12. Thit b rn dp s b tr thit b mt phn xung 22. Thit b trong phn xng dp to hnhThit b trong phn xng dp My dp Thit b trong phn xng dp to hnh bao gm nhiu loi :L nung My nn, thit b ph tr My vn chuynMy dp My baMy p: My khi lm vic lc tc dng vo vt rn l lc ng: My khi lm vic lc tc dng vo vt rn l lc tnhMy ba hi nc khng kh nnMy ba khng kh nnMy ba c khMy ba thy lcMy p c khMy p thy lc32.1. Phn loi Thit b dp to hnh1, Theo loi truyn ng Truyn ng bng c khPhn loi thit b dp to hnh : thng thng c 3 cch phn loi Theo loi truyn ng. Theo du hiu ng hc v ng lc hc ca giai on gy bin dng do vt dp Theo c im cng ngh.Truyn ng bng cht lng, du, ncTruyn ng bng kh, in t42.1. Phn loi Thit b dp to hnh2, Theo du hiu ng hcNhm 1 : Gm tt c cc my baNhm 2 : Cc my p thu lc Nhm 3 : Cc my p c khNhm 4 : Cc my cn rn quayXt thi k c ti ca my Chia ra lm 5 nhm -C c im cc chuyn ng ca mykhng da vo lin kt khng cng- C tc va p < 20 m/s- C c im cc chuyn ng ca mykhng da vo lin kt khng cng nhngkhc my ba ng cong biu din tc - Chuyn ng ca my l nh lin kt cng- Cc b phn ca my thc hin chuynng quay.- Vn tc l hng sNhm 5 : Cc my dp xung- C tc lm vic ln 300 m/s52.1. Phn loi Thit b dp to hnh3, Theo c imcng nghMy ct, my t My dp vut My un, my lc My rn quayMy dp t ngMy chuyn dng6Gii thiu cc loi thit b rn dp in hnhMy baMy ba hi nc khng kh nn My ba c khMy ba khng kh nn My ba thu lc My ba kh7Gii thiu cc loi thit b rn dp in hnhMy p thu lc Phn loi theo chc nng cng nghTheo kiu s lng xilanhTheo hnh dng khung my : C, kn..MypTLgiacngkimloiMypTLgiacngphikimloi8Gii thiu cc loi thit b rn dp in hnhMy p c khMy p trc khuu My kiu quay My p vt My dp t ngMy dp chuyn dng92.2. My BaMy Ba hi nc khng kh nnMy Ba khng kh nnMy Ba c khPhn loi da vo c cu pht ngMy Ba thu lc My Ba kh chy (n)Cc thng s c bn ca my :- Trng lng ca vt ri (ln nht hin nay 30 tn tng ng vi my p 30.000 tn)- Tc ca vt ri- Hiu sut va pLnh vc ng dng : Rn t do, chn, vut, dp khiTrng lng phn ri : Bao gm Piston cng tc, cn piston cng tc, e trn.10My baPhn loi: My ba hi nc khng kh nn My ba khng kh nn My ba c kh My ba thu lcCc thng s c bn ca my :- Trng lng ca vt ri (ln nht hin nay 30 tn tng ng vi my p 30.000 tn)- Tc ca vt ri- Hiu sut va pLnh vc ng dng : Rn t do, chn, vut, dp khiMy ba khng kh nnMy ba thu lc112.2.1. Qu trnh va p v hiu sut va pVi my ba : Nng lng bin dng do vt rn c tch lu u ba vkhun, xt 2 trng hp : My ba c b e c nh My ba khng b e (b e chuyn ng)Xt 2 trng hp my ba khng b e: theo nh lut bo ton ng lng h :( ) ) 1 ( v m m m . v m . v m . v m . vx 2 1 2'2 1'1 2 2 1 1+ = + = +m1m2v1v2v1v2vt122.2.1. Qu trnh va p v hiu sut va pChia qu trnh va p thnh 2 giai on Giai on 1 Giai on c ti T thi im 2 u ba tin li vi nhau n thiimvt rn b bin dng cc i. Giai on 2 Kt thc giai on 1 do nng lng bin dng n hi tch lu u ba lm thay i tc trng tm Vx thnh V1, V2.( ) ( )) 2 (m mm . v m . vm mm . v m . vv2 12'2 1'12 12 2 1 1x++=++=Trong :m1, v1 : khi lng v vn tc ban u ca b phn ri.m2, v2 : khi lng v vn tc ban u ca b ev1 : tc sau khi va p ca b phn ri.v2 : tc sau khi va p ca b e.vx : tc trng tm ca h thng va pLc va pLc bt ra132.2.1. Qu trnh va p v hiu sut va pVi L0 : l nng lng lm bt ra ph thuc vo :- Tnh n hi ca vt dp- Vt liu vt rn- Nhit rn0 g 1 y g EL L L L L L + = + + =Nng lng va p LE c tiu tn vo :Bin dng do vt dp: LgBin dng n hi: LyNng lng tha: L1Lin quan n vt dp142.2.1. Qu trnh va p v hiu sut va p2v . m2v . mL22 221 1E+ =( )( )2 122 2 1 11m m 2v . m v . mL++=Tng nng lng ban u ca my LESau giai on 1 nng lng LE gim cn L1Theo (2) ta c( )( ) ( ) ( )E2 1121 12 112 121 11L .m m m2v . m.m m mm m 2v . mL+=+=+=( ) 2vm m L2x2 1 1+ =My ba c b e c nh V2 = 0 ta cTng nng lng mt i sau giai on 1( )( )2 122 1 2 11 E nm m 2v v m mL L L+= =152.2.1. Qu trnh va p v hiu sut va pNu my c b e c nh (V2 = 0)( )E2 12nLm m mL+=21n1mmLL=Giai on 2Xy ra do nng lng bin dng n hi Ly Nng lng ny tch lu u ba vb e lm bin i vn tc VX thnh V1 v V2c trng cho vic hon li tc V1 v V2H s hon nguyn K (lin quan n vt)Da vo (2) ta c( )) v v )( k 1 (m m mv v2 12 121'1 ++ =( )) v v )( k 1 (m m mv v2 12 112'2 ++ =162.2.1. Qu trnh va p v hiu sut va pVi 0< K > s gy ra tn kmThng thngm2 = (10 20)m1m2 = 10m1 : my ba rnm2 = 20m1 : my ba dpL do : Vt dp khng th nhanh c Vt ngui kh bin dng do Tng khi lng e ln tng hiu sut va p.192.2.2.1 Nguyn l