CHƯƠNG 6: THANH TOÁN TRONG THƯƠNG MẠI ĐIỆN TỬchauthongphan.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/0/6/65061775/chuong_6.pdf · Khách hàng sở hữu các loại thẻ mang thương

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CHNG 6:THANH TON TRONG

THNG MI IN T

GV: ThS.Nguyn Th Trn Lc

Email: [email protected]

Ni dung

Thanh ton truyn thng v thanh ton trong TMT1

Giao dch thanh ton in t2

Quy trnh thanh ton qua mng3

Thanh ton v xut trnh ha n in t4

Nhng h thng thanh ton trong giao dch B2B5

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I. Thanh ton truyn thng & thanh ton trong TMT

Thanh ton truyn thng: hnh thc thanh ton cs dng trong mi trng kinh doanh truyn thngnh: thanh ton trc tip, chuyn khon, gi tin quabu in,

Thanh ton trong thng mi in t: hnh thcthanh ton s dng cho cc giao dch thc hin trnmng Internet thng qua cc loi th, v in t, scin t, chuyn khon,...

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I.1. Thanh ton truyn thng

Thanh ton truyn thng: hnh thc thanh ton cs dng trong mi trng kinh doanh truyn thngnh: thanh ton trc tip, chuyn khon, gi tin quabu in,

Trong trng hp cc bn i tc cc nc khcnhau, c cc hnh thc thanh ton:

Phng thc chuyn tin: thng qua ngn hng

Chuyn tin bng in

Chuyn tin bng th

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I.1 Thanh ton truyn thng (tt)

Phng thc nh thu: Ngi xut khu sau khi honthnh nhim v xut chuyn hng ho cho ngi nhpkhu th u thc cho ngn hng phc v mnh thu h stin ngi nhp khu trn c s hi phiu do mnh lpra

Phng thc tn dng chng t: l mt s tho thunm trong mt ngn hng theo yu cu ca khchhng s tr mt s tin nht nh cho mt ngi th 3hoc chp nhn hi phiu do ngi th 3 k pht trongphm vi s tin , khi ngi th 3 ny xut trnh bchng t thanh ton ph hp vi nhng quy nh ratrong th tn dng

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I.1 Thanh ton truyn thng (tt)

Phng thc COD & CAD: CAD Cash againstdocuments, hay COD: Cash on delivery l phng thcthanh ton trong t chc nhp khu da trn c shp ng ngoi thng s yu cu ngn hng bn xutkhu m mt ti khon tn thc (Trust account) thanh ton tin cho t chc xut khu xut trnh y chng t theo tha thun.

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I.1 Thanh ton truyn thng (tt)Phng thc ghi s open account

y thc cht l mt hnh thc mua bn chu. Phngthc ny p dng trong mua bn hng ha quc t nhsau:

Nh xut khu (ngi ghi s) sau khi hon thnh nghav ca mnh (thng l ngha v giao hng) quy nhtrong hp ng ngoi thng (hp ng c s) s mmt quyn s n ghi n.

Nh nhp khu (ngi c ghi s), bng mt n vtin t nht nh v n tng nh k nht nh do haibn tha thun, s dng phng thc chuyn tin thanhton cho ngi ghi s.

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I.1 Thanh ton truyn thng (tt)Phng thc y thc mua hng (Authority to

purchase A/P

A/P l mt phng thc thanh ton p dng trong hotng mua bn hng ha quc t

Trong Ngn hng ca nh nhp khu, theo yu cuca nh nhp khu, ra vn bn yu cu ngn hng il nc xut khu pht hnh mt A/P cam kt s muahi phiu ca nh xut khu k phiu vi iu kinchng t xut trnh ph hp vi cc iu kin t ratrong A/P v phi c i din ca nh nhp khu xcnhn thanh ton.

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I.2 Thanh ton trong TMT

Thanh ton trong thng mi in t: hnh thcthanh ton s dng cho cc giao dch thc hin trnmng Internet thng qua cc loi th, v in t, scin t, chuyn khon,..

Tuy nhin, hin nay Vit Nam ang tn ti nhnghnh thc sau:

Thanh ton trc tuyn: Mt s website ti Vit Nam c hnh thc thanh ton trc tuyn gip cho vic muahng v thanh ton n gin, tin li.

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I.2 Thanh ton trong TMT (tt)

Thanh ton bng th tn dng hoc ghi n quc t:Khch hng s hu cc loi th mang thng hiu Visa,Master, American Express, JCB c th thanh ton trctuyn ti hn 60 website kt ni vi cng thanh tonOnePAY.

Thanh ton bng th ghi n ni a: Ch th a nngng , ch th Connect24 Vietcombank, v 1 s ngnhng khc c th thc hin thanh ton trc tuyn ticc website kt ni vi Ngn hng ng v cngthanh ton OnePAY.

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Thanh ton bng v in t: S hu v in t caMobivi, Payoo, VnMart, khch hng c th thanh tontrc tuyn trn mt s website chp nhn v in tny.

Tr tin mt khi giao hng: y vn l hnh thcthanh ton ch yu khi mua hng qua cc trang web vm bo an ton, khch hng nhn ng hng tmua th mi tr tin.

Chuyn khon ngn hng: Thng qua ATM hoc giaodch trc tip ti ngn hng, ch ti khon chuyn khonsang ti khon ca ngi bn mt s tin trc khi nhnhng.

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Gi tin qua bu in hoc h thng chuyn tinquc t: Trong trng hp ngi mua hoc ngi bn cch xa, li khng c ti khon ngn hng th c thdng cch ny. Tuy nhin s tn mt khon ph chuyntin ty dch v ca tng ngn hng.

