Chronology: United States Relations with South Africa

8/9/2019 Chronology: United States Relations with South Africa

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JDUH

Ulh Glrdjdidfy tlkt `diidws as pkrt d`k waehr wdrb tatihe Xjathe Wtkths _hiktadjs watl

Wdutl K`ragk= @rdn tlh Gdidjaki Shrade td tlh Srhshjtoy Q. F-N. Iuikt.

Ndrh aj`drnktadj kodut tlas wdrb gkjoh kgghsshe vak tlas iajb=

lttp=//oat.iy/skoddb

Gdpyraflt ?33< oy Shthr Ikjf Suoiaslajf Frdup.

Kii raflts rhshrvhe.Ulas edgunhjt, hatlhr aj wldih dr aj pkrt, nky JDU oh gdpahe, rhprdeughe,rhpuoiaslhe, upidkehe, pdsthe, trkjsnatthe, dr eastraouthe aj kjy wky, hxghpt tlktydu nky edwjidke djh gdpy d` at dj kjy sajfih gdnputhr `dr ydur phrsdjki, jdj-

gdnnhrgaki ldnh ush djiy, prdvaehe ydu bhhp ajtkgt tlas gdpyraflt jdtagh.

Glrdjdidfy

Ohgkush d` tlh waeh thnpdrki thrrkaj tlas wdrb lks sduflt td gdvhr, tlas glrdjdidfy as ohajf

prdvaehe td shrvh ks k ushùi gdjehjsktadj d` tlh nkmdr tlhnhs hxpidrhe aj tlh thxt. Vlaih kiiglrdjdidfahs krh jhghsskraiy shihgtavh, kj h``drt lks ohhj nkeh td ajgiueh bhy ehthrnajktavh hvhjtstlkt lkvh slkphe tlh lastdragki trkmhgtdrahs d` tlh Xjathe Wtkths kje Wdutl K`ragk kje tlhargdjshquhjt ajìuhjgh dj rhiktadjs watl, kje phrghptadjs d`, hkgl dtlhrodtl kt tlh fdvhrjnhjtki ihvhi,kje kt tlh ihvhi d` gavai sdgahty. Ulhrh krh twd pkrts td tlas glrdjdidfy, d` wlagl tlh shgdje asehvdthe hxgiusavhiy td gdrh kpkrtlhae ihfasiktadj (ajgiueajf tlkt `rdn tlh prh-kpkrtlhae hrk). Jdth=@dr k mustaàgktadj `dr sdnh d` tlh athns aj tlh hkriahr pkrt d` tlas glrdjdidfy shh Kpphjeax A2 kjejdt kii athns aj tlas glrdjdidfy krh jhghsskraiy nhjtadjhe kfkaj aj tlh thxt.
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xxxaa | Glrdjdidfy

SK_U DJH

Ulh Ohfajjajfs

03,333 OGH= Kpprdxankth ekth d` tlh hkriahst krravki d` Ldnd skpahjs ajtd Jdrtl Knhragk (tlas ekth as jdtkgghpthe oy kii krglhdidfasts, ldwhvhr).

83,333 OGH=Kpprdxankth ekth d` tlh hkriahst hxasthjgh d` Ldnd skpahjsaj Wdutlhrj K`ragk, okshe dj gurrhjthvaehjgh.

;5,333 OGH=Kpprdxankth ekth d` tlh hkriahst hxasthjgh d` tlh Bldhjk, okshe dj gurrhjt hvaehjgh.833 OGH=Kpprdxankth ekth d` tlh hkriahst hxasthjgh d` slhhp kje gkttih lhreajf, okshe dj gurrhjt hvaehjgh.733 GH=Kpprdxankth ekth d` tlh hkriahst hxasthjgh d Ardj Kfh shttihnhjts sdutl d tlh Ianpdpd _avhr, okshedj gurrhjt hvaehjgh.

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Glrdjdidfy | xxxaaa

;808=Ulh àrst phrnkjhjt Hurdphkj shttihnhjt as hstkoiaslhe aj jdrtlhksthrj @idraek oy tlh Wpkjasl ujehr tlhihkehrslap d` Sherd Nhjjehz eh Kvais, kt Wt. Kufustajh (nkbajf at, `rdn tlh phrsphgtavh d` tlh prhshjt, tlhdiehst gdjtajudusiy shttihe gaty aj tlh Xjathe Wtkths). Aj tlh prdghss tlhy hnordai tlhnshivhs aj kj krnherhiafadus gdjìagt watl @rhjgl Lufuhjdtswld krh kisd hjfkfhe aj h``drts td hstkoiasl k Hurdphkj gdidjakiprhshjgh aj @idraektlkt lks ats drafajs aj Hurdph (Lufuhjdt Vkrs). Ulhy wduie sddj nkjkfh td kjjalaikthtlhar gdidjaki ravkis.;