hot ng, tnh nng k thut, tnh nng v lnh vc thc hin My ba hi nc khng kh nnL loi my ba chuyn dng dp Cht cng tc l Hi nc hoc Khng kh nn c cung cp t trm Trng lng b phn ri G > 500 Kg.Nng lng sinh ra ca my ba trng lng phn ri 1 tn tng ng 1000 tn lc p danh ngha cc my khcMy ba Hi nc KKN hnh My ba Hi nc KKN hnh cung20My ba hi nc khng kh nn hai tr hnh cungK hiu my : C66-35(1T)Trng lng phn ri : 1300 Kg.Hnh trnh piston: 1000 mmS nht p trong 1 pht :55 60Trng lng: 15000 Kgng c : 55 KwKch thc : 3600x1500x6000Cng dng : Dng dp khi vi khun kn v khun h21My ba hi nc khng kh nn hnh ch K hiu my : C86-25(1T)Trng lng phn ri : 1500 Kg.Hnh trnh piston : 1000 mmS nht p trong 1 pht :50 60Trng lng: 20000 Kgng c : 45 KwKch thc : 2400 x 1400 x 6000Cng dng : Dng dp khi vi khun kn v khun h22Tnh nng v lnh vc thc hin c im- Dng rn v dp khi- Phi c h thng cp kh, cp hi t trm ngun ca nh my- Trng lng phn ri nh nht l 500 kgMy ba rn : GH = 500 5.000 KgMy ba dp : GH = 500 30.000 Kg-Kt cu my : 1 tr, 4 tr Tnh nng my ba hi nc khng kh nn- Cht cng tc : - Hi nc : 9 12 atm Khng kh : 7 9 atm- Cht cng tc c cung cp t trm ngun- c trng my ba l trng lng phn ri : GHBao gm: Khi lng u trt + Khi lng Piston + KL cn Piston23Mt s kt cu cc my ba hi khng kh nnKt cu My ba hi nc - khng kh nn dng cung24ng dng dp th tch trn my baQuy trnh cng ngh v khun dp trn my ba252.2.2.2 Nguyn l hot ng, tnh nng k thut, tnh nng v lnh vc thc hin My ba khng kh nnL loi my ba ch yu dng rn t do Cht cng tc l Khng kh nn c cung cp t chnh bn thn my ba Trng lng b phn ri G < 3000 Kg.26L loi my ba lm vic nh khng kh nn a vo t xilanh nn ca chnh bnthn my ba27Khi ng c 1 lm vic, trc khuu 5quay, thanh truyn 6 ko piston nnp 8 chuyn ng ln xung trong xilanh 7Khi Piston nn 8 i xung, khng kh pha di xilanh nn 7 b nn. Nu mvan 18 v van 9, khng kh chuynsang pha di ca xilanh cng tc 10y piston cng tc 11 i ln. Khngkh tha pha trn piston cng tc 10i qua van 9 sang pha trn xilanh nn.Khi Piston nn 8 i ln, khng kh pha trn xilanh 7 i qua van 9 sangpha trn xilanh cng tc y pistoncng tc i xung to ra qu trnh vap.Nguyn l lm vic28i trng trc tay quay lun v tr diXilanh cng tcXilanh nnTay binTrc khuu tay quayng cB truyn aiMt s kt cu cc my ba khng kh nn29L loi my ba ch yu dng rn t do Nng lng ca ng c truyn cho b phn ri nh vo cc loi mi lin kt ckh (ma st, mm, n hi)Trng lng b phn ri C 3 nhm chnh - My ba vn (lin kt ma st)- My ba dy cp, xch (lin kt mm)- My ba nhp (lin kt n hi)2.2.2.3 Nguyn l hot ng, tnh nng k thut, tnh nng v lnh vc thc hin My ba c kh30My ba dy cpMy ba xchMy ba vnMy ba hi31My ba vn- Trng lng phn ri : 500 2500 kg- Dng rn t do v c th dp th tch, nn cc chi tit n gin- L my ba tc ng n, h s hu dngca my cao nhng nng sut lao ngthp, kh iu chnh lc dp, cng vngmy kp, tm van g chng mn.- Cng dng : chuyn dng rn t do32My ba vn-Tm vn g thng c kch thc Dy 30 40 mmRng 115 400 mmCao 2500 4000 mm- Tui th trung bnh tm vn 50 60 gi- Khong hnh trnh ln nht ca u ba t 800 1500 mm- S dng chn cc vt rn c kch thcng knh, cnh gc vung 300 800 mmKhi lng vt rn n : 850 kg33My ba nhp34My ba nhpB phn iu khin- Tay gt 10 c nhim v a dy ait puli 8 sang puli ti 7 hoc ngc ligt dy ai t puli ti 7 v puli 8. Guchm 15 lun t vo bnh 13 nh itrng 14. Guc hm 15 tch khi bnh 13 khi n bn p 12.- Cng dng : chuyn dng rn tdo35My ba thu lcThc cht vn l cc dng my p thu lc tuy nhin do c im trong hnh trnhcng tc, b phn ri c tch ra khi c cu truyn ng nn c xp vo dngmy ba. Thng s chnh ca my : Trng lng b phn ri36My ba thu lc c bnh tch p chuyn dng dp nng cc sn phm dng khiMy ba thu lc 300 tn My ba thu lc 1200 tn372.3. My p thu lcKhung my dng ch C (thn h)Khung my 2, 4 tr (thn kn)Khung my dng 2, 4 ct (thn kn)Phn loi theo hnh dng khung myMy p dp tmPhn loi theo chc nng cng nghMy p rn, rp th tchMy p chyMy ct t lin hpMy p chuyn dng382.3.1. Nguyn l hot ng my p thy lcMy p thu lc hu nh hot ng theo tc dng tnh. Nguyn l lm vic datrn c s ca nh lut Pascal. My p thu lc dng rn, dp khi, p chy,dp tm v.v.Thng s chnh ca my l lc p danh ngha. My dp nng c Pdn= 10-700MN.My dp tm c Pdn= 0,5-10MN392.3.1.nguyn l my p thy lcNguyn l tc dng ca my tun theo nh lut truyn p sut trong lng cht lngca Pascal. C th l lc to ra Piston P ph thuc vo p lc ca dng cht lngP1 v ng knh D.221dD. P P=P : Lc cng tcP1: Lc p t trm ngunD : ng knh piston cng tcd : ng