Upload
others
View
9
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
www.sonomacountywater.org
Kris Loomis CLIA,CID W.A Programs Specialist [email protected]
Choosing the Right Irrigation Equipment, Scheduling and Audit Requirements
MWELO Ordinance Sections Covered
• 492.7 Irrigation Design Plan• 492.10 Irrigation Scheduling• 492.12 Audit, Scheduling and
Analysis• 492.13 Efficiency
492.7 Irrigation Design Plan A to V
Irrigation components and requirements
a) Metersb) Controllersc) PSI Regulators, boosterd) Sensorse) Manual shut off valvesf) Backflow preventiong) Flow sensorsh) Master valvesi) Runoff preventionj) Soil Infiltration ratesk) Hydrozones
l) Minimum efficiencym) ASABE/ICC802-2014n) Operating demands/restrictionso) Mulch = low flowp) Matched precipitation ratesq) Head to head coverager) Swing joints/riser protections) Check valvest) Areas with a dimension <10’u) 24” hardscape setbackv) Slopes and application rates
Landscape Water Meters
• Non-residential • 1000 Sf or greater
• Residential • 5000 Sf or greater
Either provided by waterpurveyor or privately owned
I’m not a meter
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Selection and Installation Considerations
Courtesy of Netafim Irrigation
Choose the correct meter by design flow range & minimal psi loss
Follow manufacturer’s upstream and downstream installation recommendations
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Irrigation Controllers
Must utilize data from either • Evapotranspiration Or• Soil moisture sensing And• Non volatile memory
Courtesy of Hunter Industries
Courtesy of Hunter Industries Courtesy of Rain BirdCourtesy of Weathermatic
Courtesy of Toro / Irritrol
Courtesy of Rachio
Pressure Regulation up or down
If water pressure is below or exceeds the recommended psi of the irrigation devices.Too high or too low?
• Excess psi must be addressed by usingeither a set psi or adjustable regulator
• Low psi can be addressedby installing a booster pump
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Courtesy of Hunter Industries
Sensors
• Rain• Freeze• Wind Must be able to suspend or alter irrigation during unfavorable weather conditions
Courtesy of Hunter Industries
Courtesy of Hunter Industries
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Courtesy of Weathermatic
Courtesy of Toro / Irritro l
Manual Shut-off Valves
Required close to point of connection • Gate• Ball• Butterfly ValveCan you use the valve on your backflow preventer? No!
IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
Backflow Prevention Devices
Refer to applicable local agency code for requirements
Electric anti-siphon
Double Check R.P. Device
Flow Sensors
Have the ability to detect high flow conditions.
• All commercial applications
• Residential over 5000 Sf
• Size by flow range
• Installation considerations
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Master Shut-off Valves
A Love-Hate relationship • Required on all systems*• What they do• Why they do it• Problems they solve• Issues they create• How to get around the issues
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Courtesy of Weathermatic
Courtesy of Hunter Industries
Using a quick coupler can be a challenge with master valves
A remote valve controller may be your new best friend
Courtesy of Hunter Industries
Prevent Runoff
• Run-off• Overspray• Low head drainage• What is a “similar condition”?
Avoid on hardscapes, adjacent property, non irrigated areas, roadways or structures
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Courtesy of Hunter Industries Courtesy of WUCOLS
Soil Type and Infiltration Rates
Soil type dictates:• Water holding capacity • Irrigation frequency
Infiltration rate dictates:• How fast to apply water• Maximum zone run time• Number of cycle start times
Don’t bite off more than you can chew!