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II. Giao dch thanh ton in t

Cc giao dch thanh ton in t c th s dng:

Th thanh ton

V in t

Chuyn khon

Th co

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I. Thanh ton trong TMT

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Th thanh ton1

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3

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V in t

Sc in t

Th in t

Cc loi khc

II.1 Th thanh ton

Th thanh ton l mt phng tin thanh ton khngdng tin mt c cung cp bi ngn hng hoc cccng ty ln.

Th cng c dng rt tin mt ti cc ngn hngi l hoc cc my rt tin t ng.

S tin thanh ton hay rt ra phi nm trong phm vis d trong ti khon tin gi hoc hn mc tn dngngn hng cho php.

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I.1 Th thanh ton (tt)

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2

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Cc loi th thanh ton

Li ch khi s dng th thanh ton

Ri ro khi s dng th thanh ton

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Phn loi theo cng ngh sn xut

Phn loi theo tnh cht thanh ton

Phn loi theo phm vi lnh th

Phn loi theo ch th pht hnh

II.1.1 Cc loi th thanh ton

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II.1.1.1 Phn loi theo cng ngh sn xut

Th khc ch ni: y l loi th c lm da trnk thut khc ch ni. Trn b mt th nhng thng tincn thit c khc ni.

Hin nay ngi ta khng dng loi th ny na v kthut sn xut qua th s, d b lm gi.

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II.1.1.1 Phn loi theo cng ngh sn xut (tt)Th bng t: Th ny c sn xut da trn k thut

th tn vi hai bng t cha thng tin mt sau ca th.

Th loi ny c s dng ph bin trong vng 20 nmtr li y nhng bc l mt s im yu:

d b li dng do thng tin ghi trong th khng t m hoc

c th c th d dng nh thit b c gn vi my vi tnh

th ch mang thng tin c nh

khu vc cha tin hp, khng p dng cc k thut m baan ton.

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II.2.1.1 Phn loi theo cng ngh sn xut (tt)Th bng t:

(1) is the magnetic stripe.

(2) is the signature strip

(3) is the CVC2 code

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II.1.1.1 Phn loi theo cng ngh sn xut (tt)Th thng minh (Smart Card): y l th h mi

nht ca th thanh ton. Th thng minh c sn xutda trn k thut vi x l tin hc, nh gn vo th mtchp in t m th c cu to ging nh mt my tnhhon ho.

Th thng minh c nhiu nhm vi dung lng nhkhc nhau.

Hin nay, th thng minh uc s dng rt ph bintrn th gii v c u im v mt k thut an toncao, kh lm gi c, ngoi ra cn lm cho qu trnhthanh ton thun tin, an ton v nhanh chng hn.

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II.1.1.1 Phn loi theo cng ngh sn xut (tt)Th thng minh (Smart Card):

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II.1.1.2 Phn loi theo tnh cht thanh tonTh tn dng: y l loi th c s dng ph bin

hin nay.

Ch th c s dng mt hn mc tn dng tun honkhng phi tr li mua hng ho v dch v.

Cui thng, khch hng s nhn c mt bng sao k(sao k l mt bng k chi tit cc khon chi tiu v trn ca ch th cng li v ph pht sinh trong mt chuk s dng th).

Sao k c gi cho ch th hng thng ngay sau ngylp bng sao k) do ngn hng gi ti.

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II.1.1.2 Phn loi theo tnh cht thanh ton

Th tn dng:

Nu khch hng thanh ton c ht s tin n th skhng phi tr li.

Cn nu tr c mt phn th ch th phi tr li, trph hoc b pht theo quy nh ca ngn hng trongtng thi k.

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II.1.1.2 Phn loi theo tnh cht thanh ton

Th tn dng:

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II.1.1.2 Phn loi theo tnh cht thanh ton (tt)

Th ghi n: Loi th ny c quan h trc tip v gnlin vi ti khon tin gi hoc ti khon sc.

Khi mua hng ho, dch v, gi tr giao dch s ckhu tr ngay lp tc vo ti khon ca ch th thngqua cc thit b in t t ti ni tip nhn th.

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Th ghi n:

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Th rt tin mt t ng: (Th ATM) : L loi thghi n cho php ch th s dng th rt tin mt tti khon ca ch th ti cc my rt tin t ng(ATM) hoc s dng cc dch v khc m my ATMcung ng.

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Th rt tin mt t ng:

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II.1.1.3 Phn loi theo phm vi lnh th

Th trong nc: L li thc s dng trong phm vimt quc gia, do vy ngtin giao dch l ng bn t.

Th cng c cc c imnh cc loi th khc, tuynhin im khc ch yu lphm vi s dng.

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II.1.1.3 Phn loi theo phm vi lnh th

Th quc t: L loi th c chpnhn thanh ton trn ton cu, s dngngoi t mnh thanh ton.

Th ny c khch hng a chungdo tnh thun li, an ton.

Cc ngn hng cng c c li chng k vi loi th ny nh nhnc nhiu s gip trong nghincu th trng, chi ph xy dng c schp nhn th thp hn so vi t hotng...

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II.1.1.4 Phn loi theo ch th pht hnh

Th do ngn hng pht hnh: y l loi th do ngnhng cung cp cho khch hng, gip khch hng sdng linh hot ti khon ca mnh hoc s dng s tindo ngn hng cp tn dng.

Th ny c pht trin rng khng ch trong phm vimt quc gia m pht trin trn phm vi ton thgii.

