chm.pops.intchm.pops.int/Portals/0/download.aspx?d=UNEP-POPS-POPRC1… · Web viewEINECS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances) as published in O.J. C 146A,

[NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT WILL BE ISSUED AS AN INFORMATION DOCUMENT, CURRENTLY REFERENCED IN THE DRAFT RISK PROFILE AS “UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/[…]”]

1. ExposureTable 1.1. Measured levels of PFHxS in aquatic biota

Organism Tissue Year Country Study site/Type of location

Range (g/kg)

Mean (g/kg) Comment Reference

Marine water organismsAtlanticcroaker

Homogenate USA Charleston Harbour,South Carolina

n.d. Houde et al.,2006

Fish Homogenate 2009 Korea Estuarine and Coastal areas, Urban/industrial

0.020–1.2 0.28 Naile et al., 2013

Crab Homogenate 2009 Korea Estuarine and Coastal areas, Urban/industrial

0.039–3.3 0.30 Naile et al., 2013

Gastropod Homogenate 2009 Korea Estuarine and Coastal areas, Urban/industrial

0.16–1.1 0.45 Naile et al., 2013

Bivalve Homogenate 2009 Korea Estuarine and Coastal areas, Urban/industrial

0.073–1.4 0.47 Naile et al., 2013

Fish (Arctic cod, Capelin, Sand lance)

Homogenate 2007–2009 Canadian Arctic

Remote n.d. - Pooled samples and some individual

Braune et al., 2014

Bentic fish (various)

Homogenate 2007–2009 Canadian Arctic

Remote n.d.–0.22 ng/g

Pooled samples and some individual

Braune et al., 2014

Cod Whole blood Poland Baltic Sea, Gulf of Gdansk 0.05––0.80 0.10 Falandysz et al., 2006Herring Liver 2005/2006 Sweden East and West coast 0.22 pooled sample Bignert et al., 2008Herring Liver 2007/2008 Sweden East and West coast 2.2 pooled sample Bignert et al., 2008Herring Liver 2009 Sweden East and West coast 1.3 pooled sample Bignert et al.,2008Pigfish Homogenate USA Sarasota Bay, Florida 4.1 Houde et al., 2006Pinfish Homogenate USA Charleston Harbour, South Carolina n.d. Houde et al., 2006Pinfish Homogenate USA Sarasota Bay, Florida 4.6 Houde et al., 2006Red drum Homogenate USA Charleston Harbour, South Carolina 0.5 Houde et al., 2006Sheephead Homogenate USA Sarasota Bay, Florida n.d. Houde et al., 2006Spotted seatrout Homogenate USA Charleston Harbour, South Carolina 1.1 Houde et al., 2006Spotted seatrout Homogenate USA Sarasota Bay, Florida 0.6 Houde et al., 2006Spotfish Homogenate USA Charleston Harbour, South Carolina 0.6 Houde et al., 2006Polar cod Liver Norway Svalbard, Barents Sea n.d.–0.07 0.04 Haukas et al.,2007Rainbow trout Muscle Sweden Baltic Sea <0.011–0.040 0.013 Glynn et al., 2012Fish various Whole body Canada Hudson Bay n.d.–0.22 Braune et al., 2014Fish Muscle/liver Australia Urban/industrial n.d./0.70–1.2 Thomson et al., 2011bVarious aquatic organisms

USA 2007 Savannah, Georgia

Urban 0.1–3.4 ng/g Sawtooth pen clam, White shrimp, eel, Oyster toadfish, snapper, catfish, Atlantic croaker, Southern

Kumar et al., 2009

Organism Tissue Year Country Study site/Type of location

Range (g/kg)

Mean (g/kg) Comment Reference

kingfish, Southern stingray, Silver perch, Spot, Inshore lizardfish, Tomtate, Sea robin, Black sea bass, Largemouth bass, Atlantic sharp-nose shark, Bonnethead shark

Various fish Liver 2004 The Netherland

North Sea, Western Scheldt, Skagerak

<3–27 ng/g Various marine fish Van Leeuwen & Boer, 2006

Various shellfish and crustaceans

Liver 2004 The Netherland

North Sea, Western Scheldt, Skagerak

<3–<6 ng/g Van Leeuwen & Boer, 2006

Fresh water organismsAtlanticcroaker

Homogenate USA Charleston Harbour,South Carolina

n.d. Houde et al., 2006

Big head carp Muscle China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial 0.19–3.57 1.15 Zhou et al., 2014Grass carp Muscle China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial - 4.58 Zhou et al., 2014Silver carp Muscle China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial 0.81–3.33 1.59 Zhou et al., 2014Common carp Muscle China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial 15.5–74.0 31.2 Zhou et al., 2014White amur bream

Muscle China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial 0.83–3.16 1.84 Zhou et al., 2014

Yellow catfish Muscle China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial 6.19–12.2 9.92 Zhou et al., 2014Cod Whole blood Poland Baltic Sea, Gulf of Gdansk 0.05–0.80 0.10 Falandysz et al., 2007Herring Liver 2005/2006 Sweden East and West coast 0.22 pooled sample Bignert et al.,2008Herring Liver 2007/2008 Sweden East and West coast 2.2 pooled sample Bignert et al.,2008Herring Liver 2009 Sweden East and West coast 1.3 pooled sample Bignert et al.,2008Biota Various 2013-2015 Vietnam River <0.0–0.95

ng/g0.06 Fish, crab, prawn, snail, Lam et al., 2017

Fish Various 2010 Czech Republic

River Labe, Vltava and Bilina 0.007–0.121 ng/g

0.032 Pooled and individual Svihlikova et al., 2015

Bentic invertebrates

Whole 2010/2011 Canada Arctic n.d. Lescord et al., 2015

Pelagic invertebrates

Whole 2010/2011 Canada Arctic n.d. Lescord et al., 2015

Char Various 2010/2011 Canada Arctic n.d.–2.0 Lescord et al., 2015Various fish Liver 2004 The

Netherland<3–<4 Eel and pike Van Leeuwen & Boer, 2006

Rainbow trout Muscle Sweden Baltic Sea <0.011–0.040 0.013 Glynn et al., 2012

Table 1.2. Measured levels of PFHxS in amphibians and birds

Organism Tissue Year Country Study site/Type of location Range (g/kg) Mean (g/kg) Comments Reference

AmphibiansAmerican alligators

plasma USA Merrit Island National Wildlife Refuge

<0.008–161 7.955 Bangma et al., 2017

American alligators

Tail muscle

2015 USA South Carolina 0.051–0.272 ng/g 0.0816–0.099 ng/g

median Tipton et al., 2017

Chinese alligators Serum 2009 China Anhui Research Center for Chinese Alligator Reproduction

0–1.5 ng/g dw 0.2 ng/g dw Wang et al., 2013

BirdsAlbatross liver 2011 Canada Midway Atoll, North Pacific

Ocean0.32–0.81 Chu et al., 2et al., 2015

Albatross muscle 2011 Canada Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean

0.14–0.44 Chu et al., 2et al., 2015

Albatross adipose 2011 Canada Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean

n.d.–0.18 Chu et al., 2et al., 2015

Herring Gull egg 2012/2013 USA/Canada Great Lakes 0.01–1.44 Letcher et al., 2015Caspian tern egg 2013/2014 USA/Canada Great Lakes n.d.–4.61 Range of three collonies Su et al., 2017Murres and fulmars

liver various Canada Arctic - - Very low detection of PFHxS Butt et al., 2007

Murres and Fulmars

egg various Canada Prins Leopold Island, Nunavut

0.01–0.21 Range between two species Braune and Letcher, 2013

Herring Gull egg 2009–2014

USA/Canada Urban (industrial)/rural 0.1–2.7 Range between locations. Big difference in concentration between Urban/industrial and rural

Gewurtz et al., 2016

Various egg Australia Urban/industrial <0.50–6.8 Ibis and gull eggs Thomson et al., 2011bGreat tits Egg

(n=11)2011 Belgium,

Antwerpindustrial 36.9-354.6 162.3 vicinity of a perfluorochemical

plant (3 M) in Antwerp, Belgium (PFOS levels in the range 3237-69218 ug/kg)

Groffen et al., 2017

Great tits Egg (n=11)

2011 Belgium, Antwerp

industrial <LOQ–5.6 1.6 1 km SE of a perfluorochemical plant (3 M) in Antwerp, Belgium (PFOS levels in the range 55.1-782 ug/kg)