;863=Ulh Mhsuats ktthnpt td sht up k nassadj stktadj up jdrtl kndjf tlh Basbakgbs aj tlh Glhskphkbh Oky krhk2ldwhvhr, tlhy krh kii baiihe. Aj rhtkiaktadj, tlh Wpkjasl rhturj twd yhkrs ikthr td kttkgb tlh Basbakgbs, baiiajf nkjy,out tlhy favh up kjy aehk d` shttiajf tlh rhfadj. At as ih`t td tlh Hjfiasl td `diidw tlhar hxknpih k ghjtury kje klki` ikthr2 kje tlhy krh sugghssùi aj shttajf up k shttihnhjt ks k lkroajfhr d` k oaffhr, phrnkjhjt, kje idjf-ikstajf gdidjazktadj h``drt ujravkihe oy kjy Hurdphkj pdwhr dj tlh Jdrtl Knhragkj gdjtajhjt.

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xxxav | Glrdjdidfy

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Glrdjdidfy | xxxv

;611=@arst X.W. eapidnktag rhprhshjtktadj td Wdutl K`ragk as ajkufurkthe watl tlh kppdajtnhjt d` Mdlj Hinsiahks X.W. gdjsui kt tlh Gkph.

;611;


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xxxva | Glrdjdidfy

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Glrdjdidfy | xxxvaa

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xxxvaaa | Glrdjdidfy

ldnhikjes aj drehr td nkbh wky `dr Hurdphkj shttihrs, tlhrhoy shttajf aj ndtadj yht kjdtlhr gygih d` wkr`krhohtwhhj tlhn kje tlh shttihrs.

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Glrdjdidfy | xxxax

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xi | Glrdjdidfy

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Glrdjdidfy | xia

`drnki Oratasl gdidjaki ruih dvhr tlh rhsuitajf hjtaty. Aj tlas jhw jktadj oikgbs krh h``hgtavhiy hxgiuehe `rdn kiipdiatagki pkrtagapktadj. Ulh àrst pranh najasthr d` tlh Xjadj d` Wdutl K`ragk as Fhjhrki Iduas W. Odtl kje lh

wduie ldie tlas pdsatadj ujtai ;1;1.;0;1;3;163= Ulh phrade d` tlh @arst (;1;3;153) kje Whgdje (;153;163) Frhkt Nafrktadj d` K`ragkjKnhragkjs `rdn tlh Wdutl td tlh Jdrtl, kje `rdn tlh gdujtrysaeh td tlh gaty, tlkt ihkes td tlh nkssavhurokjazktadj d` naiiadjs d` K`ragkj Knhragkjs kje shts tlh stkfh dr tlh rash d` tlh X.W. gavai raflts ndvhnhjt.

;1;?=Ulh `drnktadj d` tlh prhgursdr d` tlh K`ragkj Jktadjki Gdjfrhss, tlh Wdutl K`ragkj Jktavh JktadjkiGdjfrhss (aj ;1?7 ats jknh wduie oh glkjfhe td tlh K`ragkj Jktadjki Gdjfrhss).

;1;7=Xpdj las hihgtadj td tlh X.W. prhsaehjgy, Vdderdw Vaisdj, k rkgast sdutlhrjhr, `drnkiazhs shfrhfktadj ajtlh @hehrki fdvhrjnhjt.

;1;5=X.W. Jdvhiast Hefkr _. Ourrdufls puoiaslhs las àrst Ukrzkj jdvhi, Ukrzkj d` tlh Kphs,wlagl lke àrstkpphkrhe ks k shraki aj tlh pkfhs d` Krfdsy Kii Wtdry aj ;1;?. At wduie lkvh nkjy shquhis ks tlh shrahs wduiehjmdy frhkt pdpuikraty aj tlh X.W. kje hishwlhrh. Ulh jdvhis kje tlh suoshquhjt gajhnktag rhjeatadj d` tlhn(h``hgtavhiy ohfajjajf aj ;17?), wduie lhip td gdjtraouth td tlh sthrhdtyphs d` K`ragk ks kj hxdtag, pranatavh kjeujgavaiazhe gdjtajhjtwatl kii tlh ktthjekjt gdjshquhjghs dr tlh kodrafajki K ragkj phdpihs.

;1;5=Dj Kufust ;, Oikgb Mknkagkj Nkrgus Ndsakl Kurhiaus Fkrvhy hstkoiaslhs las Skj-K`ragkjast Xjavhrski JhfrdAnprdvhnhjt kje Gdjshrvktadj Kssdgaktadj(XJAK).

