1931 - Gone with the Wind (Color) 1961 - West Side Story
(Color) 1969 - Butch Cassidy & the Sundance Kid 1991 - JFK 1993
- Schindlers List 1994 - Legends of the Fall 1995 - Braveheart 1997
- Titanic 1998 - Saving Private Ryan Other notable winners of Best
Cinematography from the Oscars 2001 - Lord of the Rings: The
Fellowship of the Ring 2006 - Pans Labyrinth 2008 - Slumdog
Millionaire 2009 - Avatar 2010 - Inception 2011 - Hugo
Slide 4
Introduction to Cinematography What are the secrets to creating
a quality shot? No MAGIC button to push on the camera to get HIGH
quality results But, techniques are learnable and doable This
lesson will show you HOW to create shots that look like the
PROS
Slide 5
What is Cinematography? cinematography | sinm tgrf| noun the
art of making motion pictures. Cinematography: is the making of
lighting and camera choices when recording photographic images for
the cinema. It is closely related to the art of still photography.
Many additional issues arise when both the camera and elements of
the scene may be in motion, though this also greatly increases the
possibilities at the same time. Using photographic composition
techniques in videos. Remember to always follow good composition
when filming your videos.
Slide 6
Areas of Cinematography Shots Composition (Rules) Subject
Distance (Basic Camera Shots) Camera Angle (Height) Shot Purpose
Camera Movement
Slide 7
Composition Rules Headroom Lead Space Rule of Thirds When you
follow the first two, the Rule of Thirds will naturally occur
Distracting Background Mergers
Slide 8
Headroom The space above the subjects head in a close-up The
perfect balance is needed: Too much and the shot looks off balance
Too little cuts off the subjects head
Slide 9
Viewers want to see where moving things are going, so enough
space must be allowed between the subject and the edge of the
frame. moving You must adjust your shot to give a bit more room in
the direction of the movement. Lead Space
Slide 10
Rule of Thirds Subject is offset in frame for visual interest
Shot is divided with two evenly spaced lines horizontally and
vertically
Slide 11
Rule of Thirds The basic principle is to imagine breaking an
image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so that
you have 9 parts. As follows: Then Put the subject on the
intersection of the lines or the horizon along a line.
Slide 12
Rule of Thirds Place points of interest in the intersections or
along the lines. The image becomes more balanced. This will enable
a viewer to interact more naturally with the image. When using the
most important questions to ask yourself are: What are the points
of interest in this shot? Where am I intentionally placing
them?
Slide 13
Distracting Background Try to avoid Always check the background
of the shot you are framing Background clutter or distracting
objects can usually be avoided by repositioning your camera or
moving the subject.
Slide 14
Mergers Another form of distracting background Background
objects or strong vectors (lines) that visually merge with your
subject can be distracting Reposition the camera or subject to
avoid mergers
Slide 15
What composition do you SEE?
Slide 16
You find a good and bad example of each of the 5. Save the
images, put into a presentation, and label. NOW...
Slide 17
Basic Camera Shots Long Shot Medium Shot Close up Shot Extreme
Close up Shot
Slide 18
Long Shot A shot that shows all of something: a room, a
building, a mountain Help viewers get a sense of location: Where is
this scene taking place? Most TV shows start with this shot also
known as an Establishing Shot
Slide 19
Medium Shot This is a waist up shot of person Place person in
context or on location Works for someone who moves hands while they
are talking Problems not much detail in subject too much background
information that can be distracting
Slide 20
Close-up Shot Shot includes a little room above the head, all
of the persons head, and down to their armpits. Fill most of the
frame with head Why this shot? To capture facial expressions, makes
it personal, to see the emotion
Slide 21
Extreme Close-up Includes just the persons facial features:
Eyes, nose, mouth and chin The top of the head and shoulders are
not included Can be disturbing shots because they show all the
details i.e. sweat, wrinkles
High Angle/ Birds Eye Gives the audience the perception they
are superior to the subject Give the power to the audience Low
Angle/ Worms Eye Gives the audience the perception they are
inferior to the subject Gives the power to the person in the
shot
Something other than the current action or subject. This shot
is used as a "buffer" between shots (to help the editing process),
or to add interest or information. They are mainly used in
reference to objects, a clock, or actions, opening a locker.
Cutaway/ Insert Shot
Slide 26
Point-of-View Shot This shot shows a view from the subject's
perspective. It is usually edited in such a way that it is obvious
whose POV it is.
Slide 27
Reaction Shot A shot showing one or more characters reacting to
an action or statement.
Slide 28
Camera Movement Pan Shot Tilt Shot Arc Shot Zoom In (ZI) Zoom
Out (ZO)
Slide 29
Pan Shot Tilt Shot The horizontal pivoting of the camera from a
fixed point, moving left to right or right to left. It is used to
follow screen action or to reveal more of a location without moving
the camera. Pivot your camera up or down from a fixed position.
Like nodding your head.
Slide 30
Tips & Tricks for Successful Pan & Tilt Tip #1: Move
the camera slowly. Tip #2: Have a good reason to choose that shot.
Tip #3: Hold the camera still for a few seconds at the start and at
the end of the shot. Tip #4: Practice before recording the shot,
making sure you know where to end the shot.
Slide 31
Arc Shot A shot in which a moving camera circles around the
subject. Must have good control of camera to be successful. Great
way of introducing a character to a story.
Slide 32
Zoom In Zoom Out Concentrate the viewers attention to a
particular subject or detail not evident in a wider shot. It is
more dramatic than a cut from the wider shot to the zoomed in view,
but takes longer to get there. Have a good reason for making your
audience wait. Serve to reveal the location or context of the thing
that is framed at the start of the shot. DO NOT follow ACTION. A
young man with several piercings is sitting in a room. The camera
slowly zooms out from a close up to reveal the other people in the
room, who are all senior citizens in formal attire.
Slide 33
YOUR Homework Watch TV Watch Thriller in class. Complete
Analyzing Video Assignment together and then complete at home