Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]

Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]

First Encounter

• 1492 Columbus sails the ocean blue.

• Looking for India he lands on what is now called the West Indies in Caribbean.

• Raped and pillaged the islands. Taking all resources back to Spain.

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

European ExplorationsEuropean ExplorationsEuropean ExplorationsEuropean Explorations

Hernan Hernan CortesCortesHernan Hernan CortesCortes

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

Moctezuma Moctezuma IIII

Moctezuma Moctezuma IIII

vsvs..

vsvs..

Cortes vs. Moctezuma• Hernan Cortes lands in Mexico

1519 with 600 men and 16 horses.

• Makes alliances with the natives who were unhappy with Aztec Rulers

• Attacks the city of Tenochititlan

• Is defeated by Montezuma and retreats

Tenochtitlan

Cortes vs. Moctezuma• News spreads that Montezuma

is killed in battle.

• Cortes regroups and attacks again in 1521 taking over the magnificent city. That today is Mexico City.

• Cortes inspires other Conquistadors in South America.

Tlaxcalan

The Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma IIThe Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma II

Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortesCortes

Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortesCortes

PizarroPizarroPizarroPizarro

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The IncasThe Incas

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The IncasThe Incas

AtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpa

vsvs..

vsvs..

Pizarroo vs. Atahualpa• Fransico Pizarroo with help from

the natives took control of Peru.

• Atahualpa (new leader) was told to give over his empire and to accept Christianity.

• Atahualpa refused and was held for ransom.

• Ransom was paid and Atalhualpa was killed

•

How Did They Do It?• Military Technology (Muskets,

Cannons, and armor)

• Horses that freighted the natives.

• Division amongst the Indians.

• European disease statistic – Native population dropped 90% from 50 million to 4 million

Spanish Treatment of Cubans

VICEROYS

• Officials appointed to rule in The Americas

• Directed by the King of Spain

Bartolome de Las Casas• A priest who sought

to protect the Native Americans from European abuses

• Recommendation: replace American laborers with imported African slaves

• See page 80

The Colombian Exchange• The trade of goods between the

New World (The Americas) and the Old World (Europe & Africa)

• Bad things also were exchanged between the East and West.

• Diseases like small pox, measles, and influenza came to America and killed along with war 95% of natives.

The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”

The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange” Olive

Oil Birds

Peppers Black Pepper

Chicken

Donkey Turnips

Cabbage

Lettuce

Rabbit Cotton Rat

Olives Coffee Bean

Banana Rice

Onion Turnip Honeybee

Barley

Grape Peach Sugar Cane

Oats

Citrus Fruits

Pear Wheat Horse

Cattle Sheep Pigs

The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”

The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”

Squash Avocado

Peppers

Sweet Potatoes

Turkey

Pumpkin

Tobacco

Strawberry

Cocoa Pineapple

Cassava

Potato

Peanut

Tomato

Vanilla

Corn

Chocolate Birds (Fowl)

Honey Bee

Bear

Sunflowers

Alpaca Honeybee

Bison

Papaya Guinea Pig Muscles Lama Chilies Shrimp Crabs

Pecan

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade

Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization

Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization

Explorers Conquistadores

Mission

arie

s

PermanentSettlers

OfficialEuropeanColony!

Slave ShipSlave ShipSlave ShipSlave Ship

““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck

““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck

African CaptivesAfrican CaptivesThrown OverboardThrown OverboardAfrican CaptivesAfrican Captives

Thrown OverboardThrown Overboard

Slaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar MillSlaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar Mill

Sacrifice of the First-Sacrifice of the First-BornBorn

by Theodore de Bryby Theodore de Bry

Sacrifice of the First-Sacrifice of the First-BornBorn

by Theodore de Bryby Theodore de Bry

MercantilismMercantilismMercantilismMercantilismThe economy and trade

are essential to the health and safety of the nation.

1.Get as much gold and silveras you can.

2.Establish a favorable balance of trade.

3.Get colonies.

TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!

TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!

The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem

The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem

PeninsularPeninsulareses

PeninsularPeninsulareses CreolesCreolesCreolesCreoles

MestizoMestizoss

MestizoMestizoss

MulattMulattosos

MulattMulattosos

Native IndiansNative IndiansNative IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack SlavesBlack SlavesBlack Slaves

The Influence of the The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Colonial Catholic

ChurchChurch

The Influence of the The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Colonial Catholic

ChurchChurch

Guadalajara Guadalajara CathedralCathedral

Guadalajara Guadalajara CathedralCathedral

Our Lady of Our Lady of GuadalupeGuadalupe

Our Lady of Our Lady of GuadalupeGuadalupe

Spanish Spanish MissionMission Spanish Spanish MissionMission

The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &

The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation

The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &

The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation

Father Bartolomé de Father Bartolomé de Las CasasLas Casas

Father Bartolomé de Father Bartolomé de Las CasasLas Casas

New Laws --> 1542New Laws --> 1542

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas