CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY and CLEAN ENERGY

1st Balkan Clean Energy Transition Fair and Conference - BCET2019

Exhibition Centre of Western Macedonia, Koila Village, Kozani, Greece

19 – 22 September 2019

Dr. Electra Papadopoulou

Issues that humanity is called to address

Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projections_of_population_growth

2100

Due to the population growth by

2030 we will need:

70% more food

45% more energy

30% more water

Increasing demand for resources of consumer goodsMore waste

Increased environmental pollution (CO2, etc.)

2050: earth population 9 billions

Oil reserves are running out

2010

estimation

calculation forecast

Τhe population is growing rapidly

Circular Bioeconomy vs linear economy

• what should be done

• how it can be done

circular economybioeconomy

EU Bioeconomy Strategy + Action Plan

Industry/Energy

Water & Fisheries

Climate

Forestry

Agriculture

Circular Bioeconomy = Sustainable economy based on renewable (bio) sources

Clean energy

What is clean energy

a) Renewable energy (bioenergy) - sustainable energy from biomass, sun, wind, tidal, ocean, geothermal and hydro resources.

b) Alternative energy - not infinite in supply. It includes resources like natural gas, natural gas cogeneration, fuel cells or any waste energy that does not naturally replenish but emits very low carbon emissions.

Clean energy = energy free of greenhouse gas emissions

https://www.solup.com/the-difference-between-alternative-and-renewable-energy/

Renewable energy sources

https://www.studymumbai.com/renewable-energy-resources/

Biomass is the only renewable source

that can give bio-based chemicals as well “Biofuels: liquid or gaseous fuels (for transport) produced from biomass”.

"BioLiquids: liquid fuels for energy purposes other than traffic, including electricity and heating and cooling, which are produced from biomass"http://www.europeanbioenergyday.eu/bioenergy-facts/bioenergy-in-europe/

Biofuels (transportation)

http://www.ypeka.gr/Default.aspx?tabid=292&language=el-GR

Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from biomass as defined by Directive 2009/28 / EC. Specifically, as defined by Law 3468/2006, the following fuels are also considered as biofuels:

• Biodiesel is fatty acid methyl esters (MIC - FAME) produced from vegetable or animal oils and fats and are diesel fuel grade, as biofuel.

• Bioethanol is ethanol produced from Biomass or from a biodegradable waste fraction, for use as a Biofuel.

• Biogas is the fuel gas produced by Biomass or a biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste, which can be purified and upgraded to natural gas quality, for use as Biofuel, or wood gas.

• Biomethanol is the methanol produced by Biomass for use as a Biofuel.

• Bio-ETBE is ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) produced from bioethanol, for use as a Biofuel. The volume of Bio-ETBE calculated as Biofuels is 47% of its total.

• Bio-MTBE is the methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) produced from methanol, for use as a Biofuel. The volume of Bio-MTBE calculated as Biofuel is 36% of its total.

Global biomass for energy

The biomass produced each year on our planet = appx 172 billion tonnes of dry matter, with an energy content ten times the energy consumed worldwide at the same time.

This enormous energy potential remains largely untapped, as recent estimates suggest that only 1/7 of global energy consumption is covered by biomass and mainly relates to its traditional uses (firewoods, etc.).

Bright future for renewables (global)

Source: https://www.iea.org/weo2017/

Energy sources in the EU

Sources: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/energy/bloc-2a.htmlhttps://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/energy/bloc-2b.htmlhttps://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/energy/bloc-4c.html

The share of renewable energy (RE) in energy consumption increased continuously between 2004 and 2017, from 8.5 % to 17.5 %.

The Europe target for RE consumption is:

• 20 % by 2020 and

• 32 % by 2030.

