Chuong4_Ghep Kenh So

7/29/2019 Chuong4_Ghep Kenh So

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1. KHI NIM GHP KNH

FDM ( FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)TDM ( TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)WDM ( WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)CDM ( CODE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)


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2. GH P KNH PHN CHIA THEO T N SFDM

NGUYN L


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2. FDM

H THNG


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2. FDM- GII THIU H THNG AT&T

AT&T (USA)

Group

12 voice channels (4kHz each) = 48kHz

Range 60kHz to 108kHz Supergroup

60 channel

FDM of 5 group signals on carriers between

420kHz and 612 kHz Mastergroup

10 supergroups


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2. FDM- GII THIU H THNG AT&T


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2. FDM-H THNG AT&T LEVEL 1


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9/739



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2. GH P K NH PH N CHIA THEOTN S FDM

V D


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3. GH P KNH PHN CHIA THEOTHI GIAN (TDM)

NGUYN L


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3. TDM

H THNG


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For Analog Signals

64 kbps

64 kbps

64 kbps

64 kbps

64 kbps

FramePattern

MUX

Buffer

Buffer

Buffer

Buffer

Buffer

Codec

Codec

Codec

Codec

Codec

Voice A

Voice B

Voice C

Voice D

Voice X

A B C .... X Fr A B ....

2048 Kbps Clock

3. TDM

V D


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For Digital Signals

Line Code n m Line Speed Overhead

USA T1 64K 24 1.544 Mbps 8 kbps

Europe E1 64K 31 2.048 Mbps 64 kbps

C.O

MUX

CH12

34

M

.

.

.

.

.

C.O

MUX

CH12

34

M

.

.

.

.

.

n bps

n bps

n bps

n bps.....

n bps

n bps

n bps

n bps

n bps.....

n bps

High-SpeedTransmission Line(n m + Overhead)

V D

3. TDM


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TDM-E1


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Serial synchronous bit stream at 2.048 Mbps

Specifications defined in CCITT recommendations:

G.704/G.732 Frame definition (for framingover E1 and T1)

G.703 Interface physical specs(pulse mask, etc.)

G.823 Jitter requirements

Interface (G.703) - two alternatives

4-wire, balanced120W, pulse = 3.00 volts nominal

4-wire, unbalanced, 2 coaxial connectors75W, pulse = 2.37 volts nominal

1. GII THIU E1 (PCM 32)


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1. GII THIU E1 (CONT)

Voice withCAS SignalingApplications

Data Applicationsor

CCS Signaling

30 64 kbps 1.920 MbpsSignaling (Timeslot 16) 0.064 MbpsFraming (Timeslot 0) 0.064 Mbps

Total, E1 2.048 Mbps

31 64 kbps 1.984 MbpsFraming (Timeslot 0) 0.064 Mbps

Total, E1 2.048 Mbps

8 8 8 8 8 8

31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

PCM 30

64 kbps------

64 kbps

1

30 or 31


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2. Frame Format for E1

Channel 0

Sync. Timing

& Control Data

Channel 16

Optional

Signaling Channel

F Channels 1 to 15 Sig Channels 17 to 31

Channel 0 1 15 16 17 31

1 Frame = 256 bits (125 ms)

Bit Rate = 2.048 kbps


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4. G.732/G.704 Framing

Khe thi gian nh s t TS 0 -TS 31.

TS 0 dng cho: Synchronization - Alarm

Transport - International Carrier

TS16 : Channel Associated Signaling (CAS).

G.704 s dng bo hiu Common ChannelSignaling(CCS) nn TS16 s dng cho truyn

data.


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ng dng bnh thng, nu khng s dng ERRORCHECKINGc ch nh bi G.704 -> Timeslot 0 sdng cc International bits v National bits.

G.704 m t ty chn ERROR DETECTION viCRC-4 checksum cho Frames 0 ->7, v Frames 8 ->15. Khi OPTIONAL format s c s dng nhsau:EVEN FRAME's International bit c thay cho

CRC-4 bit.

National Bits c dng nh SPARE BITS.

5. Timeslot 0

6 Ti l 0 N l O i


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6. Timeslot 0 Normal Operation(Without CRC-4)

6 Ti l 0 O i l O i


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S dng 4-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

CRC bits trong Frames 0, 2, 4, v 6dng cho pht hinli transmitted/received SUB-MULTIFRAME(Frames 0 -> 7).