Groffen et al., 2017

Eider duck blood Poland Baltic Sea, Gulf of Gdansk 400-2900 pg/ml 1100 pg/ml Falandysz et al., 2006Northern goshawk plasma 2014 Norway North <LOD−1.33 ng/ml 0.61 ng/ml Gomez-Ramirez et al., 2017White-tailed eagle plasma 2014 Norway North <LOD−2.37 0.89 ng/ml Gomez-Ramirez et al., 2017White-tailed eagle feather 2014 Norway North <LOD−2.23 0.63 ng/ml Gomez-Ramirez et al., 2017Common eider egg 2012 Norway Sklinna, mid, remote 0.49–0.56 ng/g

(g/kg)Pooled samples Humber et al., 2015

Common eider egg 2012 Norway Røst, north, remote 0.59–1.58 Pooled samples Humber et al., 2015European Shag egg 2012 Norway Sklinna, mid, remote 0.53–0.53 Pooled samples Humber et al., 2015European Shag egg 2012 Norway Røst, north, remote 0.65–0.93 Pooled samples Humber et al., 2015

Canada, 28/03/18,

Editorial


European herring gull

egg 2012 Norway Sklinna, mid, remote 0.23–0.50 Pooled samples Humber et al., 2015

European herring gull

egg 2012 Norway Røst, north, remote 0.40–0.79 Pooled samples Humber et al., 2015

Verreault et al., 2005

Table 1.3. Measured levels of PFHxS in marine- and terrestrial mammals


Marine mammalsLichen - Antartica 0.11–1.16 Alava et al., 2015Pinguin Feces Antartica 0.45–4.9 Alava et al., 2015Pinguin Feces Antartica 2.17–3.77 Llorca et al., 2012

Weddell seals Plasma Antartica McMurdo Sound - - Not detected Routti et al., 2015Ringed seal Plasma 1990–

2010Norway Svalbard 0.49–2.68 Not sampled every year Routti et al., 2016

Ringed seal Liver 1986–2010

Greenland East Greenland <MDL–0.9 Not sampled every year Riget et al., 2013

Ringed seal Liver 1982–2010

Greenland West Greenland <MDL–0.4 Riget et al., 2013

Seal Muscle Greenland Western 0.2–0.6 Carlsson et al., 2014Harbour seal Liver 2002 Denmark Various seas and fjords 2.7–16.3 Range of mean from several locations in

DenmarkDietz et al., 2012

Harbour seal Various Germany German Bight 0.66–10.49 Liver, kidney, lung, heart, blood, brain, muscle, thyroid, thymus* and blubber. * had max concentration

Ahrens et al., 2009

Harbour seal Liver 2002 Germany Wadden Sea 6.5–32.4 ng/g 16.3 Galatius et al., 2013Hooded seal, mother

Plasma 2008 Greenland, east

West Ice, 0.256–1.89 ng/g 0.845 Grønnestad et al., 2016

Hooded seal, pup Plasma 2008 Greenland, east

West Ice, 0.483–5.01 2.90 Grønnestad et al., 2016

Hooded seal Mothers milk

2008 Greenland, east

West Ice, 0.394 n.d. n=1 Grønnestad et al., 2016

Fur seal pup Liver Antartica 0.4 82% frequent detection Schiavone et al., 2009Harbour porpoises

Liver 1980–2005

Denmark Danish North Sea DL Found in minority of samples Galatius et al., 2011

Harbour porpoises

Liver 1999–2002

Denmark Danish North Sea DL–6.3 1.1 Galatius et al., 2013

Pilot Whale Muscle 1986–2013

Faroe Islands

–, 0.13, 0.19, 0.11, 0.14 ng/g

1986–1988, 1994–1997, 1998–2002, 2006–2009, 2010–2013

Dessuncao et al., 2017

Beluga whale Liver Alaska, USA

Cook inlet 0.6–3.55 Reiner et al., 2011

Beluga whale Liver Alaska, USA

Eastern Chukchi Sea <0.0261–0.378 Reiner et al., 2011

Mink whale Liver Iceland <0.4–1.1 Kallenborne et al., 2004Long-finned pilot whale

Liver Faroe island

0.39–1.0 Kallenborne et al., 2004

White-beaked dolphin

Liver 1999–2002

Denmark Danish North Sea DL6.8 2.8 Galatius et al., 2013

Bottlenose dolphins

Plasma 2003–2005

USA Indian River Lagoon, FL, less urban

2.30–757 Range between juvenile, adult female and adult male.

Fair et al., 2012


Highest level found in juvenile based geometrical mean.

Bottlenose dolphins

Plasma 2003–2005

USA Charleston, SC, Urban 4.6–471 Range between juvenile, adult female and adult male.Highest level found in juvenile based geometrical mean.

Fair et al., 2012

Bottlenose dolphins

Blubber 2005 USA Indian River Lagoon, FL, less urban

0.3–69.3 Range between juvenile, adult female and adult male. Highest level found in adult male based on geometrical mean.

Fair et al., 2010

Bottlenose dolphins

Blubber 2005 USA Charleston, SC, urban 0.3–22.7 Range between juvenile, adult female and adult male.Highest level found in juvenile based on geometrical mean.

Fair et al., 2010

Otter Liver 1972–2011

Sweden 0.7–12 ng/g Northern Sweden0.7–64 ng/g Southern Sweden1.5–7.6 ng/g South–west Norway

2.8, 5.5, and 3.6 ng/g (median respectively)

Northern Sweden, Southern Sweden, South-west Norway

Roos et al., 2013

TerrestrialRoe deer Liver

pooledGermany 0.5–2.0 Falk et al., 2012

Arctic fox Various 2011/2012

Norway Svalbard, Arctic remote 0.23–8.4 total range 0.47–5.2 mean range

The range levels represent tissues; liver, blood, kidney, adipose tissue and muscle

Aas et al., 2014

Arctic fox Liver Norway Svalbard, Arctic <0.05–139 Routti et al., 2017Polar bear Liver Greenland East Greenland Bossi et al., 2005Polar bear Liver Greenland East Greenland 140 Smithwick et al., 2005bPolar bear Liver Greenland Chukchi

Sea, Alaska35.2–325 129 Smithwick et al., 2005a

Polar bear Liver USA NorthwestTerritories,

<3.2–261 44.8 Smithwick et al., 2005a

Polar bear Liver Canada High Arctic <3.2–263 35.9 Smithwick et al., 2005aPolar bear Liver Canada South Baffin

Island<3.2–417 71.4 Smithwick et al., 2005a

Polar bear Liver Canada South Hudson Bay <3.2–321 62.3 Smithwick et al., 2005aPolar bear Liver Greenland East Greenland 4.39–544 80.2 Smithwick et al., 2005aPolar bear Liver Norway Svalbard, Barents Sea 2260–4430 2940 Smithwick et al., 2005aPolar bear Plasma 1998–

2008Norway Svalbard, Arctic 40.8 Mothers 1998 Brytningsvik et al., 2012

Polar bear Plasma 1998–2008

Norway Svalbard, Arctic 12.0 Cubs 1998 Brytningsvik et al., 2012


Norway Svalbard, Arctic 32.6 Mothers 2008 Brytningsvik et al., 2012


Norway Svalbard, Arctic 12.2 Cubs 2008 Brytningsvik et al., 2012


Polar bear Various Greenland Scoresby Sound, CentralEast Greenland.

1.37–30.9 Liver, blood, brain, muscle, adipose Greaves et al., 2012

Polar bear Blood Norway Svalbard, Arctic 4.9–70 28 median Routti et al., 2017Polar bear Liver 1984–

1988Greenland East Greenland – n.d. Not sampled every year Riget et al., 2013

Polar bear Liver 1989–2011

Greenland East Greenland <MDL–27.9 ng/g Not sampled every year Riget et al., 2013

Polar bear Serum Norway Svalbard–spring 5.5–65.3 28.6 Varies with the season Tartu et al., 2017Polar bear Serum Norway Svalbard–autum 11.0–70.7 28.6 Varies with the season Tartu et al., 2017Polar bear Bloo

dLiverCanada Southern Hudson Bay 7.1–9.66 8.28 ng/g Letcher et al., 2018

Polar bear BloodLiver

Canada Western Hudson Bay 5.98–8.22 7.09 ng/g Letcher et al., 2018

Canada, 28/03/18,

Corrections

Table 1.4. Measured levels of PFHxS in abiota

Matrix Country/ Region Year Study site Type of location Concentration Mean Comment Reference

AirAir Canada Arctic lakes (Amituk, Char, and

Resolute) on Cornwallis Island, Nunavut, Canada.