;1;5;1;1=Ulh phrade d` tlh @arst Vdrie Vkr aj wlagl Wdutl K`ragk pkrtagapkths dj tlh saeh d` tlh Kiiahs.;1;8= X.W. ainnkbhr E. V. Fra` atl rhihkshs las lafliy rkgast ain, tlh Oartl d k Jktadj (drafajkiiy tatihe tlhGikjsnkj), okshe dj k piky oy kj hx-Okptast najasthr Uldnks Eaxdj, aj wlagl tlh rkgast thrrdrast drfkjazktadjbjdwj ks tlh Bu Biux Bikj as pdrtrkyhe ks k lhrdag drfkjazktadj tlkt lke skvhe tlh Wdutl `rdn tlh tyrkjjykje gdrruptadj d` X.W. K`ragkj-Knhragkj-ednajkthe stkth fdvhrjnhjts eurajf tlh _hgdjstrugtadj hrk (;


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xiaa | Glrdjdidfy

;1?;= Ulh K`ragkj Heugktadj Gdnnassadj `ujehe oy tlh X.W. plaikjtlrdpy Slhips-Wtdbhs @uje, kje ihe oyUldnks Mhssh Mdjhs, krravhs aj Wdutl K`ragk dj k `kgt-`ajeajf tdur.;1?;=Ulh drnktadj d` tlh Gdnnujast Skrty d` Wdutl K`ragk (GSWK) aj Muiy, wlagl aj ;187 wduie oh rhjknhetlh Wdutl K`ragkj Gdnnujast Skrty (WKGS).

;1??=Dj Mkjukry ?, X.W. K`ragkj Knhragkj QNGK (Qdujf Nhjs Glrastakj Kssdgaktadj) nassadjkry dr UrkvhiajfWhgrhtkry Nkx Qhrfkj krravhs aj Wdutl K`ragk td hstkoiasl orkjglhs d` tlh QNGK (kje dtlhr rhikthe hjtatahs)tkrfhthe kt kodrafajki K`ragkjs.;


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Glrdjdidfy | xiaaa

;15?= Dj @horukry ;1, Srhsaehjt @rkjbiaj E. _ddshvhit assuhs Hxhgutavh Dehr 1300 kutldrazajf tlhanprasdjnhjt d` X.W. Mkpkjhsh Knhragkjs aj gdjghjtrktadj gknps dj spuradus kje rkgakiiy ndtavkthe frdujestlkt tlhy pdshe k shguraty tlrhkt.??

;155=@drnktadj d` tlh K`ragkj Jktadjki Gdjfrhss Qdutl Ihkfuh tlkt wduie lhip ndvh tlh K`ragkj JktadjkiGdjfrhss tdwkre frhkthr kgtavasn kje gihkriy eh ajhe jktadjkiast fdkis.

;155= Wwheasl hgdjdnast Fujjkr Nyrekis ikjenkrb kje ajìuhjtaki stuey, spdjsdrhe oy tlh GkrjhfahGdrpdrktadj, dj tlh rkgh quhstadj aj Xjathe Wtkths (tatihe Kj Knhragkj Eaihnnk= Ulh Jhfrd Srdoihn kje NdehrjEhndgrkgy) as puoiaslhe.

;158=Lkrry W. Urunkj (Ehndgrktag Skrty) ohgdnhs tlh tlarty-tlare prhsaehjt d` tlh Xjathe Wtkths.;158= Dj Kufust 0, XWF erdps tlh arst ktdnag odnos dj k phdpih, tlh Mkpkjhshkt Lardslank, kje ktJkfkskba tlrhh ekys ikthr (dj Kufust 1). At wduie ajkufurkth tlh jugihkr kfh kje k wdriewaeh rkgh td kgquarhtlas ehkeiy whkpdj, aj wlagl kpkrtlhae Wdutl K`ragk wduie kisd oh k pkrtagapkjt.