CRC bits trong Frames 8, 10, 12, v 14 dng cho phthin li transmitted/received SUB-MULTIFRAME(Frames 8 -> 15):

6. Timeslot 0 Optional Operation(WITH CRC-4)

6 Ti l 0 O i l O i


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6. Timeslot 0 Optional Operation(WITH CRC-4)


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CCITT G.704, Timeslot 16 c th dng cho thng tinCAS hoc dng truyn data nu CCS.

Trong CCS, Mt giao thc bo hiu s c dng gia

hai thit b kt ni E1: SS7, ISDN, hoc PBX/SwitchProprietary protocols nh sau:

7. Timeslot 16


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Khi Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) c dng,ITU recommendation G.732 s dng "MultiFrame"format bo hiu cho lung E1 nh sau:

4bit u Timeslot 16, Frame 0 dng cho MultiFrameAlignment Signal (MFAS).

7. Timeslot 16 (tt)


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Timeslot 16 ca Frames 1-15 l signaling bits.

Ch trng thi ABCD = 0000 khng c php. Nu tt c cc bit trong Timeslot 16 l 0, => Loss of MultiFrame

Alignment Signal.

Khi ch c A-Bit only signaling is used (No BCD bits), BCD bitss c nh l: B=1, C=0, D=1 (101).

7. Timeslot 16 (tt)

8 T tt TS0 (With t CRC4) &


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Khung

S

TS0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TS16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0

1

2

3

.

.

.

15

8. Tm tt TS0 (Without-CRC4) &TS16(CAS)

8 T tt TS0 (With t CRC4) &


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Khung

S

TS0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TS16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X Y X X

1 I 1 A N N N N N SIG - Ch1 SIG - Ch16

2 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch2 SIG - Ch17


4 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch4 SIG - Ch19


6 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch6 SIG - Ch21


8. Tm tt TS0 (Without-CRC4) &TS16(CAS)

X = Spare Bits, set to 1 if not used. N=National Bits. I =International BitsY = Yellow Alarm (Loss of MultiFrame Alignment Signal)

(0 = Normal | 1 = Loss of MFAS)

8 T tt TS0 (With t CRC4)


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Khung

S

TS0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TS16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch8 SIG - Ch23


10 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch10 SIG - Ch25


12 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch12 SIG - Ch27


14 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 SIG - Ch14 SIG - Ch29


8. Tm tt TS0 (Without-CRC4)&TS16(CAS)

X = Spare Bits, set to 1 if not used. N=National Bits. I =International BitsY = Yellow Alarm (Loss of MultiFrame Alignment Signal)

(0 = Normal | 1 = Loss of MFAS)

9 NH DNG A KHUNG E1


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10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Multiframe (16 frames)

Frame 0 (32 Time Slots)

10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 31

Time Slot 0(8 bits)

0I 0 1 1 0 1 1

Time Slot 16(8 bits)

00 0 0 X Y X X

Time Slot 0(8 bits)

1I A N N N N N

Time Slot 16Signalling Bits

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

SpeechCh. 1-15

SpeechCh. 16-30

SpeechCh. 1-15

SpeechCh. 16-30

Frame

Time Slot

Frame

AlignmentWord

Multi-Frame

AlignmentWord

Changes to 1 on

loss of distantmultiframe

Changes to 1 on

loss of distant frame(remote alarm)Not-Framealignment word

A B C D A B C D

ch1-15

Frame 1->15 (32 Time Slots)

10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 31

16-30

9. NH DNG A KHUNG E1(Without- CRC-4 & CAS)

X = Spare Bits, set to 1 if not used. N=National Bits. I =International BitsY = Yellow Alarm (Loss of MultiFrame Alignment Signal)(0 = Normal | 1 = Loss of MFAS)


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T


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1. Gii thiu North American T1

North American T1 facilities operate at 1.544 Mbps. Framingmay be either Superframe (D4) or Extended Superframe (ESF).

These facilities are deployed in the United States, Canada,

Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong (Hong Kong also employsInternational G.732 interconnectivity).