Remote, Arctic <1 pg/m – No exact value was given Stock et al., 2007

Air Canada 2009 Alert Remote, Arctic 0.085 pg/m Genualdi et al., 2010Air Norway 2016 Zeppelin Remote, Arctic Norwegian Environment Agency,

2017Air Norway 2016 Birkenes Norwegian Environment Agency,

2017Air Canada 2006–2014 Alert Remote, Arctic n.d.–0.62 pg/m 0.032 pg/m Wong et al submittedAir Norway 2006–2014 Zeppelin Remote, Arctic n.d.–0.35 pg/m 0.035 pg/m Wong et al submittedAir Canada Alert Remote, Arctic 0.087 pg/m NCP 2013, CanadaAir France Paris Urban 60.4 pg/m – Genualdi et al., 2010Ice, snow and snowmeltSnow melt

Antarctica 2014/2015 Livingston Island Remote 0.35–7.3 pg/L 58% detection frequency Casal et al., 2017

Snow surface

Antarctica 2014/2015 Livingston Island Remote n.d.–23 pg/L 58% detection frequency Casal et al., 2017

Snowpack Sweden North region Remote <n.d. to 651 pg/L 25.1 pg/L Codling et al., 2014Snow Norway Svalbard Remote 20–30 pg/L Kwok et al., 2013Snow Greenland East Remote 8.2–40.2 pg/L), Reviewed in Butt et al., 2010Ice cap Canada Devon Ice cap Remote – Not detected McInnis et al., 2017Rain- and river waterRain water

Germany 20 km east of Hamburg Semi-rural. n.d.–500 pg/L Dreyer et al., 2010

Rain water

The Netherland

2008 North Sea coast, 30 km outside Amsterdam

Semi-rural, infiltrated

0.3–25 10.0 Eschauzier et al., 2010

Rain water

The Netherland


Semi-rural. 2.9–21 Eschauzier et al., 2010

River water

The Netherland


Semi-rural, infiltrated

<0.8–4.0 1.4 ng/L Eschauzier et al., 2010

River water

Germany Rivers Elbe and lower Weser 0.6–1.0 ng/L Amount varied by season Zhao et al., 2015

Water Australia Sydney Harbour and Parramatta River estuary

urban/industrial 2.7–4.3 Thomson et al., 2011b

WaterWater Norway 2006 Svalbard Surface 20–500 pg/L Kwok et al., 2013Ocean water

Greenland Eastern Greenland Arctic Ocean n.d.–14.5 pg/L Bush et al., 2010

Ocean water

Atlantic Ocean Northern Europe 8.3–53 pg/L Ahrens et al., 2010

Ocean water

Atlantic Atlantic Ocean Atlantic 4.1–17 pg/L Ahrens et al., 2010


Ocean water

Southern Souther Ocean Southern 4.1 pg/L Ahrens et al., 2010

Ocean water

Southern Between Asia and Antartica Surface water <1–10.2 pg/L Wei et al., 2007

Ocean water

Greenland Greenland Sea Surface water <6.5–45 pg/L Zhao et al., 2012

Ocean water

Atlantic Atlantic Ocean Surface water <6.5–120 pg/L Zhao et al., 2012

Ocean water

Southern Southern Ocean Surface water <6.5 pg/L Zhao et al., 2012

Ocean water

Greenland Greenland Sea East of Greenland 6–19 pg/L, Reviewed in Butt et al., 2010

Ocean water

Faroe Islands

Sea 1 ng/L Reviewed in Butt et al., 2010

Ocean water

Russian Federation

Baydaratskaya Bay Arctic n.d. Reviewed in Butt et al., 2010

Ocean water

Global Global Surface water n.d.–51 pg/L Benskin et al., 2012

Ocean water

Arctic and Antarctic

Greenland Sea, Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean.

Surface water 6.5–61 pg/L Zhao et al., 2012

Ocean water

Arctic ocean

East of Greenland n.d.–20 pg/L Caliebe et al., 2005

Ocean water

Arctic 22 pg/L Yeung et al., 2017

Ocean water

Southern Between Asia and Antarctica Surface water 5–10.2 Wei et al., 2007

Ocean water

Arctic ocean

66 pg/L Under detection limit at all sites Cai et al., 2012

Ocean water

Mediterranean

2014 Western Mediterranean Surface water 5.4–41.3 pg/L Brumovský et al., 2016

Ocean and costal

Korea 2009 Estuarine and coastal areas Surface water <0.2–8.7 ng/L 1.7 ng/L Naile et al., 2013

Ocean and costal

World wide

North and south Atlantic and Pacific, and southIndian oceans, and the coastal regions

Tropic- and sub tropic surface water

n.d.–1420 pg/L Close to 100% detection frequency

Gonzalez-Gaya et al. 2014

Ocean and costal water

World wide

Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Various depth 0.1–5600 pg/L Yamashita et al., 2005

Coastal Sea Water

Finland, Denmark,

Iceland, Faroe Islands 8–4390 pg/L Kallenborn et al., 2004

Fresh water

Canada Arctic lakes (Amituk, Char, and Resolute) on Cornwallis Island, Nunavut, Canada.

Background location, Southern Norway

n.d.–24 ng/ L – Stock et al., 2007


Fresh waterFresh water

Canada 2010/2011 Arctic lake Remote 0.01–30 ng/L Lescord et al., 2015

Fresh water

Spain 2010 Juca River basin Urban/industrial 12.1–36.7 ng/L 3.25 ng/L 13% detection frequency Campo et al., 2016

Fresh water

China 2004 Tributaries of the Pearl River in Guangzhou

River water <0.13–<0.67 Miyake et al., 2007

Fresh water

China 2004 Sampling points along the Yangtze RiverChongqing

River water <0.005–0.4 So et al., 2007

SedimentSediment Canada Arctic lakes (Amituk, Char, and

Resolute) on CornwallisIsland, Nunavut, Canada.

Remote region, Arctic

n.d.–3.5 ng/g dw – Stock et al., 2007

Sediment USA 2007 Savannah, Georgia Urban n.d.–0.3 ng/g dw Kumar et al., 2009Sediment Japan 2005 Rivers, (Kumo, Uji, Tenjin,

Katsura, Osaka)<0.1–<1.6 Senthilkumar et al. (2007)

Sediment USA 2004 The San Francisco Bay area, California, Corvallis, Oregon, Baltimore, Maryland

Coastal areas n.d.–0.2 Higgins et al., 2005

Sediment Korea 2009 Estuarine and coastal areas Urban/industrial n.d. Naile et al., 2013Sediment Spain 2010 Juca River basin Urban/industrial n.d. – Campo et al., 2016Sediment Czech

Republic2007–2008 Morova River Industrial 0.12–3.8 g/kg 0.53 g/kg Median 0.34 g/kg, n=70,

detection=60%Becanova et al., 2016

Sediment Australia Sydney Harbour and Parramatta River estuary

urban/industrial <0.10–0.10 Thomson et al., 2011b

Sediment Serbia Canal urban/industrial n.d.–0.23 Channel draining waste water Beškoski et al., 2013Sediment Canada 2015 Various sites, Ontario, Hamilton

area0.06–1.1 ng/g FHxSA 0.06–0.19 D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017

Sediment Canada Arctic lake Remote 0.0–0.95 ng/g Lescord et al., 2015Sediment Vietnam River Urban <0.04–18.3 ng/g 18.3 ng/g highest of all PFAS

measuredLam et al., 2017

SoilSoil North

AmericaVarious Rural LOD–36.5 pg/g Rankin et al., 2016

Soil Europe Various Rural LOD–99.7 Rankin et al., 2016Soil Asia Various Rural 2.95–14.63 Rankin et al., 2016Soil Africa Various Rural LOD–8.91 Rankin et al., 2016Soil Australia Various Rural LOD–39.57 Rankin et al., 2016Soil South

AmericaVarious Rural LOD Rankin et al., 2016

Soil Antarctica Various Rural LOD Rankin et al., 2016Soil Llorca et al., 2012Soil Korea 2009 Estuarine and coastal areas Urban/industrial n.d. Naile et al., 2013

Table 1.5. Detection in waste water treatment, sludge, impacted biota, AFFF impacted sites and from manufacture


Waste water treatment, sludge, impacted biota, AFFF impacted sites and from manufactureWater Canada 2015 Various sites-Ontario, Hamilton

areaAFFF-impacted 28–150 ng/L FHxSA 1.0–19 ng/L, FASADA

n.d.–0.36,FASAB nd–1.42

D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017

Water Canada 2015 Various sites-Ontario, Hamilton area

Urban 0.04−0.94 ng/L FHxSA 0.32 ng/L median D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017


Urban 2.5 ng/L D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017


Rural 0.3 ng/L D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017

Water Canada 2014 Meretta- and Resolute Lake AFFF-impacted Arctic lakes

13–30 ng/L FHxSA 1.2–3.6, FASAB 0.7–0.74


Ground water

Sweden Military airport 18 000–92 000 ng/L Ericson Jogsten and Yeung, 2017

Ground water

Australia Future Forrestfield rail station site AFFF use 0.12mcg/L Awaiting classification https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/wa/high-levels-of-toxic-chemicals-found-near-port-hedland-airport-ng-b88686088z

Ground water

Australia Forrestfield Rail yard, Abernethy Road, High Wycombe

AFFF use 2.11mcg/L Being reviewed for classification.

https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/wa/high-levels-of-toxic-chemicals-found-near-port-hedland-airport-ng-b88686088z

Water Canada AFFF impacted 4.4 ng/L FHxSA 2.4/ 0.32 ng/L (AFFF/Urban)


Surface water

Sweden Fortum Waste Solution Hazardous waste management facility

8.8–250 ng/L Ericson Jogsten and Yeung, 2017

Surface water

Sweden Various airports Airports 4.4–1000 ng/L Both civil and military Ericson Jogsten and Yeung, 2017

Surface water

Australia Perth Airport South Main Drain, Redcliffe and Ascot

Airport 0.55 mcg/L Classified as possibly contaminated — investigation required.


