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Circulatory System . The heart and major blood vessels. One fist sized, pound, of cardiac muscle located between the lungs. Heart walls and coverings. Pericardium 2 layers of protection around the heart 1. visceral pericardium (epicardium) forms part of the wall of the heart - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Circulatory System The heart and major blood vessels
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One fist sized, pound, of cardiac muscle located between the lungs.
Heart walls and coveringsPericardium 2 layers of
protection around the heart
1. visceral pericardium (epicardium) forms part of the wall of the heart
2. parietal pericardium loose membrane composed of dense connective tissue
Heart 3 layers1. Epicardium –
connective covering
2. Myocardium - Muscle
3. Endocardium – epithelial lining
Double Pump1. Right side pumps
blood to the lungs the beginning of the
Pulmonary circulation
2. The left side pumps blood to the body.
Systemic circulation Renal circulation Portal Circulation Hepatic Circulation Cranial Circulation Coronary Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation (Lungs)Blood flows from vena cava into the r. atria that sends
bloodto the r. ventricle that
pumps deoxygenated blood through the
pulmonary trunk to the r. & l. pulmonary arteries
Through the lungs returning oxygenated blood to the
Pulmonary veins back into the heart at the left atria
Systemic Circulation
Blood flow to bones and muscles. The amount of blood depends on the need.O2 is delivered with growth hormone CO2 and urea are removed
Coronary CirculationBlood supply to the
heart.Own system fed by a
different artery from other systems
O2 and glucose are taken in and CO2 and urea removed
Hepatic CirculationBlood flow to the
liverRemoves cholesterol
and CO2Leaves O2 and some
cholesterol
Portal Circulation (Intestines)Blood
carries in O2 and leaves with Glucose and other nutrients
Renal Circulation (Kidneys)
Blood is filtered through the kidneys where CO2 and urea (a toxic nitrogen waste material) are exchanged for O2
Cranial CirculationA double system of arteries
(internal carotid and vertebral) that connect to the Circle of Willis a circuit of arteries that allows blood to flow to the Dura mater in the event of a clot in any one area.
Carries in O2, glucose, and cholesterol
Takes out CO2 and Growth Hormone
Heart Chambers2 atria on top, thin walls, low pressure 2 ventricles below, thick walls, high pressure.
Separated by the thick interartial interventricular septum
The atria and ventricles separated by (AV) atrioventricular valves
Inflow on the left regulated by the bicuspid (mitral) valve open during contraction
Inflow on the right prevented by the tricuspid valve open during relaxation
Intrinsic Conduction System
1. Sinoatrial Node (pacemaker) starts conduction by sending an impulse to the
2. Atrioventricular node the impulse flows to the
3. AV Bundle in the septum and splits out to the
4. Bundle branches and further out to the walls of the heart in the
5. Purkinje Fibers
Cardiac CycleCardiac cycle – refers to events of one complete
heartbeatDiastole – muscle relaxes and chamber fillsSystole – muscle contracts and blood is ejected
Heart Sounds•2 heart sounds are heard
– “lub” – “dup” pause “lub” – “dup”
•“lub” – is the sound of the AV valves closing
•“dup” is the sound of the semilunar (mitral and tricuspid) valves closing
•Abnormal sounds–Murmurs – indicate leaky valves or narrow valves
–Split sounds – heart enlargement