Circulation and Gas Exchange KnowWant to Know Gastrovascular Cavity vs. Open Circulatory System vs. Closed Circulatory System Label the systems above

Circulation and Gas ExchangeKnow Want to

Know

Gastrovascular Cavity vs. Open Circulatory System vs. Closed Circulatory System

Label the systems above and identify in which organisms/phyla each system is found. Then, compare and contrast the three systems. Which system is most efficient at circulation? Which system “costs” least to build/maintain?

Define these terms: blood, vessels, heart, hemolymph, and sinuses




Label the systems above and identify in which organisms/phyla each system is found. Then, compare and contrast the three systems. Which system is most efficient at circulation? Which system “costs” least to build/maintain?

Define these terms: blood, vessels, heart, hemolymph, and sinuses

VERTEBRATE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

Label the systems above and identify in which organisms each type is found. Then, identify the key advantages of the 4 chambered system over the 2 or 3 chambered systems.

Define: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venules, atria, and ventricles



Label the systems above and identify in which organisms each type is found. Then, identify the key advantages of the 4 chambered system over the 2 or 3 chambered systems.

Define: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venules, atria, and ventricles

MAMMALIAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Label the mammalian circulatory system and heart below. Be able to trace the path of a blood cell through the heart and body and identify which vessels carry oxygenated blood and which carry deoxygenated blood in the body and in the heart.



Practice!Describe the paths a red blood cell could take

if it started in the inferior vena cava, went to the brain, and returned

Focus QuestionsWhen does it have oxygen? When does it not?

What causes oxygen and nutrients to be delivered to the cells and carbon dioxide and waste to be removed?

Capillary Exchange

Capillary ExchangeNormal osmotic pressure = 25 mmHg

THE CARDIAC CYCLE, HEART RATE, AND BLOOD PRESSURE

Label the diagrams about the cardiac cycle and heart rate above. Know which stages of contraction are associated with “systole” and “diastole” and know how to coordinate the electrical stimulation from the pacemaker of the heart with the stages of contractions. Also, define heart rate and know how the sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and hormones like epinephrine (adrenaline) affect or regulate heart rate.

Define: heart rate, stroke volume, sinoatrial (SA) node, and AV node.



How do the sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and hormones like epinephrine (adrenaline) affect or regulate heart rate?


What does blood pressure measure?




BLOODComplete the table below to identify the key

components of blood and plasma. Be able to explain in great detail how the structure of red blood cells contributes to their function. Use structural differences between healthy red blood cells and sickle cells to explain the complications associated with sickle cell anemia.

Terms: plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin

Sickle Cells vs. Normal CellsIt’s all about the hemoglobin…

How do structural differences lead to complications associated with sickle cell

anemia?

RESPIRATION AND GAS EXCHANGE: BIG PICTURE

Label the diagram to the right showing the “big picture” of how an organism’s respiration is related to cellular respiration. Review the steps of cellular respiration and how food energy is converted to ATP.



What are the general characteristics of all respiratory surfaces? Identify in which organisms the following serve as respiratory surfaces: body wall/cell membrane, skin, gills tracheae, and lungs.

Define: respiration/gas exchange, respiratory surface


What are the general characteristics of all respiratory surfaces? Identify in which organisms the following serve as respiratory surfaces: body wall/cell membrane, skin, gills tracheae, and lungs.

Define: respiration/gas exchange, respiratory surface


MAMMALIAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

Label the diagram of the human respiratory system below. Be able to explain the how the structure of alveoli contribute to their respiratory function. Also, be able to explain how the levels of O2 and CO2 are detected and relayed to the brain and how the brain responds to low levels of O2 or high levels of CO2.

Define: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm, medulla oblongata, and pons



Carbon Dioxide Transport

Carbon Dioxide TransportAs the amount of CO2 in the blood increases, the pH of

the blood ____________ because the blood is more _________.

The decrease in blood pH is sensed by vessels like the aorta which sends a signal to the _________________and _______.

What response should the brain trigger if the blood pH is too low?

What could cause the blood pH to be too low?

Given all this… briefly describe how blood pH is regulated.

HEMOGLOBIN AND GAS EXCHANGE

Study the diagrams below. How does pH affect the saturation of oxygen in hemoglobin? How does temperature affect the saturation of oxygen in hemoglobin? When a person exercises, they produce more CO2 which (raises/lowers) the pH of the blood. This causes oxygen to be (held/released) into the muscle cells during exercise. This is called the Bohr shift.

The Awesomeness of HemoglobinWhat factors cause O2 to dissociate from (or be

let go from) hemoglobin?

Which types of cells produce the most CO2? Least?

What happens to temperature, CO2 levels, and blood pH when you exercise?

Given all this.... briefly explain how the structure/function of hemoglobin ensures the most needy cells get the O2!

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Circulation and Gas Exchange KnowWant to Know Gastrovascular Cavity vs. Open Circulatory System vs. Closed Circulatory System Label the systems above