knh Piston p.Nu mun P ln th tng D, nhng D ln qu s cng knh. Nn kt hp gia tngP1v D hi ha my khng cng knh v khi lng khng lnThng thng P1khong : 150 350 atm (15 35 MPa)4041Thng s chnh ca myCc thng s chnh ca my p thy lc- Lc p danh ngha : PHtn- PH= p sut cht lng trong xilanh x Din tch c ch ca cc piston cng tc- Chiu cao h khong khng gian dp : Z Hnh trnh x di ng : HKch thc bn my : A x B Tc p, khng ti ...Chiu cao h khong khng gian dp : ZChiu cao knKhunu trt42Phn loiMy p thu lc dng khung ch CThng s chnh ca my : Lc p danh ngha : PDNCc my p thu lc thun li cho cc nguyn cng dp vut, un 43My p thu lc 4 tr n ng dng thn kn c bn my di ngS dng cho cc nguyn cng dp vut su- C bn my di ng lp khun44My thu lc 4 ctChuyn dng rn v dp khi45Quy trnh cng ngh dp chi tit trn my thu lc th khunTrnh t tho lp khun v tin hnh dp- a khun vo bn my (bn my c th di ng)- u trt i xung kp g na khun trn- Cn chnh na khun di- Sa cha cn chnh khun trn (u trt c bn my ph th khun)462.3.2.cc dng dn ng thy lcNgun cung cp cht lng cho my p quyt nh loi dn ng my pDn ng kiu bm Dn ng dng b tng pC bnh tch p Khng c bnh tch p BTA hi - kh BTA kiu c kh472.3.2.1. my p thy lc c dn ng kiu bm khng c bnh tch p1. My p : Thc hin chc nng p2. Van cp : L van phn phi- Cp cht lng t bnh cha 4 vo xilanhcng tc trong hnh trnh khng ti- Ngn cht lng p sut cao t bnh cha4 vo my p trong hnh trnh cng tc3. ng c thy lc tha hnh 3 : Nng vancp 2 ln trong hnh trnh kh hi du bung trn my p v thng cha 4.4. Thng cha 4 : Cha cht lng cung cpvo hnh trnh khng tiMc ch hnh trnh khng ti nhanhI. Chc nng v hot ng ca cc cm chi tit485. B trit ti Van trn : Ngng cp cht lng t bm 8 vo my khi my p t psut9. B phn phi :ng c tnh van ct vo v tr no (I, II, III ) l lc van m10. Van 1 chiu : Cp X cht lng trong hnh trnh kh hi11. Van 1 chiu : Cp cht lng vo xilanh cng tc12. Van 1 chiu : X cht lng ra khi xilanh cng tc49V tr III : My p v tr treou trtVan 11, 12 mVan 10 ngng50V tr II : Hnh trnh khng tiVan 10, 11, 12 mVan 2 m :51V tr I : Hnh trnh cng tcVan 10 v 11 mCht lng t bm qua van 11 vi ln xilanh cng tc chnhT xi lanh kh hi, cht lng b pqua van 10 v van 11 nxilanh cng tc52V tr IV : Hnh trnh kh hiVan 12 mCht lng t bm nng van 10 lnin y xilanh kh hiT xi lanh cng tc, cht lng bp qua van 12 ti thng cha(lu lng nh) lm p suttrong xilanh cng tc gimxung (ng 1). Khi b trdn 3 s nng van cp 2 ln du tr v thng cha (lulng ln) (ng 2).12532.3.2.2. my p thy lc c dn ng kiu bm c bnh tch pBnh tch p thy lcBnh tch p kh1. Thnh phn my v cng dng54Nguyn l hot ng15. Bnh tch p : ch yu cp cht lng vo hnh trnh khng ti v kh hiNhimvTr cht lng c p sut t bm lc my ngh a n hnh trnh khng ti v kh hiCp cht lng cho my trong khong thi gian khng ti v kh hi18. Bm cao p : c nhim v np cht lng cao p cho bnh tch p13. B tng p trung gian : c nhim v tng p sut cht lng cng tc trong myp55V tr II : Hnh trnh khng ti - p sut t bnh tch p : Cp cht lng i t bnh tchp lm my p i xung : Cht lng i theo van 6 v 7 i n xilanh.ng kh hi : du i qua van 4, 6, 7 ha vo dng du n ln bung trn xilanhNguyn l hot ng56V tr I : Tng p Khi cn tng p (chm vt) B tng p trung gian 13 hot ngValve 4, 6 v 9 m. Cc valve khc ngNguyn l hot ng57V tr III : Khng ti Cp du t bnh tch pB dn ng thy lc nng Van cp 2 lm vic cho cht lng i ln bung trn xilanhlm my p chy khng ti.Nguyn l hot ng58V tr V : Hnh trnh kh hi Cp du t bnh tch pValve 5, 8, 10 m. Cc Valve khc ngNguyn l hot ng59kt cu ca bnh tch pC 2 loi chnhBnh tch pBnh tch p kiu piston Bnh tch p kiu khng c pistonBnh tch p kh thy lc kiu pistonMy nn khBnh khXilanh kh : p1Xilanh thy lc : p2C p1.F + G = p2.ffG F . pp12+=p2tng ln gn F/ffF: h s tng p (= 1 - 100)60kt cu ca bnh tch p - Accumulators- Bnh tch p thy lc cn c gi l bnh tch nng hay acqui thy lcNh vy bnh tch p c cc tc dng nh :- Gip h thng thy lc lm vic m hn m bo an ton cho h thng- Tit kim nng lng lm hiu sut ca h thng tng ln Bnh tch nng Accumulators c cc dng nh sau :- Dng bong bng- Dng mng - Dng PistonNguyn l lm vic ca bnh tch nng nh sau :Khi bm du ca h thng to nn p sut vo trong bnh tch nng, Bongbng cha Nitrogen trong bnh tch s b nn li v to nn p sut.Bin dng ca mng bong bng c dng li khi p sut bm vo cnbng vi p sut ca NitrogenKhi p sut ca h thng b tt xung, khi p sut c to ra t bnhtch s cung cp vo trong h thng bi s nn p ca Nitrogen, qutrnh ny li c lp li