Related Specifications:

-----------------------AT&T Pub 62411 (D4, Line Characteristics)

AT&T Pub 54016 (ESF)

ANSI T1.403 (DS1 Metallic Interface)

2 T1 F F


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2. T1 Frame Format

8 8 8 8 8 8

CH 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

F F

D ChannelBank

DS 0

DS 0

Analog

Analog---------------

CH1.......

24

AT&T - 1957

DS 1

8 bit PCM Codes 24 Channels + 1 Framing Bit = 193 bits (Overhead)

Level Bit Rate Circuit

DS 0 64 kbps 1

DS 1 1.544 Mbps 24

1 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit

F-bit TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 24

3 S f F (D4 F i )


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3. Superframe Format (D4 Framing)

Standard frame is 193 bits long (1 Framing bit + 24 8-bit timeslots).

Each timeslot is scanned at a rate of 8000 times per second. Therefore,

in one second, there are: 8000 * 8 bits/TS * 24 TS = 1,536,000 Bits of

"Payload" data transmitted. There are: 8000 * 1 = 8,000 Bits ofsynchronization bits transmitted within a one second interval.

Therefore, the total aggregate rate of the T1 signal is 1,544,000 bps

(1.544 Mbps).

A Super frame consists of twelve 193-bit frames. A framing bit can

support different functions, depending upon which of the twelve

frames it is in. There are two types of framing bits; Terminal framing

(Ft) and Signaling framing (Fs) bits.

3 S f F ( )


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3. Superframe Format (tt)

3 S f F ( )


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3. Superframe Format (tt)

4 D4 Voice and Data Signaling vi


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4. D4 Voice and Data Signaling viSuperframe Format

The transport of signaling states is required in Switched voice or

data (Switched 56K service).

Signaling is accomplished through a "Robbed Bit" method wherebit 8 of each channel's timeslot is "robbed" to indicate a signaling

state in the 6th and 12th frames.

Effective throughput for the A signaling bit (Frame 6) is 666.66BPS. Effective throughput for the B signaling bit (Frame 12) is

the same (666.66 BPS).

5 E d d S f F (ESF)


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5. Extended-Superframe Format (ESF)

The standard frame is 193 bits long (1 Framing bit + 24 8-bit

timeslots). Each timeslot is scanned at a rate of 8000 times per

second (as in D4/SF). The line rate is 1.544 MBPS supporting a

data "payload" of 1.536 MBPS.

There are three types of framing bits; Frame Pattern Sync (FPS),

Datalink (DL), and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits. Of

the 8 KBPS framing bit bandwidth:

4 Kbps is allocated to the Datalink2 Kbps is allocated to the CRC-6 character

2 Kbps is used for synchronization purposes

An Extended Superframe consists of twenty-four 193-bit frames:

3 CU TRC T1 ESF


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3. CU TRC T1-ESF

Extended Superframe Frame Format

FR1

FR2

FR3

FR4

FR5

FR6

FR7

FR8

FR9

FR10

FR11

FR12

FR13

FR14

FR15

FR16

FR17

FR18

FR19

FR20

FR21

FR22

FR23

FR24

CH1

CH2

CH3

CH4

CH5

CH6

CH7

CH8

CH9

CH10

CH11

CH12

CH13

CH14

CH15

CH16

CH17

CH18

CH19

CH20

CH21

CH22

CH23

CH24

F

Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8Bit 1

Extended Superframe4632 Bits

Frame193 Bits

Channel8 Bits

192 Bits

FrameOverhead 1 Bit

5 E d d S f F ( )


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5. Extended-Superframe Format (tt)

6 ESF V i d D t Si li


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6.ESF Voice and Data Signaling

The transport of signaling states is required in Switchedvoice or data (Switched 56K service).

Signaling is accomplished through a "Robbed Bit"method where bit 8 of each channel's timeslot is"robbed" to indicate a signaling state in the 6th, 12th,18th, and 24th frames.

Effective throughput for the A signaling bit (Frame 6) is333.33 BPS. Effective throughput for the B, C and Dbits is the same (333.33 BPS).

