Chp 1 – Introduction to Computer

Section 1-3

A World of Computers

What is computer literacy (digital literacy)?

p. 4-5 Fig. 1-1 Next

Current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses

What is a Computer?•An electronic device, operating under the

control of instructions stored in its own memory.

Produces and stores results

Processes data into informationConveys meaning and isuseful to people

Accepts dataCollection of unprocessed items

What is the Information Processing Cycle?

•Input•Process•Output•Storage Activities

The Component of a Computer

•Hardware is the electric, electronic, and mechanical components

•The components includes:▫Input devices▫Output devices▫System unit▫Storage device▫Communication devices

Input Devices

• Hardware use to enter data and instruction into a computer

Five widely used Input Devices are:

▫Keyboard (contains keys you press to enter data into a computer)

▫Mouse (allows you to control movement of the pointer and make selection)

▫Microphone (allows you to speak into the computer)

▫Web cam (digital video camera that allow you to create movies or take pictures and store them on the computer.)

▫Scanner (converts printed material into a form the computer can use)

Output Devices

•Any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people.

Three Commonly Used Output Devices

▫Printer (produce text and graphics on a physical medium, paper)

▫Monitor (displays text, graphics and videos on a screen)

▫Speaker (allow you to hear music, voice and other audio-sound)

System Unit

•A case that contain the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data▫Circuitry of the system unit is part of or is

connected to a circuit board called the motherboard

What are two main components on the motherboard?

ProcessorAlso called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer

MemoryConsists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions

Storage

•Hold data, instructions and information for future use.▫Storage Media - where computer keeps

data, instruction and information▫Storage Device – records (writes) and/or

retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media

Examples of Storage Media

•USB flash drive ▫portable storage device▫Small and lightweight ▫Can hold four billion characters

•Hard Disk▫Holds more that 320 billion characters ▫Enclosed in an airtight, sealed case▫Two types (portable and house inside the

system unit)

Examples of Storage Media

• Optical Disc – flat, round, portable metal disc with a plastic coating▫ Three types of Optical Disc

CD’s – holds from 650 million to 1 billion character

DVD – can store two full length movies or 17 billion characters

Blue Ray Discs – 46 hours of standard video, 100 billion characters

Examples of Storage Media

• Memory Cards – used in mobile devices such as digital cameras

Communication Devices

•Enables a computer to send and receive data, instruction and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

•Most widely use communication device-Modem

•Occurs over cable, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media

Advantages of Using Computer

Storage Communications

Speed Reliability Consistency

Disadvantages of Using Computers

•Health Risks▫Computer Addiction▫Technology Overload

•Violation of Privacy•Public Safety •Impact on Labor Force•Impact on Environment

Some Solutions

• Green Computing – reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer

•Recycling, regulating manufacturing process, properly disposing of replaced components, extending the life of computers

Network

•Collection of computer and devices connected to together via communication devices and transmission media

•Allow the computer to share resources•Save time and money•World largest computer Network -

Internet

Network and Internet

• A server controls access to resources on a network

• Clients, or workstations, request resources from the server

What is a server?

Internet

•Worldwide collection of network that connects million of business, government agencies, education institution and individual

•The Web is the most popular service on the Internet

Networks and the Internet

What is the Web?

p. 12 - 14

Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet

A Web site is a collection of

related Web pages

A Web site is a collection of

related Web pages

A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to

other Web pages

A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to

other Web pages

You can share information on a social

networking Web site or a photo sharing

community

You can share information on a social

networking Web site or a photo sharing

community

A blog consists of time-stamped articles in

a journal format

A blog consists of time-stamped articles in

a journal format

A podcast is recorded audio

stored on a Web sitethat can be

downloaded

A podcast is recorded audio

stored on a Web sitethat can be

downloaded

Websites

•Social Networking Web sites – encourage members to share their interest, ideas, stories with other register users

•Web Application – allows user to access and interact with software from any computer or device connect to the Internet

Software Development

• Programmer (computer programmer or developer)▫ Someone who develops software or

writes the instruction that directs the computer to process data into information

▫ Popular programmer languages C++, Java, Javascript, Visual C#

and Visual Basics

JavaScript

Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computer

what to do and how to do it

Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computer

what to do and how to do it

Computer Software

What is software?

p. 15

Also called aprogram

Also called aprogram

Computer Software

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

p. 15 Fig. 1-10

Allows you to interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons

Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information

Computer Software

What is system software?

p. 15-16

Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices

Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices

Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices

Computer Software

What is application software?

p. 16 Fig. 1-11

Presentation Graphics

Spreadsheet

Database

Word Processing

Programs designed to make users more productive

Categories of Computers

•Personal•Mobile Computers and Mobile Device•Game Consoles•Serves•Mainframes•Supercomputers•Embedded computers

Personal Computers

•Can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself

•Two Popular Architectures (makers) of Personal Computer▫PC (personal computer based on a IBM

company) Dell, Hp, and Toshia Window OS

▫Apple (Macintosh OS)

Two Types of Personal Computers

•Desktop•Notebook

Desktop Computers

•Fits entirely on or under the desk or table▫Can function as a server▫Target a specific audience

Gaming desktop Home theater

▫Workstation – powerful desktop computer Geared for work that requires intense

calculations and graphics capabilities