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II.1.1.4 Phn loi theo ch th pht hnh (tt)

Th do cc t chc phi ngn hng pht hnh: y lth du lch, gii tr cho cc tp on kinh doanh lnnh Diners Club, Amex,... Th cng c s dng trnphm vi ton cu vi cc quy trnh thanh ton khngkhc nhiu so vi th do ngn hng pht hnh.

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II.1.2 Li ch khi s dng th thanh ton

i vi ch th (Cardholder)

Th tn dng l hnh thc chi tiu trc, tr tin sau.

Khc vi cho vay thng thng, th cho php khchhng s dng tn dng ca ngn hng m khng phin ngn hng xin vay.

Vi hnh thc cho vay thng thng khi n hn khchhng phi thanh ton ht mt ln th th tn dng chophp khch hng c th thanh ton mt lng ti thiuhoc c th tr hn hn mc ny m khng phi chumt khon pht no t ngn hng.

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II.1.2 Li ch khi s dng th thanh ton (tt)


Thng thng khch hng khng tr ht ngay mt lnmc d h c tin thanh ton.

Theo thng k, phn ln khch hng khng tr ngayton b s tin thanh ton.

Xt v kha cnh an ton, vic th b ri hoc mt cpcha chc b ri ro mt tin. iu ny khc vi tinmt khi mt ngha l kh nng mt tin l chc chn.

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Khi s dng th tn dng, khch hng khng phi mangtheo mt lng tin mt ln d gy ri ro b mt cngnh vic bo qun cng rt phc tp.

Cha k n vic rt bt tin khi s dng tin mt khitiu cc nc khc nhau.

Vic dng th tn dng hoc th thanh ton m bo khnng chi tiu a ngoi t, khng b l thuc vo ngoi tca nc no.

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Vi vic ra i Internet v cc dch v ton cu khc,th tn dng ng vai tr rt ln trong vic cho phpngi mua hng c th t mua hng qua Internet.

=>C th ni thng mi in t pht trin da vo rtnhiu kh nng s dng tin in t, c bit l th thanhton.

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i vi ngi bn hng (VCNT) (Merchant hayRetailer)

Vic s dng th lm cng c thanh ton lm chongi tiu dng thun tin v d dng hn trong vicmua hng.

=>iu ny to iu kin cho ngi bn hng c c hitng doanh s bn hng ca mnh.

To c hi m rng th trng bn hng cho ngibn. Th trng s tr thnh ton cu i vi h mtkhi cho php ngi tiu dng mua bn hng ho trnInternet hoc trong kinh doanh thng mi in t.

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i vi ngi bn hng (VCNT) (Merchant hayRetailer)

Vi vic chp nhn th thanh ton, ngi bn hng ckh nng gim thiu cc chi ph v qun l tin mt nhbo qun, kim m np vo ti khon ngn hng...

Ngoi ra, vic thanh ton gia ngi mua v ngi bnc ngn hng bo m va nhanh chng, thun tinv chnh xc.

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i vi ngn hng

Th tn dng l mt cch d nht cho ngn hng mrng tn dng v cng l mt phng thc to thun tincho khch hng mun vay ngn hng.

Do hn mc tn dng l tun hon nn khch hng cth vay tin, hon tr v vay li tip m khng phi nngn hng xin khon vay mi.

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II.1.2 Li ch khi s dng th thanh ton (tt)i vi ngn hng

Khi khch hng thanh ton, hn mc tn dng tng c tng ln.

=>iu ny ng ngha vi vic khch hng cngn hng chp nhn mt khon vay mi (hn mc tndng mi).

Vic s dng th thanh ton to iu kin cho cc ngnhng c th m rng th trng v tng thm khchhng m khng cn phi m thm nhiu chi nhnh.

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II.1.2 Li ch khi s dng th thanh ton (tt)i vi ngn hng

Ngoi ra, mt cch gin tip, lng tin gi ca khchhng xt trn c hai i tng: ch th (ngi mua) vngi bn s tng ln v c hai i tng ny u cnhng li ch nht nh khi chp nhn s dng th thanhton

Vic thanh ton bng th to iu kin huy ng vncho ngn hng, b sung ngun vn cho ngn hng.

Ngn hng c th s dng tt ngun vn thanh ton ny phc v hot ng sn xut doanh.

=>y l mt ngun vn rt ln cn c khai thc42

II.1.3 Ri ro khi s dng th thanh ton

n pht hnh vi cc thng tin gi mo:

Ngn hng c th pht hnh th cho khch hng c nxin pht hnh vi cc thng tin gi mo do khng thmnh k cc thng tin m khch hng a n.

=>Trng hp ny c th dn n nhng ri ro v tndng cho ngn hng pht hnh khi ch th s dng thhoc khng c kh nng thanh ton.

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II.1.3 Ri ro khi s dng th thanh ton (tt)

Th gi:

Th do cc t chc ti phm hoc cc c nhn lm givi cc thng tin c c t cc chng t giao dch hocth b mt cp, tht lc.

Th gi c s dng to ra cc giao dch gi mo gytn tht cho ngn hng pht hnh bi theo quy nh cat chc th quc t, ngn hng pht hnh phi chu honton trch nhim vi mi giao dch s dng th gi cm s (PIN) ca ngn hng pht hnh.

=>y l ri ro c bit nguy him kh qun l v nmngoi s tin liu ca ngn hng pht hnh.

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Th b mt cp, tht lc:

Ch th b mt cp, tht lc th v b ngi khc sdng trc khi ch th kp thng bo cho ngn hngpht hnh c bin php hn s dng th hoc thu hith.

Cc t chc ti phm c th in ni v m ho li cc th thc hin cc giao dch gi.

Trng hp ny d dn n ri ro cho ch th hoc ngnhng pht hnh.