Renewable energy figures in the EU28 - 2017

The number of renewable energy jobs in the EU in 2017 amounted to 1.45 million

The turnover for the renewable energy sectors in the 28 EU member states amounted to 154.7 billion euro in 2017, 3.6% higher than 2016. This indicates positive investment activities as this rise occurs despite falling technology costs and political hesitation in many EU member states

Forecast of renewable energy (RE) penetration in the Greek market

% RE in electricity – forecast

% RE in heating – cooling –forecast

% RE in transportations – forecast

% RE in gross final energy consumption (GFEC)

% RE in electricity - real

% RE in heating – cooling – real

% RE in transportation – real

% RE in gross final energy consumption (GFEC) – real

Forecast area

Real consumption area

Heating

The National target for the share of energy from renewable sourcesin gross final consumption of energy:

2020 – 18%

2005 – 6.9%Source: http://www.ypeka.gr/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=CEYdUkQ719k%3d&tabid=37

Greece has considerable

renewable energy potential,

which has already attracted

investment interest

Energy consumption in Greece

Biomass for biofuels in Greece

In Greece, only 3% of total biomass is exploited in bio-economy applications! (mainly as fuel)

One tonne of biomass equals about 0.4 tonnes of oil

Annual wastegeneration in Greece is 58 million t / y, including agricultural and industrial waste (53%) and livestock manure (47%).

The total biomass readily available in Greece consists of approximately 7,500,000 tonnes of agricultural crop residues (cereals, maize, cotton, tobacco, sunflower, twigs, vines, kernel, etc.), as well as 2,700,000 tonnes of dry matter (branches, barks, etc.).

Biorefireny in GreeceIn Greece bio-refineries for the

production of chemicals and

products are available basically

only in lab/pilot scale. However

recently there are some few

initiatives for the establishment of

commercial units.

http://www.connectivityweek.com/2012/hack

Biofuels and biogas for transportation in Greece

Today, Greece has

✓ 25 biogas plants

✓ 12 biodiesel plants - 130,000 m3 biodiesel

(sunflower, rapeseeds, used cooking oils) =

93% of the biodiesel consumed in Greece

Sources: CRES, 2018

Fortune 2017-http://www.fortunegreece.com/article/ta-dila-vimata-tis-elladas-pros-tin-kikliki-ikonomia/

Locations of biodiesel plants in Greece

Biofuels consumption in Greece is less than 2%

Bioethanol is not produced nor imported in Greece

Advantages of using biomass for energy production

• Preventing the greenhouse effect, which is largely due to carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the burning of fossil fuels.

• Avoidance of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) produced by combustion of fossil fuels and contributing to the 'acid rain' phenomenon. The sulfurcontent of biomass is practically negligible.

• The reduction of energy dependence, which results from the import of fuel from third countries, with corresponding savings in foreign exchange.

• Securing employment and keeping the rural population in the border and other agricultural areas contributes to biomass in the country's regional development

http://www.epixeiro.gr/article/12958

Disadvantages of using biomass for energy production

The disadvantages associated with the use of biomass are, for the most part, difficulties in exploiting it:

• Its large volume and high moisture content, per unit of energy produced.

• The difficulty in collecting, processing, transporting and storing it against fossil fuels.

• The most expensive plant and equipment needed to utilize biomass compared to conventional energy sources.

• Its large distribution and seasonal production.http://www.epixeiro.gr/article/12958

Opportunities for the Energy sector in Greece

Source: National Strategy for Smart Specialisation 2014-2020

• The exploitation of agricultural and forestry residues → fuels equal to about 3-4 MT petroleum/y.

• The exploitation of energy crops → 30 - 40% of the petroleum consumed annually in Greece.

• agricultural and livestock residues → → 3.5 billion m3/y biogas

• available wastes could → 21.9 TWh of electricity → 39% of gross electricity consumption amount in Greece

Anaerobic digestion

For the period 2011-2035 the total new investments in power sector is expected to rise to € 28 trillion, corresponding to an average annual investment of approximately € 1,2 trillion.

Greece 2017: for 29 days could run on bioenergy only!

Source: http://www.europeanbioenergyday.eu/your-country/

Greece:progress in bioenergy - 2019

http://www.europeanbioenergyday.eu/your-country/

The energy transition is underway

BloombergNEF’s New Energy Outlook 2019 https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/2019/08/16/the-energy-transition-is-underway-10-charts-tell-the-story/

1. The Old World Will Move the Fastest - Most regions are moving toward cleaner energy generation but not at the same pace. Europe is forecast to be almost fossil fuel-free by 2050. The U.S. lags the world

2. In Asia, Coal Will Rise, But Fall Again - Coal-fired electricity will peak in China in 2027 and in India in 2038.

3. Most New Gas Power Will Be On-Demand

4. The Money Is Headed for Onshore Wind -Over the next 30 years, the world will invest about $2 trillion in new electrical capacity from fossil fuels and more than $11 trillion in zero-carbon technologies.