Surface water

Australia Perth Airport North Main Drain and Swan River foreshore at South Guildford

Airport 1.8 mcg/L Classified as contaminated — restricted use


Waste water

European 90 EuropeanWaste Water Treatment Plants

3.4 ng/L Highest (single)Maximum Concentration(mg/l)=0.922=922 ng/L

CONCAWE, report no. 8/16


Waste water treatment, sludge, impacted biota, AFFF impacted sites and from manufactureWaste water

Sweden Influent/effluent Waste water treatment park

0.1–1.9 ng/L Eriksson et al., 2017

Waste water

Sweden Effluent Waste water treatment park

Approx. 7 ng/L

Swedish EPA, 2016

Waste water

Norway Waste water inlet Waste management

2899–5689 ng/passive sampler

Norwegian Environment Agency, 2017 (M-806)

Water Norway Landfill leachates Waste management

93–96 ng/passive sampler


Water Sweden Landfill leachates Waste management

Approx. 80 ng/L

Swedish EPA, 2016

Water USA Landfill leachates from 6 different sites

Waste management

1.3–3900 ng/L PFHxS detected Allred et al., 2014


Waste management

n.d.–89 ng/L Precursor FHxSAA (perfluorohexane sulfonamino acetic acid

Allred et al., 2014


Waste management

0.63–1900 ng/L Precursor MeFHxSAA (N-methyl perfluorohexane sulfonamino acetic acid

Allred et al., 2014


Waste management

n.d.–51 ng/L Precursor EtFHxSAA (N-ethyl perfluorohexane sulfonamino acetic acid

Allred et al., 2014

Water Australia Local point source, Oakey, Queensland

Fire-fighting training area

0.07–6 2.4 g/L Braunig et al. 2017

Sludge Norway Sludge Waste management

110–2700 g/kg dw Norwegian Environment Agency, 2017 (M-806)

Sludge Sweden Sludge Waste water treatment park

0.02–0.07 Eriksson et al., 2017

Sediment Norway Oslo Fjord and Mjøsa Fjord and lake 0.71 g/kg dw Norwegian Environment Agency, 2017 (M-806)

Soil Australia Local point source, Oakey, Queensland


0.1–74 13 g/kg dw

Braunig et al. 2017

Grass Australia Local point source, Oakey, Queensland


1–26 10 g/kg ww

Braunig et al. 2017

Egg yolk Australia Local point source, Oakey, Queensland


10–16 13 ng/g Braunig et al. 2017

Cow ‘inside plume

Australia Local point source, Oakey, Queensland


2–125 52 g/L serum

Braunig et al. 2017

Cow ‘outside plume

Australia Local point source, Oakey, Queensland


0.5–18 7 g/L serum

Braunig et al. 2017

Sheep Australia Local point source, Oakey, Queensland


32–129 63 g/L serum

Braunig et al. 2017

Horse Australia Local point source, Oakey, Queensland


18–74 33 g/L serum

Braunig et al. 2017


Waste water treatment, sludge, impacted biota, AFFF impacted sites and from manufactureHuman Australia Local point source, Oakey,

QueenslandFire-fighting training area

39–214 93 g/L serum

Braunig et al. 2017

Waste effluent

Taiwan, Province of China

Hsinchu Science Park Semiconductor fabrication plant

13333.0 ng/L

Lin et al., 2009

Pure water Taiwan, Province of China


24.2 ng/L Lin et al., 2009

Photolithographic waste waster



9930.0 ng/L

Lin et al., 2009

Waste effluent


Hsinchu Science Park electronic/optoelectronic fabrication plant

2 g/L Lin et al., 2009

Waste water effluent


urban Taipei Municipal waste water treatment plant I

6.3 ng/L Lin et al., 2010



urban Taipei Municipal waste water treatment plant II

35 ng/L Lin et al., 2010



urban Taipei, Hsinchu Science Park

Industrial Waste water treatment plant

2226.7 ng/L

A hub for 384 high-tech companies that include 86 optoelectronics, 203 integrated circuit companies and 27 semiconductor fabrication plants

Lin et al., 2010

Table 1.6. Detection in Drinking water

Drinking water Country/region Year Study site PFHxS

range ng/LMean ng/L Comment Sum PFAS (mean (range) References

Drinking water

Sweden 2013 Outgoing water from Brantafors waterworks in Ronneby

– 1770 Drinking water was also contaminated with 8000 ng/L PFOS and 100 ng/L PFOA

Li et al., 2018

Drinking water

Sweden 2013 Outgoing water from Kärragården waterworks in Ronneby

– 4.6 PFOS 27 ng/L and PFHxA 3.6 was also detected

Li et al., 2018

Drinking water

Italy 2013 Various municipalities in province of Treviso

27–36 From various municipalities Annex E submission from Council of Chemists of the Province of Treviso, Italy

Drinking water

France Raw water <4 to 32 Boiteux et al., 2012

Drinking water

France Treated water <4 to 18 Boiteux et al., 2012

Drinking water

Spain 40 different locations from 5 different zones of Catalonia

5.30 Ericson et al., 2009

Tap water The Nederlands 2013–14 27 water sources <LOQ–2.3 1.3 Sum PFAS <LOQ to 54 ng/l Zafeiraki, et al. 2015Tap water Greece 2013–14 43 water sources >LOQ 0 Sum PFAS <LOQ and 5.9 ng/l Zafeiraki, et al. 2015Drinking water

Canada and other Bottle water 0.10 Canada and other countries (Burkina Faso, Chile,Ivory Coast, France, Japan, Mexico, Norway, and the USA) in 2015–2016.

Kabore et al., 2018

Drinking water

Canada and other Tap water 0.30 Canada and other countries (Burkina Faso, Chile, Ivory Coast, France, Japan, Mexico, Norway, and the USA) in 2015–2016.

Kabore et al., 2018

Drinking water

Australia Portable water from 34 locations in Australia

14.4 Maximum concentration detected Thompson et al., 2011a

Tap water China 2008 Xiamen and Beijing 0.085 Mak et al., 2009Tap water Afghanistan 2007 Kabul – n.d. PFOA and PFOS were not detected in tap

water (LOQ ug/L: 0.03 PFOA, 0.015 PFOS)Hemat et al., 2010

Table 1.7. PFHxS levels in food items

Food item Country/region Year N Median ng/g ww

Mean ng/g ww

PFHxS range ng/g ww

Detection frequency

Comment Sum PFAS (median (range) ng/g ww) References

Domestic eggs The Netherlands 2013–2014 73 1.1 – <0.5–5.2 7 Home produced eggs, sum PFASs :3.5 (<LOQ–31.2), PFASs measured in egg yolk

Zafeiraki et al, 2016

Domestic eggs Greece 2013–2014 45 <0.5 – <0.5 0 Home produced eggs sum PFASs: 1.1 (<LOQ–15) PFASs measured in egg yolk

Zafeiraki et al, 2016

Fatty fish The Netherlands 2009 – – 0.009 – – herring/eel/mackerel/ salmon Noorlander et al., 2011Lean fish The Netherlands 2009 – – 0.023 – – cod/plaice/pollack/tuna Noorlander et al., 2011crustacians The Netherlands 2009 – – 0.044 – – mussels/shrimp/crab Noorlander et al., 2011butter The Netherlands 2009 – – 0.016 – – salt-free butter/salted butter/low-fat butter Noorlander et al., 2011Chicken/ poultry