Loi ri ro ny chim t l ln trong cc loi, xp x49%.

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Ch th khng nhn c th do ngn hng phthnh gi n:

Ngn hng pht hnh gi th cho ch th bng ngbu in nhng th b nh cp trn ng gi.

Th b s dng trong khi ch th chnh thc khng bitg v vic th c gi cho mnh.

=>Nu khng c bin php g qun l m bo, ngnhng pht hnh chu mi ri ro i vi cc giao dchtrong trng hp ny

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Thanh ton hng ho, dch v qua th, in thoi:

C s chp nhn th cung cp hng ho, dch v quath, in thoi trn s s thng tin v th nh: loi th,s th, ngy hiu lc, tn ch th.

Trong trng hp ch th chnh thc khng phi lngi t mua hng th giao dch c s chp nhnth b ngn hng thanh ton t chi thanh ton.

=>Trng hp ny d dn n ri ro cho c s chp nhnth hoc ngn hng thanh ton

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Ti khon ca ch th b li dng:

n k pht hnh li th, ngn hng pht hnh nhnc thng bo thay i a ch ca ch th v c yucu gi v a ch mi.

Do khng kim tra tnh xc thc ca thng bo nnngn hng pht hnh gi th v a ch theo yu cunhng thc ra y khng phi l yu cu ca ch thch thc.

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Ti khon ca ch th b li dng:

Ti khon ca ch th b ngi khc s dng v chc pht hin khi ch th khng nhn c th nnlin lc vi ngn hng pht hnh hoc khi ngn hngyu cu ch th thanh ton sao k.

=>Trng hp ny d dn n ri ro cho ch th hocngn hng pht hnh

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Nhn vin c s chp nhn th in nhiu ho nthanh ton ca ch th.

Khi thc hin giao dch, nhn vin c s chp nhn th c tnh in nhiu b ho n thanh ton th nhngch giao mt b ho n cho ch th k hon thnhgiao dch.

Sau nhn vin c s chp nhn th mo ch k thtca ch th np ho n thanh ton cho ngn hngthanh ton.

=>Trng hp ny d dn n ri ro cho ngn hng phthnh hoc c s chp nhn th.

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To bng t gi:

L loi giao dch th s dng k thut cng ngh cao,trn c s thu thp cc thng tin trn bng t ca ththt thanh ton ti c s chp nhn th, cc t chc tiphm lm th gi s dng phn mm ring m hov in to ra cc bng t trn th gi.

Sau chng thc hin giao dch gi mo th.

Loi gi mo ny ang tng nhanh cc nc tin tin

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II.2 V in t

Tin in t l tin c s ha, tc l tin dngnhng bit s.

Tin in t ch c s dng trong mi trng in tphc v cho nhng thanh ton in t thng qua hthng thng tin bao gm h thng mng my tnh,Internet v cc phng tin in t c lu tr trongc s d liu ca t chc pht hnh (bn th 3) vc biu hin di dng bt t trn ti khon mkhch hng (ngi mua) m ti t chc pht hnh.

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II.2 V in t (tt)

Tin in t l phng tin ca thanh ton in tc bo mt bng ch k in t, v cng nh tingiy n c chc nng l phng tin trao i v tchly gi tr.

Gi tr ca tin giy c m bo bi chnh ph phthnh

gi tr ca tin in t c t chc pht hnh m bobng vic cam kt s chuyn i tin in t sang tingiy theo yu cu ca ngi s hu

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II.2 V in t (tt)

Tin in t l phng tin ca thanh ton in tc bo mt bng ch k in t, v cng nh tingiy n c chc nng l phng tin trao i v tchly gi tr.

Gi tr ca tin giy c m bo bi chnh ph phthnh

Gi tr ca tin in t c t chc pht hnh m bobng vic cam kt s chuyn i tin in t sang tingiy theo yu cu ca ngi s hu

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II.2. V in t (tt)

V s hay v in t: l mt thut ng dng trong giaodch thng mi in t.

Mt v in t hot ng ging nh mt v thngthng.

V in t ban u c coi l mt phng php lutr nhiu dng tin in t (e-cash) khc nhau

=> khng mang li nhiu thnh cng, nn n pht trinthnh mt dng dch v cho php ngi dng Internet lutr v s dng thng tin trong mua bn.

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II.2 V in t (tt)

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II.2. V in t (tt)

Thut ng v in t ngy cng c s dng miu t ng dng ca in thoi di ng, c bit lin thoi c h iu hnh, c th lu tr thng tin bomt ca ngi dng v s dng cng ngh mng khngdy thc hin giao dch.

Ti khon ngn hng c nhn thng c kt ni viv in t.

H cng c th lu s bng li, th y t, th khchhng, v cc giy t nhn dng khc trong in thoi.

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II.2. V in t (tt)

Nhng thng tin bo mt ny s c chuyn n bntip nhn ca ca hng thng qua thit b kt ni phmvi gn NFC.

Mt s ngi phng on rng trong tng lai v int s thay th nhng chic v thc

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II.2. V in t (tt)

Cng ngh v in t bao gm:

phn mm

thit b thng tin.

Phn mm cung cp ch bo mt v m ha chothng tin c nhn v giao dch thc t.

Thng thng, khch hng t gi v bo qun v int v hon ton tng thch vi cc trang web thngmi in t.

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II.2. V in t (tt)

V in t server, cng c gi l v mng, l loi v mmt t chc to ra cho khch hng c lu tr trnserver ca h.

V in t server ang c cc nh bn l a chungv tnh bo mt, hiu qu, c th thm tin ch chongi dng, lm tng s thch th khi mua bn.

