CHRISTIAN HISTORY CHRISTIAN HISTORY MADE EASYMADE EASY

Chapter SevenChapter Seven

““Everything Falls Apart”Everything Falls Apart”

© 2003 Timothy Paul Jones© 2003 Timothy Paul Joneshttp://www.timothypauljones.comhttp://www.timothypauljones.com

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1. The Babylonian Captivity1. The Babylonian Captivity

In 1302In 1302, , Pope Boniface VIII declared, in the Pope Boniface VIII declared, in the bull bull Unam Sanctum,Unam Sanctum, that … that …

““The true faith compels us to believe that The true faith compels us to believe that there is one holy, universal, apostolic there is one holy, universal, apostolic

church. Outside of her there is no church. Outside of her there is no salvation. Both swords—the spiritual and salvation. Both swords—the spiritual and the temporal—are in the church’s power.”the temporal—are in the church’s power.”

1. The Babylonian Captivity1. The Babylonian Captivity

The death of Pope The death of Pope Boniface VIII Boniface VIII marked the end of marked the end of the pope’s political the pope’s political supremacy in supremacy in Europe.Europe.

The popes moved The popes moved from Rome, Italy, to from Rome, Italy, to Avignon, France.Avignon, France.

ROME

AVIGNON

1. The Babylonian Captivity1. The Babylonian Captivity

The popes The popes remained in remained in Avignon for 72 Avignon for 72 years, and the years, and the church became church became increasingly increasingly corrupt.corrupt.

This era became This era became known as “the known as “the Babylonian Babylonian Captivity of the Captivity of the papacy.”papacy.”

AVIGNON

ROME

2. The Black Plague2. The Black Plague

In 1347, a rat with a In 1347, a rat with a disease-laden flea disease-laden flea disembarked from disembarked from a cargo ship in a cargo ship in Europe.Europe.

This led to the This led to the bubonic plague.bubonic plague.

The worst part of The worst part of the plague lasted the plague lasted four years.four years.

3. The Great Papal Schism3. The Great Papal Schism

In 1377, the pope returned to Rome.In 1377, the pope returned to Rome. When the pope refused to support When the pope refused to support

the French cardinals, the French the French cardinals, the French cardinals declared a new pope in cardinals declared a new pope in Avignon.Avignon.

3. The Great Papal Schism3. The Great Papal Schism

In 1409, the Council of Pisa deposed In 1409, the Council of Pisa deposed both popes and elected a new bishop both popes and elected a new bishop of Rome—but the two previous of Rome—but the two previous popes refused to step down.popes refused to step down.

4. John Wycliffe4. John Wycliffe

Wycliffe was a Wycliffe was a priest and priest and philosophy philosophy professor at professor at Oxford University.Oxford University.

Wycliffe and his Wycliffe and his “Lollards” “Lollards” translated the New translated the New Testament from Testament from the Latin Vulgate the Latin Vulgate into ordinary into ordinary English.English.

4. John Wycliffe4. John Wycliffe

Twice, the archbishop Twice, the archbishop of England tried to try of England tried to try Wycliffe for heresy.Wycliffe for heresy.

Both times, natural Both times, natural disasters prevented disasters prevented the trials.the trials.

Wycliffe died in 1384, Wycliffe died in 1384, in good standing with in good standing with the Roman Catholic the Roman Catholic Church.Church.

The Council of Constance …The Council of Constance …– 1. Condemned Jan Hus, a Bohemian 1. Condemned Jan Hus, a Bohemian

follower of John Wycliffe, as a heretic.follower of John Wycliffe, as a heretic.– 2. Had John Wycliffe’s bones unearthed 2. Had John Wycliffe’s bones unearthed

and burned.and burned.– 3. Deposed all persons claiming to be 3. Deposed all persons claiming to be

the pope and elected a new pope.the pope and elected a new pope.

5. The Council of Constance5. The Council of Constance

6. The Hundred Years’ War6. The Hundred Years’ War

In 1337, the king of England had claimed he In 1337, the king of England had claimed he was also—by divine rights—the king of France.was also—by divine rights—the king of France.

War between France and England continued for War between France and England continued for 116 years.116 years.

The Battle of Agincourt, depicted in The Battle of Agincourt, depicted in Henry V,Henry V, was one major conflict.was one major conflict.

6. The Hundred Years’ War6. The Hundred Years’ War

The most famous The most famous military leader in the military leader in the Hundred Years’ War Hundred Years’ War was a French peasant was a French peasant girl, Joan of Arc.girl, Joan of Arc.

In 1430, the English In 1430, the English captured Joan and captured Joan and tried her for heresy, tried her for heresy, partly to disprove her partly to disprove her claims that God was on claims that God was on France’s side.France’s side.

7. The Renaissance7. The Renaissance

Key causes …Key causes …1. The fall of 1. The fall of Constantinople to Constantinople to the Ottoman the Ottoman “Turks” in 1453“Turks” in 14532. Johannes 2. Johannes Gutenberg’s Gutenberg’s invention of the invention of the movable-metal-movable-metal-type printing presstype printing press

In 1453, with the fall In 1453, with the fall of Constantinople to of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, the Ottoman Turks, the Eastern Roman the Eastern Roman Empire ends.Empire ends.

7. The Renaissance7. The Renaissance

Key effects …Key effects …

1. A return to ancient written sources 1. A return to ancient written sources

““Ad fontes!”Ad fontes!”

2. An emphasis on ancient artistic 2. An emphasis on ancient artistic styles and formsstyles and forms

3. A movement from 3. A movement from Scholasticism Scholasticism to to humanismhumanism

7. The Renaissance7. The Renaissance

Key person …Key person …

ERASMUSERASMUS

1. Compiled the 1. Compiled the Textus Receptus Textus Receptus Greek New Greek New TestamentTestament

2. Criticized 2. Criticized corruption in the corruption in the churches.churches.

Before next meeting …Before next meeting …

Watch one of the following movies …Watch one of the following movies …– The Agony and the EcstasyThe Agony and the Ecstasy– Henry VHenry V– Joan of Arc Joan of Arc or or The MessengerThe Messenger