The Netherlands 2009 – – 0.003 – – Noorlander et al., 2011

flour The Netherlands 2009 – – 0.018 – – whole wheat flour/flour Noorlander et al., 2011Bakery products

The Netherlands 2009 – – 0.006 – – cake/almond paste cake/biscuits/brown spicedbiscuit/pie

Noorlander et al., 2011

Industrial oil The Netherlands 2009 – – 0.007 – – margarine/frying fat (industrial oil)/frying oil (industrial oil)

Noorlander et al., 2011

Meat products Sweden 1999 – 0.006 Beef, pork, lamb, poultry, cured/processed meats, sausages

Gebbink et al., 2015

Fish products 1999 0.007 Fresh and frozen fillets of fish, canned fish products, shellfish

Gebbink et al., 2015

Egg 1999 0.034 Hen eggs Gebbink et al., 2015Potatoes 1999 0.0002 Gebbink et al., 2015Soft drinks 1999 0.0002 Soft drinks, mineral water, low alcohol

beer, medium-strong beerGebbink et al., 2015

Table 1.8. Detection in indoor and outdoor dust

Dust Country/Region Year of sampling (N) Type of location Concentration range

g/kg dw (%>LOD) Mean Comment Reference

Dust Norway /Oslo 2017 (n=5) Furniture store 1600–2300 (100) 1983 ug/kg dw 6:2diPAP was found in equal high amounts 330–3300 ug/ kg dw(mean PFOS 10,75 ug/kg)


Dust Norway/ Oslo 2017 (n=5) Hotel 1600–2100 (100) 6:2diPAP was found in equal high amounts 330–3300 ug/ kg dw


Dust USA Private home vacuuming Siebenaler et al., 2017Dust USA Private home no vacuuming Siebenaler et al., 2017Dust Norway Huber et al. 2011Dust Canada 2007–2008

(n=18)Private home 2.9–1300 140 ug/kg dw PFOS was found at equal high

levelsBeesoon et al., 2011

Dust USA/ Boston 2009 (n=31) Office 2.24–18.5 (23) Fraser et al., 2013Dust USA/ Boston 2009 (n=30) Private home 6.05–430 (40) Fraser et al., 2013

USA/ Boston 2009 (n=12) Vehicle 5.22–108 (46) Fraser et al., 2013Dust Canada, Ottawa 2002/2003

(n=67)House Dust (2.3–4305 ng/g) Median 23 ng/g

mean 391.96Kubwabo et al, 2005

Kato et al., 2009 IPENDust USA/Ohio and

North Carolina2000–2001 (n=112)

Private homes (n=102) and day care centres (n=10)

(<DL–35,700) Median 46 ng/g,mean 874 ng/g

Strynar and Lindstrom, 2008

Dust China Manufacturing plant, office 1 2.01 g/g Wang et al., 2010Dust China Manufacturing plant, office 2 0.58 Wang et al., 2010Dust China Manufacturing plant, product

storage 12.04 Wang et al., 2010

Dust China Manufacturing plant, product storage 2

25.82 Wang et al., 2010

Dust China Manufacturing plant, raw material stock room 1

4.34 Wang et al., 2010

Dust China Manufacturing plant, raw material stock room 2

0.59 Wang et al., 2010

Dust China Manufacturing plant, electrolysis workshop 1

2.40 Wang et al., 2010


1.46 Wang et al., 2010


4.99 Wang et al., 2010

Dust China Manufacturing plant, sulfonation workshop 1

15.11 Wang et al., 2010


15.92 Wang et al., 2010


9.95 Wang et al., 2010

Dust Country/Region Year of sampling (N) Type of location Concentration range

g/kg dw (%>LOD) Mean Comment Reference

Dust China Manufacturing plant, laboratory building

4.74 Wang et al., 2010

Dust China Manufacturing plant, road 1 0.10 Wang et al., 2010Dust China Manufacturing plant, road 2 0.14 Wang et al., 2010Dust China Manufacturing plant, road 3 1.26 Wang et al., 2010

Table 1.9. Detection in products

Matrix Country/Region Year of sampling (N)

Type of location

Concentration range g/kg dw (%>LOD) Mean Comment Reference

Consumer products Germany 2010 (n=7) Paper based FCM

0.6 (6) Kotthoff et al., 2015

Consumer products Germany 2010 (n=13) Ski wax 9.3 (35) Kotthoff et al., 2015Consumer products Germany 2010 (n=13) Leather 10.1 (96) Kotthoff et al., 2015

Czech Republic Becanova et al., 2016

Table 1.10. Concentrations of PFHxS in human serum (See also ECHA 2017a, Annex II Table 14)

Location Year NConcentration (µg/L)

median (rang,%LOQ) or Geometric mean (GM) Remarks Reference

PFHxS PFOS PFOAJapan 2013

201420152016

83817688

0.54 (n.d.–1.8)0.42 (n.d.–1.1)0.22 (n.d.–0.8)0.32 (0.071–0.76)

– – Select three areas in each year, (40–59 year-old and long-time resident) in each survey area

Japan Annex E, Survey of the Exposure to chemical compounds in human (FY 2013 to FY 2016). The Environmental Risk Assessment Office, Environmental Health Department, Ministry of the Environment, Japan has conducted this survey and are open on website below.http://www.env.go.jp/chemi/dioxin/pamph/cd/2017en_full.pdf

Afghanistan, Kabul

2007 43 adults12 children

Max level 3.0(22%)

1.2 (0.2–11.8)100%

Max level 3.0(24%)

PFOA and PFOS were not detected in tap water (LOQ ug/L: 0.03 PFOA, 0.015 PFOS)Adults (20–43 yrs), Children (2.5–9 yrs)

Hemat et al., 2010

India, Coimbatore

2000 45 Female 1.6 (<1–1.8, 36%)male 1.5 (<1–2.9, 41%)

Female 2.5 (<1–3, 55%)male 1.3 (<1–3.1, 50%)

female <3 5 (<3, 0%)male 3.5 (<3–3.5, 3%)

Agricultural and industrial area Kannan et al., 2004

USA In blood serum of some office workers in Boston, exposed to FTOHs, PFHxS reached 0.2–13 ng/mL with of geomean of 1.5 ng/mL (Fraser et al., 2012).

Fraser AJ, Webster TF, Watkins DJ, Nelson JW, Stapleton HM, Calafat AM, Kato K, Shoeib M, Vieira VM, McClean MD (2012). Polyfluorinated Compounds in Serum Linked to Indoor Air in Office Environments. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012; 46: 1209–1215.Olsen GW, Lange CC, Ellefson ME, Mair DC, Church TR, Goldberg CL, Herron RM, Medhdizadehkashi Z, Nobiletti JB, Rios JA, Reagen WK, Zobel LR (2012). Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl concentrations in American Red Cross adult blood donors, 2000−2010. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 6330−6338.

USA NHANES 1999–2006

1032 2.0±0.1 4.3±0.2 23.7± 0.7 60 years old participants Fry et al., 2017

Germany Yeung LWY, Robinson SJ, Koschorreck J, Mabury SA (2013). Part II. A Temporal Study of PFOS and Its pecursors in Human Plasma from Two German Cities in 1982–2009. Environmental Sci Technol. 47 (8): 3875-3882; DOI: 10.1021/es4004153

Location Year N

Concentration (µg/L)median (rang,%LOQ) or Geometric mean (GM)

Remarks ReferenceSweden,Ronneby

2014–2016

106 277 (12.3–1660) 345 (24.1–1500) 17.5 (2.38–92) Participants age 4–84 years, 53% females, receiving PFAS contaminated drinking water used for half-life study

Li et al., 2018

Sweden,Ronneby

2014–2016

3418 152 (<0.5–1790) 176 (<0.50–1870) 10.4 (<0.4–91.9) Drinking water exposure until 2013, (AFF and military facility located nearby the municipal water source). Levels (ng/L) in outgoing water from waterworks in Ronneby: 1770 PFHxS, 8000 PFOS, 100 PFOA.Highest serum levels in person that had live 35 years in this area.

Li et al., 2018

Sweden,Karlshamn

2016 242 0.84 (<0.5–60.1) 4.21 (<0.5–55.3) 1.59 (<0.4–4.98) Reference site nerby Ronneby with PFAS clean water source

Li et al., 2018

China 2008–12 302 764 (<LOD to 19,837) 1725 (50.3–118000) 427 ((2.5–32000) Occupational exposure at a fluorochemical plant (Hexin Chemical Plant, Yingcheng, Hubei province). Serum levels of PFHxS and PFOA increased with length of service.