bc u tin61622.3.2.3. my p dn ng c tng p v hiu sut ca my p- Vi my dn ng kiu bmp sut trong xilanh cng tc ly trc tipt bm, my ny c p sut khngcao, my ln phi dng xilanh ln.Bm cao p : t- My dn ng c b tng pB tng p c tc dng cung cp nguncht lng p sut cao vo xilanh cngtc trong hnh trnh cng tc.c im : - p sut cao- Lu lng nh1. cc loi trm my p thy lc63- V tr I : Hnh trnh xungnhanhVan 1 mVan 2 ng64- V tr II : Hnh trnh pVan 1, 2 ngB tng p lm vic65- V tr III : Hnh trnh kh hiVan 1 ngVan 2 m66- Cc b tng p thy lc672.3.3. Cc thnh phn chnh ca my p thy lc1. Bm, ng c thy lc 2. Cc loi Valve.3. ng ng 4. Piston xilanh thu lc5. Thng du6. Cc thit b ph kin (B lc du, mt du, np binh du )bm cao p piston68BM PISTON691. Cp bnh rng2. Vnh chn3. Thn bm4.1, 4.2 : Vnh chn5. Vng chn du6. 7. Vng chn iu chnh h hngca cp bnh rng v vng chnbm cao p bnh rng70Cc loi ValveVan mt chiu kiu tr, nnVan mt chiu kiu biVan mt chiu71Cc loi ValveVan an ton van trnVan an ton : c nhim v gi cho p sut ln nht m h thng c th ti. Khi p sut ln hn p sut cho php ca h thng th dng p sut du s thng lc l xo, cht lng chy theo ca B tr li thng du.Van trn : hot ng theo nguyn tc van an ton, tuy nhin khc ch khi p sut A t gi tr xc nh th ca B ni vi A, ni vi c cu iu khin.72Cc loi ValveVan tit luL van iu chnh lu lng cung cp cho thitb thu lc73Cc loi ValveVan phn phi- L thit b dng thay i hng chuyn ng ca dng du trong h thng thu lc.Van phn phi 4 ca 3 v tr iu khin in tVan phn phi 4 ca 2 v triu khin bng tay74Xilanh - PistonNhim VXi lanh thu lc l c cu chp hnh ca truyn dn thu lc thc hin chuyn ng thng- Truyn chuyn ng thng - Truyn lcXilanh mt bch Xilanh treo75Bn v xilanh dng mt bch76Cc thit b ph trLc du hi77Cc thit b ph trMt thm du Thc du78Np thng du Cc thit b ph tr79 H thng lm mt Oil/Air Cooler UnitsCc thit b ph tr80b tr cc thit b thu lc trong METL c dn ng bng bm duVan chng ln(van chng tt p)81Cc nguyn cng dp to hnh s dng my p thy lcDp vutDp khi trn my ba thy lcCc nguyn cng un, p chy ....822.4.My p c khMy p trc khuuMy loi quayMy dp xung83Dy chuyn sn xut trc khuu phn xng dp khi84My p C khMy p c kh c s dng rng ri trong nhiu ngnh cng nghip ch to myv dng c, cng nghip xy dng, thc phm ... Mt chi tit quan trng ca myl trc khuu nn my cn c tn gi l my p trc khuu. My c lc p danhnghi t rt nh di 25kN n rt ln 100.000kN. My p trc khuu dng chyu dp tm, dp th tch nng, ngui, ct phi v thc hin nhiu nguyn cngkhc trong GCAL.u im :- S dng my v kt cu my n gin- Ch to c cc chi tit c hnh dng phc tp, cht lng b mt chi tit caom khng cnn qua gia cng ct gt- Nng sut my cao, xng khng n, sch, nn mng t rung ng nh my baNhc im :- t vn nng trong cc nguyn cng dp th tch, khng thc hin c ccnguyn cng vut, p t.- Lc p danh ngha ca my khng th tng qu ln nh my p thu lc v kchthc ca my s rt ln.- u trt c th b kt im cht di852.4.1. Nguyn l hot ng My p trc khuu My p trc khuu : chi tit quan trng nht l trc khuu Thng s quan trng ca my p : Lc p lc p th hin kch thc v cngsut ca my ng dng METK : Ct phi thanh tm, dp tm, dp khi (nng hoc ngui)2.4.1.1. c im my p trc khuuMy p trc khuu lch tm dng chmMy p trc khuu lch tm dng tay bin862.4.1.2. Phn loi my p trc khuuMy trc khuu n ngMy p trc khuu song ng dng dp tmMy p trc khuu tam ngMy p trc khuu- My p trc khuu vn nng- My p trc khuu chuyn dng dp vut- My p trc khuu un tm- L my p trc khuu c hai u trtMt u trt chnh trong dng mang dng c to hnhMt u trt ngoi dng chn phi.- K hiu : VD : 315/200- L my p trc khuu c ba u trtNgoi hai u trt ging my song ng, my c thm 1 utrt di dng dp vut ngc87Phn loi my p trc khuuMy p trc khuu vn nng Trc khuu thng thngMy p trc khuu vn nng chuyn dng ct, un, dp vut, dp khi 88Phn loi my p trc khuuMy p trc khuu song ng, tam ng My p trc khuu song ng v tam ng chuyn dng Dp vut89Kt cu v s My p trc khuu dp nngPhn loi my p trc khuuMy p trc khuu dp nng chuyn dng dp khi cc chi tit trng thi nng 902.4.1.3. Cc b phn ca my p trc khuu ng c B truyn - bnh rng, ai B li hp l h thng ng m my dng ni c cu thc hin vi h thng dn ng vtruyn mmen xon t ng c n trc khuu. Bnh - Bnh gii phng nng lng tronghnh trnh cng tc Trong thi gian lm vic, mtphn nng lng c cung cp t ng c cnphn ln l t Bnh . Trc khuu l chi tit quan trng trong my ptrc khuu Bin L chi tit truyn lc v chuyn ng giatrc khuu v u trt. u trt L khu truyn chuyn ng v lccho na khun trn.91S ng