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CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
A New Challenge for Cereal A New Challenge for Cereal Production and Processing Production and Processing
Chains:Chains:
Development of a Food Development of a Food Quality Management SystemQuality Management System
for the Control of Mycotoxinsfor the Control of Mycotoxins
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Public Health IssuesPublic Health Issues Impact of mycotoxins on human and animal health
(carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive,…)
High level of use of cereals in both food and feed
Economic ImpactEconomic Impact High Postharvest Losses Reduced animal productivity Significant economic losses in both domestic &
international trade.
Global Socio-Economic Context (1)Global Socio-Economic Context (1)
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Evolution of Safety RegulationsEvolution of Safety Regulations
WTO agreement on sanitary and phytosanitary standards
Codex alimentarius: Joint FAO-WHO committee
EU regulations (inside Europe and for Exporting Countries)
Regional regulations (e.g. MERCOSUR)
Global Socio-Economic Context (2)Global Socio-Economic Context (2)
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Current Worldwide ImportanceCurrent Worldwide Importance
Aflatoxins (peanut, nuts, dried foods, soybean, ...)
Ochratoxin A (coffee, coca, cereals, ...)
Fumonisins (corn, sweet corn, ...)
Trichothecenes (cereals, …)
Zearalenone (corn, cereals, …)
Most considered mycotoxins Most considered mycotoxins
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
LOCAL CONSUMPTION
REGIONAL TRADE
EXPORT MARKET
PRE-HARVEST
POST-HARVEST : DRYING-CLEANING-STORAGEMILLING
HUMANFOOD
BY-PRODUCTS
ANIMALFEEDING
DERIVED FOODSTUFFmeat, milk, eggs...
SOCIO ECONOMIC & TECHNICAL CONTEXTFarmers
SMEs &Cooperatives
SMEs &cooperatives
Traders
Multinational groups
Diagram of whole cereal chainDiagram of whole cereal chain
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Global Issues on Food Supply Chain Global Issues on Food Supply Chain
Food Supply Chain is Very Complex
Complex Commodity Flow Diagrams
Different Stakeholders
Importance of Socio-Economic, Cultural and Institutional Constraints
Notion of Quality Perception by the Chain Actors
Need for Adequate Social OrganisationNeed for Formal Relationships Between Chain Actors
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Global Issues on Mycotoxins (1)Global Issues on Mycotoxins (1)
Contamination by Molds and Mycotoxin Formation Possible
in Any Point of the Supply Chain
both in Production and Post Harvest Steps
Mold Growth and Synthesis of Toxins Dependent on
Agro climatic, Ecological and Physiological Conditions
Detoxication of Contaminated commodities Difficult and Sometimes Impossible
Need for Proper Pre and Post Harvest Processes, Adequate Equipment and Sound Handling Practices
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Global Issues on Mycotoxins (2)Global Issues on Mycotoxins (2)
Evaluation of contamination based on the analytical determination of mycotoxins
Conventional methods (HPLC, CMC, …) are expensive, need sophisticated equipment and trained analysts
Need for food safety management tools along the whole chain
Lack of accurate and inexpensive analytical techniques for in situ routine control
Lack of Good Practices (GAP, GMP, GSP, GHP,…)
Need for a HACCP based approach along the food chain
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Global ApproachGlobal Approach
Urgent need for a systematic/pro-active, cost effective approach, rather than, relying entirely on expensive, wasteful end-point testing/segregation
ThroughThrough
A Food Quality Management System taking into account the socio-economic context, the
organisational and technological capabilities of stakeholders
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
LOCAL CONSUMPTION
REGIONAL TRADE
EXPORT MARKET
PRE-HARVEST
POST-HARVEST : DRYING-CLEANING-STORAGEMILLING
HUMANFOOD
BY-PRODUCTS
ANIMALFEEDING
DERIVED FOODSTUFFmeat, milk, eggs...
SOCIO ECONOMIC & TECHNICAL CONTEXTFarmers
SMEs &Cooperatives
SMEs &cooperatives
Traders
Multinational groups
CC
Ps
CC
Ps
CC
Ps
CC
Ps
CC
Ps
ANALYTICAL TOOLS, GOOD PRACTICES (Farming & Manufacturing), HACCP, TRACABILITY...
