CITIZEN HANDBOOK Citizen... · 2019. 5. 24. · differentiate yourself as to why you are the best candidate for a particular position along with talking about your ideas for MBS

CITIZENHANDBOOK

2019 Edition

MISSOURI BOYS STATE CITIZEN HANDBOOK

Citizen Name

MBS City Name

MBS City Counselor

Contents

Frequently Asked Questions about Missouri Boys State i

University of Central Missouri Campus Map iii

Introduction to Missouri Boys State 1I. Welcome 1II. What is Missouri Boys State? 1III. History of Missouri Boys State 1IV. Administrative Organization of Missouri Boys State 2V. Program Values and Code of Conduct 2

Boys State Creed 2Missouri Boys State Code of Conduct 2

VI. Program Funding, Sponsorships, and the Missouri Boys State Memorial Trust 3VII. College Credit and Scholarship Information 3

What Do I Do at Missouri Boys State? 4 I. General Overview 4II. Building and Participating in Missouri Boys State Government 4

a. Elections and Elected Officials 4b. Appointed Officials 5c. Electoral Schedule 5

III. Journalism, Media, and Press 6IV. Business and Commerce 6V. Schools of Instruction 6VI. Athletic and Academic Competitions 7VII. General Assembly Speakers 7

The Structures of Missouri Boys State 8I. The Governmental Structure of Missouri Boys State 8II. The Nomination, Election, and Appointment of Governmental Positions 9III. The City Level 9IV. The County Level 10V. The State Level 11

a. The Legislative Branch 11How a Bill Becomes a Law 12Lobbyists and Lobbying 13Parliamentary Procedure 14

b. The Executive Branch 14Overview of Missouri Boys State Executive Departments 15Interaction Between the Executive and Legislative Branches 16Senate Confirmation 16Positions in the Executive Branch 16The State Budget 17Setting the Agenda: The State of the State Address 17

c. The Judicial Branch 17Lawyers and Judges 17The Court System 18The Jury System 19Criminal Law 19Civil Actions 19Trial Procedure 20

VI. Law Enforcement 21Highway Patrol 21Capitol Police 22County Sheriffs 22Municipal Police Departments 22

VII. The Political Party Structure at Missouri Boys State 22a. Voting 22

b. Elections 23c. The Levels of the Political Party Structure 23d. Nominating Petitions and Filing Fees 25e. Rising Through the Ranks of the Political Party Structure 25f. Outside the Ranks of the Political Party Structure 25

VIII. The Difference Between Governmental and Political Positions 26IX. Journalism and Media 27

a. The Media at Missouri Boys State 27b. What is News? 27c. The First Amendment 28d. Limits on the First Amendment 28

X. The Economy 29a. The Role and Influence of Government on the Economy 30b. The Use of “Money” 30c. Businesses at Missouri Boys State 31d. Opening and Operating a Business at Missouri Boys State 31

XI. Final Points 32

What Can I Do at Missouri Boys State? 33I. Governmental and Political Positions by Level 33II. Position Names by Recommended or Required School of Instruction 35III. Chronological Order of Positions by Day of Election, Appointment, or Application Deadline 37IV. Position Glossary 39

Supplemental Materials 51I. The Missouri Boys State Constitution 51

Preamble 51Article I - Boundaries 51Article II - Bill of Rights 51Article III - Distribution of Powers 52Article IV - Legislative Department 52Article V - Executive Department 54Article VI - Judicial Department 56Article VII - Suffrage 56Article VIII - Revenue 57Article IX - Counties 57Article X - Corporations 57Article XI - Amendments to the Constitution 57Article XII - Initiative and Referendum 58

II. The Revised Statutes of Missouri Boys State 59Title I: Laws And Statutes 59Title II: State Government 59Title III: Citizens And Staff 60Title IV: Political Subdivisions, Agencies, And Commissions 61Title V: Health and Welfare 62Title VI: Voting, Elections, And Campaigns 62Title VII: Conservation and Energy 62Title VIII: Business and Commerce 63Title IX: Occupations and Professions 63Title X: Civil and Criminal Procedure 63Title XI: Crimes and Punishment 64

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Frequently Asked Questions about Missouri Boys State

This Citizen Handbook is a live document. Over the years, our City Counselors and other staff members have shared the ques-tions most commonly asked by MBS citizens, both before and during MBS. To help orient you to both the content of this hand-book and the MBS program at-large, we’ve listed below some of these “Frequently Asked Questions.” While this short FAQ is in-tended to help you prepare, feel free to ask any MBS staff member a question, and we’ll find an answer for you!

What do I do at Missouri Boys State?

You and roughly 1,000 other rising high school senior men will work together to create Missouri Boys State, the 51st U.S. state. Some of you will serve as elected officials while others will be law enforcement officers, report on the daily happenings as member of the media, or defend your fellow citizens in court. Some of you will make up the backbone of the economy as successful busi-ness owners while others serve in the General Assembly to pass legislation that affects the daily lives of hundreds of citizens. You get out of MBS what you put into MBS, so we encourage you to engage fully!

What can I do at Missouri Boys State?

There are hundreds of opportunities to make your week an unfor-gettable experience. Consult Chapter 4 to see a list of all available positions, short descriptions, whether the position requires or rec-ommends attending a certain school of instruction, and whether the position is elected or appointed. Moreover, Chapter 3 lists major positions available at each level of government (city, county, state) along with major positions available within MBS’s political party structure. If you spot a position you like, be sure to read up about it and know when elections are held or when applications are due. Using this handbook and preparing in advance can give you a leg up!

How fast does Missouri Boys State move?

We pack a lot into your eight days in Warrensburg—you hit the ground running right after you arrive on the first Saturday. You’ll meet your City Counselors and Assistant City Counselors in your city areas, unpack your bags, and then things kick into high gear. Some positions have applications that are due the first night, such as being a trooper with the MBS Highway Patrol, manager of one of the MBS media outlets (e.g., newspaper, radio, TV), or state-level appointed official (e.g., Governor’s Press Secretary, Chief Clerk of the House of Representatives). Fear not, though, as elections, appointments, and job openings occur every day during the week—just make sure you read this handbook before you ar-rive in order to get an idea of how the program is structured, what the deadlines are for positions that interest you, and what you can do throughout the week.

Can I hold more than one position?

Yes! You can hold multiple positions at the same time. However, you may hold only one governmental position at one time. On the

other hand, you may hold any number of political party positions at one time. An easy way to figure out if you have a governmental position is ask yourself, “From whom does my paycheck come?” If your salary comes from tax revenues, it is a governmental po-sition. If your salary comes from your political party, it is likely a political party position. Chapter 4 notes which positions are either governmental or political party. There are also some positions that are neither governmental or political party, such as a city athletic director, reporter, or business owner.

When are elections?

Elections occur throughout the week and start on the first night:

• Saturday night – City Party Ward Activities and City Party Or-ganization

• Sunday morning – City Party Caucuses, Campaigns, and Ral-lies

• Sunday late morning/early afternoon – City Elections and State Legislative Elections

• Monday – City and County Party Caucuses; State Party Con-vention and Central Committee Meetings

• Tuesday before breakfast – State Office Nominating Petition Filing Deadline

• Tuesday morning – County Elections• Wednesday morning – Statewide Primary Election• Thursday morning – Statewide General Election

Do I have to speak in public?

You are not required to speak in public. However, odds are that you will at some point during the week. We encourage you to give it a shot! If you want to rehearse beforehand, just ask a fellow citizen or a staff member—we’re happy to help.

How do I win an election or get appointed to a position?

This is a tricky question because there is no one best answer that will help you get elected or appointed. One of the best ways is to differentiate yourself as to why you are the best candidate for a particular position along with talking about your ideas for MBS. Our staff members, especially your City Counselors, are here to help you brainstorm ideas and strategies. As the previous question noted, while you’re not required to speak in public, it’s a key way to introduce yourself to your fellow citizens and learn what they want to get out of MBS and how their desires may fit into your run for office or for an appointed position. In short, try to meet as many people as you can throughout the week, but especially early on!

Do I have to dress up?

No. Casual attire (e.g., gym shorts and a t-shirt) is appropriate throughout the week. However, you may want to dress up if you plan on running for an elected office or hope to be appointed to a position. Some citizens like to look like a candidate from the real world when they meet voters, give speeches, and campaign during

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questions with one related to your chosen school of instruction and one related to your participation throughout the week. Your school of instruction will distribute instructional materials during formal class sessions on Sunday through Tuesday—and these materials, plus your active participation during class sessions, are aligned with the first multiple-choice section and first essay question. This handbook includes much of the content assessed on the second multiple-choice section and second essay question. However, the discussions you have with your fellow citizens and City Counselors, plus your active participation in MBS, are tightly aligned with the second multiple-choice section and second essay question. You must pass the exam with a 70% or better and fully participate in order to be eligible for college credit. If you are eli-gible, the University of Central Missouri will contact you after the program. You must follow their directions to apply for the credit and pay a small fee. MBS promotes “learning by doing,” but en-sure you preview and review!

Who can I ask questions to during the week?

We have over 125 staff members, including your City Counsel-ors and Assistant City Counselors along with instructors in the schools of instruction and our behind-the-scenes operations staff members. Feel free to ask any staff member a question, and we’ll find an answer for you.

the week. Some positions are recognized on stage, though, such as Mayors and statewide elected officials; if you end up getting one of those positions, we encourage you to dress up. Citizens have been successful in both ways, and the choice is yours!

Do I get to choose my political party?