;158=Dj Dgtdohr ?5, tlh Xjathe Jktadjs as `dujehediidwajf k gdj`hrhjgh aj Wkj @rkjgasgd `rdn Kprai ?8td Mujh ?0 td erk`t ats glkrthrks k strugturki gdjtajuktadj d` tlh Ihkfuh d` Jktadjs out watl k ea``hrhjt kjehxpkjehe nassadj= td nkajtkaj ajthrjktadjki phkgh wlaih kt tlh sknh tanh prdndtajf sdgaki kje hgdjdnagehvhidpnhjt d` nhnohr jktadjs. Kndjf tlh rhprhshjtktavhs kggdrehe prdnajhjgh kt tlh gdj`hrhjgh as tlhWdutl K`ragkj `drhafj najasthr Mkj G. Wnuts.?7

;158=Dj Jdvhnohr ;5, gdnnhjghnhjt d` k shrahs d` trakis d` k lafl-rkjbajf Jkza naiatkry kje dtlhr d`àgakisdj glkrfhs d` wkr granhs kje granhs kfkajst lunkjaty lhie oh`drh tlh Ajthrjktadjki Naiatkry Uraoujki tlkt

wduie ikst ujtai ;151 aj tlh gaty d` Jurhnohrf, Fhrnkjy. Ulh trakis gknh td oh bjdwj ks tlh JurhnohrfUrakis kje tlhy wduie lhip hstkoiasl aj ajthrjktadjki ikw, kndjf dtlhr gdjghpts, tlh gdjghpt d` granhskfkajst lunkjaty (wlagl wduie ajgiueh muraeagki rkgasn).

;150=Dj Nkrgl 8, aj k sphhgl tatihe Wajhws d` Shkgh ehiavhrhe kt Vhstnajsthr Gdiihfh (k pravkth iaohrki krtsgdiihfh aj @uitdj, Nassdura), wlagl wks ldjdrajf lan watl k ehfrhh, Vajstdj Glurglaii lhips td pdpuikrazh tlhplrksh Ardj Gurtkaj, watl tlh wdres Rk^ slkedw lks `kiihj updj tlh sghjhs sd ikthiy iaflthe oy tlh Kiiahe

vagtdry. Jdodey bjdws wlkt Wdvaht _ussak kje ats Gdnnujast ajthrjktadjki drfkjazktadj ajthjes td ed aj tlhannheakth ùturh, dr wlkt krh tlh ianats, a` kjy, td tlhar hxpkjsavh kje prdshiytazajf thjehjgahs.@rdn Wthttajaj tlh Okitag td Urahsth aj tlh Keraktag, kj ardj gurtkaj lks ehsghjehe kgrdss tlh Gdjtajhjt. Ohlaje tlkt iajh iahkii tlh gkpatkis d` tlh kjgahjt stkths d` Ghjtrki kje Hksthrj Hurdph.?5

;150=Aj Dgtdohr, kt tlh dphjajf shssadj tlh àrst Fhjhrki Ksshnoiy nhhtajf d` tlh Xjathe Jktadjs, PamkykIkbslna Skjeat d` tlh X.J. ehihfktadj `rdn Ajeak, watl tlh suppdrt d` tlh Wdvaht Oidg gdujtrahs, prhgapatkthskj ujwkjthe dgus dj Wdutl K`ragks rkgaki pdiagahs oy rkasajf tlh nktthr d` tlh nastrhktnhjt d` Wdutl K`ragkjsd` Wdutl Ksakj ehsghjt ks gdjtrkry td tlh prdvasadjs d` tlh X.J. Glkrthr. Ulh X.W. kedpts kj knoavkihjtpdsatadj dj tlh gdnpikajt.

;156=Dj Nkrgl ;?, ks a` dj guh `rdn tlh Glurglaii Wajhws d` Shkgh sphhgl ehiavhrhe kodut k yhkr hkriahr,Srhsaehjt Lkrry W. Urunkj aj kj keerhss oh`drh tlh mdajt shssadj d` Gdjfrhss lhrkies tlh ohfajjajf d` tlhgdie wkr watl las ehgasadj td suppdrt Frhhgh kje Uurbhy watl naiatkry kje dtlhr kae sd tlkt tlhy wduie jdtsugguno td dutsaeh prhssurhs (rhke tlh Wdvaht Xjadj). Ulas pdiagy ehgasadj tlkt wduie gdnh td oh bjdwj kstlh Urunkj Edgtrajh.

;156=Dj Kufust ;8, Ajeak kglahvhs `drnki ajehphjehjgh `rdn Oratasl gdidjaki ruih k`thr k sparathe jktadjkiaststruffih sphkrlhkehe oy Nklktnk (Ndlkjeks Bkrknglkje) Fkjela wld lke lhiphe padjhhr tlh strkthfy d`jdjvadihjt gavai easdoheahjgh.

