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Circular Economy and Raw Material EU Policies

PROMETIA Scientific Seminar Berlin, 13th December, 2018

Maria NYBERG

European Commission. Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SME's (DG GROW).

Unit C2 - «Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials»

GROW C2

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• State of play EU policy on transitions to a circular economy

• Links with the EU policy on Raw Materials:Drivers for demand, Raw Materials Initiative (RMI), European Innovation Partnership Raw Materials (EIP Raw Materials), H2020.

• Secondary Critical Raw Materials – sectoralapproach: Supply side: mining primary RMs, re-mining of secondary RMs from mining waste, landfills. Demand side: EEE, batteries, automotive sector, renewableenergy, defence industry, chemicals and fertilisers

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Today

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2050-strategy for climate neutral Europe

…more and better re-use and recycling will improve competitiveness…

…raw materials indispensable enablers for carbon-neutral solutions across sectors…

…recovery and recycling particularly important in sectors/technologies depending on critical materials like cobalt, rare earths and graphite…

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Main drivers for demand raw materials

• Demography

• Decarbonisation

• Urbanisation

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Raw Materials

EU Raw Materials Strategy

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Raw Materials Initiative

= EU policy

✓ CRM list (2011, 2014, 2017)

✓ H2020 funding✓ Raw Materials

Scoreboard

➢ keep the EU industry competitive

on the way to a low-carbon and

circular economy;

➢ help the EU industry to master:

digitalisation, sustainability and

innovation;

➢ strengthen domestic production

and EU industrial value chains,

all starting with raw materials,

particularly critical raw materials

(e.g. EU Battery Alliance);

➢ strengthen partnerships between

the EU, Member States and

regions;

➢ attract young generation and

develop relevant skills, build

knowledge and engage society

European Innovation Partnership (EIP) Raw Materials Strategic Implementation Plan

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Horizon 2020Context and overview

Excellent science

(€ 24 billion)

Industrial leadership(€ 17 billion)

Societal challenges(€ 31 billion)

SC5. Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials

1. EU Policy backgroundRaw Materials in Horizon 2020

Open call: CE-SC5-07-2018-2019-2020Raw materials innovation for the circular economy:Sustainable processing, reuse, recycling and recovery schemes 19 Feb 2019!

Raw Materials

Circular Economy –Raw Materials

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Raw Materials

Transition towards a Circular Economy

The value of products, materials and resources is

maintained in the economy for as long as possible

Waste generation is minimised

Brings economic, social and environmental gains

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Action Plan

"Closing the loop. An EU action plan for the Circular Economy"Commission's Communication COM(2015) 614 final

Raw Materials

Circular Economy

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Critical raw materials and circular economy

Raw Materials

Action Plan Circular Economy

Circularity of raw materials (recycling input rate)

• 10%

Circularity of critical raw materials

• High for some… (Vanadium, Tungsten, Cobalt, Antimony- between44% - 28%

• But low for most… (Light – and heavy rare earth metals around6%)

Raw Materials

Circular Economy

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Critical raw materials and circular economy

Objectives:

- Analyse the supply and demandside of CRMs in the EU with regard to the use of secondary raw materials.

- 6 sectors: EEE, batteries, automotive, renewables, defence, chemicals and fertilisers.

- Provide key data sources andidentify best practices and possible further actions.

- Help Member States implement thenew provisions on critical raw materials in the Waste Framework Directive – i.e. in relation to waste prevention and waste management

Raw Materials

Circular Economy

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Critical raw materials and circular economy

Raw Materials

Circular Economy

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Critical raw materials and circular economy

Raw Materials

Circular Economy

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Critical raw materials and circular economy

Raw Materials

Circular Economy

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Critical raw materials and circular economy

Raw Materials

Circular Economy

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Critical raw materials and circular economy

Main findings:

- EEE: Ecodesign directive/enterprise server productgroup/material efficient recycling of CRMs

- Circularity depends on recycling infrastructure, market prices of materials, possibility to disassemble products, and the amount of material becoming available from products reaching their end-of-life

- Only a small fraction of CRMs remains inside Europe’s socio-economic system through functional recycling

Raw Materials

Circular Economy

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Critical raw materials and circular economy

For improved recycling of CRMs:

- Research/innovations on efficiencyof use of CRMs in key sectors

- Use ecodesign/labellingrequirements to facilitateextraction of key componentscontaining CRMs

- Supply side: improve data on mining waste and extraction ofCRMs

- Develop recycling technologiesfocusing on materials

- Develop European standards on material-efficient recycling of CRMs

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Raw Materials

EU policies Raw Materials and Circular Economy

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To conclude…

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Raw Materials Week 2019

18-22 November

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Thank you!

maria.nyberg@ec.europa.eu

EU Raw Materials Week 2018 https://ec.europa.eu/growth/content/raw-materials-week-2018_en

Policy and strategy for raw materialshttp://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/raw-materials/policy-strategy_en

EIP on raw materialshttps://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/eip-raw-materials/en/content/european-innovation-partnership-eip-raw-materials

Policy and strategy for circular economyhttps://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/sustainability/circular-economy_en

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Raw Materials

EU Critical Raw Materials assessment 2017

▪ 78 raw materials evaluated with fact sheets available, revisedmethodology published – CRM website

▪ Commission's Communication on 2017 list of Critical RawMaterials for the EU, COM(2017) 490, 13.9.2017

Raw Materials InitiativeEU Critical Raw Materials

2017 CRMs (27)

Antimony Fluorspar *LREEs Phosphorus

Baryte Gallium Magnesium Scandium

Beryllium Germanium Natural graphite Silicon metal

Bismuth Hafnium Natural Rubber Tantalum

Borate Helium Niobium Tungsten

Cobalt *HREEs *PGMs Vanadium

Coking coal Indium Phosphate rock

*HREEs=heavy rare earth elements, LREEs=light rare earth elements, PGMs=platinum group metals

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EU RMIS