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CIRCUIT SWITCHING -CIRCUIT SWITCHING SIGNALING

Introduction

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IntroductionClass 1:

regional centersClass 1:

regional centers

Class 2: sectional centers

Class 3: primary centers

Class 4: toll centers

Class 2: sectional centers

Class 3: primary centers

Class 4: toll centers

Residential customer

Business customer

Residential customer

Business customer

Class 5: local central office

Local loops

Tandem office

Local loops

Local Carrier's Domain of Influence, Intra-LATA

Class 5: local central office

Introduction

LATA – Local Access and Transport AreaIC – Interexchange Carrier

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Introduction

Numbering Plan

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Signaling

Intra exchange signaling (Subscriber Intra-exchange signaling (Subscriber Signaling)

Inter-exchange signaling (Signaling between exchange)

Exchange

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Subscriber signaling

Subscriber Signaling

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Subscriber SignalingLine Signaling

Subscriber SignalingLine Signaling

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Subscriber SignalingAddress Signaling

Subscriber SignalingAddress Signaling

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Subscriber SignalingRinging Signaling

Subscriber SignalingTones and Announcements

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Subscriber SignalingTones and Announcements

Subscriber SignalingTones and Announcements

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Subscriber SignalingTones and Announcements for Supplementary services

Supplementary services Supplementary services Customer Calling Services Customer Local Area Signaling Services

(CLASS)

Subscriber SignalingTones and Announcements for Supplementary services

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Subscriber SignalingTones and Announcements for Supplementary services

Subscriber SignalingTones and Announcements for Supplementary services

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Subscriber SignalingTones and Announcements for Supplementary services

Subscriber SignalingTones and Announcements for Supplementary services

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Subscriber SignalingTones and Announcements for Supplementary services

Inter-Exchange Signaling

Inter Exchange signaling Inter-Exchange signaling Channel-Associated inter-exchange

Signaling (CAS) – per trunk signaling Common Channel Signaling (CCS)

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Inter-Exchange Signaling

Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS)

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Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS)

Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS)

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Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS)

Channel Associated Signaling systems: Channel-Associated Signaling systems: Bell System multi-frequency (MF) signaling CCITT No. 5 signaling R2 signaling

Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

R2 signaling R2 signaling Known as multi-frequency compelled (MFC), MFC-R2 or

R2 signaling system Can be used on 2-wire analog trunks; 4-wire analog

and digital trunks Can not be used on TASI-equiped trunks and trunks

carried by satellite transmission systems -->Applicationcarried by satellite transmission systems >Application of R2 is limited to relative short international trunks

Most important difference between R2 and Bell MFC & CCITT No.5 is its register (address) signaling

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Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

Supervision signaling on digital trunks Supervision signaling on digital trunks Network (national/international R2

signaling) use E1 for digital trunks Super-frame consists of 16 consecutive frames,

numbered from 0 to 15 For super-frame alignment bit 1 – 4 in TS16 of For super-frame alignment, bit 1 – 4 in TS16 of

frame 0 are coded 0000 TS16 in frame 1 to 15 carries 4 status bits for

the trunks

Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

Supervision signaling on digital trunks Supervision signaling on digital trunks Supervision signaling for digital

international R2 trunks is continuous 2 forward and 3 backward trunk states,

represented by bit af, bf and ab, bbti lrespectively

Bit c & d are not used and set to 0 and 1

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Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

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Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

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Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

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Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

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Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

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Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC

Inter-Exchange SignalingChannel-Associated Signaling (CAS) – R2/MFC