7 T tt T1 ESF St t


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7. Tm tt T1- ESF Structure

Extended Superframe FormatF Bit

Bit use in EachChannelFrame

NumberBit

NumberFe FDL CRC Traffic Signaling

Robbed BitSignaling

1

2

3

4

5

67

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

1516

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

0

193

386

579

772

9651158

1351

1544

1737

1930

2123

2316

2509

27022895

3088

3281

3474

3667

3860

4053

4246

4439

0

0

1

0

1

1

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

C1

C2

C3

C4

C5

C6

1-8

1-8

1-8

1-8

1-8

1-71-8

1-8

1-8

1-8

1-8

1-7

1-8

1-8

1-81-8

1-8

1-7

1-8

1-8

1-8

1-8

1-8

1-7

8

8

8

8

A

B

C

D

Lin C d Bip l r 50% RTZ


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Line Code - Bipolar, 50% RTZ

To guarantee 0 DC element on the line, bipolar is used

To eliminate high frequency components that can

interfere with other transmissions, digital services

utilize 50% duty cycle, known as:

Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI)(Mark = Logic 1)

+

0V

-

Bit 10

Bit 21

Bit 31

Bit 40

Bipolar Violations


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Bipolar Violations

+3 Volts

-3 Volts

1

0

1 BPV 1

0

One Error

T1 Standard


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T1 Standard

Line Rate 1.544 MHz

Cable Length 6.000 ft max.

Pulse Amplitude 2.7 to 3.3 V

Maximum Successive Zeros 15

Receive Attenuation 15 to 22.5 dB

Line Build Out 0.0, 7.5, 15 dB

ANSI T1.403 - 1989

T1 Summary


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T1 Summary

Serial Synchronous Bits Stream at 1.544 Mbps

Timeslot 8 bits

24 Timeslots 8 24 = 192 bits

Frame 24 T.S. + 1 Framing Bit = 192 + 1 = 193 bits

Sampling Rate 8.000 samples/sec

T1 Bit Stream 8.000 Frames (192 bits/frame + 1 bit/frame) =

1.536 Mbps + 0.008 Mbps (framing) =

1.544 Mbps

Line Code AMI (50% Duty Cycle) or B8ZS (for clear channel) Synchronization From Line

Interface 4-wire, Balanced, 100 W, RJ-45 Connector (or dB-15)

E1/T1 Error Conditions


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E1/T1 Error Conditions

Principal T1/E1 Alarms

Red Alarm (FAS Loss)

Produced by a receiver to indicate that ithas lost frame alignment

Yellow Alarm (RAI)

Returned to a transmitting terminal

to report a loss of frame alignment

at the receiving terminal

Normally, a T1/E1 terminal will use the receivers

red alarm to request that a yellow alarm be transmitted

E1/T1 Error Conditions (Cont )


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E1/T1 Error Conditions (Cont.)

Blue Alarm (AIS)A continuous ones pattern without framing,

indicates an upstream failure

Blue (AIS) Red (LOF)

Yellow (RAI)

Loss here

T3/E3MUX

T1/E1MUX

Principal Error Conditions


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Principal Error Conditions

Loss of Carrier Receive data was 0 for 31 consecutive bits

Bipolar Violation A failure to meet the AMI T1 line code

F Bit Error Framing bit is in error


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Plesiochronous Drop & Insert


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Plesiochronous Drop & Insert

Add/Dropoperationrequires

completedemultiplexNG to locateA channels

bits

140

34

34

8

8

2

140

34

34

8

8

2

140MLTE

Customer

34 Mbps

8 Mbps

2 Mbps

140MLTE

The Add/Drop Operation


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The Add/Drop Operation

New Technologies

Very tight synchronization

Use pointers to locate channels

ADM

SW 3

ADM ADM

SW 2SW 1

Fiber Optic

Ring(622 Mbps)

T1T1

T1

SDH/SONET


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SDH/SONET

Developed as a result of PDH inability to cater for

new digital data transmission requirements

Evolved as a joint world-wide standardization effort

(ITU-T&ANSI)

Few differences still exist between European (ETSI)

