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Circulatory Disorders
Coronary Artery Disease
• Plaque buildup in coronary arteries.• Prevents the heart from receiving oxygen-rich blood.• Causes/Risk Factors:
– Smoking and alcoholism.– High blood pressure.– High blood cholesterol.– Stress.– Diabetes.– Obesity.– Lack of physical activity.– Age, gender, and family history.
Symptoms
• Shortness of breath.• Angina:
– Pain or pressure in chest, shoulders, arm, neck, jaw or back.
– Parts of heart muscle not receiving enough O2, so muscle strain causes pain.
Symptoms
• Some may not experience any symptoms until they suffer from a heart attack, heart failure or arrhythmia.
WATCH THIS!!!
Diagnosis
• Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG).• Echocardiogram.• Chest X-ray.• Blood tests.
Treatment
• Angioplasty.• Coronary artery bypass surgery.• Medicines.
– To ↓ blood pressure, blood cholesterol, etc.• Lifestyle changes.
– Quit smoking and ↓ alcohol consumption.– ↑ physical activity and focus on healthy diet.
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Leukemia
• Bone marrow cancer leads to abnormal WBC production in overabundance.
• Abnormal functioning of WBCs prevents them from dying.
• Overcrowding of bone marrow to where it is unable to manufacture other blood cells (RBCs, platetlets).
• Causes/Risk Factors:– Radiation & chemotherapy.– Benzene.– Smoking.
Symptoms
• Swollen, pain-free lymph nodes.• Bleeding and bruising easily.• Fevers and night sweats.• Frequent infections.• Fatigue.• Unexplained weight loss.
Diagnosis
• Physical exam.– Swollen lymph nodes, spleen or liver.
• Blood test.– High WBC and/or low
platelets and hemoglobin.
• Bone marrow biopsy.
Treatment
• Dependant on type of leukemia, age, and health.– Bone marrow transplant.– Chemotherapy.– Radiation therapy.– Stem cell transplant
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Marfan’s Syndrome
• Heritable condition that affects connective tissue.– Autosomal dominant.
• 25% of all cases are a result of a spontaneous mutation.
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Symptoms
• Tall and slender.
• Retinal detachment.
• * Aortic dilation.– More likely to rupture sudden death.
• * Leaky heart valves.– Heart murmor.
Diagnosis
• Physical exam.
• Genetic analysis rarely completed.
Treatment
• Skeletal: orthopedic braces or surgery.• Vision: surgery or eye glasses.• Heart: medications, valve replacement,
aorta repair.