Fu et al. 2016

Canada 2008-11 1940 1.03 * (<LOD-40) 4.56 *(<LOD-36) 1.65*(<LOD-16) Maternal-child cohort study in 10 sites across Canada

Fisher et al. 2016

Canada 2007-2009

1376 3.2 * 11.0 * 2.9 * Geometric means of plasma concentrations of Canadian males, aged 20-79 years, Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1

Health Canada, 2013

Canada 2009-2011

510 2.4 * 8.3 * 2.6 * Geometric means of plasma concentrations of Canadian males, aged 20-79 years, Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 2

Health Canada, 2013

Canada 2007-2009

1504 1.6 * 7.1 * 2.2 * Geometric means of plasma concentrations of Canadian females, aged 20-79 years, Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1

Health Canada, 2013

Canada 2009-2011

505 1.3 * 5.7 * 2.0 * Geometric means of plasma concentrations of Canadian females, aged 20-79 years, Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 2

Health Canada, 2013

*plasma geometric mean

Canada, 28/03/18,

Currently not included in the references of the draft risk profile for PFHxS. Health Canada. 2013. Second Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada : Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 2 (2009-2011). Minister of Health, Ottawa, ON. Retrieved March 13, 2018. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#ret-13.9.1

Canada, 28/03/18,

Already included in the references of the draft risk profile for PFHxS.Fisher M, Arbuckle TE, Liang CL, LeBlanc A, Gaudreau E, Foster WG, Haines D, Davis K, Fraser WD (2016). Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in maternal and cord blood from the maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals (MIREC) cohort study. Environ Health. 15(1):59.

Table 1.11. Levels in cord blood (See also ECHA 2017a, annex II, Table 14)

Concentration ng/mLMedian, (range),% detection (LOD)

Location Year PFHxS PFOS PFOA Remarks ReferenceChina, Guangzhou 2013 3.87 (ND –20.15)

97.2%2.99 (ND–744.2)

97.51%1.23 (ND –229.36)

96.88%n=321 Zhang et al., 2017

China, Wuhan 2014 0.46 (0.24 –1.04)*100%

4.38 (1.66 –12.54)*100%

1.41 (0.8–2.63)*100%

N=100*(5th–95th percentile)See also maternal serums

Pan et al., 2016

Canada, Ottawa 2005-2008

0.5 (ND – 9.6)77%

5.0 (ND – 21.7)98%

1.6 (0.3 – 5.2)100%

N = 100 Arbuckle et al., 2013

Canada 2008-2011

<LOD (0.3)Min=ND max=1.9(22.89% above LOD)

<LOD (0.3)Min=ND Max=5.8(63.58% above LOD)

0.35 (GM)Min=ND Max=5.6

(47.73% above LOD)

N=1385 Fisher et al. 2016

Table 1.12. Levels in Breast milk (See also ECHA 2017a, annex II, Table 14)

Concentration ng/mlMedian, (range),% detection (LOD)

Location Year PFHxS PFOS PFOA Remarks ReferenceUSA 2004 0.012 (<0.030 –0.161)

51%0.106(<0.032–0.617)

95%0.044 (<0.031 –0.161)

88%n=45 Tao et al., 2008a

Sweden 2004 0.070 (0.031 –0.172)100%

0.166 (0.060 –0.470)100%

Not available(<0.209 –0.492)

Median, (range), Number >LOD

n=12 primiparous women

Karrman et al., 2007

SwedenUppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsalaGöteborgUppsala

LundLycksele

19961997199819992000200120022003

2003–2004

0.0370.0300.0400.0440.0280.0280.0510.0250.016

0.2090.2070.2190.2130.1910.2580.1940.1530.123

<0.209a

<0.209a

<0.209a

<0.209a

<0.209a

<0.209a

<0.209a

<0.209<0.209

aLevels were >LOD(0.01) but the blank level (0.209) was

>50% of the detected concentrations.

Germany 2007–2009 –, (<0.02–0.3)3%

0.04 (<0.3–0.11)72%

–, (<0.15–0.25)2%

No. >LOQn=44 participants (1 samples

each month)

Fromme et al., 2010

Sweden 1972 <0.005 0.023 0.019 n=75 Sundstrøm et al., 2011

Canada, 2018-03-28,

Already included in the references of the draft risk profile for PFHxS.Fisher M, Arbuckle TE, Liang CL, LeBlanc A, Gaudreau E, Foster WG, Haines D, Davis K, Fraser WD (2016). Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in maternal and cord blood from the maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals (MIREC) cohort study. Environ Health. 15(1):59

Canada, 2018-03-28,

Currently not included in the references of the draft risk profile for PFHxS.Arbuckle TE, Kubwabo C, Walker M, Davis K, Lalonde K, Kosarac I, Wen SW, Arnold DL. Umbilical cord blood levels of perfluoroalkyl acids and polybrominated flame retardants. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013 Mar;216(2):184-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.03.004


Location Year PFHxS PFOS PFOA Remarks Reference19761980

1984/19851988199019921994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420072008

<0.0050.0060.0060.0160.0100.0110.0150.0280.0160.0160.0280.0230.0240.0170.0270.0250.0170.0170.014

0.0590.1030.1720.2110.2020.2220.2190.2140.2240.2370.2120.2340.2130.1980.2100.1790.1880.1220.075

0.0410.0600.0780.1480.1060.1110.1060.1390.1110.1380.1280.1200.1240.0980.1180.0980.1000.0860.074

n=78n=116n=102n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=15n=20n=20n=18

France 2007 0.050 (0.040–0.066)100%

0.079 (<0.05 –0.330)90%

0.075 (<0.05–0.224)98%

median, (range), Number >LODn=48,

Antignac et al., 2013

Spain 2007–2008 0.040 (0.02–0.11)100%

0.11 (<0.05 –0.22) 100% nd0%

n=10 Karrman et al., 2010

Vietnam 2000 and2001

0.004 (<0.002–0.027)73%

0.058 (0.017–0.393)100%

n.d (<0.043–0.089)3%

median, (range), Number >LODn=40

Tao et al., 2008b

Indonesia 2001 0.013 (<0.002–0.059)100%

0.067 (0.025–0.256)45%

n.d0%

n=20

Philippines 2000 and2004

0.007 (<0.002–0.013)92%

0.104 (0.027–0.208)100%

n.d (<0.043–0.183)29%

n=24

Japan 1999 0.006 (<0.002–0.018)92%

0.196 (0.140–0.523)100%

0.067 (<0.043–0.170)92%

n=24

Cambodia 2000 nd (<0.002–0.019)13%

0.039 (0.017–0.327)100%

nd (<0.043–0.131)4%

n=24

Malaysia 2003 0.007 (<0.002–0.013) 0.121 (0.048–0.350) nd (<0.042–0.090) n=13


Location Year PFHxS PFOS PFOA Remarks Reference85% 100% 23%

Korea 1999–2005 0.007 (0.001–0.016) 0.061 (0.032–0.130) 0.041 (<0.043–0.077) n=17 Kim et al., 2011

China 2004 0.004–0.1 0.045–0.36 0.047–210 Range, n=19, all above LOD So et al., 2006 (Annex E China)

References (to be completed)Arbuckle TE, Kubwabo C, Walker M, Davis K, Lalonde K, Kosarac I, Wen SW, Arnold DL. Umbilical cord blood levels of perfluoroalkyl acids and polybrominated flame retardants. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013 Mar;216(2):184-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.03.004.

Bečanova J, Komprdova K, Vrana B, Klanova J. Annual dynamics of perfluorinated compounds in sediment: A case study in the Morava River in Zlín district, Czech Republic. Chemosphere. 2016 May;151:225-33.

Beškoski VP, Takemine S, Nakano T, Slavković Beškoski L, Gojgić-Cvijović G, Ilić M, Miletić S, Vrvić MM. Perfluorinated compounds in sediment samples from the wastewater canal of Pančevo (Serbia) industrial area. Chemosphere. 2013

Jun;91(10):1408-15.

Brumovský M, Karaskova P, Borghini M, Nizzetto L. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Western Mediterranean Sea waters. Chemosphere. 2016 Sep;159:308-316.

Campo J, Lorenzo M, Pérez F, Picó Y, Farré Ml, Barceló D. Analysis of the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in water, sediment and biota of the Jucar River (E Spain). Sources, partitioning and relationships with water physical characteristics. Environ Res. 2016 May;147:503-12.

Fisher M, Arbuckle TE, Liang CL, LeBlanc A, Gaudreau E, Foster WG, Haines D, Davis K, Fraser WD. Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in maternal and cord blood from the maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals (MIREC) cohort study. Environ Health. 2016 May 4;15(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12940-016-0143-y.