SDH and North-American (ANSI) SONET

Had to accommodate older PDH systems that are still

operating

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

Synchronous Optical Network

The Hierarchical Network


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The Hierarchical Network

LargeUrban

Area

Core Network

TrunkNetwork

RegionalArea

MetroArea

High CapacityNetwork Switching

TrunkNetwork

DistributionNetwork

LocalNetwork

JunctionNetwork

TransportTier 1-Core

Network

Tier 2-Metro/

RegionalNetwork

Tier 3-Local/

Network/

Junction

AccessNetwork

RuralArea

Urban

Area

PC CPE PC CPERC RC

The Transmission Equipment


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The Transmission EquipmentHierarchy

Core, Backbone 565 Mbps Fiber 2.5 Gbps OLSTrunk, Long 140 Mbps Fiber 2.5 Gbps ADM

Distance 140 Mbps Radio 155M Radio

34/14 Mbps Multiplex 4/4 DXC

Regional, Urban, 140 Mbps Fiber 2.5 Gbps OLS

Metropolitan 34 Mbps Fiber 2.5 Gbps ADM

34 Mbps Radio 622M OLS34/140 Multiplex 622M ADM

2/34 Mbps Multiplex 155M Radio

4/3/1 DXC

Local Junction, 8 Mbps Fiber 622M OLS

Access 4 2M Radio 622M ADM

2M Radio 155M ADM2/8 Multiplex

Access Flex Mux

Primary Multiplexer

Channel Bank

Access Multiplexer

4

2M

140M

34M

8M

2M

2.5G

622M

155M

64K

4

4

Equivalent

Capacity

PDH SDH

SDH/SONET Bit Rates


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SDH/SONET Bit Rates

Information Structure

RateSDH SONET

51.84 Mbps

155.52 Mbps

622.08 Mbps

2.48 Gbps

10 Gbps

STM-1

STM-4

STM-16

STM-64

STS-1 (OC-1)

STS-3 (OC-3)

STS-12 (OC-12)

STS-48 (OC-48)

STS-192 (OC-192)

The SDH Add/Drop Operation


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The SDH Add/Drop Operation

New Technologies Very tight synchronization

(very few slips)

Uses pointers to locate channels

Cut ADM

SW 3

ADM ADM

SW 2SW 1

Fiber Optic

SDH Ring(622 Mbps)

E1E1

E1

The STS-1 Frame (52 Mbps)


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The STS-1 Frame (52 Mbps)

SONETOverhead3 columns(3 rows for

SectionOverhead6 rows for

LineOverhead)

SONET Payload (SPE)9 rows x 87 columns

90 columns

9 rows

125 microseconds

8 bits

Path Overhead

The STM-1 Frame (155 Mbps)


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The STM 1 Frame (155 Mbps)

Frame Period = 125 ms

1 9 270

1

2

3

RegeneratorSection Overhead

4

5

6

7

8

9

Multiplex SectionOverhead

STM-1 Payload

9rows

270 Columns (bytes)

VC-4/AU-4 Mapping to STM-1 Frame


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VC 4/AU 4 Mapping to STM 1 Frame

MultiplexingFunction

RSOH

MSOHAligningFunctionAU-4 PTR

AU-4 (AU-G)

STM-1 Frame

MappingFunction

VC-4

POH

VC-4

STM-1 Structure


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STM 1 Structure

Seat on the Carriage = Tugs

VC-4 Payload SOH

Populating the Seats in the Carriage


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Populating the Seats in the Carriage

TUG2 Seats

One Large

Passenger

VC2

Three Smaller

Passengers

3 VC12

Four Even Smaller

Passengers

4 VC11

STM-N Frame Structure


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STM N Frame Structure

1

3

Section OverheadSOH

4 Administrative Unit Pointer(s) 5

9

Section OverheadSOH

STM-N Payload

9 N

9rows

261 N270 N Columns (bytes)

STM-Nc - Concatenated FrameS


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Structure

1

3

Section OverheadSOH

4 Concatenation Indication

5

9

Section OverheadSOH

STM-N Payload

Payload Overhead. N 1 Columns.One Column - Real Payload Overhead.