You are randomly assigned to either the Federalist Party or Na-tionalist Party. On the first night, you and the fellow members of your party will meet in your city to discuss your city’s party platform. You will be given last year’s platform as a starting point, but it is up to you to determine the issues most important to you and your fellow citizens. You will then repeat this process and also choose political party officials at the city, county, and state lev-els. Remember, though, that political parties are not financed by taxpayers. As such, you can hold as many positions within your political party as you can get elected or appointed!

Which school of instruction should I attend?

Chapter 4 lists all the available positions, and each position de-scription notes a recommended or required school of instruction. Ask your City Counselor if you have questions on whether you need to attend a certain school or desire to attend a certain school. Formal classes occur from Sunday to Tuesday.

Where are things located at Missouri Boys State?

Your Citizen Schedule and Citizen Handbook includes a map of the University of Central Missouri’s campus, home of MBS. All city areas are located in the Ellis Complex (South, East, and North Ellis Halls) and the University Conference Center (UCC). Both of these areas are located on the east side of North Magu-ire Street. Schools of instruction meet in various auditoriums and large classroom spaces around campus. MBS Olympiad events, such as athletic and academic competitions, take place both in-doors and outdoors at various locations around campus. The MBS legislative and executive branches (e.g., Senate and House of Rep-resentatives, Governor’s Office) are located in the Ward Edwards Building, which we call the State Capitol. The Hall of Justice, MBS’s judicial branch, is located in the Ellis Complex’s main din-ing hall.

When is the Missouri Boys State Store open?

The MBS Store is a great opportunity to purchase MBS merchan-dise (including your official MBS t-shirt!), pick up items you may have forgotten at home, and grab a quick snack. For up-to-date store hours, review your Citizen Schedule, check the MBS App on a Wi-Fi Enabled handheld device, or ask your City Counselor.

How do I get college credit for attending Missouri Boys State?

Our educational program is accredited by the University of Cen-tral Missouri and reviewed every four years to update what is taught, how it is taught, and by whom. On Friday morning, you will take an exam, which consists of three sections: (1) a multi-ple-choice section with questions related to your chosen school of instruction, (2) a multiple-choice section with questions relat-ed to your participation throughout the week, and (3) two essay

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Chapter 1

Introduction to Missouri Boys State

I. Welcome

Welcome to The American Legion Boys State of Missouri (MBS) and congratulations on being selected for this highly prestigious program! Selection to participate in MBS is based on demonstrat-ed leadership and achievement in your school and local communi-ty—this is a distinction in which you may take great pride.

This handbook was prepared especially for you to help you get the most out of your week as a citizen of MBS. Please read it carefully and thoroughly. You are strongly encouraged to use this as your daily reference guide as you move through the program. The more familiar you are with the contents of this handbook, the more you can potentially benefit from the experience, and your advantage will be greater in the MBS political process. You are also encouraged to keep the handbook for future reference be-cause it is a valuable source of general information about Missouri State Government.

MBS is among the most respected and selective civic education programs for high school students. You will not be disappointed with your decision to participate in this outstanding citizenship education experience. It will likely influence your life decisions in ways that you cannot fully appreciate until years later. At MBS, you will experience government in a practical sense by actually participating in it. MBS also offers opportunities to enjoy spirited competition and camaraderie. You will have fun and work hard; you will learn about government; you will make new friendships with people from around the state; and you will learn more about yourself.

You’ll hear the staff refer to MBS as “A Week to Shape a Life-time.” That’s not just a catchy slogan. Several years from now, as you look back upon the friends and events that shaped your adult life, we are sure that you will understand why we are so proud of this program, and why we welcome the opportunity to share it with you.

II. What is Missouri Boys State?

MBS is an eight-day, hands-on experience in the operation and fundamentals of government and what it means to be a citizen of the United States (U.S.). MBS draws together the best and brightest rising high school seniors to help lead them down the path of individual success and leadership through active learning, not just passively reading or listening to lectures.

One idea is paramount above any other at MBS: the individual is the one with the power to change the world. Whether athlete or politician, journalist or scientist, each and every one of us has the power to make a difference in the world. Using our democratic system as a basis, we provide MBS citizens with the tools and knowledge to construct their own state—the 51st U.S. state—

utilizing the core values that hold true in our everyday lives. We teach the value of public service, the importance of striving for improvement, and the strength of the individual voice and vote. By reinforcing these basic American ideals, we help shape the fu-ture of our society. This is what MBS is all about. The underlying message, and the MBS motto, is: “Democracy depends on me!”

The MBS experience vividly illustrates that government is what you make it. To ensure that our government “...of the people, by the people, and for the people...” remains strong requires citizen involvement. The onus of preparing for that responsibility now rests squarely upon your shoulders, and those of future genera-tions. In the 75-plus years of its existence, MBS has been prom-inent in producing young men, just like you, ready to accept that responsibility.

It is possible that a future Governor, Congressman, or even Pres-ident will be in your class of MBS citizens. This program has his-torically been the springboard for many careers in public service. Alumni of MBS include state governors, elected and appointed officials at all levels of government, civic leaders, prominent busi-nessmen, and many others who are pillars of their communities. A significant benefit of participation in MBS is the opportunity to develop friendships with fellow citizens. The camaraderie of MBS alumni extends long after the on-site program ends. You are encouraged to make the most of this unique experience and keep in touch with your fellow citizens as a member of the MBS Alumni Association.

III. History of Missouri Boys State

Founded in 1919, the American Legion (“The Legion”) has been a moving force for the fair treatment of our country’s veterans, their families, and disabled veterans. The Legion is the largest organiza-tion for veterans in the world, with over three million members in the U.S. and seven foreign countries. Members of the Legion are honorably discharged men and women who served their country on active duty in the Armed Forces of the United States.

The American Legion Boys State and Boys Nation programs are among the many programs of the Legion designed to benefit the youth of America. Developed originally by the Illinois American Legion in 1934, the Boys State program was designed to help American youth develop a better understanding of our govern-mental system and instill a sense of ownership that would make them better people, better citizens, and create a better country.

The 13th of its kind, MBS was officially created by the Missouri American Legion in 1938. In the inaugural session, held in Ful-ton, 129 young men and 14 counselors gathered to launch the program. Now held annually at the University of Central Mis-souri, the program has provided tens of thousands of high school students with the privilege of attending this practical laboratory

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in citizenship and leadership training. MBS continues to be or-ganized and administered under the direction of The American Legion Boys State of Missouri, Inc., a non-profit organization. More than 75 years since its inception, MBS has flourished and become one of the most coveted honors afforded to rising high school seniors in Missouri.

At the very first session held in Fulton, 129 young men and 14 counselors convened the inaugural session of Missouri Boys State. Now held annually at the University of Central Missouri (UCM) in Warrensburg, approximately 1,000 young men and over 125 staff members make up this “A Week to Shape a Lifetime.”

IV. Administrative Organization of Missouri Boys State

The American Legion Boys State of Missouri, Inc. is a non-parti-san, non-profit educational corporation operating under the laws of The State of Missouri. Complete authority over the MBS pro-gram rests with the officers and members of the Board of Direc-tors of The American Legion Boys State of Missouri, Inc., who formulate policies and administer the activities of MBS.

Most staff members are former citizens of MBS who now volun-teer their time to prepare for and conduct the annual session of MBS. Each city has one City Counselor and one to three Assis-tant City Counselors, who work under the direction of the Dean of Counselors. The City Counselors provide personal instruction and guidance concerning the activities and challenges at MBS. The primary goal of City Counselors is to ensure that each citizen has the best learning experience possible.

The Schools of Instruction are taught by professionals in each subject area under the direction of the Dean of Education. These real-world practitioners and subject matter experts lead discus-sions and give interactive presentations during formal periods of instruction. The instructors also provide advice and guidance to MBS citizens throughout the week during the formation and op-eration of MBS government, commerce, and society.

Additional counselors and staff members, under the direction of the Dean of Operations, work behind the scenes throughout the week handling administration, facilities, and logistics to ensure that MBS provides an unmatched overall experience. The MBS Director oversees the entire program and all staff members.

V. Program Values and Code of Conduct

MBS embraces and seeks to instill particular values in its citizens. These values are encompassed in the Boys State Creed, shown below.

Boys State Creed

“American Citizenship is a priceless possession. I believe in the constitutional form of government of the United States of America which guarantees me the right to worship as I choose

and as a citizen, equal opportunity, and equal educational rights. It is my obligation to participate in and contribute my effort to the civic and political welfare of my community, state and nation. I resolve to learn and understand government and the civic needs of my community and I hereby dedicate myself to the task of arousing and maintaining a like interest in my fellow citizens. Therefore, may the experience of Boys State be ever with me as a reminder of my obligation to my country.”

There are also specific expectations of all MBS citizens which are stated in the MBS Code of Conduct, and all citizens are expected to adhere to the Code of Conduct. Citizenship is contingent upon your acceptance of the principles and regulations set forth in this Code. Citizens who violate the letter or spirit of these regulations are subject to dismissal from MBS without refund of fees and are barred from further participation in the program. Dismissal also forfeits all benefits of program completion including, but not lim-ited to, certification of participation, collegiate scholarship awards, and academic credit. The Code of Conduct is set forth below.

Missouri Boys State Code of Conduct

1. No citizen shall bring, possess, or obtain firearms, fireworks, liquor, drugs, or any substance deemed illegal under the Mis-souri Revised Statutes or the United States Code.

2. No citizen shall leave the grounds of the MBS program with-out signed permission of the Director or his designee.

3. No citizen shall steal, deface, or destroy Boys State property, the property of another citizen, or the property of the host university.

4. No citizen shall operate any automobile or other form of transportation while at MBS.

5. No citizen shall use electronic devices, such as phones, except in designated areas and during designated times.

6. No citizen shall trespass in portions of any buildings not specifically assigned to the MBS program and delineated for citizen use.

