Upload
pradeep-tiwari
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
1/19
Chapter 9Chapter 9Supporting I/O Devices
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
2/19
Slide 2Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
ObjectivesObjectives
How to use standard resources on a computer system when installing add-on devices
How to resolve resource conflicts
How to install a new device on a computer
About keyboards, pointing devices and video subsystems
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
3/19
Slide 3Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Peripheral Installation OverviewPeripheral Installation Overview
Installing a
Peripheral
Install the device(learn about the driver:
Is the driver for your OS?
Lastest driver available?
Install the Driver(Check the Device
Manager after Installation)
Install the
Application Software(that comes with the
device)
1
2
3
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
4/19
Slide 4Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Device DriversDevice Drivers (page 451(page 451--453)453)
2 Types of Drivers: 16-bits and 32-bitsCharacteristics 16-bits Driver 32-bit Driver
Operating Mode Real Mode Protected Mode
User of Memory Use conventional memory
May use upper memory
Stored in extended memory
How loaded Loaded by a command line inconfig.sys or autoexec.bat Automatically loaded by Win9x atstartup or when the device isused
How changed Edit the config.sys orautoexec.bat
From Device Manager, select thedevice and use Properties, Drivertab
How to identify
the type
In Device Manager, look for an
exclamation point beside thedevice name
Look for no exclamation point
beside the device name in DeviceManager. Typically 32 isincluded in the driver name.
When to use thistype
Use 16-bit driver underWindows only when 32-bitdriver is not available.
When operating in DOS
Use 32-bit driver, they arefaster
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
5/19
Slide 5Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Serial PortsSerial Ports
What is the SerialPort use for?Use to connect Serial devices eg mouse,
modem. It convert PCs Parallel signal toserial and vice versa.
What is the Port also known as?
RS-232 port (RS-232C - standard)
How many ports are normally found in aPC?
2
What types of connector is found onthe PC?
Male D-connectors. 9-pin and 25-pin.
How can you disable a serial port?In BIOS
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
6/19
Slide 6Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Null Modem Cable ConnectionNull Modem Cable Connection
What is purpose of aN
ull ModemCable?
To connect your PC to another nearbyPC. Useful for file transfers
Which ports are being used?
The serial port in eachP
C.
What need to be Setup before bothPCscan be connected?
1. Direct Cable Connection
Control panel
Add/Remove program
Windows Setup
Communication
2. Install MicrosoftNetBUEIprotocol
Network Neighborhood
Properties
Add Protocol
3. Enable File and Printer Sharing Network Neighborhood
Properties
File and Print Sharing
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
7/19
Slide 7Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Infrared TransmissionInfrared Transmission
How is infrared radiation use inPC?Commonly implemented in Keyboard,
Mouse and Printer.
How is it supported?
Computers and other devices (such as
printers) come with IrDA ports. Thisenables you to transfer data from onedevice to another without any cables.
Example?
If both your laptop computer andprinter have IrDA ports, you can simply
put your computer in front of theprinter and output a document, withoutneeding to connect the 2 with a cable.
Is the transmission it fast?IrDA ports support roughly the sametransmission rates as traditionalparallel ports.
What is the limitation?
The 2 devices must be within a few feetof each other and there must be a clearline of sight between them.
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
8/19
Slide 8Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Parallel Port
What isParallel
Port used for?Connecting external devices eg printer
that requires relatively high band width
What are the 3 types of Parallel port?
1. Standard Parallel Port
2. EnhancedParallel
Port (E
PP)
3. Extended Capabilities Port (ECP).
What is SPP?
Support 1 direction flow of data, fromPC to printer. Use for printer, plotters,
etc. Currently, use for older printers.Maximum cable length is 15m.
What is SPP standard also known as?
Centronics
What is EPP
?Supports bi-directional communicationbetween the PC and attached devices.About 10 times faster than the olderCentronics standard. The standard ismerged in IEEE 1284.
DB25-pin Connector
(PC end)
36-pin Centronics
Connector(printer end)
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
9/19
Slide 9Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Parallel PortParallel Port ECP/IEEE 1284ECP/IEEE 1284
What is ECP?Supports bi-directional communication
between PC and printers.
What is IEEE 1284?
Supports SPP, EPP and ECP. Provide highspeed bi-directional communication upto 50 100x the original parallel port.
What is required to supports IEEE1284?
IEEE 1824 cable, printer must supportECP/EPP.
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
10/19
Slide 10Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Universal Serial BusUniversal Serial Bus
What type of data transfer is it goodfor?
Goof for asynchronous data, ie dataare transferred in Packets
What is the advantages?
Support 127 equipments yet sharingonly 1 set of System Resources. Itsupport Hot-swappable.
What is the current version?
Version 1 supports up to 12Mbps. USBVersion 2 supports up to 480Mbps
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
11/19
Slide 11Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
IEEE 1394 PortIEEE 1394 Port
What is 1394 commonly known as?Firewire. In fact it is a Serial SCSI.
What type of data transfer is it goodfor?Fast, contiguous data transfer. Goodfor real-time transmission eg TV, video
Example of 1 application for Firewire?Digital Video Recorder
What types of connectors does it use?1. 4-pins and 6-pins (2 pins used for
voltage and ground)
Does Firewire support hot-pluggable?Yes. Device can be plugged into andremove without rebooting
What other advantages it has?Use only 1 set of System Resources andsupport 67 devices
What is the current standard?