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Hydrozones
Hydrozones need to be irrigated according to their unique needs Considerations• Plant type• Plant factor• Soil type• Microclimate• Irrigation method• Precipitation rates
Courtesy of Hunter Industries
Irrigation Efficiency 492.13
System must be designed and installed to meet, at minimum, the irrigation efficiency…regarding the Maximum Applied Water Allowance
Considerations Spray Efficiency ≥ .75 Drip Efficiency ≥ .81Choose quality irrigation products that have:• In-head pressure regulation• Matched precipitation rate nozzles• Larger droplet size• Pressure compensating drip emittersIf audit proves otherwise, improvements should be madeCourtesy of Hunter Industries
Courtesy of Netafim
Efficient vs. Inefficient
Inefficient
Efficient
Inefficient Inefficient
Efficient Efficient
Lack of adequate pressure Excessive system pressure
Larger droplet size
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) / American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers’/International Code Council (ASABE/ICC)
Quality tested products • .65 Distribution Uniformity Lower Quarter (DULQ) or higher • Search ASABE/ICC 802-2014 on manufacturer's website• Less flexibility on equipment choices…that’s a good thing• Limited knowledge about compliant products
Operating Demands / Restrictions
Operating demand considerations • Pressure fluctuations due to demand • Reclaimed water availability
Restrictions • # of days per week limitations• Watering window limitations
Mulch = Low Flow
The use of low volume irrigation is required to maximize water infiltration in the root zone
• Drip irrigation with online emitters
• Drip irrigation with inline emitter tubing
Matched Precipitation Rates
Sprinkler heads and other emission devices
• Sprinklers…stick with one brand nozzle per zone• Drip Irrigation…use appropriate and consistent flow• Inline …use the same flow rate per outlet per zone
0
4
0 0
MPR
360 Degree = 4 GPM 0
1
1
2
0MPR
90 degree = 1 GPM 90 degree = 1 GPM 180 degree = 2 GPM
Consistent Flow is the Key for MPR
Pressure compensating = more consistent flow
Non-Pressure compensating = less consistent flow
Courtesy of Netafim Irrigation
Consistent Grid = Easier Calculations
Calculating precipitation rate and eventually run time can be less complicated when using this method
Courtesy of Netafim Irrigation
Head to Head Coverage
• Goal, to achieve the highest distribution uniformity possible• Even Head to head coverage isn’t perfect • Follow manufacturer’s recommendations
No such thing as 100% DU
Poor coverage
Swing Joints or Other Riser Protection
Courtesy of Hunter Industries
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Courtesy of Hunter Industries
• Static pressure devices need higher psi rated support
• Dynamic pressure devices can use lower psi rated support
• Above ground options
Check Valves / Anti Drain Valves
• Low head drainage• Run-off• Water hammer• Erosion / surface problems• Water loss- guess how much?
Check valves and/or anti drain valves are required where low head drainage may occur. They help prevent
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Courtesy of Hunter Industries Courtesy of WUCOLS
Areas Less than 10’ = No Spray
Irregular shaped areas are generally less efficient and are more susceptible to runoff
Short radius nozzles generally have high precipitation rates of 3” per hour +/- which soil infiltration rates can not match.
Here’s why:
What to do?......
Courtesy of Rain Bird
Areas Less than 10’ = No Spray
What you can do: • Inline emitter tubing
offers a variety of application rates to better match your soil infiltration rates.
• Unusual size areas can be designed in a more efficient way.
• Using a tubing with a built in check valves helps to prevent low head drainage on slopes.
Courtesy of Rain Bird
24” SetbackThese restrictions may be modified if:• The landscape area is
adjacent to permeable surfacing and no runoff occurs.
• The non-permeable surfaces are designed and constructed to drain entirely to landscaping.
• An alternative is specified that must be approved and prevent runoff. Confirmed in audit.
• No overhead irrigation within 24” of any non-permeable surface.
• May include drip, dripline, or other low flow non-spray technology.
• Can be planted or not planted.
• May be mulch, gravel, or other porous material.