FOOD QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
… … towards innovative food safety management towards innovative food safety management
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Issues to be addressed…Issues to be addressed…
The development of novel accurate, simple and cost-effective analytical tools (sampling, sample preparation and analysis) for the determination of mycotoxins, mainly for routine on field assessment
The completion of data generation describing the risks associated with mycotoxins in raw materials and derived products
The mechanisms of mould growth and mycotoxin production under different agro-ecological conditions
The development of novel, validated proactive procedures (control measures, critical limits & monitoring methods) for the control of mycotoxins in a variety of crop production and processing chains.
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Development of a Food Quality Management System for the control of Mycotoxins in cereal production and
processing chain in Latin America South Cone Countries
PartnersPartners
Europe : France, UK, Sweden Southern Cone : Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile Complementary Partnership
– Universities– National Research Institutes– Regional Body as Interface between Those and All Chain Actors
Including Private Sector (PROCISUR)
MYCOTOX ProjectMYCOTOX Project
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
PROCISUR(Consortium of Southern Cone
INIA’s)
Embrapa
Brazil
INIAUruguay
UBAArgentina
UnLuArgentina
LATUUruguay
UdeCChile
Southern Cone clients
CIRADFrance
NRIUnited
Kingdom
Scientific + technical audiences
INIAChile
INTAArgentin
a
MAABrazil M
onic
a O
lsen
, NF
A,
Sw
eden
, (e
xter
nal
ad
viso
r)
European Mycotoxin Cluster
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
General objectiveGeneral objective
To improve the competitiveness of domestically and internationally traded cereals by controlling the occurrence of mycotoxins in maize and wheat products used as human food and animal feed
Project ObjectivesProject Objectives
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Specific objectives
1) Development and standardisation of effective analytical tools (sampling, sample preparation & analysis) for mycotoxin determination in cereals and by-products
2) Mycotoxin hazard analysis of the domestic and international maize and wheat production and processing chains
3) Development and validation of effective mycotoxin control measures at specified critical control points
4) Development of a Food Quality Management System for the control of mycotoxins in cereal production and processing chains
Project ObjectivesProject Objectives
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
WP1 Development and Standardisation of Effective Analytical Tools for Mycotoxin Determination in Cereals and By-Products
WP2 Risk Assessment of Human Exposure to Ochratoxin A
WP3 Evaluation of Milling Procedures as Potential CCPs
Project Activities (1)Project Activities (1)
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Project Activities (2)Project Activities (2)
WP4
Hazard Analysis of Mycotoxins
WP5
Identification and Validation of of Mycotoxin Control Measures
WP6Development of a Food Quality Management System
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
WP1Development and
standardisation of effectiveanalytical tools for
mycotoxin determination incereals and animal
products
WP2Risk assessment of humanexposure to ochratoxin A
WP3Evaluation of milling
procedures as potentialCCPs
WP5Identification and validation
of mycotoxin controlmeasures
WP6Development of a Food-
Quality ManagementSystem
WP4Hazard analysis of
mycotoxins
AT LABORATORY ON FIELD
Relations between the WorkPackagesRelations between the WorkPackages
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Project ManagementProject Management
Overall project managementOverall project management
CIRAD (Nadine Zakhia)
Steering CommitteeSteering Committee
Including an external scientific advisor (Monica Olsen)
Work Package teamWork Package team
Led by the respective work package leader
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Project Deliverables (1)Project Deliverables (1)
Standardised procedures for wheat and maize sampling during milling processes in the Southern Cone region
((D1, WP3, Month 6D1, WP3, Month 6))
A report documenting mycotoxin surveillance data, both from the literature and from surveillance studies conducted by this project (D2, WP4, Month 6)(D2, WP4, Month 6)
A report describing the hazard analyses conducted and justifying the commodity/mycotoxin combination selected for further study (D3, WP4, Month 8)(D3, WP4, Month 8)
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Standardised and validated analytical chromatographic methods applicable by all partner laboratories for mycotoxin determination in wheat and maize ((D4, WP1, Month 10D4, WP1, Month 10))