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II.2. V in t (tt)

Thit b thng tin thc cht l c s d liu thng tindo ngi dng t thm vo

Cc thng tin ny bao gm:

a ch chuyn hng

a ch ha n

cch thc thanh ton (bao gm s th tn dng, ngy hthn, v s bo mt)

cc thng tin khc

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II.2. V in t (tt)

Cch ng k v s dng V in t:

ngi dng c th ng k n gin v d dng.

Khi phn mm c ci t, ngi dng bt u sdng bng cch nhp cc thng tin vo ng cch.

=>V in t c thit lp.

Ti trang thanh ton ca mt trang thng mi in t,phn mm v in t c kh nng t ng in thngtin ngi dng vo mt n in t.

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II.2. V in t (tt)


Hu ht cc v in t u mc nh gi khi phnmm nhn ra mt mu n n c th in vo, nu bnchn in t ng, bn s c gi mt khu.

=>iu ny c th ngn chn ngi dng bt hp phptruy cp thng tin c nhn c lu trn my tnh

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II.2. V in t (tt)


V in t c thit k hot ng chnh xc khichuyn d liu ti cc n yu cu thanh ton; tuynhin, nu mt trang thng mi in t no c mth thng thanh ton khc bit, v in t c th skhng t ng in vo n thanh ton c.

=>Vi cng ngh ECML, ngi dng s khng phi gpiu phin toi ny.

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II.2. V in t (tt)


Li ch cho cc trang thng mi in t: C hn 25%nhng ngi mua hng trn mng hy t hng camnh v qu chn phi in vo ha n thanh ton(theo Graphic Arts Monthly, 1999).

=>V in t gip gii quyt vn ny bng cchmang li cho ngi dng c hi chuyn thng tin bo mtv chnh xc.

=>iu ny n gian ha qu trnh hon thnh giaodch, to ra s tin li cho khch hng.

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II.2. V in t (tt)


Ngn ng mu trong thng mi in t (ECML)l mt giao thc quy nh cch thc bn l to nn ccha n thanh ton.

Nhng doanh nghip tham gia kt hp s dng cngngh v in t v ECML bao gm: Microsoft,Discover, IBM, Omaha Steaks v Dell Computers.

66

II.2. V in t (tt)

Mt s v in t thng dng:

Bo kim : https://www.baokim.vn

Ngn lng: https://www.nganluong.vn

Vn Mart: https://www.vnmart.vn

Payoo: https://www.payoo.com.vn

PayPal: http://paypal.com

Mobivi: https://mca.mobivi.vn

MoMo: http://momo.vn/

Vina Pay: https://www.vinapay.com.vn67

II.2. V in t (tt)


Webmoney: http://www.wmtransfer.com

Payza: http://payza.com

MoneyBookers: http://moneybookers.com

SolidTrustPay: http://solidtrustpay.com

Egopay: http://egopay.com

GlobalDigitalPay: http://globaldigitalpay.com

C-Gold: http://c-gold.com

Mondial Bank : http://mondialbank.net68

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II.2. V in t (tt)


HD-Money: http://hd-money.com

TechnoCash: http://technocash.com

Gold-Pay: http://gold-pay.com

iGolder: http://igolder.com

Liqpay: http://liqpay.com

CosmicPay: http://cosmicpay.com

Neteller: http://neteller.com

69

II.2. V in t (tt)


ECUmoney: http://ecumoney.com

PerfectMoney: http://perfectmoney.com

Pecunix: http://pecunix.com

EuroGoldCash: http://eurogoldcash.com

HooPay: http://hoopay.com

Okpay: http://okpay.com

LibertyReserve: http://libertyreserve.com

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I.3. Sc in t

Sc in t l mt loi sc o, n cho php ngimua thanh ton bng sc qua mng Internet.

Ngi mua s in vo form (tng t nh quyn scc hin th trn mn hnh) cc thng tin v ngnhng ca h, ngy giao dch v tr gi ca giao dch,sau nhn nt send hay submit gi i.

Tt c nhng thng tin hoc s c chuyn nmy tnh ca ch s hu hoc c chuyn ti mttrung tm giao dch, ph thuc vo s la chn ca chs hu

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I.3. Sc in t (tt)

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I.3. Sc in t (tt)

Nm 2012, mt i ng chuyn gia Anh cng b phtminh mi l sc in t, cho php tn dng li th caphng php thanh ton bng sc giy, nhng rt ngnthi gian x l giao dch cng nh loi b c chi phchuyn sc n ngn hng.

Tp sc cng ngh cao c b ngoi cng nh hot ngging sc truyn thng.

Nhng vit hoc k ln tm giy, mt ngi cnphi c bt in t c bit vi kh nng ghi nhn btc nt ch no c vit ln b mt tm sc cha hngtriu im nh.

73

I.3. Sc in t (tt)

Sau , cy bt s chuyn thng tin chi tit v giaodch c thc hin n ngn hng thng qua kt nikhng dy.

Do sc v bt in t ch hot ng thng qua trungtm mng do chnh ngi dng ng k, chng honton v dng nu ri vo tay k xu

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I.4 Thanh ton qua th in t (P2P)

Phng thc thanh ton P2P (Person-to-Person) chophp cc c nhn c th s dng th tn dng hoc tikhon ca h ti ngn hng thanh ton qua th int

75

I.5 Mt s dng thanh ton khc

Ngoi cc dng thanh ton trn, cn c cc dng thanhton nh:

Chuyn khon

Th co

Hnh thc Micropayment

.