7. No citizen shall harass or threaten any person, nor attempt to cause physical harm in any manner or form, either as an individual or as a member of a group.

8. No citizen shall engage in offensive conduct, which includes, but is not limited to, the following: boisterous or rowdy con-duct; using lewd, profane, or obscene language; possessing obscene pictures or printed material.

9. No citizen shall violate the rules of common courtesy and de-cency in his relationship with another citizen or staff member.

10. All citizens shall obey the rules, ordinances, statutes, and Constitution of MBS, and shall cooperate with all duly-elect-ed or appointed citizen officials of MBS.

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In addition to the academic scholarships noted above, the Uni-versity of Central Missouri (UCM) allows those Boys State par-ticipants who successfully meet the course requirements—that is participating in and completing the entirety of the MBS along with passing your final exam on Friday morning with a 70% or above—may apply for two or three hours of college credit at a special rate determined annually by UCM.

More information about each of these opportunities will be pro-vided at MBS.

11. All citizens shall respect the authority of the staff members and comply with all lawful requests made by them.

VI. Program Funding, Sponsorships, and the Missouri Boys State Memorial Trust

Funds for operating MBS are obtained through donations from sponsoring individuals and organizations. This funding provides your food, housing, written materials, badges, and a week’s sub-scription to the newspaper published by your fellow MBS citizens. It is not necessary for you to spend any money of your own while at MBS, although most participants do bring a small amount of money (~$45) to take care of incidentals, such as snacks and soft drinks. We strongly suggest you purchase an MBS t-shirt to wear for our group photograph on Thursday afternoon. Depending on where you live in Missouri, your sponsors and/or the Legion may arrange transportation to and from MBS.

The individual(s) and/or organization(s) that sponsored you made an investment in your future; they expect a return on their invest-ment. This begins with your full participation in the activities that are provided for you. As a citizen of MBS, we expect you to make a sincere effort to contribute to the program and use the ideas and knowledge gained in your own schools and communities. Expressing appropriate thanks and gratitude to your sponsoring organization is also expected. At the conclusion of MBS, you will be provided contact information for your sponsor so you may send an appropriate thank you.

The Missouri Boys State Memorial Trust (“The Trust”), originally known as the A. B. Weyer Memorial Trust Fund, was created in 1982 to ensure the financial future of MBS. The primary mission of the Trust is to secure the financial viability of the MBS program in perpetuity. Along the way, the Trust has also provided financial assistance to a few select areas of the program that are deemed important to the success of MBS. In addition, the Trust assists with registration fees for eligible citizens who otherwise would not have the means to participate. The Trust has provided funding for college scholarships for outstanding participants and volunteer staff. The Trust also provides financial support for various special projects, which enhance the MBS experience.

VII. College Credit and Scholarship Information

The Harley Wyatt Memorial Scholarship Program consists of a number of Missouri colleges and universities who offer support valued at over $2,000,000 for the sole benefit of students who have attended MBS.

The Citizen of the Week Scholarship was developed through the A. B. Weyer Memorial Trust Fund (now called the Missouri Boys State Memorial Trust). Each year, the Boys State citizen select-ed as Citizen of the Week receives up to $10,000 in scholarship money for the college or university of his choice, not to exceed a period of four years. This citizen is also expected to return to serve on staff during his four-year scholarship period. One time scholarships which are awarded include: 1st Alternate at $2,500; 2nd Alternate at $1,500; and 5 additional at $500.

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Chapter 2

What Do I Do at Missouri Boys State?

This chapter provides a summary of what you will be doing during your week at Missouri Boys State. It is intended to highlight the various activities in which you will participate. Detailed informa-tion about of each of these activities is provided in later chapters.

I. General Overview

Missouri Boys State (MBS) is an action-packed week during which you can hone your leadership skills, make new friendships, and participate in new experiences all while actively learning about government and civics. It also offers opportunities to have a lot of fun, be creative, engage in friendly competition at many levels, and potentially shape the arc of your life. MBS citizens are select-ed because of their demonstrated leadership and achievements in their schools and hometowns; however, no one has an established identity at MBS. Everyone starts out fresh as a brand-new citizen and has the same opportunities for participating in and creating a portfolio of experiences, accomplishments, and achievements during the week.

The program has four basic components:

1. Active engagement in forming and operating city, county, and state government and commerce

2. Formal schools of instruction3. Organized athletic and academic competitions, and 4. General Assembly presentations

At its core, the week is centered on building and operating the mythical 51st state that is Missouri Boys State and its govern-ment, commerce, and society. You will organize and form govern-ments starting at the city level, progressing through the county level, and culminating with the state level. Elections for public offices are held at all levels of government and elected officials ap-point a variety of other officials throughout the week. The elected and appointed officials work together to operate fully functioning governments at the city, county, and state levels with legislative bodies, executive branch agencies, and judicial systems.

MBS has an active journalism and media program that develops and produces content for broadcast, print, and social media. The journalism and media program offers opportunities for those in-terested in writing, investigating, reporting, broadcasting, and vid-eo production.

There is also an active business and commerce environment fueled by Boys State Bucks at MBS. Citizens whose interests are focused on private enterprise rather than, or perhaps in addition to, public office have opportunities to form businesses, hire employees, and engage in commerce.

Schools of instruction are offered in a variety of topics. Instructors in these schools are accomplished professionals and practitioners

from many professions, such as business, education, law, law en-forcement, medicine, and non-profit management. Each citizen is required to select and attend one of the seven schools of instruc-tion; some schools are mandatory for those seeking certain posi-tions at MBS, while others may be selected based on your personal interests. Be sure to check later chapters of this handbook to see if the position you are interested in holding requires attending a particular school of instruction.

MBS also has a program of organized athletic and academic com-petitions. You may choose from a variety of sports, such as bas-ketball and softball, as well as a Quiz Bowl where competition is based on knowledge in various topics.

Finally, there are nightly general assemblies featuring speakers who are national, state, and local government and civic leaders. You will have the opportunity to hear, ask questions to, and inter-act with prominent individuals from various fields, many of whom are alumni of Boys State programs from around the country.

It will be a very busy week with things happening as soon as you arrive on Saturday. Like many things in life, what you get out of Missouri Boys State depends entirely on the effort you put into the experience. Being prepared before you arrive, jumping in and participating early, and maintaining a high level of engagement throughout the week will allow you to get the most out of your “week to shape a lifetime.”

II. Building and Participating in Missouri Boys State Government

a. Elections and Elected Officials

Elections at MBS are more than just choosing government of-ficials. Elections are an opportunity to show your ability to lead under pressure, to show your character in the face of victory or de-feat, and to influence others as part of a team. MBS will challenge both your problem-solving and interpersonal skills.

MBS is a hands-on experience in organizing and operating city, county, and state levels of government with legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Just as in real Missouri government, the process starts at the political party level. While political parties are initially assigned to MBS citizens (either Federalist or Nation-alist), what each party stands for, those elected to office, and the actions taken by the elected governments are based entirely on the democratic process.

Candidates for elective office are first nominated by their parties and then their names are placed on the ballot. Due to the limit-ed duration of MBS, the caucus method is used for the selection of each party’s candidates for all offices except statewide offices,

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will be asked to compose a short essay describing why you should be appointed to the job. The MBS Governor and Legislative and Executive Policy staff members review all applications and the Governor then makes the final decision on whom to appoint.

See Chapter 4 for a complete list of appointed officials.

c. Electoral Schedule

The electoral process starts immediately on Saturday, the first night of MBS, with party caucuses and then various elections taking place daily from Sunday through Thursday. City meetings on Saturday night focus on the organization of political parties with selection of city, county, and state party delegates and initial discussion of party platforms. City party caucuses and campaigns for city offices take place on Sunday morning with elections for city offices taking place later on Sunday. Senators and Represen-tatives are elected from each city at the same time the city elec-tion is held. Meanwhile, state party convention delegates and state central committees begin meeting Sunday afternoon. Once the newly-elected city officials, such as the Mayor, are announced on Sunday afternoon, they will appoint a variety of city officials so that city governments are functioning by Sunday night.

County party meetings to select candidates for those offices take place Monday morning and county political rallies are held on Monday night. Campaigning for county offices is conducted and county elections are held on Tuesday morning. State party cau-cuses also start on Tuesday morning during which a vote is held on the party platform, and candidates for statewide offices speak. Election results for county offices are announced on Tuesday afternoon and the elected officials make appointments of other county officials. County governments are functioning by Tuesday night.

Statewide party primary elections start Wednesday morning, with results of statewide primary elections announced early Wednesday afternoon. Statewide campaigning starts immediately thereafter, with a debate between the Federalist and Nationalist candidates for Governor taking place Wednesday afternoon. Campaigning continues through Wednesday night. The statewide general elec-tion is held Thursday morning and results are announced Thurs-day afternoon.

It cannot be emphasized enough that preparation is the key to getting the most out of the week. You are encouraged to look over the lists of elected and appointed offices in Chapter 4 and begin to make plans to seek those positions in which you have an interest.

Electoral schedule at a glance:

• Saturday night – City Meetings and Party Organization• Sunday morning – City Party Caucuses, Campaigns, and

Rallies• Sunday late morning/early afternoon – City Elections and

State Legislative Elections• Monday – City and County Party Caucuses; State Party

Convention and Central Committee Meetings• Tuesday before breakfast – State Office Nominating Peti-

such as Governor and State Treasurer. The caucus method features meetings run by party officials where individuals verbally express their interest in seeking office as well as their support for candi-dates. Caucus participants vote openly to select candidates and adopt platform issues. In contrast, elections feature secret ballots.