Supports up to 400Mbps and cable upto 4.5m. In future, supports up to3.2gbps and cable up to 100m
What should you do if the PC does nothave the IEEE 1384 connector?
By a IEEE 1394 host adapter
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
12/19
Slide 12Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Keyboard and MouseKeyboard and Mouse
What are the types of keyboard andmouse available?
Serial
PS/2
USB
Wireless
What is the difference between serialkeyboard and mouse connector?
Serial keyboard uses 5-pin DIN. Serialmouse uses 9-pin D-connector(commonly used) or 25-pin D-connector.
What is the difference betweenP
S/2keyboard and mouse connector?
Same type of connector.
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
13/19
Slide 13Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
MonitorMonitor Sreen Size/Refresh RateSreen Size/Refresh Rate
What is Screen Size?The diagonal width of the monitor.Measured in inches. The most popularsizes for monitors are 14", 15", 17", 20"and 21".
What is Viewable size of monitor?
This is the actual size of the screenthat is viewable. It is less than theScreen Size. Eg. 17 monitor probablyhas a viewable screen of 15.8
What is Screen Refresh?
To maintain a stable image, the electronbeam must sweep the entire surface ofthe screen and then return to redrawit, many times per second.
What is Refresh Rate?The number of time it refresh fromLeft to Right and Top to Bottom isknown as Refresh Rate.
What is the problem with slow RefreshRate?
Screen Flicker. Most individuals notice flicker at
refresh rates below 60 Hz. Many individuals have a problem
with flicker at 60 Hz. Some individuals see flicker at
refresh rates above 60 but below
72 Hz. A small percentage of individuals
notice flicker at 72 Hz. Very few people notice flicker at
refresh rates above 72 Hz
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
14/19
Slide 14Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
MonitorMonitor -- InterlacedInterlaced
What is Interlaced?Redisplaying every line of the screen,when in an interlaced mode the electronguns sweep alternate lines on each pass.So the first pass, odd-numbered linesare refreshed, and the next pass, even-numbered lines, and so on.
What use Interlaced?
Enable the monitor and VGA card tosupport higher Refresh Rate than theypossibly could. Less Flicker.
Allows the refresh rate to be "doubled"
because only half the screen is redrawnat a time.
What make up an Image?Pixel
What is Pixel?
Horizontal and Vertical combination of3 colored dots: Red, Green, Blue
What is Dot Pitch?
Distance between adjacent colored dotson the screen. The smaller it is thesharper the display, eg 0.24 is sharperthan 0.28
What is Resolution?
The number of pixels that can bedisplayed on the screen at one time isnormally. Measured in Dot per inch (dpi)
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
15/19
Slide 15Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
MonitorMonitor Flat PanelFlat Panel
Characteristics Thinner
Consume less power
Dont emit radiation
Digital
Types Active matrix
TFT (thin flim transistor)
sharper image, more expansiveDual-scan passive matrix
Signals Can receive both Analog and Digital signal
Requires
Digital Signal
Converts back
to Digital
Digital Data
Converts to
Analog
(RAMDAC)
Analog signal
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
16/19
Slide 16Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
What can you find the CRT?Inside the Monitor
Should you attempt to repair aMonitor?
No. Leave it to Trained Technician.
Why you should not Earth yourselfwhen working inside the monitor?
The high static charges may dischargethrough you. You body has much lowerpotential (voltage) compared to themonitor.
Where can you find the highest tensionarea in the monitor?
Anode. As high as 25,000 volts. Chargescan remains for weeks.
How can you discharged the Anode?Put the Screw driver blade into thesuction cap to discharge it. Repeatafter 15 mins
Discharging
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
17/19
Slide 17Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Video CardsVideo Cards (page494(page494--500)500)Known as Video controller card, graphics card, graphics adapters, display card
Interface between monitor and the PCBuying a card?
Bus it used and the amount of Video ram it has (or supported)
Digital signals get converted to Analog signal used by monitor
PCI Connector
RAM-DAC
Digital data goes from
system bus to Video chip1
Video RAM
2 3Video chip writes digital
data to video memory
Video chip set
Data in Video RAM
is passed to RAMDAC
for conversion to
Analog signal
RAM DAC
passes
Analog data
to Monitor
4
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
18/19
Slide 18Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Video RAMVideo RAM
What is Video RAM?
Special-purpose memory used by videoadapters.
How is different from normal RAM?
1. Can be accessed by 2 differentdevices simultaneously. This allowthe RAMDAC to access the VRAMfor screen updates at the sametime that the video processorprovides new data.
2. VRAM yields better graphics
performance but is more expensivethan normal RAM.
What are the other types of RAMused?
EDO RAM Extended Data Out RAM
SGRAM Synchronous Graphics RAM
WRAM Windows RAM
MDRAM multi-bank RAM
How does it affect the PC?
The amount of VRAM is a determiningfactor in the resolution and color depthof the display. VRAM is also used tohold graphics-specific information suchas 3-D geometry data and texture
maps.
8/9/2019 Chpt9a Supporting IO Devices
19/19
Slide 19Ver 1.0 5 May 2001
Video RAM RequiredVideo RAM Required
VideoResolution
16 colors
(4-bit)
256 colors
(8-bit)
65,000color
(16-bit)
16.7 millioncolor
(24-bitTrue)
32-bit color
640 X 480 256K 512K 1MB 1MB 2MB
800 X 600 512K 512K 1MB 2MB 2MB
1,024 X 768 1MB 1MB 2MB 4MB 4MB