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III. Quy trnh thanh ton qua mng

Thanh ton bng th

Thanh ton bng sc in t

Thanh ton qua th in t

Thanh ton qua v in t

77

III.1 Quy trnh thanh ton bng th

78

III.1 Quy trnh thanh ton bng th

79

III.1 Quy trnh thanh ton bng th(tt)

n v chp nhn th (VCNT)

Khch hng sau khi nhn th c th s dng ngay th mua hng ho, dch v ti cc VCNT.

Khch hng xut trnh th, VCNT s tin hnh kimtra tnh hp l ca th.

Sau khi kim tra xong, VCNT s lp ha n thanhton v yu cu ch th k vo .

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III.1 Quy trnh thanh ton bng th (tt)n v chp nhn th (VCNT)

VCNT s so snh ch k vi ch k mu trn th.

Ho n thng c lp thnh 4 lin:

Khch hng gi 1 lin

VCNT gi 1 lin

2 lin s c np li cho ngn hng.

Sau mt khong thi gian nht nh (thng l mttun) cc VCNT s lp bn k cho tng loi th npngn hng ngh thanh ton.

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III.1 Quy trnh thanh ton bng th (tt)Xin cp php

Trng hp gi tr giao dch bng hoc vt mc thanhton, VCNT phi lin h vi ngn hng pht hnhthng qua ngn hng thanh ton v trung tm x l sliu thuc t chc th quc t xin cp php.

Ngn hng pht hnh sau khi kim tra hn mc tn dngs tr li cp php cho VCNT thng qua trung tm vngn hng thanh ton.

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III. Quy trnh thanh ton bng th (tt)

Xin cp php

83

III.1 Quy trnh thanh ton bng th (tt)Thanh ton

Ti ngn hng thanh ton: khi tip nhn ho n vbng k, ngn hng phi tin hnh kim tra tnh hp lca cc thng tin trn ho n.

Nu khng c vn g th ngn hng tin hnh ghi nvo ti khon ca mnh v ghi c vo ti khon caVCNT.

Vic ghi s ny phi tin hnh ngay trong ngy nhnc ho n v chng t ca VCNT.

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Sau ngn hng thanh ton tng hp d liu gi ntrung tm x l d liu (trng hp ni mng trc tip).

Nu ngn hng thanh ton khng c ni mng trctip th gi ho n, chng t n ngn hng m mnhlm i l thanh ton

85


Trung tm s tin hnh chn lc d liu, phn loi btr gia cc ngn hng thanh ton v ngn hng phthnh, ng thi thc hin bo c v bo n trc tip chocc ngn hng thnh vin.

Vic x l b tr, thanh ton c thc hin thng quangn hng thanh ton v ngn hng b tr.

86


Ngn hng pht hnh khi nhn thng tin, d liu xong stin hnh thanh ton.

nh k trong thng, ngn hng pht hnh lp bn saok bo cho ch th cc khon ch th s dng v yucu ch th thanh ton (i vi th tn dng)

87

III.1 Quy trnh thanh ton bng th (tt)

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III.2. Quy trnh thanh ton bng sc in t Phng php Print & Pay: c ngha l in v thanh

ton, s dng phng thc ny khch hng phi muamt phn mm cho php mnh in nhng tm sc ra vchuyn sc n ngn hng ca mnh nhn tin.

Qu trnh x l sc trc tuyn cng ging nh sc thng thng, khi pht sinh thanh ton sc c chuyn nngn hng v phi c ngn hng chng nhn th sc mi c gi tr.

S dng tin ch ny gip khch hnggim c nhiu chi ph giao dch.

89

III.2. Quy trnh thanh ton bng sc in t

Trung tm giao dch: ging nh vic p dng phngphp print& pay, ngi s dng sc phi nhp tt ccc thng tin trn sc vo form ti ca hng o.

Nhng thng tin s c m ho v chuyn trc tipti ngn hng v s c x l trong vng 48 gi

Sau , ton b s tin ca giao dch s c chuyn tti khon ca ngi mua sang ti khon ca ngi bn.

Km theo , l mt bo c trc tuyn vo ti khonca ngi bn v mt bo n c gi bng emailcho ngi mua

90

III.2. Quy trnh thanh ton bng sc in t (tt)

91


=> Phng php s dng trung tm giao dch s nhanhhn phng php print & pay bi v tt c cc thng tincn thit ca khch hng s c nhp trc tip trn mngngay khi giao dch ang c thc hin, v nhng tm sc lun c m bo c gi tr

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93

III.3. Quy trnh thanh ton qua th in t

Ngi mua thc hin thanh ton bng cch gi email n chongi nhn (ngi nhn - ngi bn hng cn tm n ngkt ni vi trang c sn cc mu thanh ton gi v nhn)qua cc bc:

Cung cp s ti khon trc tuyn ca cng ty

Nhn chut vo ng link n trang thanh ton qua th int

Nhp thm tn ca ngi nhn, a ch email, tr gi giao dch,v s th tn dng hay ti khon ni m tin c rt ra t

Ngoi ra c th in thm cc ghi ch c nhn ca ngi nhni vi cc giao dch c bit.

94

III.3. Quy trnh thanh ton qua th in t (tt)

Ti hp th ca ngi nhn s nhn c thng bo:

Tin c gi n

c cung cp mt siu lin kt nhn tin

La chn ni gi tin (hoc l c gi vo ti khonngn hng hoc l c a vo th tn dng).

=> Giao dch thanh ton c hon thin.

95


Phng thc thanh ton ny c u im:

Cc bn khng cn phi cung cp cc thng tin v tikhon ca mnh cho i tc

C th hn ch c mt s ri ro lin quan n vic anton thng tin d liu v ti khon th.