Fry K, Power MC. 2017. Persistent organic pollutants and mortality in the United States, NHANES 1999-2011. Environmental Health 16. 105. DOI 10.1186/s12940-017-0313-6

Fu JJ, Gao Y, Cui L, Wang T, Liang Y, Qu GB, Yuan B, Wang YW, Zhang AQ, Jiang GB. 2016. Occurrence, temporal trends, and half-lives of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in occupational workers in China. Scientific Reports 6: 38039

Galatius A, Bossi R, Sonne C, Rigét FF, Kinze CC, Lockyer C, Teilmann J, Dietz R (2013). PFAS profiles in three North Sea top predators: metabolic differences among species? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 20(11):8013-20.

Gebbink WA, Glynn A, Darnerud PO, Berger U. Perfluoroalkyl acids and their precursors in Swedish food: The relative importance of direct and indirect dietary exposure. Environ Pollut. 2015 Mar;198:108-15. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.022.

Groffen T, Lopez-Antia A, D'Hollander W, Prinsen E, Eens M, Bervoets L. (2017). Perfluoroalkylated acids in the eggs of great tits (Parus major) near a fluorochemical plant in Flanders, Belgium. Environ Pollut. 228:140-148. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.007.

Health Canada. 2013. Second Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada : Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 2 (2009-2011). Minister of Health, Ottawa, ON. Retrieved March 13, 2018. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html.

Higgins CP, Field JA, Criddle CS, Luthy RG. Quantitative determination of perfluorochemicals in sediments and domestic sludge. Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Jun 1;39(11):3946-56

Kubwabo, C.; Stewart, B.; Zhu, J; Marro, L. Occurrence of perfluorosulfonates and other perfluorochemicals in dust from selected homes in the city of Ottawa, Canada. J. Environ. Monit. 2005, 7, 1074–1078.

Li Y, Fletcher T, Mucs D, Scott K, Lindh CH, Tallving P, Jakobsson K (2018). Half-lives of PFOS, PFHxS and PFOA after end of exposure to contaminated drinking water. Occup Environ Med. 75(1):46-51

Lin AY, Panchangam SC, Lo CC. The impact of semiconductor, electronics and optoelectronic industries on downstream perfluorinated chemical contamination in Taiwanese rivers. Environ Pollut. 2009 Apr;157(4):1365-72.

Lin AY, Panchangam SC, Ciou PS (2010). High levels of perfluorochemicals in Taiwan's wastewater treatment plants and downstream rivers pose great risk to local aquatic ecosystems. Chemosphere. 80(10):1167-74.

Naile JE, Khim JS, Hong S, Park J, Kwon BO, Ryu JS, Hwang JH, Jones PD, Giesy JP. Distributions and bioconcentration characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in environmental samples collected from the west coast of Korea. Chemosphere. 2013 Jan;90(2):387-94.

Noorlander CW, J. van Leeuwen SP, Dirk te Biesebeek J, Mengelers MJB, Zeilmaker MJ (2011). Levels of Perfluorinated Compounds in Food and Dietary Intake of PFOS and PFOA in The Netherlands. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59, 7496–7505

Olsen GW, Lange CC, Ellefson ME, Mair DC, Church TR, Goldberg CL, Herron RM, Medhdizadehkashi Z, Nobiletti JB, Rios JA, Reagen WK, Zobel LR (2012). Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl concentrations in American Red Cross adult blood donors, 2000−2010. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 6330−6338.

Senthilkumar K, Ohi E, Sajwan K, Takasuga T, Kannan K. Perfluorinated compounds in river water, river sediment, market fish, and wildlife samples from Japan. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007 Oct;79(4):427-31.

Senthil Kumar K, Zushi Y, Masunaga S, Gilligan M, Pride C, Sajwan KS. Perfluorinated organic contaminants in sediment and aquatic wildlife, including sharks, from Georgia, USA. Mar Pollut Bull. 2009 Apr;58(4):621-9.

Strynar, M. J.; Lindstrom, A. B. Perfluorinated compounds in house dust from Ohio and North Carolina, USA. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 3751–3756.

Tao, L., Kannan, K., Wong, C.M., Arcaro, K.F., Butenhoff, J.L., 2008a. Perfluorinated compounds in human milk from Massachusetts, U.S.A. Environmental Science and Technology 42, 3096-3101.

Tao, L., Ma, J., Kunisue, T., Libelo, E.L., Tanabe, S., Kannan, K., 2008b. Perfluorinated compounds in human breast milk from several Asian countries, and in infant formula and dairy milk from the United States. Environmental Science and Technology 42, 8597-8602

Tipton JJ, Guillette LJ Jr, Lovelace S, Parrott BB, Rainwater TR, Reiner JL (2017). Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 1: Concentrations in alligators harvested for consumption during South Carolina public hunts. J Environ Sci (China). 61:24-30.

Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Yeung LW, Taniyasu S, Yamazaki E, Wang R, Lam PK, Yamashita N, Dai J. Age- and gender-related accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in captive Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis). Environ Pollut. 2013 Aug;179:61-7.

Wang Y, Fu J, Wang T, Liang Y, Pan Y, Cai Y, Jiang G (2010). Distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate and other perfluorochemicals in the ambient environment around a manufacturing facility in China. Environ Sci Technol.1;44(21):8062-7.

Zafeiraki E, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Leondiadis L, Dassenakis E, Hoogenboom RL, van Leeuwen SP (2016). Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in home and commercially produced chicken eggs from the Netherlands and Greece. Chemosphere.144:2106-12. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.105.

Zafeiraki E, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Leondiadis L, Dassenakis E, Traag W, Hoogenboom RL, van Leeuwen SP (2015). Determination of perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in drinking water from the Netherlands and Greece. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 32(12):2048-57. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1086823

Fraser AJ, Webster TF, Watkins DJ, Nelson JW, Stapleton HM, Calafat AM, Kato K, Shoeib M, Vieira VM, McClean MD (2012). Polyfluorinated Compounds in Serum Linked to Indoor Air in Office Environments. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012; 46: 1209-1215.

Appendix I

Non-exhaustive lists of perfluorohexane sulfonic acid and its related substances (as of 6 July 2017)

Table 1. Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and its related substances (non-exhaustive list)

CAS number Name Structure REACH related information55591-23-6 PFHxS-Cl salt: 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-

tridecafluorohexane-1-sulphonyl chlorideEC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process

67584-48-9 Precursor for PFHxS: N-allyltridecafluorohexanesulphonamide

EC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process

67939-61-1 Precursor for PFHxS: 4-[methyl[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]amino]butyl methacrylate


67969-65-7 Precursor for PFHxS: N-ethyltridecafluoro-N-[2-(phosphonooxy)ethyl]hexanesulphonamide


68239-74-7 Precursor for PFHxS: Tridecafluoro-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-N-methylhexanesulphonamide


68299-21-8 Precursor for PFHxS: Sodium [[[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]amino]methyl]benzenesulphonate


68891-98-5 Precursor for PFHxS: Diaquatetrachloro[μ-[N-ethyl-N-[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]glycinato-O1:O1']]-μ-hydroxybis(propan-2-ol)dichromium


68957-53-9 Precursor for PFHxS: Ethyl N-ethyl-N-[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]glycinate


70225-16-0 Precursor for PFHxS: Tridecafluorohexanesulphonic acid, compound with 2,2'-iminodiethanol (1:1)


70248-52-1 Precursor for PFHxS:Bis[trimethyl-3-[[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]amino]propylammonium] sulphate


73772-33-5 Precursor for PFHxS No information73772-34-6 Precursor for PFHxS No information

CAS number Name Structure REACH related information82382-12-5 PFHxS-Na salt No information68555-70-4 Precursor for PFHxS: Sodium N-ethyl-N-

[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]glycinateEC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process

423-50-7 1-Hexanesulfonyl fluoride, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-

Hazard classification & labelling, C&L Inventory; EC Inventory, Annex III Inventory, Pre-registration process

355-46-4 1-Hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-

EC Inventory, Annex III inventory, Identification of substances of VHC-previous consultation, PACT list of substances, Pre-registration process, Registry of submitted SVHC intentionshttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.005.989https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/40a82ea7-dcd2-5e6f-9bff-6504c7a226c5

3871-99-6 1-Hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, potassium salt (1:1)

EC Inventory, Annex III inventory, PACT list of substances, Pre-registration process, C&L Inventory, Hazard Classification and labellinghttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.021.268

55120-77-9 1-Hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, lithium salt (1:1)

No information

68259-08-5 1-Hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, ammonium salt (1:1)

EC Inventory, Annex III inventory, PACT list of substances, Pre-registration process, C&L Inventory, Hazard Classification and labellinghttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.063.173

https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.063.173






https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/40a82ea7-dcd2-5e6f-9bff-6504c7a226c5