ca my p trc khuuS cc b phn ca my p trc khuu1. ng c2. B truyn3. B li hp4. Bnh 5. Trc khuu6. Bin7. u trt8. B phn hng dn9. Thn my10. B phniu khin11. C cu ly sn phm12. C cu thu hi ph liu13. C cu cp phi14. Phu tip liu15. H thng truyn ng cho phu tip liu16. Truyn ng cho c cu cung cp17. Phanh 92 B phn dn hng m bo cho u trt chuyn ng tnh tin. Thn my L b phn nh v v kp cht tt c cc b phn khc ca myng thi lc dp c truyn qua n. Phanh Thuc h thng ng m my - b phn dng u trt v tr xc nhkhi ng c in vn lm vic lin tc B phn iu khin C cu ly sn phm C cu thu hi ph liu C cu cp phi Phu tip liu H thng bo him932.4.2. cc b phn chnh ca my p trc khuuBin v cm Thanh truynBin c chiu di c nh Bin c chiu di thay i94Bin c chiu di thay i : dng cho my p trc khuu n ng my p trc khuu n ng Bin c chiu di c nh dng cho my p hng nng dng dp nng v tinh chnh hoc trong mt vi loi my p thn kn v my p song ng95Ly hp Cng dng : L c cu truyn chuyn ng v mmen xon t bnh n trckhuu Cc loi : Li hp vu Li hp chtLi hp then quay Li hp ma stLi hp trtLi hp ma st96Cng dng : L trong c cu ng m my :- Hm ng nng ca c cu chp hnh-Gi u trt my v tr bt ngkhi nh li hp u trt khng riPhanhKt cu phanh ma st ging nh lyhp ma st uy nhin phanh ch cmt a m bo an ton97Phanh ai v phanh a ma stPhanh ai khng lch tm98u trt Dn hngCu to v vt liu ca u trt Cng dng- L khu truyn cho na khun trnChuyn ng LcYu cu- Bn, nh gim nng lng nng, gim cng cnphi c phanh khi dng u trt Rng gimtrng lng Ch toc, hn hoc kt hpCm u trt gmBo him chng qu tiLp bin vi u trtiu chnh chiu cao knDn hngy trnLp khunCn bng u trt99Vt liu- Gang : c- Thp : HnCh Ch cc cp ma st trnh mnCng CngMm Mm MnNna chi tit no mn vo chi tit r thay thDn hngSng dn hngC nhiu dng mt ct khc nhau100Parallelitts-kontrolleWegerfassungStelhubStelkippungKraftschwerpunktWerkzeug250 barPrekraftF1F=F + F1 2 3F=F + F3 4 5mita (b)x (y)F (F)4 maxF (F )5 minF2Cn bng u trt101H thng cn bng u trt102C cu bo himCng dngChng qu ti doChiu dy phi tngVt liu phi thay i :t CT3 CT5, l xo Tha th tch (dp khi)Kt my, khun Phn loi : Phn lm 2 nhm- Nhm t hon nguyn : t tr v v tr c khi d ht ti- Nhm khng t hon nguyn C cuBo him theo lcBo him theo m men xonS dng c cu bo him khng tn dng ht kh nng ca my Mong mun tndng ti a kh nng my m vn m bo an tonNhm ph hy : Cht ct, cc ctNhm khng ph hy : l xo103C khCc ct a ct104Thn my- Thn my l b phn quan trng ca my p dng nh v v kp cht tt c cc b phn khc ca my p ng thi lc dp truyn qua n.- c im : L chi tit khng thay th trong qu trnh sa cha nn thng ly h s an ton bn ln.Phn loi :Ch yu phn loi theo 3 nhm Thn my dng h Thn my dng kn Thn my dng ghp105 Thn my dng thn kn, dng thn h, thn my c, thn my hnThn knThn hthn hnthn c106Thn my dng ch C Thn my kn kiu ch O, kiu ctTheo tiu chun theo hnh dng Thn my 1 tr, thn my 2 tr Thn ch C, Thn ch O Kiu ct107AOLRPABPgmK090002.4.3. iu kin bn) ( sin . sin . = + = f 22KR muk( ) const r r K K 1 r f m0 B AfK= + + + = . ) ( .cnh tay n mmen xon trong trng hp l tng - khng c ma stTip tuyn chungOmKPDAf.rAf.rBBVng trn ma stcnh tay n mmen xon trong trng hp thc t - c ma st108MX = mK.P Do thay i nn MX cng thay iTi thi im gc quay khc nhau th Lc cho php tc dng ln u trt l khcnhaufKuK Km m m + =Bng tnh ton bn ca trc khuu, ca bnh rng tng ng vi lc tc dng lnu trt, ngi ta xy dng th lc cho php tc dng ln u trt cho btruyn Bnh rng v Trc khuu khng b hng.Xy dng th lc ti hn tc dng ln u trt cho b Trc khuu, B truynbnh rng khng b hng) ( sin . sin . = + = f 22KR muk( ) const r r K K 1 r f m0 B AfK= + + + = . ) ( .109P th lc cho php tc dng ln u trt b truyn Bnh rng, Trc khuu khng b hngKhi lc tc dng ln u trt vt qu cc gi trthuc ng (1) hoc (2) tng ng vi gc quay ca trc khuu Gy trc khuy hoc bnh rngBnh rngTrc khuud0900 0 th tr lc bin dng KL123(1) - ng th lc cho php tcdng ln u trt b truynbnh rng khng b hng(2) - ng th lc cho php tcdng ln u trt trc khuukhng b hng ti tit din BB(3) ng th lc cho php tc dngln u trt trc khuu khng bhng ti tit din EEEBBE110Khi dA >1,3d0 : ng (3) lun lun nm trn ng (2) tnh ton ch cn xt ngtrc khuu ti tit din BB v ca ng ca b truyn Bnh rng.Trong mt nguyn cng cng ngh : lc cng ngh tc dng ln u trt thtr lc bin dng ca kim loi dpt th tr lc bin dng vo th lc cho php tc dng lnu trt ta thy :- Nu th tr lc bin dngvt qu 1 gi tr no thucng Bnh rng hoc Trckhuu tng ng vi gc quay Bnh rng