City and county officials are nominated by their parties at party caucuses. The names of each party’s candidates are then placed on the ballot for election. Candidates for statewide office, except Senators and Representatives, are nominated by petition and are chosen by their party in a statewide primary election. Senators and Representatives are nominated at a party caucus held in each city and are elected as part of the city elections on Sunday.

A primary election is held to nominate candidates from each party for the general election. MBS uses the first-past-the-post elec-toral system, which means the winning candidate is the one who receives the most votes—not necessarily the majority of votes. His name, and the names of nominees of other political parties for that office, are then placed on the general election ballot.

The purpose of the general election is to elect candidates to serve in city, county, and statewide office. Similar to primary elections, the winning candidate is the one who receives the most votes. Whereas the primary election is an election within a political par-ty, the general election is an election between all political parties within a particular city or county for city and county elections or the entirety of MBS for statewide elections.

See Chapter 4 for a complete list of elected officials.

b. Appointed Officials

Many governmental officials at MBS are appointed, not elected. Generally, these officials are appointed by specific elected offi-cials at each level of government. If a citizen is interested in an appointed office, he should contact the elected official with the power to make the appointment. The specific selection criteria for these appointive positions are generally left up to the selecting officials, so make sure you know the criteria before asking to be considered for the position.

MBS Highway Patrol Troopers are the one instance where the appointments to the position are not made by a duly-elected MBS official. The Missouri Boys State Highway Patrol (MBSHP) is the highest level of law enforcement at MBS. Troopers require spe-cial qualifications and are appointed by the actual Missouri State Highway Patrol Troopers serving as staff members in the Law Enforcement School. Since selection occurs on Sunday, which is before the first round of elections, citizens who are interested in the MBSHP should consult with their City Counselor upon ar-riving at MBS. Counselors have application forms that are due at breakfast on Sunday morning.

Other appointed state official positions, such as the Clerk of the House of Representatives or the Director of Economic Develop-ment, require applications, which must be submitted by dinner on Saturday. Your City Counselor will distribute applications for Statewide Appointed Officials on Saturday afternoon, and you

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operate in compliance with the Missouri Boys State Constitution, Revised Statutes of Missouri Boys State, and the laws established by city and county governments. Those that do not may be subject to both criminal and civil litigation.

MBS business owners are responsible for obtaining appropriate licensing for their businesses from the Secretary of State and then operating their businesses in an ethical manner. In addition, a business owner at MBS may find it necessary to be active in the political realm, too. He will need to advocate for policies that are beneficial to his individual business and the business environ-ment as a whole by hiring a lobbyist to work with city and county governments and/or the Governor, House of Representatives, and Senate. Also, the business owner might serve his community by engaging in acts of charity or establishing voluntary groups such as a local Chamber of Commerce. Keep in mind that many busi-ness owners also serve their communities by holding civic, gov-ernmental, or political positions, so if you are interested in being a county commissioner, for example, you can also own and operate a business.

Business activities at MBS are judged by factors such as creativity, profitability, and adherence to the relevant ethical and financial requirements, as required by law. This includes paying employees and other businesses appropriately. Businesses activities are also a factor in the determination of the Harry S. Truman Model City Award and the Jerry S. Litton Model County Award. In addition, one business owner will receive recognition for the most Out-standing Business at MBS during Democracy in Action on the last day of the program. (See Chapter 3 for details about MBS business and commerce opportunities.)

V. Schools of Instruction

Attendance at one of seven schools of instruction is mandatory. Each school teaches a specific area relevant to the functioning of a modern democracy. This instruction is provided by real-world practitioners within each discipline. The instructors include practicing attorneys and judges, university professors, elected or appointed government officials, business executives, profession-al journalists, and Missouri State Highway Patrol Troopers and other law enforcement professionals. These accomplished profes-sionals provide training regarding how to effectively perform the duties and responsibilities of work in that field.

Schools of Instruction are:

• Campaigning and Political Operations• Commerce• Journalism and Media• Law • Law Enforcement• Legislative and Executive Policy• Public Administration

Each citizen will receive instruction in the area through an inter-active program of presentations and group discussions. These ses-sions will allow for questioning and in-depth, personal interaction with the instructors. School selections take place Sunday, followed

tion Filing Deadline• Tuesday morning – County Elections• Wednesday morning – Statewide Primary Election• Thursday morning – Statewide General Election

III. Journalism, Media, and Press

The media—press, radio, social, and television—exist in all coun-tries from democracies to dictatorships. The media plays a very important role in democracies; indeed, some say that media con-stitutes the “fourth pillar” of American democracy, the other three pillars being the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of our democratic government.

The media supply the information on which voters base their de-cisions. They identify problems in our society and serve as a forum for discussion and debate. They also serve as watchdogs that we rely on for uncovering errors and wrongdoings by those in power. The role of media in a democracy is as crucial as that of govern-mental officials—both elected and appointed—and should never be underestimated.

Freedom of expression is critical to democracy. The fundamental concept is that in order for democracy to be effective, the citizenry that votes in elections and engages in public processes with gov-ernment must be informed and must have the right to participate freely in public discourse. Citizens must be able to freely express—and receive—information, opinions, ideas, and political views.

Three major media formats are represented at MBS: The MBS Record, a daily print newspaper; KMBS Radio, a professional radio station broadcasting daily; and KMBS-TV News, a fully-function-ing television station producing a daily newscast detailing events of importance at MBS. Reporters for each of these outlets will also produce content for MBS websites and social media channels. These major media formats are publicly owned by the sponsoring organizations of MBS and the Journalism and Media School staff members select citizens to operate the formats.

See Chapter 4 for a complete list of media positions available at MBS. Those interested in media positions must submit applica-tions by Saturday night.

IV. Business and Commerce

At MBS, our goal is to establish the most realistic state economy possible. At the beginning of the week, each citizen is given an equal quantity of Boys State Bucks (BSB)—the official curren-cy of MBS. Citizens then use this money to pay taxes, campaign for office, set up and operate businesses, donate to political cam-paigns, and purchase goods or services from MBS businesses.

The Missouri Boys State Constitution allows for citizens to es-tablish businesses in the forms of corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships. Citizens are encouraged to participate in the MBS economy by opening and running profitable businesses. Creativity is key in setting up a profitable business. Freedom is given to business owners to determine which businesses to run and how to run them. However, business owners should always

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immediately by the first class session of each school.

Attendance at particular schools is required for certain offices and positions at MBS and recommended for others. For example, city attorneys, county prosecuting attorneys, judges at all levels of government, and the MBS Attorney General must attend the Law School. MBSHP Troopers must attend the Law Enforce-ment School and it is recommended for other law enforcement positions. Elected Senators and Representatives must attend the Legislative and Executive Policy School. Those seeking positions in the MBS media must attend the Journalism and Media School. (See Chapter 4 regarding specific opportunities and further de-tails.)

VI. Athletic and Academic Competitions

MBS includes required participation in the Missouri Boys State Olympiad, which is organized athletic and academic competitions to provide a recreational break and refresh the mind and body during a rigorous and demanding week. In addition to providing the opportunity for some fun and friendly competition, participa-tion in the organized competitions is a factor in the determination of the Model City and Model County awards.

Typical sports for athletic competition include: badminton, bas-ketball, bowling, horseshoes, softball, track and field, Ultimate Frisbee, and volleyball. Academic competition includes a Quiz Bowl which is based on knowledge in various topics.

VII. General Assembly Speakers

Assemblies for all citizens will be held every night, beginning on the first Saturday. Many of the assemblies feature presentations from leaders of city, state, and national governments along with business and civic leaders. In addition to the rare opportunity to hear prominent individuals share their candid insights and ob-servations, you will have the opportunity to ask them questions. Each City Counselor will solicit potential questions in advance of each General Assembly speaker, discuss those potential questions with citizens, and then select one citizen to ask a question at that night’s General Assembly. Citizens with question cards will get the opportunity to personally ask the question during the General Assembly’s Question and Answer period.

General Assembly speakers supplement the instructional materi-als and provide an opportunity for you to meet high-level leaders from various segments of our society, many of whom were for-mer citizens of Boys State programs. Past speakers have included current or former state governors, military generals, members of the United States (U.S.) Congress or state legislatures, and people who have served in high-level positions within various presiden-tial administrations in the White House.

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Chapter 3

The Structures of Missouri Boys State

This chapter describes the major structures of Missouri Boys State (MBS), such as various levels and branches of government, the political system, the media, and the economy.

Broadly, MBS is organized into two major spheres: the gov-ernmental structure and the political party structure. These two spheres interact with the media and the economy and form rich intersections that promote “learning by doing” to make MBS as real as possible.

In short, for the governmental structure:

• A city ward is the most basic governmental unit.• Three wards compose a city, and there are 16 cities at MBS.• Two cities compose a county, and there are eight counties at

MBS.• Eight counties compose the State.• Each level of government—city, county, and state—has its own

three-branch system of government.• Citizens can be appointed or elected to governmental positions,

and each position has a unique role and set of responsibilities. Elections take place at different times during MBS.

• A citizen may hold only one governmental position at the any one time.

In short, for the political party structure:

• All MBS citizens are randomly assigned into two equally sized political parties: The Federalist Party and the Nationalist Party.

• Political parties at MBS have no relation to political parties outside MBS.

• Citizens are elected to political party leadership positions at each level of government: ward, city, county, and state.

• Political parties play an important role in shaping every layer of government, as candidates from each party stand for election to every elected governmental position.

• Political party leadership members help create their party’s platforms at the city, county, and state levels and then engage in fundraising and campaigning efforts to get their candidates elected.

• Victorious political parties gain the power to pass legislation fa-voring their party’s platform and appoint their party’s members to various appointed governmental positions.

• A citizen may hold more than one political party position at the same time.