Others - Fixed Stuff

10 N

9rows

260 N

270 N Columns (bytes)

Multiplexing of N AUGs into STM-N


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Multiplexing of N AUGs into STM N

#1

1 9

1 261

AUG

#N

1 9

1 261

AUG

N x 9

RSOH

MSOH

123....N123....N

123....N123....N

N x 261STM-N

123....N

STM-1 SOH


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STM 1 SOH

Bytes reserved for national use

* Unscrambled bytes. Therefore care should be taken with

their content

D Media dependent bytes

A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 * *

B1 D D E1 D F1

D1 D D D2 D D3

Administrative Unit Pointer(s)

B2 B2 B2 K1 K2

D4 D5 D6

D7 D8 D9

10 D11 D12

S1 M1 E2

9 bytes

9rows

RSOH

MSOH

Ring In Interoffice Application


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Ring In Interoffice Application

OC-N

OC-N

CUT

SONETADM

WireCenter

DS-3s

SONETADM

DS-3s/DS-1

WireCenter

WireCenter

SONETADM

DS-3s

DCS

HUB

SONETADM

WireCenter

DS-3s

Fiber 1

Fiber 2

Network Management


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Netwo k Manage ent

New Technologies

Embedded overhead channels (EOC) for

management messages

Uses standard communications protocols

ADM

SW 3

ADM ADM

SW 2SW 1

Fiber OpticSDH Ring

(622 Mbps)

E1E1

E1

SDH Standards


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G.651 Multimode Fiber Specification

G.652 Single Mode Fiber Specification

G.700 Framework of the G.700, 800, 900 Rec.

G.701 Vocabulary of Terms

G.702 Digital Hierarchy Bit Rates

G.703 Physical/Electrical Characteristics Interfaces

G.704 Synchronous Frame Structures Primary & Secondary Levels

G.705 Characteristics - Terminate Digital Links on a Digital Exchange

G.707 Network Node Interface for SDH Incl. Multiplexing Structure

G.774.04 SDH Management for SNC Protection for the NE

G.780 Vocabulary of Terms for SDH Networks and Equipment

G.781 Structure & Rec. for Multiplexing Equipment for the SDH

SDH Standards (Cont.)


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( )

G.783 Characteristics of SDH Equipment Functional Blocks

G.784 SDH Management

G.803 Architectures of Transport Networks Based on SDH

G.825 Control of Jitter & Wander in Digital Nets based on SDH

G.826 Error Performance Parameters and Objectives

G.831 Management Capabilities of Transport Nets based on SDH

G.832 SDH Elements on PDH Networks: Frames and Multiplexing

G.841 SDH Protection: Rings and Other Architectures

G.957 Physical Parameters for SDH Optical Interface

G.958 Provides overall Requirements for Optical Interfaces

ITU-R Architectures & Functional Aspects of Radio Relay for SDH

O.SDH Equipment to Assess Error Performance on SDH Interface

ANSI Standards


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T1.105

Byte interleaved multiplexing format Line rates for STS - 1, 3, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 Mappings for DS0, DS1, DS2, DS3

Monitoring mechanisms for section, line and pathstructures

192 kbps and 576 kbps DCC

T1.106 - This is an associated standard that establishes

the optical parameters for the SONET standards. Single

mode fiber is defined as the standard optical

transmission medium

T1.107 - Digital hierarchy format specification

Phase I

ANSI Standards (Cont.)


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T1.105R1

SONET format clarification and enhancements Timing and synchronization enhancements

Automatic protection switching (APS) Seven-layer protocol stack for DCC and embeddedoperations channels

Mapping of DS4 (139 Mbps) signal into STS-3c

T1.117 - Optical parameters for short-haul (2 km)multimode fiber cable

T1.102-199X - Electrical specifications for STS-1 and

STS-3 signals

Phase II

( )

ANSI Standards (Cont.)


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T1.105.01-1994 - Protection for two & four fiber bidirectional

line switched SONET rings

T1.105.05-1994 - Tandem connection overhead layer for SONET

T1.105.03-1994 - Jitter for SONET and SONET-PDH

T1.119-1994 - Management of SONET NE, OSI compliant interface

T1.204 - OAM&P lower layer protocols for TMN interfaces

T1.208 - OAM&P upper layer protocols for TMN interfaces

T1.214 - OAM&P network model for interfaces between OS & NE

T1.215 - OAM&P fault management messages for OS & NE

T1.229 - OAM&P performance management messages for OS & NE

T1.231 - Layer 1 in-service transmission performance monitoring

Phase III

Documents

Chuong4_Ghep Kenh So