A standardised methodology for OTA determination in blood samples implemented in Latin America South Cone laboratories (D5, WP2, Month 12)(D5, WP2, Month 12)
A report documenting the verified commodity flow diagrams for each commodity/mycotoxin combination in each of the selected countries (D6, WP4, Month 12)(D6, WP4, Month 12)
Project Deliverables (2)Project Deliverables (2)
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
A risk characterization for OTA in Latin America South Cone countries (D7, WP2, Month 18)(D7, WP2, Month 18)
Identification of the impact of different milling processes on the distribution of mycotoxin contamination in the different cereal fractions ((D8, WP3, Month 18D8, WP3, Month 18))
A report describing the socio-economic studies conducted and the associated findings. These data will provide a thorough understanding of the stakeholders within the commodity system and will help identify the constraints and opportunities affecting the implementation of proposed mycotoxin control measures (D9, WP1, Month 20)(D9, WP1, Month 20)
Project Deliverables (3)Project Deliverables (3)
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Project Deliverables (4)Project Deliverables (4)
Implementation of the BCL technique (if successfully validated) in Latin America South Cone laboratories as a rapid tool for monitoring mycotoxin contamination throughout the whole maize and wheat chains (D10, WP1, Month 20)(D10, WP1, Month 20)
Validation of the NIRS technique as a rapid tool for quantitative or semi-quantitative monitoring of mycotoxin contamination throughout the whole maize and wheat chains ((D11, WP1, Month 20D11, WP1, Month 20))
Setting up of a network among all partner laboratories for operational exchanges in terms of analytical methods and tools (D12, WP1, Month 20)(D12, WP1, Month 20)
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
A series of reports documenting studies to develop and evaluate control measures and studies to validate CCPs(D13, WP5, Month 24)(D13, WP5, Month 24)
Data describing at which steps in the CFD the mycotoxin hazard originates, or at which steps concentrations increase to unacceptable levels (D14, WP4, Month 24)(D14, WP4, Month 24)
HACCP plans for mycotoxin control in the specified commodity for each participating country (D15, WP6, Month 24)(D15, WP6, Month 24)
Project Deliverables (5)Project Deliverables (5)
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
A manual describing Good Agricultural Practices for the production of maize and wheat in the Southern Cone (D16, WP5, Month 30)(D16, WP5, Month 30)
Better knowledge of (DON) and fumonisin variability in wheat and maize in LA South Cone (D17, WP3, Month 30)(D17, WP3, Month 30)
Implementation of an efficient Food Quality Management System along the chain stakeholders to ensure high quality maize and wheat production regarding mycotoxin contamination (D18, WP6, Month 30)(D18, WP6, Month 30)
Training and extension materials including posters, pamphlets, videos and radio and TV broadcasts and internet web pages, as appropriate (D19, WP6, Month 36)(D19, WP6, Month 36)
Project Deliverables (6)Project Deliverables (6)
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
General MeetingWP RegionalMeeting 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
WP1Inter laboratory studiesBCL adaptationCollaborative study( BCL & Toximet)Collaborative study NIRSValidation of analytical tools
WP2Methodology adaptation and implementationOTA determination in bloodOccurrence and intake
WP3Sampling proceduresDON determinationFumonisin determinationDON contamination variabilityFumonisin contamination variability
WP4Mycotoxin Hazard AnalysisCommodity Flow DiagramPotential CCPs
WP5Socio-economical studiesIdentification of control measuresValidation of CCPsGAP Manual
WP6Monitoring proceduresHACCP PlanFood Quality Management SystemTraining & extension
Project TimetableProject Timetable
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
Dissemination of Project OutputsDissemination of Project Outputs
To the Scientific Community Peer-Reviewed Papers, Workshops and Seminars
To the Chain Actors and Professional Organisations Large Dissemination Papers (GAP, GMP, …) Training Participatory Workshops
To the Traders and Regulatory Bodies Sectorial Papers Focused Workshops (e.g.Rapid On-Field Analytical Techniques)
External Strategy Participation in European and International Networks and Clusters
on Mycotoxins
CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS
Gérard CHUZEL
ProspectsProspects
Adaptation and Validation of the Adaptation and Validation of the Developed MethodsDeveloped Methods
to Other Contexts
to Other Commodity Chains
• Identification of new partnerships (EU, Identification of new partnerships (EU, Mercosur)Mercosur)
Topics, Partners, Elaboration of Project Proposals, etc