I. The Governmental Structure of Missouri Boys State

The governmental structure at MBS ranges from your room with-in your city all the way to the MBS Governor’s Office in the State Capitol (Ward Edwards Building). The levels of governmental structure, from smallest to largest, are:

• Ward – one ward within a city is composed of around 20 citizens

• City – three wards compose one city of around 60 citizens• County – two cities compose one county of around 120 cit-

izens• State – eight counties compose one state of around 960 cit-

izens

The cities, counties, and the State each have their own three-branch system of government:

Branch/Level City County State

Legislative City Council

County Commission

GeneralAssembly

(House of Representa-tives and Senate)

Executive Mayor Presiding County Commissioner Governor

Judicial Municipal Court

Circuit CourtAssociate Circuit

CourtSupreme Court

There are three wards in each city. Each ward elects one city coun-cilman. Once elected, this city councilman represents his ward on the City Council and has the power to act with the other city councilmen to pass city ordinances and function as the city’s legis-lative body. There are other members of the City Council who are elected at-large, meaning they can reside in any of the three wards.

The next level of government is the city. There are 16 cities at MBS, and in many respects, the city is the most important gov-ernmental unit. After the Mayor and City Council are elected on Sunday, these officials are charged with running the city. Because development, cooperation, and leadership at the city level is such an important part of MBS, your Mayor is one of the most im-portant elected governmental officials. The Mayor is the leader of your city and plays a large role in determining how well your city performs during the week.

Once the city is organized, the next level of government to be organized is the county. Each county is composed of two cities, and there are eight counties at MBS. County officials are elected on a county ballot and operate the county government, enforce the laws of MBS, and run the state trial court system. The two cities composing a county are normally located in close proximity to each other and, during the week, work together to make their county function effectively. Each county also constitutes a judicial circuit and provides a circuit court and an associate circuit court to hold sessions where lawsuits will be filed and tried by citizen attorneys.

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elections in more detail.

Certain governmental positions at MBS are appointed, not elected. Generally, these officials are appointed by elected officials within each branch and within each level of government. If you are in-terested in an appointed position, you should talk with the elected official with the power to make the appointment in order to ob-tain the position. The selection criteria of each appointed position are generally left up to the officials making the appointments.

Note that a citizen may not hold more than one governmental position at any one time. A citizen may, however, hold one office and run for a higher office (e.g., run for Senate, get elected, and then run for Governor). If elected to the higher office, the citizen must resign from the lower office, for which a special election will be held or another appointment made to fill the newly-vacated position. In contrast to governmental positions, a citizen may hold as many political party positions as desired and may oper-ate one or more businesses as desired.

Citizens may hold any governmental position while also opening and operating a business (or businesses). Business owners have an important role in driving the economies of their cities, counties, and MBS as a whole. As a later section of this chapter describes, business ideas are only limited by your imagination and securing funding sources to open the business.

While the next sections of this chapter list the positions in each branch and level, consult Chapter 4 for a complete description of the positions you learn about in this chapter, such as if they are elected or appointed, when the primary and general elections are, and if they require attendance at a certain school of instruction.

III. The City Level

The city government is one of the busiest levels of government at MBS with the most available opportunities to contribute directly to your city. The city level of government offers you the opportu-nity to have a direct impact on your local community by debating, enacting, and enforcing city ordinances along with creating and managing projects that elevate the quality of life within your city during the week.

The elected officials in a city are: Mayor, City Council, City Trea-surer, and Municipal Judge. The appointed officials in a city are: City Clerk, City Attorney, City Lobbyist, Municipal Court Clerk, Police Chief, Police Officer, Fire Chief, Firefighter, Athletic Di-rector, Beverage Commissioner, Community Service Coordina-tor, Health Commissioner, Assistant Health Commissioner, and Parks and Recreation Commissioner.

Cities at MBS can be organized in accordance with either the Mayor-Council or the City Manager form of government. Un-less a majority of the City Council decides otherwise, the May-or-Council form is the default.

In the Mayor-Council form of government, the Mayor is the elected chief executive of the city. The City Council is composed of one councilman elected from each of the three wards and three coun-

County and City OrganizationCounty Cities Judicial District

Scott Pershing / Carver 1Frank Boone / Crowder 2Barton Lewis / Clark 3Benton Kohn / Whitfield 4Bradley Doniphan / Carnahan 5Gamble Blair / Richardson 6

Newberry Duggan / Ingle 7Bacon Weyer / Gambrel 8

All the hard work of the citizens during MBS will ultimately lead to the formation of an entire state government. The state functions through a bicameral General Assembly (House of Rep-resentatives and Senate) that considers and passes legislation, an executive branch that administers laws, a Highway Patrol that en-forces the laws, and a Supreme Court that interprets and applies the laws and acts as the supreme judicial body of the state.

Senators and Representatives are elected from each city in the first city election on Sunday, and the statewide constitutional officers are elected in a statewide election on Thursday. The MBS Highway Patrol is appointed by Law Enforcement School staff members after an application and interview process. Members of the Su-preme Court are selected through Missouri’s non-partisan court plan, which a later section describes. The officials from each level of government must work together, and collectively, they have the responsibility to function as any government must function, for the benefit and at the pleasure of those citizens they represent.

II. The Nomination, Election, and Appointment of Governmental Positions

All governmental positions within each branch and within each level of government are either elected or appointed. Candidates for elected governmental positions are first nominated by their par-ties and, once nominated, placed on a general election ballot. City and county officials as well as Senators and Representatives are nominated by their parties at a party caucus held for the purpose of nominating candidates for the respective ballot. Additionally, candidates for state office, except Senators and Representatives, are nominated by petition and chosen by their party in a statewide primary election. Although it is considered a more difficult path to election, a citizen may seek office as a write-in candidate if not nominated by his party. MBS law prohibits citizens from appear-ing twice on the same election ballot, meaning that you cannot run for two city, county, or state level positions at the same time (e.g., Mayor and Senator; County Commissioner and Associate Circuit Court Judge; Governor and State Treasurer).

Once nominated, candidates are elected by secret ballot in elec-tions which are held in designated polling stations. All citizens are encouraged to vote. There are four elections at MBS: city elections, county elections, the statewide primary election, and the statewide gen-eral election. Chapter 2 lists the days and approximate times of these elections, and they also appear in your schedule and will be discussed by your City Counselor. A later section describes these

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Elected Appointed• Mayor• City Councilman• City Treasurer• Municipal Judge• Athletic Director*• Beverage Commissioner*

• City Attorney• City Clerk• City Lobbyist• City Manager• Municipal Court Clerk• Police Chief• Police Officer• Fire Chief• Firefighter• Community Service

Coordinator*• Health Commissioner• Assistant Health

Commissioner• Parks and Recreation

Commissioner• City Employee

* Position can be held with another governmental position

In addition to the above positions, citizens may be appointed City Employee by the Mayor and/or City Council. This position title is an opportunity to personalize your MBS experience. The city gov-ernment is welcome to create any number of new positions within a city, be it from their own desire or your persuasion. Some exam-ples of city employee positions are tax collectors, public defenders, social workers, teachers, and artists. The list is infinite and limited only by your creativity and ability to get your city government to officially create the position.

IV. The County Level

The county government strikes a nice balance between scope of influence and directness of influence at MBS. Because counties can draw upon additional resources from two cities, they are able to address larger issues and tackle larger problems. County gov-ernments, however, are still managed by individuals who live and work in the communities they serve.

The elected officials in a county are: Presiding County Commis-sioner, County Commissioners, Circuit Judge, Associate Circuit Judge, Circuit Court Clerk, County Clerk, County Treasurer, Prosecuting Attorney, and Sheriff. The appointed officials in a county are: Deputy County Clerk, Deputy Sheriff, Deputy Cir-cuit Court Clerk, Associate Circuit Court Clerk, and Assistant Prosecuting Attorney.

The County Commission is the legislative branch of the county government. The commission is composed of three members, in-cluding the Presiding County Commissioner, who is elected at-large from either city within the county, and two Associate Commission-ers, one elected from each of the county’s cities. The Presiding County Commissioner is the elected chief executive of the county. The commission is responsible for preparing the County Report, which contains all county ordinances, minutes of commission meetings, and county financial statement. The County Report is due to the Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and State Audi-tor on Friday and is a key document in determining the Model County award.

cilmen elected from the city at-large for a total of six councilmen. The Mayor presides over the City Council, but has no vote except in the case of a tie. The City Council is the city’s legislative body and enacts city ordinances aimed to enhance the welfare of its cit-izens.

The City Manager form of government operates in much the same way as the Mayor-Council form, except a City Manager is hired to handle the day-to-day operations of the city. The Mayor is the po-litical and ceremonial leader elected by the city. The City Manager serves as the chief administrative officer of the city and is appoint-ed by majority vote of the City Council and may be discharged by majority vote of the City Council at any time.

The Mayor is responsible for preparing the City Report, which contains all city ordinances, minutes of city council meetings, and city financial statement. The City Report is due to the Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and State Auditor on Friday and is a key document in determining the Model City award.

The City Treasurer is the official custodian of the city’s property and monies (e.g., revenues, tax collection). The Municipal Judge has jurisdiction over infractions of city ordinances and must at-tend the Law School and pass the MBS Bar Exam. The City Clerk is the official record-keeper and chief budget officer of the city. The City Attorney is the chief legal officer of the city and must attend the Law School and pass the MBS Bar Exam. The City Lobbyist gathers concerns that are important to the city and works with Senators and Representatives to introduce and pass legisla-tion related to those issues. The Municipal Court Clerk keeps the records of all municipal court proceedings and assists the Munic-ipal Judge.