Slopes Greater than 25% = Low Application Rate
Courtesy of Netafim Irrigation
Precipitation rate too high
Precipitation rate ok
Study manufacturer design guidelines for your soil type. Consider:• Emitter flow • Emitter spacing • Lateral spacing• Slope
Precipitation rate cannot exceed .75 inches per hour
Courtesy of Netafim Irrigation
Irrigation scheduling 492.10Schedules shall be developed, managed, and evaluated to utilize the minimum amount of water required to maintain plant health.
Irrigation schedules shall meet the following criteria:
1. Must have automatic irrigation controller.2. Overhead irrigation only between 8:00 pm and 10:00* (unless
weather prevents it) .3. Scheduling should meet ETWU without exceeding MAWA. 4. Continued………..
Irrigation SchedulingIrrigation schedules shall meet the following criteria:
4. Parameters used to set controller shall be developed and submitted for each of the following:
A. Plant establishment period
B. The established landscape
C. Temporarily irrigated areas
Irrigation Scheduling 5. Each irrigation schedule shall consider for each station
all of the following that apply:A. IntervalsB. Run timesC. CyclesD. Amount applied monthlyE. Application rate (PR)F. Root depthG. Plant type H. Soil typeI. Slope factor settingJ. Shade factor settingK. Irrigation uniformity or efficiency setting
Irrigation Scheduling
All things considered:Plant factor, density, microclimate, efficiency, soil type and slope.
How long do you irrigate for ?
Eto(week) x 60 Or What you need x 60PR What you have
Learning how to calculate irrigation run times requires thought, time, a calculator and training.
Irrigation Audit, Irrigation Survey, & Irrigation Water Use Analysis 492.12
a) All irrigation audits must be done by a local agency irrigation auditor or a third party certified landscape irrigation auditor.*
b) In large projects with multiple installations 1 in 7 lots or approximately 15% will satisfy the requirement.
c) For new construction and rehabilitated landscape projects installed after December 1, 2015
1) An irrigation audit report must be completed and turned in with Certificate of Completion that may include but is not limited to:
• Inspection• System tune-up• System test w/ Distribution uniformity• Reporting overspray or runoff• Preparation of an irrigation schedule
Irrigation Audit, Irrigation Survey, & Irrigation Water Use Analysis 492.12
C 1) Continued…• Configuring irrigation controller considering the following:
• Precipitation rate
• Soil types
• Plant factors
• Slope
• Exposure
• Any other factors*
Irrigation Audit, Irrigation Survey, & Irrigation Water Use Analysis 492.12
2) The local agency shall administer programs that may include, but not be limited to:
• Irrigation water use analysis• “irrigation water use analysis” means an analysis of water use data based
on meter readings and billing data.
• Irrigation audits• “irrigation audit” means an in-depth evaluation of the performance of an
irrigation system conducted by a Certified Landscape Irrigation Auditor. An irrigation audit includes, but is not limited to: inspection, system tune-up, system test with distribution uniformity or emission uniformity, reporting overspray or runoff that causes overland flow, and preparation of an irrigation schedule. The audit must be conducted in a manner consistent with the Irrigation Association's Landscape Irrigation Auditor Certification program or other U.S. Environmental Protection Agency “Watersense” labeled auditing program.
• Irrigation surveys for compliance with the MAWA• “irrigation survey” means an evaluation of an irrigation system that is less
detailed than an irrigation audit. An irrigation survey includes, but is not limited to: inspection, system test, and written recommendations to improve performance of the irrigation system.
Irrigation Efficiency
a) For the purpose of determining Estimated Total Water Used, average efficiency is assumed to be 0.75 for overhead spray devices and 0.81 for drip system devices.
No such thing as 100% DU
The spray assumption of 0.75 or 75% efficient means that it is estimated that 75% of the water applied landed evenly across the intended irrigated area.
The drip assumption of 0.81 or 81% efficient means that it is estimated that 81% of the water applied landed evenly across the intended irrigated area.
www.sonomacountywater.org
Choosing the Right Irrigation Equipment, Scheduling and Audit Requirements
• Kris Loomis CLIA,CID W.A Programs Specialist II