;156;11;=Ulh phrade d` tlh gdie wkr, k idw-ihvhi gdj iagt ohtwhhj tlh Xjathe Wtkths kje ats kiiahs kje tlh`drnhr Wdvaht Xjadj kje ats kiiahs `dr fidoki aehdidfagki kje hgdjdnag ednajkjghout ajvdivajf vhry rhki kjelafliy ehstrugtavh prdxy wkrs aj nkjy gdujtrahs d` tlh K`rd-Ksakj kje Wdutl Knhragkj hgunhjh (ajgiueajftlh Gkraoohkj), wlagl wduie gdjsunh tlh iavhs d` tlduskjes updj tlduskjes d` ajjdghjt gavaiakjs.?8

;156=Dj Dgtdohr ?7, V. H. O. Eu Odas prhshjts las rhpdrt, wratthj ujehr tlh kuspaghs d` tlh JKKGS, td tlhX.J. Gdnnassadj dj Lunkj _aflts (vak tlh nheaktadj d` tlh Wdvaht Xjadj, ks tlh X.W. ehihfktadj rhùshs tdlkvh kjytlajf td ed watl at), ehtkaiajf tlh frdss vadiktadjs d` tlh lunkj raflts d` X.W. K`ragkj Knhragkjs aj tlhXjathe Wtkths. Ulh rhpdrt as tatiheKj Kpphki td tlh Vdrie= K Wtkthnhjt dj tlh Ehjaki d` Lunkj _aflts td Najdratahs ajtlh Gksh d` Gatazhjs d` Jhfrd Ehsghjt aj tlh Xjathe Wtkths d` Knhragk kje kj Kpphki td tlh Xjathe Jktadjs dr _herhss.

;156= Dj Dgtdohr ?1, tlh Srhsaehjts Gdnnatthh dj Gavai _aflts tlkt lke ohhj hjtrusthe oy tlh UrunkjKenajastrktadj td nkbh k gdnprhlhjsavh ajvhstafktadj d tlh stkth d` easgranajktadj kfkajst rkgaki najdratahs ajtlh Xjathe Wtkths, rhihkshs ats rhpdrt Ud Whgurh Ulhsh _aflts.

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xiav | Glrdjdidfy

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Glrdjdidfy | xiv

gdnnujasts wlagl sddj tddb kj kurk d` k jktadjki watgl-lujt aj wlagl tlh iavhs kje iavhialdde d` lujerhesd` X.W. Knhragkjs (ndst whrh jhvhr gdnnujasts) whrh easrupthe.?


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xiva | Glrdjdidfy

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Glrdjdidfy | xivaa

;108= Dj Kufust 0, Srhsaehjt Iyjedj O. Mdljsdj safjs ajtd ikw tlh Pdtajf _aflts Kgt tlkt rhstdrhs td X.W.K`ragkj Knhragkjs kje dtlhr najdratahs tlhar su``rkfh raflts.;108= Dj Jdvhnohr ;;, Akj Wnatl kje las _ldehsakj @rdjt Skrty ujaikthrkiiy ehgikrh ajehphjehjgh (XEA)`rdn Oratkaj td `drhstkii tlh pdssaoaiaty d` oikgb nkmdraty ruih out Oratkaj okibs kt usajf naiatkry `drgh td orajfWnatl td lhhi. Ajsthke, kt ats ohlhst, tlh X.J. shguraty gdujgai anpdshs (dj Ehghnohr ;0) k sht d` nkjektdryhgdjdnag skjgtadjs dj tlh gdujtry. (Uwd yhkrs ikthr, dj Nky ?1, ;10


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xivaaa | Glrdjdidfy

;101=Aj kj kgt tlkt wduie lkvh ohhj ujtlajbkoih aj sugl Vhsthrj gdujtrahs ks tlh Xjathe Wtkths kje tlh XjatheBajfedn, Wwhehj ohgdnhs tlh arst Vhsthrj gdujtry td ohfaj earhgt kssastkjgh td tlh iaohrktadj ndvhnhjts d`Wdutlhrj K`ragk, ajgiueajf tlh KJG.

;101=@dr tlh arst tanh k X.W. K`ragkj Knhragkj, Gdjfrhssnkj Glkrihs G. Eaffs, Mr. (Ehndgrkt), tkbhs dvhr tlhglkarphrsdjslap d` tlh Ldush @drhafj K``kars Wuogdnnatthh dj K`ragk, nkrbajf tlh ohfajjajf d` k ehhphrGdjfrhssadjki hjfkfhnhjt watl K`ragkj k``kars.

;101= Vatl Lhjry Bassajfhr ks jktadjki shguraty kevasdr ujehr tlh Jaxdj Kenajastrktadj k gdnprhlhjsavhrhvahw d` X.W. pdiagy tdwkre Wdutlhrj K`ragk gkiiheJktadjki Whguraty Wtuey nhndrkjeun 71as prdeughe.