hoc trc khuus hngPgPgNguyn cng ct hNguyn cng dp vut hd90Trc khuu00 0 th tr lc bin dng KL123Bnh rngx111- Trong khong 0 X : Trc khuu km bn hn- Trong khong X 90 : Bnh rng km bn hnDo thn my thng tnh ton theo phng php 1 v 2 l phng php tnh theo titrng ln nht nn thng t hng Ch yu hng Trc khuu v Bnh rng. Trong qu trnh tnh ton lc cng ngh Chn my cho mt nguyn cng cngngh Gi tr lc cng ngh phi nh hn 1 gi tr tng ng vi mi gc quay catrc khuu my khng b hng TK, BR Thun li cho qa trnh chn my v An ton, ngi ta quy nh 1 gc danhngha H tng ng vi lc danh ngha PH. Lc cng ngh tc dng vo utrt bng PH ch khi v tr c gc dp = H . Khi tnh ton c lc cng ngh Pg v chn my c PH ln hn Pg th trc khuuv Bnh rng khng b hng. Vi mi my s dng vo vic g th H l khc nhau.112 Pg c th t bng PH hoc c th vt qu nhng ch l gi tr tc thi rt ngn vvi gc dp dp y v gn gc 0 . Thng khi Pg > PH th my s b hng c cu bo himiu kin bn ca my th lc cho php tc dng ln u trt gii hn bi bn ca Trc khuu vB truyn Bnh rng mi v tr ca c cu gi l th lc cho php v Xc nhiu kin bn ca my.Lc p danh nghaLc p danh ngha l lc tc dng ln u trt theo bn ca Trc khuu hoc bn ca B truyn Bnh rng ti gc danh ngha H.Ly PH lm c trng ca myPH = 63 tn gi l my 63 tnCt hnh, t l : Pmax PHDp vut : Pmax 0,85PHV d113- Hnh trnh cng di th lc lm vic cng phi nh hn so vi lc p danh ngha trnh hng my.- Nn : y th tr lc bin dng gm v gc 0 :Tn dng kh nng kho ca myV mt kt cu th khun thp : r thao tc v r tin1142.4.4. Cc loi my p trc khuu in hnh cng dngMy p trc khuu vn nng- Ct hnh - t l - Dp vut - UnBn my bt ngmy p trc khuu vnnng Loi h Loi knLoi 1 tr 2 khuu 1 khuu Loi 2 tr 4 khuuBn my chuyn ngNghing cKhngnghing cTrc phn b song song vi mt trc ca myTrc phn b vung gc vi mt trc ca my2 khuu 1 khuu115My p vn nng thn h116My p 2 bin thn kn117My p trc khuu song ngc im my song ng- Thng thng u trt ngoi c lc chn nh hn u trt trong- u trt ngoi xung trc gi lc chn n nh trong sut qu trnh dpvut (thc t khng bng constant do c n hi)- u trt ngoi i xung, dng li. u trt trong mi i xung- Chiu cao tnh t thi im u trt ngoi dng li n thi im utrt trong dng li chnh l chiu su dp vutC nhiu kiu truyn ng cho u trt ngoi Truyn ng bng cam (hnh a) : Chng mn mt tip xc ca cam v con ln dng cho nhng my c nh (thn h). S dng c cu khuu - n 8 khu vi con trt ph (hnh b, c). C cu khuu - n 8 khu (hnh d, e) dng cho my 2 khuu v 4 khuu. Timi trc khuu c lp 2 bin : mt truyn ng cho u trt trong, mt truyn ng cho u trt ngoi.K hiu my : 315/200118a) b) c)d)e)Cc kiu c cu dn ng u trt ngoi ca my p song ngCon trt ph119My p trc khuu song ng 120My p trc khuu song ng 1. my2. Ci3. Phi4. Chy5. u trt trong6. Tay bin ngoi7. Tay n8. Dm trn9. Tay n10. Tay bin trong11. u trt ngoi12. Dn hng13. Dm di121My p trc khuu song ng 315/200My p song ng 315/200K hiu my : 5535Lc danh ngha u trt trong : 315 tnLc danh ngha u trt ngoi : 200 tnHnh trnh ln nht: 630 mmChiu cao kn nh nht: 400 mmS hnh trnh /pht : 10 16 nht/phtKch thc : 6760 x 5830 x 6580122Hydraulic in block constructionMain motorSlide cylinderBlankholdercylinderMain pumpBlankholderguideAdjustment of depth of drawPressure adjustmentLimit switchDraw cushionguideDraw cushionplateLe_0339a_ba123Hydraulic in block constructionMain motorSlide cylinderBlankholdercylinderMain pumpBlankholderguideAdjustment of depth of drawPressure adjustmentLimit switchDraw cushionguideDraw cushionplateLe_0339b_ba124Hydraulic in block constructionMain motorSlide cylinderBlankholdercylinderMain pumpBlankholderguideAdjustment of depth of drawPressure adjustmentLimit switchDraw cushionguideDraw cushionplateLe_0339c_ba125Hydraulic in block constructionMain motorSlide cylinderBlankholdercylinderMain pumpBlankholderguideAdjustment of depth of drawPressure adjustmentLimit switchDraw cushionguideDraw cushionplateLe_0339d_ba126Hydraulic in block constructionMain motorSlide cylinderBlankholdercylinderMain pumpBlankholderguideAdjustment of depth of drawPressure adjustmentLimit switchDraw cushionguideDraw cushionplateLe_0339e_ba127Hydraulic in block constructionMain motorSlide cylinderBlankholdercylinderMain pumpBlankholderguideAdjustment of depth of drawPressure adjustmentLimit switchDraw cushionguideDraw cushionplateLe_0339f_ba128Hydraulic in block constructionMain motorSlide cylinderBlankholdercylinderMain pumpBlankholderguideAdjustment of depth of drawPressure adjustmentLimit switchDraw cushionguideDraw cushionplateLe_0339g_ba129My p trc khuu tam ngc im my tam ng- Ch yu s dng khi dp vutngc S dng my tam ng gims lng nguyn cng dp- u trt ngoi ging nhmy song ng v u trt trong cthm 1 khong dng bt ng.