The Police Chief is the principal law enforcement agent in the city and ensures all city ordinances are observed and order is main-tained. The police chief appoints three Police Officers, one from each ward. The Fire Chief runs the city’s fire department and emergency management operations along with appointing six Firefighters, two from each ward. The Athletic Director is respon-sible for coordinating the daily team assignments for the city’s participation in the MBS Olympiad. The Beverage Commissioner maintains the city’s beverage inventory by coordinating with the City Counselor. The Community Service Coordinator organizes the city’s efforts for participating in volunteer events during the week. The Health Commissioner is responsible for maintaining sanitation and cleanliness within the city, such as detecting sickness and/or injury among citizens. Citizens failing to cooperate with sanitary regulations (e.g., not washing hands) may be arrested and appear before the Municipal Judge. The Parks and Recreation Commission-er is responsible for developing and maintaining the City Park.

A summary of available elected and appointed governmental po-sitions within the city level is:

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sion. Some examples of county employee positions are county en-vironmental engineer, director of county economic development, county assessor, and public defender.

V. The State Level

The state government at MBS is the highest level of government and, just as in cities and counties, is composed of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. While the elected and appoint-ed officials at the state level certainly remain citizens of their cities and counties, they discuss issues that pertain to MBS as a whole.

a. The Legislative Branch

“The legislative power shall be vested in a General Assembly, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representa-

tives, both to be elected by the people.”Missouri Boys State Constitution, Article IV, Section 1

At MBS, just as in the real world, the legislative branch holds a great deal of power, and likewise, a great deal of responsibility. The MBS General Assembly, or state legislature, is the legislative branch of MBS state government and is divided into two pow-er-sharing chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. These two chambers have many similarities, but there are also several key differences, which are outlined below. The primary function of the General Assembly is to enact state statutes for the general effectiveness and well-being of the citizens of the state along with appropriating monies for the operation of the state government.

The most obvious difference between the Missouri General As-sembly and the MBS General Assembly is the size of each cham-ber. The Missouri Senate has 34 members, whereas the Missouri House of Representatives has 163 members. A Missouri senator’s district is much larger than a Missouri representative’s district so a Missouri Senator represents more people in the General Assem-bly. At MBS, Senators and Representatives, also known as state leg-islators, are elected in the city election on Sunday. Each city elects three Senators and six Representatives for a total of 48 members of the Senate and 96 members of the House of Representatives.

The elected and appointed officials of the Senate consist of the Lieutenant Governor, President Pro-Tempore, Secretary of the Senate, Chaplain, Sergeant-at-Arms, and their assistants. While the Lieutenant Governor is the President of the Senate, he rarely presides. The President Pro-Tempore often presides in his place, is elected by a majority vote of the members of the Senate once they are sworn in by the Lieutenant Governor or his designee, and generally comes from the majority party. Legislative and Execu-tive Policy School staff members select the Secretary of the Senate on Sunday and he, in turn, hires the Chaplain, Sergeant-at-Arms, and his assistants.

Both the Missouri Constitution and Missouri Boys State Consti-tution grant the Senate the constitutional right to give their advice and consent on all gubernatorial appointees. See the “Executive Branch” section of this chapter for a list of all positions appointed

The Circuit Judge presides over the Circuit Court. The Circuit Judge hears mainly civil cases (e.g., cases between two or more citizens, not criminal cases where a citizen is charged with break-ing an ordinance or law), but maintains jurisdiction over all cases filed in the court. The Circuit Judge must attend the Law School and pass the MBS Bar Exam. The Associate Circuit Judge may hear all cases that are filed in the Circuit Court or that are assigned to the Associate Circuit Court by the Circuit Judge. Typically, the Associate Circuit Judge hears criminal cases, which are cases in which a citizen is charged with breaking an ordinance or law.

The Clerk of the Circuit Court receives the filings for civil and crim-inal cases, schedules each matter for trial, and ensures the court is trying cases at all times. The Clerk of the Circuit Court is also responsible for recording property deeds exchanged during land transactions along with other documents as requested by citi-zens. The County Clerk is the chief budget officer of the county and important administrative official that maintains commission meeting minutes, copies of county ordinances, and the county’s financial records along with preparing the county’s financial state-ment and issuing licenses. The County Treasurer is responsible for collecting all monies due the county and acting as the custodian of the county’s monies.

The Prosecuting Attorney is responsible for investigating crimes and prosecutes all citizens charged with the violation of state, county, or city laws. The Prosecuting Attorney must attend the Law School and pass the MBS Bar Exam. The Sheriff is the chief law enforcement agent in each county. The sheriff has the authori-ty to arrest citizens of other counties anywhere in MBS when they are violating the law in his presence, but his enforcement respon-sibilities are mainly with the conduct of citizens of his own county.

The sheriff may appoint four Deputy Sheriffs with the consent of the Circuit Judge. The County Clerk can appoint one Deputy County Clerk to serve as a general assistant with the consent of the County Commission. The Clerk of the Circuit Court may appoint a Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court to serve as a general assistant with the consent of the Circuit Judge. The Prosecuting Attorney may hire one qualified attorney as an Assistant Prosecuting Attor-ney with the consent of the County Commission. The Assistant Prosecuting Attorney must attend the Law School and pass the MBS Bar Exam.

A summary of available elected and appointed governmental po-sitions within the county level is:

Elected Appointed• Presiding County Commissioner• County Commissioner• County Treasurer• County Clerk• Sheriff• Circuit Court Judge• Circuit Court Clerk• Associate Circuit Court Judge• Prosecuting Attorney

• Deputy County Clerk• Deputy Sheriff• Deputy Circuit Court Clerk• Associate Circuit Court

Clerk• Assistant Prosecuting

Attorney• County Employee

Just as with cities, citizens may be appointed County Employee by the Presiding County Commissioner and/or County Commis-

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co-sponsors. Although a legislator is often an author of legislation, in many cases lobbyists and other organizations author legislation to advocate their positions to the legislature. However, only leg-islators may introduce legislation in their respective chambers. In other words, a Representative introduces (sponsors) bills in the House of Representatives and a Senator introduces (sponsors) bills in the Senate.

STEP 2 – A bill is submitted and read a first time and read a second time (First Reading and Second Reading). In Missouri, a bill must be read three times, each on a different day before it can be passed. Due to this rule, a bill is placed on the First Reading Calendar directly after it is submitted. Then, at the appropriate time, the calendar will be read through on the floor of the cham-ber and the bill will move to the Second Reading Calendar.

STEP 3 – A bill is referred to committee. After a bill has been read twice, it is referred to a committee. The Speaker of the House of Representatives or the President Pro-Tempore of the Senate is the person who decides to which committee the bill will go. A committee is simply a smaller group of legislators that will take up the bill, have a more in-depth knowledge of a specific policy area, and work with the bill in a more focused environment. The leadership of each chamber determines committee memberships. The Speaker or the President Pro-Tempore will choose the major-ity party members and will designate one of those members to be the Chair. Likewise, the Minority Leader in each chamber will choose the minority party members of each committee.

STEP 4 – A bill is debated in committee. The committee will take up the bill and has three basic options: recommend it “Do Pass,” recommend it “Do Not Pass,” or simply do what is called pigeonholing. Pigeonholing is the practice of a committee taking no action on a given bill for any reason. Other than pigeonholing a bill, a committee will want to take action on a bill that has been referred to them. The committee will have a hearing where people can come and explain their positions on the proposed legislation. These people can be anyone from members of the public and reg-istered lobbyists to other legislators and statewide elected officials. The committee can recommend a bill “Do Pass” without amend-ing it, after amending it, or providing a substitute to the original bill. However, each amendment or substitute must be approved by the entire chamber later on in the process.

by the Governor.

The elected and appointed officials of the House of Representa-tives consist of the Speaker of the House, Speaker Pro-Tempore, Chief Clerk of the House, Chaplain, Sergeant-at-Arms, and their assistants. The Speaker of the House serves as the presiding officer, is elected by a majority vote of the members of the House of Rep-resentatives once they are sworn in by the Secretary of State or his designee, and generally comes from the majority party. Legislative and Executive Policy School staff members select the Chief Clerk of the House on Sunday and he, in turn, hires the Chaplain, Ser-geant-at-Arms, and his assistants.

Both the Missouri Constitution and Missouri Boys State Consti-tution stipulate that the House of Representatives starts all bills that appropriate monies (e.g., the budget). These bills are always labeled HB 1 through HB 21 of each session and are reserved for the budget, a key piece of legislation. At MBS, the General Assembly must pass and the Governor must sign the budget by 12:00 p.m. on Wednesday in order to ensure a seamless transition from one budget to the next.

All elected members of the General Assembly (e.g., Senators, Representatives) and General Assembly appointed staff (e.g., Chief Clerk of the House, Secretary of the Senate, and their as-sistants) must attend the Legislative and Executive Policy School.

How a Bill Becomes a Law

As noted earlier, a key function of the MBS General Assembly is to propose, debate, and pass bills for the Governor’s consideration in hopes that he signs them into law. The process of how bills become laws at MBS closely mirrors the process used by the Mis-souri General Assembly in Jefferson City. The Missouri General Assembly meets from January to June, but because of the limited duration of MBS, the MBS General Assembly uses a few short-cuts to expedite the process.

In short, the bill to law process can be summarized into the 14-step process below:

STEP 1 – A bill is written and introduced. One of the main rights of a legislator is to sponsor legislation. The legislator that introduces a bill is known as the sponsor. Bills may have more than one sponsor, and all sponsors of an individual bill are called

In the Original Chamber In the Other Chamber A Fork in the Road1. A bill is written and introduced.2. A bill is submitted and read a first time

and read a second time.3. A bill is referred to committee.4. A bill is debated in committee.5. The bill is reported out of committee.6. A bill is perfected.7. A bill is read a third time.