5. $4 of Every $10 Spent on New Capacity Will Go to Asia -The region will get $5.8 trillion in new capacity investments through 2050, roughly three-quarters of which will go to China and India.

6. Battery Investors Go Big - State programs and lower costs will encourage investment in utility-scale.

7. Where Green Power Is Cheapest Today -Clean (and dirty) energy prices vary globally. Coal is costly in the U.K.

8. The Debt Market for Sustainable Projects Has Exploded Green bonds have driven sustainable debt issuance since 2012. Last year, financial, corporate, and mortgage-backed issuers accounted for two-thirds of sales.

9. Green Technologies to Grow More Affordable -The relative costs of solar and wind will fall well below those of coal and gas.

10. Not Everyone Is Participating In the New Energy Boom -The number of U.S. solar jobs has climbed 159% since 2010, but women are disproportionately left out of the clean energy workforce—and underpaid within it.

Barriers for the development of Circular Bioeconomy in Greece

• Lack of public awareness on the environmental benefits

• Disorganized and costly supply chain of raw materials

• Huge bureaucracy

• Low technical training around Bioeconomy

• Instability of institutional and taxation environment

• Lack of substantial efforts to create a framework for the marketability of 'green' innovations

Greece has huge potential for Circular Bioeconomy development in many fields

The Greek Bioeconomy Forum.Who we are: Group of people from different disciplines with experience in various aspects of bioeconomics.

Our vision: the widespread idea of the bioeconomyacross Greece

Objectives: to help accelerate the transition to a sustainable,resource efficient economy through:

✓ Promoting the benefits of bioeconomy

✓ Influence on bioeconomic policy at national / regional / local level

✓ Support the development and dissemination of a National Biosecurity Action Plan

✓ Improving public awareness of the relationship with

o what is possible through reuse and recycling

o how we produce, use and consume products in a bioeconomy

http://bioeconomyforum.gr/

The Greek Bioeconomy Forum

http://bioeconomyforum.gr/)

Prof. Dr. Emmanuel Koukios

Emeritus professor of Organic

Technologies at the National

Technical University of Athens,

Greece

Constantine Vaitsas

Internationalisation and

Innovation expert

Ex - Member of the

States Representatives

Group of the Bio-based

Industries Joint

Undertaking (SRG BBI)

Prof. Dr. Constantinos E. Vorgias

National Kapodistrian University -

Member of the Greek National

Research and Techonology

Committee (NRTC, Energy Section)

Dr. Yannis Fallas

Director CluBE

Member of EU B/E

stakeholders Panel

Dr. Electra Papadopoulou

Chemist - Senior Researcher

on BioPolymers/

CHIMAR HELLAS SA

Ex- EU Bioeconomy Panel

member

The Greek Bioeconomy Forum

❑Website http://bioeconomyforum.gr/)

❑ that provides info and activities relative to BioEconomy, like

➢ EU documents

➢ EU & National calls for funded projects

➢ News for events (globally)

• Activities that improve public awareness and motivation 1st Greek photography contest

(2018).

❑Twitter account (>100 followers)

❑Events: the 1st Bioeconomy event in Thessaloniki on 10 & 11 May 2019 http://bioeconomyforum.gr/)

https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/ebtj/2/3/article-p137.xml

THANK YOU very much!

“Not only is another world possible, but it is already on the way. On aquiet day I can hear him breathing”.

Booker-award-winning Indian Arudati Roy ("The God of Small Things"):

Dr Electra Papadopoulou

Circular Bioeconomy Consultant

Chemist BSc, Materials MSc, Mphil, Physics PhD

Member of the EU Bio-economy panel (2013 – 2015) info@bioecoforum.gr

& electrapapadopoulou@gmail.com