- C thm 1 u trt di lchpha so vi chu trnh 2 u trt trong vngoi.130 th chuyn ng ca my p tam ngChiu su dp vut ngcChiu su dp vut ca u trt trongThi gian dng c cu dn ng pha trnDng u trt trongDng u trt ngoio0 100o160o190o190o200o360oo360o0u trt trongu trtngoi131My p trc khuu dp nngCng dng, lnh vc s dng L dng my ln, siu trng siu trng. S dng cho cc nguyn cng cn thng tr lc bin dng phi rt ln Dng ch to cc chi tit dp khi : trc khuu, bnh rng, cam ..c im cu to ca my Trc khuu l trc lc tm, hnh trnh ngn : Do lc ln nn cn cng vng u trt c ui dn hng ph : nguyn nhn do u trt b lch tm vlng khun c nhiu lng khun vi mc bin dng khc nhau Lch trungtm p lc khun. Khng iu chnh c chiu di chiu cao kn bng thay i chiu di taybin Thay i bng thay i chiu cao bn my (s dng chm) C c y trn v y di do c kh nng phi dnh c trn v di hai nakhun Gim gc nghing lng khun tit kim vt liu C c cu cn bng u trt C c cu cu kt : nng mang bnh ln bng ecu thy lc132S my p trc khuu dp nng1. ui dn hng ph2. Bnh rng nh3 . Bnh rng ln v ly hp ma st4. u trt5. Chm bn my6. Phanh7. Bnh 8. Phanh bnh 9. C cu cn bng9Chiu di hnh trnh my c nh, cho php thao tc lch tm nhng khng th dp nhiu ln mt vt dp trn mt lng khun.133S my p trc khuu dp nng1. Phanh chnh2. Phanh bnh 3,4 . B truyn ai5. Trng trung gian6 B truyn bnh rng7. Trc khuu8. Bin9. Li hp ma st10. Bnh 11. u trt12. Bn my134Mt s Kt cu my p trc khuu dp nng135Ct bin My dp nng My cn chu k L nung Ct phiDy chuyn dp nng c s dng my p trc khuu dp nng136Cc dng sn phm ch to trn my p trc khuu dp nng1372.5.cc loi my chuyn dngMy kiu quayMy p Vt1382.5.1.1. Nguyn l tc dng v tnh nng cng ngh-Trc vt - ai c vi ren khng t hm : Gc nng ren ln hn gc ma st- Rng ren l hnh vung hoc ren Accimet: m bo c bn ln2.5.1. My p kiu vt139S My p ma st trc vtVtChuyn ng xonChuyn ng quayC tnh tin ai cng ynTnh tinQuayThng thngVt chuyn ng xonai c ng yn140Nguyn l hot ng My p vtXt mt my p vt chuyn ng vt l quay v tnh tin, ai c ng yn - Phn ng (quay v tnh tin) bao gm :Bnh - quay Vt - chuyn ng xon u trt tnh tin- Nguyn l : Phn ng c truyn dn s chuyn ng xung di vi vn tc nhtnh to ra nng lng lm bin dng do vt dpKhi bt u phn ng chm vt : ta ct truyn ng cho vtBin dng do vt dp bng ng nng tch lu phn ng.Khng c mi lin h gia c cu chp hnh v c cu dn ngGing my Ba - Tiu th ht nng lng mi dng phn ngPhn ng c tc ln hn my p nhng nh hn my baTc bin dng khng ln lmnh gi bng nng lng tch lu phn ngnh gi bng c lc p danh ngha Lc tc dng ln thn lnGing my pL my trung gian gia my ba v my p (my lng tnh)141Chn my v cc nguyn cng s dng my p vtA bin dng do A Cng A ma stA cn li vo bin dng n hi khung myThng dng A h tnh bn chi tit my- Lc to ra trong nguyn cng chn gi l lc p danh nghaMy p vt thng s dng vo cc nguyn cng chn u cc chi tit chui di- My p vt phi C phi khi gia cngkim loi. Khng c phi s dn n vap cng Lc tc dng vo khungthn my ln gp 2 3 ln tr s lc tnhcho khung thn Hng khun.142- Do Nng lng sinh ra c tch lu thnh ng nng u trt s sdng vo :+. Bin dng do vt rn : Ag+. Thng ma st : AT+. Bin dng n hi h thng my : AyLc pht sinh vo bin dng n hi trong qu trnh gia cng s ph thuc vo iukin lm vic ca my :Tr lc bin dng vt rn l ln Lc pht sinh vo n hi l nhTr lc bin dng vt rn l nh Lc pht sinh vo n hi l lnV lc pht sinh vo n hi ln nht khi va p ngui m khng c vt rn.Khi hot ng bt buc phi c vt rn1432.5.1.2. Phn loi My p vtCn c ng hc c cu truyn ng chnh phn my p vt thnh 3 loi :- My p vt c vt chuyn ng xon- My p vt c vt chuyn ng quay- My p vt c vt chuyn ng tnh tinCn c vo c cu dn ng v c cu truyn my p vt ma st 1 a, 2 a, 3 a- My p vt ma stmy p vt ma st a hnh cn- My p vt in cung- My p vt thu lc- My p vt kh nn144Phn loi My p vt ma stMy p vt ma st 1 a, 2 a, 3 aMy p vt ma st a hnh cn, dn ng trc tip t ng c145My p vt ma stThuc loi my rn c c cu truyn ma stCng dng : Dng cho c dp khi v dp tm nhng thun li nhtl chi tit trng xoay dng chui di.My p vt ma st 2 a hnh cnVt quay - ai c chuyn ngMy p vt ma st 2 a phngVt chuyn ng xon146My p vt ma st iu khin tay nmy c lc p danh ngha nhMy p vt ma st iu khin kh nn my c lc p danh ngha lnMy p vt ma st147My p vt ma st148My p vt in cung stato149My p vt in cung stato1502.5.1.3. lnh vc s dng My p vtDp th tch trn my p ma st trc vt- My p MSTV c hnh trnh khng c nh ging nh my ba, nn c th dp nhiu ln mt vt dp trn mt lng khun.