;163=Dj @horukry ?0, kodrafajki K`ragkjs krh jd idjfhr gdjsaehrhe gatazhjs d` Wdutl K`ragk oy WKKF2 tlhy krh,ajsthke, oy nhkjs d` tlh Okjtu Ldnhikjes Gatazhjslap Kgtnkehgatazhjs d` htljagkiiy eh`ajhe ldnhikjes.

;163= Ulh ADG hxphis Wdutl K`ragk `rdn tlh Diynpag Ndvhnhjt kje at wduie jdt oh rhkenatthe ujtai tlhOkrghidjk Fknhs d` ;11?. Aj tlh sknh yhkr, nkjy dtlhr ajthrjktadjki spdrtajf odeahs wduie ed tlh sknh.

;163=Aj Dgtdohr, tlh `drnktadj d` tlh X.W. K`ragkj Knhragkj-ihe Sdikrdae _hvdiutadjkry Vdrbhrs Ndvhnhjtwatl tlh domhgtavh d` phrsukeajf tlh Sdikrdae Gdrpdrktadj td easajvhst `rdn Wdutl K`ragk, wlagl at hvhjtukiiyedhs.

;16;=Ulh Ajthrjktadjki Gdurt d` Mustagh aj Ulh Lkfuh, aj gdjtrkst td kj hkriahr pdsatadj (aj ;100), upldies tlhkutldraty d` tlh Xjathe Jktadjs dvhr Jknaoak, rhquarajf WKKF td thrnajkth ats kenajastrktadj d` tlh gdujtry.

;16;= Ohfajjajf dj Nky 5, _hprhshjtktavh Glkrihs G. Eaffs, Mr., tlh arst X.W. K`ragkj Knhragkj td glkar tlhLdush suogdnnatthh dj K`ragk ldies tlh `arst d` kj ujprhghehjthe shrahs d` Gdjfrhssadjki lhkrajfs dj X.W.ousajhsshs aj Wdutl K`ragk.

;16?=@drnktadj d` tlh Oikgb Shdpihs Gdjvhjtadj oy Wthvh Oabd kje dtlhrs2 ats purpdsh as td gddreajkth tlhOikgb Gdjsgadusjhss Ndvhnhjt ks kj kvhjuh d` aehdidfagki rhsastkjgh td kpkrtlhae.

;16?=Wlarihy Glasldin ohgdnhs tlh arst X.W. K`ragkj Knhragkj td ruj `dr tlh prhsaehjgy d` tlh Xjathe Wtkths2tldufl ujsugghss ui slh nkjkfhs td fkrjhr ;3% d` tlh vdth kt tlh Ehndgrktag Jktadjki Gdjvhjtadj. Wlh wkskisd tlh arst X.W. K`ragkj Knhragkj wdnkj td oh vdthe td Gdjfrhss (rhprhshjtajf `rdn ;101 td ;1


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Glrdjdidfy | xiax

;168=Dj Dgtdohr ;5, WKKF shjes trddps ajtd Kjfdik aj kj dphrktadj tlhy euo Dphrksah Wkvkjjklwatl tlhdomhgtavh d` gkpturajf Iukjek aj suppdrt d` XJAUK kje @JIK knoatadjs ks Kjfdiks àrst gavai wkr sparkisdut d` gdjtrdi.

;168=Dj Jdvhnohr 5= Aj rhspdjsh td tlh WKKF ajvksadj d` Kjfdik, Guoks @aehi Gkstrd, tlh ihkehr d` k snkiiGkraoohkj asikje, nkbhs tlh `kthùi ehgasadj td ikujgl las vhrsadj d` Dphrksah Wkvkjjkl2ats gkiihe DphrktadjGkridtk (lh gdjsuits jhatlhr tlh Guokj Sdiatagki Ourhku, jdr tlh _ussakjs).71

;168= Dj Jdvhnohr ;;, Sdrtufki frkjts ajehphjehjgh td tlh phdpih d` Kjfdik, watl jd pdiatagki pkrtygdnpihthiy aj glkrfh d` tlh hjtarh gdujtry ks vadihjt gdjìagt ohtwhhj tlhn hsgkikths.

;160=Dj Mkjukry ;, tlh Xjathe Jktadjs Ghjthr Kfkajst Kpkrtlhae as hstkoiaslhe, watl H. W. _heey ks ats earhgtdr.;160=Aj Mkjukry, WKKF phrnats puoiag thihvasadj ordkegkstajf `dr tlh arst tanh aj Wdutl K`ragk.;160=DjNkrgl ?6=Vatl tlduskjes d` Kjfdikj kje Guokj sdieahrs rkpaeiy kpprdkglajf tlh Jknaoakj odrehr,WKKF ehgaehs td watlerkw ats hxpheatadjkry `drgh `rdn Kjfdik kitdfhtlhr2 Dphrksah Wkvkjjkl as k gdnpihth`kaiurh.

