CIS 310 Management Information Systems

Green ComputingGuthrie, Winter 2013

Technologies and Processes that are Environmentally Friendly

• Design– Product longevity– Disposal of toxic materials– Telecommuting– E-Commerce Delivery– Data center design

• Technologies– Virtualization– Grid computing– Cloud computing

Technology and the Environment

• eWaste– 2.5 million tons of e-waste ends up in landfills.– Only 25% of e-waste is recycled.– Toxic chemicals: lead, mercury, arsenic, and

cadmium– e-waste recycling generates $5 billion in revenue

yearly

Technology and the Environment

• Energy consumption– Data centers waste up to 90% of the power they

use. (idle servers, unused capacity)– Worldwide data center power use is 30 billion

watts (equivalent to 30 nuclear power plants)– “A single data center can take more power than a

medium-size town.”– “Google’s data centers consume nearly 300 million

watts and Facebook’s about 60 million watts.”

Energy Consumption = Carbon Emission

Greener Data Center = Saved $$$$

Google Public Data Explorer

• CO2 Emissions per capita

Productlongevity –Cell Phone Replacement

Product longevity (contd.)

• If your dvd player breaks, do you:– Buy a new one – Try to fix it– Pay someone to fix it

• Laptop Replacement every 2 Years• Servers …about 4- 5 years• Gameboy (1989), Gameboy Color (1998), Game

Boy Advance (2001), DS (2004), DS Lite (2009), 3DS (2011)

Product longevity

• Upgradeable Products– Cell Phone, upgrade the OS so you have more

capability.• Multi-purpose products– Servers – virtualization: server can run several

different things in one box. – Phone is your GPS, radio, game device, tv and …

phone.

Disposal of toxic materials - phones

• How many phones were thrown away in 2009 us? 5 million

• Is my phone toxic?• Newer phones are

less toxic.• Phones are almost

entirely recyclable.

Source: ifixit.org

eWaste – EPA FAQ• “For every million cell phones we recycle, 35,274 pounds of

copper, 772 pounds of silver, 75 pounds of gold, and 33 pounds of palladium can be recovered. Recovering metals from used cell phones can reduce extraction of raw metals from the earth.”

• “In 2009, discarded TVs, computers, peripherals (including printers, scanners, fax machines) mice, keyboards, and cell phones totaled about 2.37 million short tons.”

• “In 2009, approximately 25 percent of TVs, computer products, and cell phones that were ready for end-of-life management were collected for recycling. Cell phones were recycled at a rate of approximately 8 percent.”

• “…lead, nickel, cadmium, and mercury, could pose risks to human health “

eWaste Disposal

• How do I get rid of an old cell phone?– Make sure the contract is over.– Make sure you’ve removed all your information.– Consider donating it. – Phones4charity.org– Sellcell.com will give you $ for your old phone.

• Google ItRoute 66 Self Storage450 E. Foothill Blvd, Pomona, CA, 91767

Mon-Sat: 9:00am-6:00pmSun: 10:00am - 4:00pm

Telecommuting

• Instead of driving to work, you work from home or a tele-center.

• Benefits:– No commute time– More productive to work without interruption

• Losses:– Isolation– Visibility to management

E Commerce Delivery

• Smart routing of shipments• Trucking infrastructure is enormous• Being able to smartly plan routing lets you:– Save gas– Improve delivery times

• UPS - “Last year, the delivery company saved 3 million gallons of gas nationwide and shaved 30 million miles off its delivery routes by reconfiguring its routes to turn right as often as possible.” (WRAL.com, 2008)– 7% of fuel burned while idling.

Data Center Design

• Virtualization • Cloud computing (Doesn’t this just put the

carbon footprint somewhere else?)• Cooling Design– Keep an appropriate temperature Cool the right

things– Water cooling & Air-side economizers

• Power management – automate power saving– Scalable data center

End

• What country has the highest CO2 emissions per captia?

• What country has the best recycling programs in the world?

• Does one Google search have a carbon emission?

• It’s easy to scale your data center? T/F

USA

Switzerland, USA is #7

Yes

No

Virtualization & Grid Computing

Guthrie, Winter 2013

Virtualization

• Old Server Configurations.

• Costs– Servers– Maintenance– Power– Data Center Space & Cooling– Unused Processing Power (90-95% per server)

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

Virtualization

• New Environment

• Instead of 1000 servers, you could have 200.• Maintenace, Labor, Cost is all reduced.

Virtualization

Hardware

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

Example 1, Rigel Capital, LLC

• Investment management firm.• Trading needs to be quick. MIS needs to be

reliable and• Went from ‘multiple single-use physical servers’

to ‘two VMware servers’• Results– Disaster recovery went from hours to minutes– Create a new server virtually instead of purchasing

new hardware– Consolidation of servers makes it easier to coolAllCovered.Com

Grid Computing

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

Scheduler

Example 2, DreamWorks

• 2001, Shrek: 6 terabytes of data, 5 million render hours.

• 2010, How to Train Your Dragon: 100 terabytes of data, 50 million render hours.

• Giant ‘farm’ of servers to do all the processing. Grid computing allowed them to distribute the processing load and finish sooner.

Enterthegrid.com

Example 3, SETI

• SETI Institute at Berkeley• Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI)• People can ‘donate’ their unused computer

power to help SETI search tons of data for signs of life in outer space.

• Running SETI@home, BOINC software:– “When you run SETI@home on your computer, it

will use part of the computer's CPU power, disk space, and network bandwidth. You can control how much of your resources are used by SETI@home, and when it uses them.”

End

• How much processing power is typically used in a server?

• What runs on a server?• What does virtualization

mean?

• Can Grid computing find extraterrestrial life?

5-10%An OS and an Application.

Running several OS& Apps in one box.

It hasn’t so far.

Cloud Computing

Guthrie, Winter 2013

Cloud Computing

= Internet

Cloud Computing

In housecloud

farm

Cloud Computing

farm

Google’s Server Farms or Data Centers

Data Farms

• Headlines– Fjord Cooled Data Center in Norway is the Worlds

Greenest Data Center– Facebook to Build Server Farm at the Artic Circle

• Economies– Maintenance– Labor– Dynamic Scaling– Backup and Recovery– Cost

Cloud Computing Problems

• Security• Access – if you lose Internet, it’s over• Isn’t always as easy as it seams• Service from a giant host might not be as good

as what you get in-house• Locked in to a specific service provider

Services from the Cloud

• Platform as a Service (PaaS)• Software as a

Service (SaaS)• Infrastructure as a

Service (IaaS)

End

• Why is cloud computing considered a green technology for the data center?

• What are the three major areas that cloud providers give service?

• Name one disadvantage of Cloud Computing.

Cloud service providers can use virtualization and efficient cooling that have a smaller CO2 emission than a regular firm.

IaaS, PaaS & SaaS

You need internet access to make it work.Security.

Sources• Glanz, James. The Cloud Factories, Power Pollution and the Internet, New

York Times, 9/22/2012.• Kyle, Chemical Analysis Reveals Newer Phones Have Fewer Toxics,

10/2/2012.• EPA E-Waste FAQ• Mildwurf Bruce, UPS Saving Money, Fuel Just by Turning Right, 7/28/2008.• Presidio Economics.

E-Waste Generates Additional Revenues for Consumer Electronic Retailers, Triple Pundit, 5/31/2012.

• Rigel Capital LLC, Building Reliability and Security into your IT Infrastructure.

• Dreamworks, Enter the Grid, 3/26/2010.• The SETI Institute.