8. A bill is read a first time and read a second time.

9. A bill is referred to committee.10. A bill is debated in committee.11. A bill is reported out of committee.12. A bill is perfected and read a third

time.

13. A bill is sent to the Governor, the orig-inal chamber, or a conference commit-tee.

Governor’s Action14. A bill is signed or vetoed by the Gov-

ernor (if vetoed, votes may be held to override the veto in both the original and other chambers).

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STEP 12 – A bill is read a third time (Third Reading). This step for the other chamber is perfection and final passage in one step. The members of the other chamber may amend and substitute the bill as they see fit. Any changes made to the bill by the other chamber must be approved by the original chamber before the bill can be sent to the Governor. Like in the original chamber, a constitutional majority is required to pass the bill on third reading, so a roll call vote is mandatory. If a constitutional majority cannot be achieved, then the bill dies and will need to be reintroduced in Step 1.

STEP 13 – The fork in the road for the bill. Where the bill goes at this point depends:

a. To the Governor – If the other chamber did not alter the bill and passed it, then it will be sent to the Governor.

b. Back to the original chamber – If the other chamber made changes to the bill, then it is sent back to the original cham-ber to get the changes approved. If the original chamber does not approve the changes, a conference committee may be ap-pointed.

c. To a conference committee – A conference committee is a com-mittee composed of members of both chambers who meet to create a passable compromise on a bill in question. The mem-bership of a conference committee is chosen by the Speaker, President Pro-Tem, and the Minority Floor Leaders in each chamber. The lead sponsor in the original chamber and the lead handler in the other chamber will also be members of the conference committee. Once the conference committee irons out a compromise, the bill returns to both chambers for ap-proval. Unless authority is granted by the House and Senate to exceed the differences of the original disagreements, the conference committee must confine themselves to matters in the bill that are within the scope of the differences between the House position and the Senate position.

STEP 14 – Governor Action: Signed or Vetoed? Once a bill has passed both chambers, with or without a conference committee, it is sent to the Governor. The Governor can sign or veto it. If he signs the bill, it will go into law on a predetermined date. How-ever, if both chambers have approved the bill with an emergency clause, then the bill will go into effect as stated in the emergency clause. An emergency clause is the last section of a bill stating the bill will become law as soon as it is passed by both chambers and signed by the Governor. An emergency clause must be ap-proved by both chambers on a separate vote during Third Reading. If the Governor vetoes the bill, then it is returned to the original chamber. Then, if that chamber has a two-thirds majority of their membership that wish to vote to override the veto, the bill will go to the other chamber for a similar vote. If two-thirds of each chamber are in favor of the bill, it will become law even though the Governor vetoed it.

Lobbyists and Lobbying

Lobbyists are individuals who attempt to influence the process of making laws and other actions of the General Assembly and the Executive Branch. Lobbyists can represent businesses, non-profit organizations, or, simply, themselves. Lobbyists can be paid for or volunteer their time, and it is their mission to help ensure the leg-

STEP 5 – A bill is reported out of committee. Once the com-mittee has determined to recommend a piece of legislation “Do Pass,” it will report the bill out of committee. The bill will then be placed on the Perfection Calendar where it will go before the entire chamber.

STEP 6 – A bill is perfected (Perfection). The keys to perfection are simple. A bill can be passed on a voice vote, or if a roll call vote is taken, then it can be passed with a majority of those members present. The other key is that a bill in perfection can be amended, and amendments can be approved with a majority of those mem-bers present. If the committee has adopted any amendments and substitutes, they must be adopted by the entire chamber. Also, the amendments and substitutes will be debated and either adopted or failed before the chamber takes up the actual bill.

STEP 7 – A bill is read a third time (Third Reading). Once a bill is adopted on perfection, it will move to the Third Reading Cal-endar. The Third Reading Calendar is where the bill gets one last vote by the entire chamber in which it started. At this point, the chamber will take up the bill, but they may only fix errors, such as grammar and spelling, that do not alter the meaning of the bill. If an amendment alters the meaning of the bill, it cannot be accepted on third reading. The chamber can debate the bill again and will eventually vote on whether to send the bill to the other chamber. However, this vote must be a roll call and pass with a constitutional majority, which is half the chamber’s total membership, plus one (e.g., 48 + 1 for the MBS House of Representatives). If a constitu-tional majority cannot be achieved, then the bill dies and will need to be reintroduced in Step 1.

STEP 8 – A bill is read a first time and a second time in the other chamber (First Reading and Second Reading). This step is the same as Step 2, but in the other chamber. After a bill has passed third reading in the original chamber, it must go through the other chamber. When a bill passes the original chamber, the sponsor will find someone from the other chamber to handle the bill in the other chamber. It is the responsibility of the original lead sponsor to find a handler from the other chamber. Once a handler is found, the bill will be first and second read on two dif-ferent days in the other chamber and will then begin the process of getting through the other chamber.

STEP 9 – A bill is referred to committee. This is the same as Step 3, but in the other chamber. See Step 3.

STEP 10 – A bill is debated in committee. This is the same as Step 4, but in the other chamber. See Step 4.

STEP 11 – A bill is reported out of committee. Once the com-mittee has determined to recommend a piece of legislation “Do Pass,” it will report the bill out of committee. The bill will then be placed on the Third Reading Calendar of the other chamber where it will go before the entire chamber. This is a key difference of the process. House Bills that go to the Senate are placed on the House Bills for Third Reading Calendar while Senate Bills that go to the House are placed on the Senate Bills for Third Reading Cal-endar.

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related to their respective cities. In other cases, citizens open up their own lobbying firms and secure contracts from cities, coun-ties, businesses, and other groups at MBS to advocate for certain pieces of legislation being passed or stalled. All MBS lobbyists must register with the Secretary of State and attend the Legisla-tive and Executive Policy School.

Parliamentary Procedure

The rules under which any organized group conducts business in an orderly manner are called parliamentary procedure. They are so called this because the first modern code designed for such pur-poses evolved from the legislature of the United Kingdom, known as Parliament. Two main functions are performed by such rules:

1. They permit the majority of the group to carry out their de-sires in an orderly manner.

2. They protect the rights of the minority.

The chair or presiding officer is established as a referee or neutral official and charged with the responsibility of seeing that the rules are observed and that order prevails in the meeting. Much power is granted to the chair so that he may carry out his responsibilities. In order to protect the group from unfair use of power, the rules provide certain checks that may be used by members of the group to restrain the chair’s actions.

Members of the group make motions to propose actions within the group, such as, “I move that we purchase a laptop for our secre-tary.” Any member may move to amend the main motion or, when discussion is on an amendment rather than a main motion, may move to amend an amendment. Other types of motions exist and are not discussed here, but once a motion has been debated, the chair will call for a vote (e.g., “Those in favor of the motion, vote ‘aye’. Those opposed to the motion, vote ‘no.’”). Learning parlia-mentary procedures permits you to conduct yourself effectively in any group meeting. In fact, you may be at a significant advan-tage if other group members are not as familiar with your group’s parliamentary procedures.

Members of the MBS General Assembly follow the rules of pro-cedure of the MBS House of Representatives and MBS Senate and are distributed at the start of each General Assembly session on Sunday.

b. The Executive Branch

“The supreme executive power shall be vested in the Gover-nor, who shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed.”Missouri Boys State Constitution, Article V, Section 5

“I do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of the United States, the Constitution of the State of Missouri, and the Constitution of Missouri Boys State, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of my office according to the best

of my ability.”The Oath of Office, Missouri Boys State Constitution,

Article V, Section 24

islation they support passes and the legislation they oppose dies. Lobbyists are often experts in their fields and can provide valuable information to legislators on the issues they are lobbying for or against. They work through personal, one-on-one meetings with legislators and offer testimony before committees.

In Missouri, if you are representing a group and intend to have close and frequent contact with members of the General Assem-bly, you must register as a lobbyist. There are also laws that govern when a lobbyist must register and what he must do to comply with the law, such as:

• If you are going to be compensated for your work as a lobbyist, you must register.

• If you are going to work as lobbyist on a regular basis, you must register.

• If you are going to engage in spending more than $50 while lobbying during a 12-month period, you must register.

After registering, you must submit a monthly report to the Mis-souri Ethics Commission that details your activities, the issues you are working for and against, and your itemized expenses. The Ethics Commission will keep track of the reports, what officials have been visited, and how much money was spent on them. The commission’s main function is to ensure that lobbying, not brib-ing, is occurring.

Registered lobbyists engage in a variety of activities to influence the bill-to-law and policymaking processes:

• Committee Work – When a bill is sent to a committee (See Steps 4 and 10 in the above “How a Bill Becomes a Law” sec-tion for more information), the committee chair may hold a hearing on that bill where lobbyists and citizens can testify on the issues raised in the bill. On occasion, lobbyists will go and explain their position, or in some cases, bring other people who can better represent their position. For example, a lobbyist for the American Cancer Society might bring in several victims of cancer or cancer researchers to help persuade a committee to fund cancer research.

• Meetings – Lobbyists also meet with the members of the Gen-eral Assembly and try to get to know them on a personal level. They will use these meetings as opportunities to represent their position one-on-one and build valuable friendships and coali-tions.

• “Hobnobbing” – Lobbyists may take public officials out to meals or invite them to high-class affairs where they can work their position on a given issue in a different environment. Lob-byists also enjoy going to receptions held in Jefferson City. They are another valuable opportunity to bend a legislator’s ear about an issue or bill.

• Dollar Distribution – The final tool a lobbyist will use is mon-ey. They will contribute money to the political campaigns of the officials they are lobbying. Many times, the organization the lobbyist represents will also contribute money to political cam-paigns. In the end, this money can add up to a very helpful sum to help re-elect an official or fund a future political campaign.