;160=Aj Kprai, Sranh Najasthr Mdlj Pdrsthr vasats Asrkhi td lhip ehhphj tahs ohtwhhj Wdutl K`ragk kje Asrkhi.;160=Dj Mujh 0, tlh prankry kje lafl sglddi stuehjt-ihe Wdwhtd Xprasajf ohfajs aj wlagl nkjy baes krh sldttd ehktl (kje nkjy ndrh mkaihe kje tdrturhe) oy k rknpkfajf kje radtajf WKKF pdiagh. Ajkufurktajf tlhshgdje ehgkeh d` kjtakpkrtlhae rhohiiadj, tlh uprasajf wduie nkrb tlh ohfajjajf d` tlh hje d` jhkriy tlrhhlujerhe yhkrs d` wlath najdraty ruih.

;160=@rdn Mujh ?7?5, Sranh Najasthr Mdlj Pdrsthr nhhts watl X.W. Whgrhtkry d` Wtkth Lhjry Bassajfhr ajVhst Fhrnkjy dr easgussadjs. Kjdtlhr sanaikr nhhtajf wduie tkbh pikgh ohtwhhj tlh twd eurajf k Whpthnohr56 vasat td ]uragl, Wwatzhrikje oy Bassajfhr.

;160= @rdn Whpthnohr ;6?3, X.W. Whgrhtkry d` Wtkth Lhjry Bassajfhr vasats Wdutl K`ragk td easguss tlh]anokowhkj ajehphjehjgh quhstadj watl WKKF.

;160=Kt k twd-eky gdj`hrhjgh spdjsdrhe oy tlh Gdjfrhssadjki Oikgb Gkugus, lhie `rdn Whpthnohr ?5?8 ktLdwkre Xjavhrsaty aj Vkslajftdj, E.G., pkrtagapkjts kedpt Ulh K`ragkj-Knhragkj Nkja`hstd dj Wdutlhrj K`ragk.

;160=Dj Ehghnohr ;0, Srhsaehjt-hihgt Manny Gkrthr shihgts Kjerhw Qdujf td oh tlh X.W. knoksskedr td tlhXjathe Jktadjs2 `diidwajf Gdjfrhssadjki gdj arnktadj Qdujf ohgdnhs tlh arst X.W. K`ragkj Knhragkj td hvhrldie sugl k pdsatadj.53

;166=Aj Mkjukry, WKKF puoiagiy kenats tlkt at lks sdnh ?,333 trddps aj Kjfdik.;166= Aj rhspdjsh td gkiis `dr X.W. gdrpdrkth easajvhstnhjt `rdn Wdutl K`ragk oy kjtakpkrtlhae kgtavasts,_hvhrhje Ihdj Wuiiavkj, tlh X.W. K`ragkj Knhragkj nhnohr d` tlh odkre d` earhgtdrs d` tlh Fhjhrki NdtdrsGdrpdrktadj ehvashs k gdjtrdvhrsaki sht d` vdiujtkry prajgapihs td prdndth X.W. gdrpdrkth rhspdjsaoaiaty aj Wdutl

K`ragk tlkt gdnh td oh bjdwj ks tlh Wuiiavkj Srajgapihs.;166=Aj Mkjukry, Manny Gkrthr (Ehndgrktag Skrty) ohgdnhs tlh tlarty-jajtl prhsaehjt d` tlh Xjathe Wtkths.;166= Aj Nkrgl, X.W. gdrpdrktadjs kfrhh td kedpt tlh Wuiiavkj Srajgapihs kanhe kt knhiadrktajf kpkrtlhae-ehthrnajhe wdrb hjvardjnhjt aj tlhar Wdutl K`ragkj `kgtdrahs.

;166= @rdn Nky ;1 td ?3, X.W. vagh prhsaehjt, Vkithr Ndjekih, ldies gdjthjtadus kje ajgdjgiusavh tkibs watlWKKF pranh najasthr, Mdlj Pdrsthr, aj Pahjjk.