- So vi my p trc khuu cng c, c th ch to c sn phm c kch thc ln hn.- Hnh trnh ln hn METK nn c th dp c cc vt dp cao hn.- Tc bin dng trn my p MSTV nh hn so vi trn my ba.- Khng cho php dp lch tm do c im kt cu ca my (cong vt). - Do ch dp c cc chi tit c dng trn xoay.- My p MSTV c c cu y di cho nn c th dp c cc chi tit c chui di vi gc nghing thnh lng khun khng ng k.- Kt cu khun ging nh trn METK dp nng.- Trn my p MSTV c th dng khun kn hoc p chy hoc khun dp vi ci ghp 2 na.Cng dng : S dng c trong dp tm v dp khi, ph hp nht l cc chi tit chn dng chui di151S dng My p vt ma stCh khi s dng my p ma st trc vt- Ch nn dp cc chi tit c dng trn xoay. Khng cho php dp lch tm do c im kt cu ca my c th dn n cong vt cong vt- Khng c php s dng my m khng c vt rn v lun lun phi m bochiu cao vt rn hoc chiu cao khun phi ln hn 1 gi tr cho php tuthuc vo tng loi my :V d : my p vt ma st 630 tn : khong cch l 450 mm.Nguyn nhn : - Do kt cu ca my : r gy phn ni gia vt v u trt do qun tnhMy ph hp nht l cc chi tit chn dng chui di c nguyn cng chn u: do c im chi tit chui di c vai Lc tc dng vo vai l ch yu.Phn cn nn y nh l ly c ra 1522.5.2. my p kiu quay Cng dng v phn loi My kiu quay dp tm rn dp th tch v cn hnhMy ct dao aMy cn rnMy nnMy t ng cn renMy unMy ln rngMy ln nh hnhMy nnMy unMy nong l, cn thp hnh v bnh xeMy mit quayMy rn quayMy cn chu kMy mit quayMy to y (ni hi) bng cch lnMy to hnhPhn lm 2 nhm153c im Nguyn cng cng tc c thc hin trong khi phi chuyn ng Phic gia cng mt cch lin tc Ch yu sn xut cc vt nh hnh, kh nng ch to cc chi tit c chiu ditheo mun (chiu di v tn) Thng s c bn l mmen xon tc dng ln trc chnh154 Nn phng, nn thng Nguyn l S dng cc con ln Phi c bin dng doCc trc ln b tr lch nhauAS my nn 5 trc C th nn theo phng ng vi 2 hng l trn v l di C th nn khng gian : thm 2 qu l cnh C th cho phi chuyn ng quay hoc phi ng yn l chuyn ng trnxung quanh (M hnh my nn dy trong xy dng)2.5.2.1. My nn 155Trc nnPhiS my nnTm cng mng s qu nn cng ln156S my nnS my ct di1572.5.2.2. My cn rn (my cn chu k)Cng dng, lnh vc hot ng- Thng thng s dng trong dy chuyn dp nng tin hnh ch tophi cho my dp nngc imS ng My cn rnLc p nhBin dng nh158My cn chu k1592.5.2.3. My rn quay, my rn hng knh v cc my chuyn mn ha- Dng tp cc chi tit c hoc rnghnh tr, tr bc, cn- u ba (ci) va chuyn ng quay trnva tnh tin hng knh- L my lm vic trng thi nng- Ch to cc chi tit dng trc bc, trcrngc imKh nng12d64 5 3 1 2d 10 4a62dd181 3 2 4 711 9 1 13 3 chnh xc khng caoKhng khng ch c hnh trnh myRn trc bcRn trc cnMy rn quay160M hnh my rn quay VIDEO161Rn nng rngRn trcM phng rn nng162Mt s dng phi rn trn my rn quay163S khc nhau c bn gia my rn hng knh vi my rn quay l: my rn hng knh cc u trt khng quay m ch chuyn ng hng knh nh c cu bin trc khuu (khng nh con ln)- Phi quay t ngu im my rn hng knh- Khong chy ca u ba cth iu chnh c,- n hn my rn quay, chnh xc cng cao hn;- C th ch to c cc chi titb mt nhn khng cn qua giacng ct gtMy rn hng knh1642.5.2.4. My mitCng dng, lnh vc hot ng- Mit tm, mit khi- Theo phng php mit :Kt cu myNh my tin : ch khc l thaydao ct bng c cu con ln mitMit xuiMit ngcS mit quay a) Mit xui;b)Mit ngcDng mitMm cpThit b dp to hnh My p c kh Copyright L Trung KinVideo Mit KhiVideo Mit Tm165Mt s dng sn phm mit166Nguyn l ca qu trnh mit tm167Mt s dng my mitMy mit th cng168My mit c ln169Mt s dng dng v con ln mitMy mit iu khin theo chng trnh CNC 1702.5.2.5. My rt vnhCng dng, lnh vc hot ng- S dng ch to cc chi tit dngvnh c kch thc ln m cn c tnhcaoPhng php rt vnhPhng php c171Phng php rt ng172S quy trnh cng ngh rtCt, nung phi Chn t, nong l Rt vnhNung phi Chn t, nong l Rt vnh173Nguyn l rtS my dt vnh174Sn phmChn, t lRt vnhNung phiNhit luynThit b dp to hnh My p c kh Copyright L Trung KinVIDEO1752.5.2.6. My ct dao aCng dng, lnh vc hot ng- My ct a dng cttm hoc pha dc cc cunkim loi thnh cc di di.- c im ca my ct al dao ct c hnh dng atrn.Phn loi- My ct mt a- Hai a - Nhiu a My ct hai a1. ng c; 2. Li hp in t; 3. a ct176My ct nhiu a1- Tang phi; 2- Cc a ct; 3 -Tang cun; 4, 5, 6 - Cc ng c177S my ct dao a