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97

III.4 Quy trnh thanh ton qua v in t

V d: v in t Ngn lng

Ngn lng l mt trong nhng n v thanh ton trctuyn u tin Vit Nam v c xy dng theo mhnh thanh ton trc tuyn ca paypal.

M hnh hot ng ca Ngn Lng l cho php ngimua np tin vo ti khon ca mnh c th nhnmt khon ngn lng tng ng vi s tin camnh c th thc hin cc cuc giao dch mua bnthng qua mng internet v ngc li (1 VN tngng 1 ngn lng).

98

III.4 Quy trnh thanh ton qua v in t (tt)

Khi khch hng mun mua mt sn phm thng quaNgn lng, s tin s chuyn t ti khon ngimua ti ti khon ngi bn thng qua cc c s tichnh ca Ngn Lng.

99


Mt s v d khc:

100

V in t VnMart

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Mt s v d khc:

101

V in t VnMart


Mt s v d khc:

102

V in t Payoo


Mt s v d khc:

103

V in t Payoo thanh ton in nc


Mt s v d khc:

104

V in t Payoo cho in thoi di ng

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Mt s v d khc:

105

V in t Payme

IV. Thanh ton v xut trnh ha n in t Xut trnh ha n in t (EBPP: Electronic bill

presentment and payment): Trnh by v cho phpthanh ton mt ha n trc tuyn. Thng s dngtrong giao dch B2C.

Cc loi ha n:

Ngn hng trc tuyn (Online banking)

Ha n trc tip (Biller direct)

Ha n tng hp (Bill consolidator)

106

IV. Thanh ton v xut trnh ha n in t Ngn hng trc tuyn (Online banking): Ngi tiu

dng ng nhp dch v tr tin ha n ca ngn hngtrc tuyn v t tt c cc khon thanh ton ca mnht mt trang web duy nht.

Mt s ngn hng cung cp dch v min ph vi mtti khon c

Mt s khc cung cp dch v vi ti khon phi duytr 1 s d ti thiu do ngn hng quy nh.

Mt s khc tnh l ph hng thng t 5$ n 7$.

107

IV. Thanh ton v xut trnh ha n in t (tt)

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109


Ha n trc tip (Biller direct): Ngi tiu dngin cc khon thanh ton ti trang web ca mi hon bng th tn dng hoc bng cch cho lp ha ny thng tin hon thnh vic rt in t trctip t ti khon ca ngi tiu dng.

Bc 1: Cc cng c lp ho n h tr xut cc thngtin thanh ton c sn cho khch hng (xut trnh) trntrang web ca mnh hoc cc trang web ca mt dch vlu tr thanh ton.

110

IV. Thanh ton v xut trnh ha n in t (tt) Ha n trc tip (Biller direct) (tt)

Bc 2: Khch hng xem ha n

Bc 3: Khch hng bt u chng thc v xc nhnthanh ton ti cc trang web. Vic thanh ton c thc thc hin bng th tn dng hoc th ghi n hocth ghi n ACH.

Bc 4: Ho n bt u tin trnh giao dch thanh ton

Bc 5: Cc giao dch thanh ton s di chuyn 1 khontin thng qua h thng thanh ton

111


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IV. Thanh ton v xut trnh ha n in t (tt) Ha n tng hp (Bill consolidator):

Khch hng ng k v nhn ha n t nhiu ngunkhc nhau (dch v ban u)

Thng tin ca KH s chuyn n tt c cc ni m KHmun s dng dch v

i vi mi chu k thanh ton, cc ha n s c gitm tt hoc chi tit n cc nh tng hp ha n

Nh tng hp ha n s tm tt ha n, trong chacc link n chi tit ca cc ha n

Khch hng bt u thanh ton113


114

(BPP) Biller

Payment

Provider)


115

Customer

Customer

Service

Provider

(BPP) Biller

Payment

Provider)

(CPP)

Customer

Payment

Provider)

(BSP) Biller

Sevice

Provider)

(BSP) Biller Sevice Provider)

V. Nhng h thng giao dch trong B2B

1

2

3

Xut trnh v thanh ton ha n doanh nghip

Cc m hnh EIPP

Cc ty chn h tr cho EIPP

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V.1. Xut trnh v thanh ton ha n doanh nghip (tt) Enterprise invoice presentment and payment

(EIPP)

i vi nhiu cng ty, xut ha n v thanh ton rttn km v mt thi gian.

N c th c gi ln n 15$ to ra mt ha ngiy v khong 25$ v 50$ gii quyt tranh chpmt ha n.

V mt thanh ton, phi mt 3-5 ngy cho sc n bngth.

117

V.1. Xut trnh v thanh ton ha n doanh nghip

iu ny c ngha l hng triu la thanh ton B2Bb th tri.

Lm gim dng tin ca ngi nhn v lm tng stin m h phi vay trang tri chi vn trn .

Trong bi cnh , thanh ton th cng v chuyn tinc th dn n sai st, m trng tm c th dn ntranh chp gia cc bn thanh ton.

118

V.2. M hnh xut trnh v thanh ton ha n doanh nghip (tt) EIPP t ng ha quy trnh lm vic xut trnh v

thanh ton ha n.

C ba m hnh EIPP:

bn hng trc tip

ngi mua trc tip

Tng hp

119

V.2. M hnh xut trnh v thanh ton ha n doanh nghip (tt) Ngi bn trc tip (Seller Direct)

Gii php ny lin kt mt ngi bn cho nhiu ngimua v xut trnh ha n.

Ngi mua ng k trn trang web ca ngi bn ghidanh vo chng trnh EIPP ca ngi bn.