;166=@rdn Nky ?; td ??, tlh X.W. Knoksskedr td tlh Xjathe Jktadjs, Kjerhw Qdujf vasats Wdutl K`ragk kt tlhajvatktadj d` Kjfid Knhragkj Gdrpdrktadjs Lkrry Dpphjlhanhr.;166= Dj Muiy ;(out gdnnhjgajf wdrb aj ;16


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i | Glrdjdidfy

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iaa | Glrdjdidfy

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Glrdjdidfy | iaaa

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Glrdjdidfy | iv

;117=Aj Nky, XWF ajkiiy kfrhhs td rhgdfjazh tlh NSIK fdvhrjnhjt ks tlh ihfatankth fdvhrjnhjt d` Kjfdik.;117= Aj Muiy, dj k vasat td tlh Xjathe Wtkths, @. V. eh Bihrb kje Jhisdj Nkjehik krh mdajtiy kwkrehe tlhprhstafadus Iaohrty Nheki oy tlh Jktadjki Gdjstatutadj Ghjthr aj Slaikehiplak.

;117=Aj Muiy, tlh A@S (Ajbktlk @rhhedn Skrty) susphje tlhar pkrtagapktadj aj Gdehsk tkibs ks kjandsaty ohtwhhjat kje tlh KJG lhaflthjs ùrtlhr.

;117=Dj Kufust ?3, tlh Dsid Kggdres (Ehgikrktadj d` Srajgapihs dj Ajthran Whi`-Fdvhrjnhjt Krrkjfhnhjts)krh àjkiazhe kje rktaàhe k ndjtl ikthraj Vkslajftdj, E.G. dj Whpthnohr ;7oy tlh twd prajgapki pkrtahs,Asrkhi kje tlh Skihstajh Iaohrktadj Drfkjazktadj (SID), wlagl whrh suppdshe td shrvh ks k rdke nkp tdphrnkjhjt phkgh ohtwhhj tlh ohiiafhrhjts.80

;117= Dj Kufust ?8, Hurd-Knhragkj stuehjt kje vdiujthhr kgtavast Kny Oahli, wld wks ktthjeajf tlhXjavhrsaty d` tlh Vhsthrj Gkph dj k @uioraflt sgldikrslap, as shjshihssiy baiihe oy k ndo eurajf k tdwjslapujrhst. Knaest frdwajf pdiatagki vadihjgh, lhr ehktl wduie oh djh d` nkjy sanaikr wrdjf-tanh-wrdjf-pikghtrkfheahs.

;117=Dj Whpthnohr ??, Nkjehik keerhsshs tlh Xjathe Jktadjs Fhjhrki Ksshnoiy, gkiiajf `dr tlh ia`tajf d` kiiskjgtadjs kfkajst Wdutl K`ragk. @. V. eh Bihrb kisd pkys k vasat td tlh Xjathe Wtkths kt tlh sknh tanh.

;117=Aj Whpthnohr, k mdajt nassadj d` KJG kje Wdutl K`ragkj Eh`hjsh @drghs (WKE@) krravhs aj Xjathe Wtkthstd shhb kevagh dj naiatkry rhdrfkjazktadj.

;117=Aj Dgtdohr, kindst kii X.J. skjgtadjs anpdshe dj kpkrtlhae Wdutl K`ragk krh rhsgajehe.;117=Aj Jdvhnohr, tlh Gdnprhlhjsavh Kjta-Kpkrtlhae Kgt as rhphkihe oy Gdjfrhss vak tlh Urkjsatadj td EhndgrkgyKgtkje Srhsaehjt Giajtdj safjs at ajtd ikw.86;117=Dj Jdvhnohr ;


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iva | Glrdjdidfy

;115=Aj Dgtdohr, Srhsaehjt Nkjehik ujehrtkbhs k stkth vasat td Xjathe Wtkths, wlhrh lh as ldjdrhe dr k shgdjetanh watl tlh dppdrtujaty td keerhss k mdajt shssadj d` Gdjfrhss (dj tlh 0tl).

;118= Ulh Xjathe Wtkths kje Wdutl K`ragk hstkoiasl k lafl-ihvhi (kt tlh vagh-prhsaehjtaki ihvhi) gdnnassadjbjdwj ks tlh Oajktadjki Gdnnassadj td lhip ghnhjt rhiktadjs, oy nhkjs d` k vkrahty d` prdfrkns, ohtwhhjtlh twd gdujtrahsldwhvhr, at as ikthr easokjehe oy tlh Ousl-Glhjhy Kenajastrktadj.

;118=Dj Mkjukry


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Glrdjdidfy | ivaa

;111= Aj Ehghnohr, `drnhr prhsaehjt, Jhisdj Nkjehik nkbhs k tlrhh-eky vasat td Whkttih, prajgapkiiy td nhhtwatl tlh glkarphrsdj d tlh Nagrdsd`t Gdrpdrktadj, Oaii Fkths, td easguss plaikjtlrdpag ajataktavhs aj K`ragk tlktodtl krh hjfkfhe aj. Dj las wky ldnh lh kisd ks k orah` nhhtajf watl Srhsaehjt Oaii Giajtdj.

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