CAS number Name Structure REACH related information41997-13-1 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-

tridecafluoro-No information

1270179-82-2 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N,N-dimethyl-

No information

68259-15-4 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-methyl-

EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.063.178

1427176-17-7 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-methyl-

No information

1270179-93-5 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N,N-diethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-

No information

68555-75-9 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-


34455-03-3 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-


85665-64-1 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-propyl-














CAS number Name Structure REACH related information76848-59-4 Benzene, 1-chloro-4-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-

tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-No information

50598-28-2 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-


68957-61-9 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, hydrochloride (1:1)


1427176-20-2 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-

No information

68957-32-4 Glycine, N-ethyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-


68298-09-9 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(phenylmethyl)-

No information

254889-10-6 Pyridinium, 1-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, inner salt

No information










CAS number Name Structure REACH related information67584-53-6 Glycine, N-ethyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-

tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-, potassium salt (1:1)EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.060.646

68957-58-4 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, iodide (1:1)


52166-82-2 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, chloride (1:1)


85665-66-3 Glycine, N-propyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-, potassium salt (1:1)


68227-98-5 2-Propenoic acid, 4-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]butyl ester


67584-57-0 2-Propenoic acid, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester




















CAS number Name Structure REACH related information67584-61-6 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-

[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester


38850-52-1 1-Propanaminium, 3-[(carboxymethyl)[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt


1893-52-3 2-Propenoic acid, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester


38850-60-1 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 3-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl][(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-


80621-17-6 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 3-[methyl[3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]propyl]amino]-, sodium salt (1:1)


67906-70-1 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester




















CAS number Name Structure REACH related information38850-58-7 1-Propanaminium, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-

dimethyl-3-[(3-sulfopropyl)[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, inner salt


73772-32-4 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 3-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl][(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1)


81190-38-7 1-Propanaminium, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-N,N-dimethyl-, hydroxide, sodium salt (1:1:1)


67939-92-8 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N,N'-[phosphinicobis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)]bis[N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-


93416-31-0 Isoxazolidine, 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-5-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-

No information













CAS number Name Structure REACH related information76848-68-5 1H-Benzimidazolium, 1,3-diethyl-2-methyl-5-

[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1:1)

(Image is of 76848-67-4, related)

No information

68815-72-5 Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-[[[3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]oxy]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-, potassium salt (1:1)


68555-90-8 2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester, polymer with 2-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]methylamino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-pentadecafluoroheptyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate and 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-undecafluoropentyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate

(Image is of 68084-62-8, related)

No information

56372-23-7 Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Î±-[2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(2-(ethyl((1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl)amino)ethyl)-omega-hydroxy-

Pre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.133.708

*111393-39-6 1-Hexanesulfonyl bromide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-

No information







CAS number Name Structure REACH related information89863-64-9 2,4-Pentanedione, 3-[1-(2-furanyl)-2-

[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-

No information

89863-63-8 2,4-Pentanedione, 3-[1-(2-thienyl)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-

No information

89863-56-9 Furan, 2-[1-(nitromethyl)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-

No information

89863-55-8 Thiophene, 2-[1-(nitromethyl)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-

No information

89863-50-3 Benzene, 1-methyl-4-[1-(phenylthio)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-

No information

89863-49-0 Furan, 2-[1-(phenylthio)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-

No information

89863-48-9 Thiophene, 2-[1-(phenylthio)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-

No information

Table 2. Commercially available olefinic esters of PFHxS

CAS number Name Structure REACH related information680187-86-4 Hexane, 1-(ethenylsulfonyl)-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-

tridecafluoro-No information

86525-52-2 Benzene, 1-methoxy-4-[2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethenyl]-

No information

86525-51-1 Benzene, 1-methyl-4-[2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethenyl]-

No information

86525-48-6 Furan, 2-[2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethenyl]-

No information

86525-43-1 Thiophene, 2-[2-[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethenyl]- No information

Table 3. Commercially available aryl esters of PFHxS

CAS number Name Structure REACH related information171561-95-8 Benzene, 1-nitro-4-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-

tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-No information

149652-30-2 Benzene, 1-fluoro-4-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-

No information

147029-28-5 Benzenamine, 4-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-

No information

30295-56-8 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethyloxidoamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-

No information

70900-36-6 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[[[[2-methyl-5-[[[4-[methyl[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino] butoxy]carbonyl]amino]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]oxy]propyl ester


70776-36-2 Polymer based on 67584-57-0 No information

68298-74-8 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[[[[5-[[[2-[ethyl [(tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethoxy]carbonyl]amino]-2-methylphenyl]amino]carbonyl] oxy]propyl ester








Table 4. Polymers containing the n-C6F13SO2- fragment

CAS number Name Structure REACH related information68555-90-8 Polymer based on 67584-57-0 No information





DefinitionPACT list: The Public Activities Coordination Tool (PACT) lists the substances for which a risk management option analysis (RMOA) or an informal hazard assessment for PBT/vPvB (persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic/very persistent and very bioaccumulative) properties or endocrine disruptor properties is either under development or has been completed since the implementation of the SVHC Roadmap commenced in February 20131.

C& L inventory: This database contains classification and labelling information on notified and registered substances received from manufacturers and importers. It also includes the list of harmonised classifications. The database is refreshed regularly with new and updated notifications. However, updated notifications cannot be specifically flagged because the notifications that are classified in the same way are aggregated for display purposes.

Annex III inventory: REACH Annex III criteria are the following:

a) substances predicted (i.e. by the use of QSARs or other evidence) to likely meet criteria for CMR category 1A or 1B or Annex XIII criteria (i.e. PBT and vPvB);

b) substances with dispersive or diffuse use(s) AND predicted to likely meet criteria for any health or environmental hazard classes or differentiations under CLP Regulation. A substance (or any of its constituents, impurities or additives) is on this Annex III inventory, it means that there are indications that either one or both of the Annex III criteria are fulfilled.

In this case full Annex VII information has to be submitted unless there are substantiated reasons to disregard the information provided in the inventory.

Pre-registration: Pre-registration is only for companies planning to register phase-in (existing) substances. After pre-registration, potential registrants of the same substance can find each other's contact details in REACH-IT, so they can get in contact to agree on the sameness of their substance, form a substance information exchange forum (SIEF), share data and submit a registration dossier jointly2.

Registry of intentions: ECHA (at the request of the Commission) or Member States may prepare dossiers for the identification of substances of very high concern (SVHCs) and dossiers proposing restrictions (Annex XV of REACH). Dossiers proposing harmonised classification and labelling of substances may be prepared by MSCAs and manufacturers, importers or downstream users3.

EC inventory: It comprises the following lists:

EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances) as published in O.J. C 146A, 15.6.1990. EINECS is an inventory of substances that were deemed to be on the European Community market between 1 January 1971 and 18 September 1981. EINECS was drawn up by the European Commission in the application of Article 13 of Directive 67/548/EEC, as amended by Directive 79/831/EEC, and in accordance with the detailed provisions of Commission Decision 81/437/EEC. Substances listed in EINECS are considered phase-in substances under the REACH Regulation.

ELINCS (European List of Notified Chemical Substances) in support of Directive 92/32/EEC, the 7th amendment to Directive 67/548/EEC. ELINCS lists those substances which were notified under Directive 67/548/EEC, the Dangerous Substances Directive Notification of New Substances (NONS) that became commercially available after 18 September 1981.

1 https://echa.europa.eu/addressing-chemicals-of-concern/substances-of-potential-concern/pact2 https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/registration/data-sharing/pre-registration3 https://echa.europa.eu/addressing-chemicals-of-concern/registry-of-intentions

https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/registration/data-sharing/pre-registration

https://echa.europa.eu/addressing-chemicals-of-concern/substances-of-potential-concern/pact

NLP (No-Longer Polymers). The definition of polymers was changed in April 1992 by Council Directive 92/32/EEC amending Directive 67/548/EEC, with the result that substances previously considered to be polymers were no longer excluded from regulation. Thus, the No-longer Polymers (NLP) list was drawn up, consisting of such substances that were commercially available between 18 September 1981 and 31 October 19934.

References

Zhao Z, Xie Z, Tang J, Sturm R, Chen Y, Zhang G, Ebinghaus R. (2015) Seasonal variations and spatial distributions of perfluoroalkyl substances in the rivers Elbe and lower Weser and the North Sea. Chemosphere. 129:118-25.

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4 https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/ec-inventory .

https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/ec-inventory

Documents

chm.pops.intchm.pops.int/Portals/0/download.aspx?d=UNEP-POPS-POPRC1… · Web viewEINECS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances) as published in O.J. C 146A,