Cc ngi bn to ra ho n trn h thng v thngbo cho ngi mua nhng sn phm thch hp m ngibn xem.

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V.2. M hnh xut trnh v thanh ton ha n doanh nghip (tt) Ngi bn trc tip (tt)

Ngi mua ng nhp vo trang web ca ngi bn xem xt v phn tch cc ha n.

Ngi mua c th cho php thanh ton ha n hay thathun bt k tranh chp.

Da trn cc quy tc c xc nh trc, tranh chp cth c chp nhn, t chi, hoc xem xt t ng.

Sau khi thanh ton c y quyn v thc hin, t chcti chnh ca ngi bn x l cc giao dch thanh ton....

121

V.2. M hnh xut trnh v thanh ton ha n doanh nghip (tt) Ngi bn trc tip (tt)

M hnh ny thng c s dng khi c c c sthit lp trc trong mi quan h gia ngi bn vngi mua.

Nu mt ngi bn cc vn mt s lng ln cc hon hoc ho n c gi tr cao, sau c th l mtphn tng hp c tr bi vic thc hin EIPP.

=> cc doanh nghip trong sn xut, vin thng, innc, chm sc sc khe, v cc ngnh cng nghip dchv ti chnh s dng m hnh ny thng xuyn.

122

V.2. M hnh xut trnh v thanh ton ha n doanh nghip (tt) Ngi mua trc tip

Trong m hnh ny, mt ngi mua t nhiu ngi bn.

Ngi bn hng ghi danh trong h thng EIPP cangi mua ti trang web ca ngi mua.

Ngi bn gi ho n cho EIPP ca ngi mua, sdng nh dng ca ngi mua.

Sau khi ha n c ng ti, nhn vin ca ngimua s c thng bo.

123

V.2. M hnh xut trnh v thanh ton ha n doanh nghip (tt) Ngi mua trc tip (Buyer Direct)

Ngi mua xem xt v phn tch cc ho n trn hthng.

Ngi mua lin lc khi c bt k tranh chp vi ngibn gii quyt cho thch hp.


Sau khi ha n c chp thun, ngi mua s chophp thanh ton, trong t chc ti chnh ca ngimua s x l.

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V.2. M hnh xut trnh v thanh ton ha n doanh nghip (tt) Ngi mua trc tip

y l mt m hnh mi ni da trn v tr thng tr cangi mua trong giao dch B2B.

Mt ln na, n c s dng khi ngi mua giao dchkt qu trong mt s lng ln ho n.

Cc cng ty nh Wal-Mart ang trong mt v tr vngchc bt u thc hin EIPPs mua trc tip

125

V.2. M hnh xut trnh v thanh ton ha n doanh nghip (tt) Tng hp (Consolidator)

y l mt m hnh nhiu-nhiu vi bn tng hp hotng nh mt trung gian, thu thp hay tp hp ha nt nhiu ngi bn hng v thanh ton t nhiu ngimua.

Bn tng hp ni chung l cc bn th ba khng chcung cp dch v EIPP m cn cung cp cc dch v tichnh khc

126


Trong m hnh ny, nhng ngi bn hng v ngimua ng k vi h thng EIPP ca bn tng hp.

Nhng ngi bn hng to ra v chuyn thng tin han cho h thng EIPP.

Cc bn tng hp thng bo cho t chc mua thch hpha n sn sng.

Ngi mua xem xt v phn tch cc ha n.

127


Tranh chp c truyn t thng qua cc bn tng hpEIPP.


Mt khi ngi mua cho php thanh ton ha n, ccbn tng hp bt u thanh ton: ca ngi mua hoc tchc ti chnh ca ngi bn x l thanh ton.

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M hnh gom loi b s phc tp lin quan thc hin vthc thi mt EIPP.

M hnh t c bao ph trong nhng ngnh cngnghip m nhiu ngi mua da vo cc nh cung cptng ng

129

V.3. Cc ty chn trong thanh ton ca EIPP

Mng ACH (Automated Clearing House Network):h thng chuyn tin in t c nh hng trn tonquc cung cp giao dch thanh ton gia cc lin ngnhng trong thanh ton in t cho cc t chc ti chnhc tham gia.

Mng ACH l cng mt mng lm nn tng cho vicx l in t kim tra

S khc bit l c ba loi thanh ton ca h thng thanhton B2B, m thay i ty theo s lng thng tinchuyn tin i km vi cc khon thanh ton.

130


Thng tin chuyn tin cho php mt ngi mua hocngi bn kim tra cc chi tit ca mt ho nhoc thanh ton c th

Gm c 3 loi mc ACH cho cc giao dch B2B l:

Cash Concentration or Disbursement (CCD)

Cash Concentration or Disbursement with Addenda(CCD+ )

Corporate Trade Exchange (CTX)

131


Mng ACH:

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Th thanh ton: mc ch c bit cp cho nhn vinca mt cng ty ch c s dng mua vt liu vdch v ca cng ty trong mt gii hn s tin cisn (thng t 1000$ n 2000$)

133


Fedwire hoc Chuyn khon.

Trong s cc hnh thc thanh ton in t B2B, Fedwirel ch ng th hai ACH v tn sut s dng.

Fedwire, cn c gi l chuyn khon, l mt h thngchuyn tin pht trin v duy tr bi h thng d tr linbang M.

N thng c s dng vi cc khon thanh ton laln m thi gian l yu t quan trng

134


Fedwire hoc Chuyn khon. 135


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Th tn dng (letter of Credit_LC):

Mt tha thun bng vn bn ca mt ngn hng trcho ngi bn, trn ti khon ca ngi mua, mt stin khi xut trnh cc ti liu nht nh.

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138


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