MBS has an active lobbyist program. Each city appoints a City Lobbyist to work with the MBS General Assembly on issues

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At MBS, the executive branch is led by the Governor and other statewide constitutional officers elected during the previous year’s program. However, just as in the State of Missouri, the Governor and other elected officials cannot run the government alone. In particular, the MBS Governor must develop a team of staff mem-bers, cabinet officials, and departmental employees to whom he can delegate authority to oversee and execute the government’s many responsibilities throughout the week of MBS.

The seven executive departments that report to the MBS Gover-nor are:

• Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Re-sources

• Department of Economic Development• Department of Health• Department of Labor• Department of Public Safety• Department of Revenue• Department of Transportation

The leadership positions available to MBS citizens within the Governor’s office and the executive departments are unique roles with significant responsibilities. Unlike elected positions, posi-tions within the executive branch are appointed—either by the Governor directly or by a member of his cabinet. Applications for these executive positions are due the first night you arrive at MBS, so it would be wise to review and consider any positions for which you might seek to apply in advance and begin to outline the unique strengths and abilities you would offer to the Gover-nor and his administration in such a role. Be sure to ask your City Counselor if you have any questions about applying for one of these roles when you arrive at MBS.

Overview of Missouri Boys State Executive Departments

Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Re-sources – This Department enforces state laws that regulate the agricultural industry. It is responsible for the MBS State Fair. It protects the fish, forest, and wildlife resources of the state. The Department preserves natural and energy resources and works to inspire their enjoyment and responsible use for present and future generations. The Department Director hires a Legislative Direc-tor.

Department of Economic Development – This Department oversees policies and programs designed to enhance economic growth and business development at MBS. In addition to propos-ing legislative and policy changes, the Department administers large grant programs designed to aid in economic development within cities and counties. The Department Director hires a Leg-islative Director and two Economic Development Specialists.

Department of Health – This Department is responsible for promoting and ensuring the general health and wellness of the citizens of MBS. The Department proposes health and safety leg-islation to the General Assembly and uses its own rulemaking authority to implement rules and regulations to safeguard pub-lic health. The Department manages grant programs to support health and wellness initiatives within cities and counties. The De-

Pursuant to Article V of the Missouri Boys State Constitution, the executive powers of the MBS government are vested in the Gov-ernor and other statewide constitutional officers: the Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, State Auditor, and Attorney General. Each of these officers takes a solemn oath to support the Missouri Boys State Constitution and to faithfully discharge their duties “according to the best of my ability.” The Missouri Constitution establishes that the same six officers lead the executive branch of Missouri state government.

The Governor is the chief executive of the MBS government. The Lieutenant Governor acts as Governor when situations call for it along with serving as president of the Senate when it is in ses-sion; however, he votes only when the Senate is equally divid-ed. The Secretary of State issues licenses to all businesses, assists in reviewing city and county reports, registers all paid lobbyists, and is the state’s chief election officer and official custodian of state archives. The State Treasurer is the custodian and collector of all state monies and maintains the financial records of the state. The State Auditor is the official auditor of all transactions of the MBS government and performs financial and compliance audits of all governmental bodies within MBS, such as state agencies and city councils. The Attorney General is the legal adviser to all state officials and agencies and represents MBS in all suits or legal actions to which the state is a party in the Supreme Court. The Attorney General must attend the Law School and pass the MBS Bar Exam.

As chief executive, the Governor has oversight of all the state executive departments, their budgets, and employees. Whereas the Governor of Missouri oversees 16 executive departments, a budget of nearly $26 billion and approximately 60,000 employees, MBS follows a similar structure, but operates on a smaller scale. The MBS executive branch has seven departments, each of which has a unique set of responsibilities, budget, and staff. Together, the directors of each of these departments form the Governor’s Cabinet.

One of the executive branch’s most important responsibilities is to carry out—or execute—laws passed by the MBS General Assem-bly. Yet, the powers and responsibilities of the executive branch extend far beyond this. A few examples of the executive branch’s other powers include:

• Signing or vetoing every bill passed by the General Assembly• Drafting and proposing a recommended budget for approval

by the General Assembly and then approving the final budget passed by the General Assembly

• Setting the agenda for state policy by controlling the rate of spending by state departments to ensure that the budget re-mains in balance

• Promulgating (or officially stating or declaring) rules and reg-ulations that specify how a particular law will be carried out by the state

• Lobbying the General Assembly to pass new laws• Maintaining law and order during times of emergency, such as

natural disasters• Shaping public opinion in support of particular policies through

strategic communications, media relations, and campaigning

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regarding state highways and highway funding. The Department also manages grant programs to support the development of transportation initiatives within cities and counties. The Depart-ment Director hires a Legislative Director.

Interaction Between the Executive and Legislative Branches

Despite the ability of the Governor to set the state’s priorities through the budget process, with checks and balances, much of the policy work of the executive branch directly involves inter-action with the General Assembly. It is for this reason that each agency under the Governor’s administration is budgeted a Leg-islative Director position; this position functions as the lobbyist for their department and acts as a liaison between the Governor’s office, the specific department they represent, and the General As-sembly. Legislative Directors become content experts in the field they represent to advocate for their department’s priorities, as well as give input on their subject matter filed by Senators and Repre-sentatives. At MBS, each department director hires a Legislative Director from the lobbyist program within the Legislative and Executive Policy School.

Department directors, as well as the members of the Governor’s office staff, must attend the Legislative and Executive Policy School. This school of instruction covers the essential informa-tion that State Executive Officials will need to excel in their roles at MBS. Subjects covered include leadership and management, the legislative process, policy development and agenda setting, the state budget, strategic communication, and media relations. Instruction is provided by policy, communications, and lobbying professionals with extensive experience in state government and the private sector. Consult Chapter 4 for more information about which State Executive Officials must attend Legislative and Ex-ecutive Policy School.

Senate Confirmation

The MBS Governor has the power to appoint the directors of the various executive departments, and these directors collectively constitute the Governor’s Cabinet. However, just as in the State of Missouri, the MBS Governor must receive the advice and con-sent of the Senate to confirm these appointments (see Missouri Boys State Constitution, Article V, Section 9). All directors of the Executive Departments must undergo this Senate confirmation process, which involves an interview before a Senate committee and then a confirmation vote by both the committee and the full Senate. Professional attire is recommended for appointees who will appear before the Senate for confirmation hearings.

Positions in the Executive Branch

The executive branch includes the offices of the various statewide constitutional officers along with the seven executive departments. Available positions include:

• Office of the Governor – chief of staff, general counsel, press secretary, budget director, legislative director

• Office of the Secretary of State – director of business services, business service clerks

• Office of the Attorney General – deputy attorney general, assis-

partment Director hires a Legislative Director and two Health Inspectors.

Department of Labor – This Department promotes econom-ic security and safe and healthy workplaces, as well as protects wage earners and individuals against discrimination by improving working conditions, enforcing labor and anti-discrimination laws, and helping those unemployed, injured on the job, and victims of crime. The Department Director hires a Legislative Director and two Investigators.

Department of Public Safety – This Department is responsible for coordinating statewide law enforcement, criminal justice, and public safety efforts for the purpose of ensuring a safe environ-ment for MBS citizens. The Department Director hires a Legis-lative Director and the Directors for the State Emergency Man-agement Agency, Division of Fire Safety, Gaming Commission, and Capitol Police. These directors then hire their respective staff members.

• State Emergency Management Agency – This agency works to coordinate all state agencies to come together during an emergency, gather information from local jurisdictions, and quickly respond to the disaster. The Director hires two Emer-gency Management Specialists.

• Division of Fire Safety – This division is charged with devel-opment and enforcement of various programs to maintain the safety and well-being of the general public. Responsibilities in-clude providing fire safety standards and inspections; inspect-ing cities and public facilities; and ensuring compliance with all University and MBS policies regarding fire safety. The Director, known as the State Fire Marshal, hires two Deputies.

• Gaming Commission – This commission is responsible for regulating operations at gaming facilities, with an emphasis on the integrity of gaming, the protection of assets, and the safe-ty of patrons and staff. The commission also licenses casinos at MBS. The Director hires two Gaming Commissioners.

• Capitol Police – The Capitol Police provide security at the State Capitol (Ward Edwards Building) to ensure a safe and secure environment for elected officials and other persons who conduct business there. At the direction of the General Assem-bly, the Capitol Police may also serve subpoenas to compel tes-timony before a legislative committee. The Director, known as the Chief of Capitol Police, hires three Officers.

Department of Revenue – This Department is responsible for collecting all revenue of the state, including personal and business income taxes and business fees. The Department is also responsi-ble for administering the MBS Lottery. The Department Director and the Lottery Director are chosen through the State Executive Officials application process. The Department Director hires two Tax Agents and a Legislative Director. The Lottery Director hires up to eight Lottery Agents, usually one per county.

Department of Transportation – This Department is committed to providing the public with a safe and modern transportation system. At MBS, the Department proposes and enforces laws

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Early in the week of MBS, the Governor will address the General Assembly to outline his priorities for the coming week in a speech known as the State of the State Address. The address takes place before a joint meeting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and members of the Governor’s cabinet also attend.

The State of the State Address communicates the Governor’s pol-icy and legislative priorities for the session and becomes part of the agenda that the Governor’s administration must champion throughout the week. After the State of the State Address, cabi-net members and their legislative directors quickly get to work on numerous bills to introduce to the General Assembly for debate.

c. The Judicial Branch

“The judicial power of Missouri Boys State shall be vested in a supreme court, and one general trial court known as a cir-cuit court with three different types of judges; circuit judges,

associate circuit judges and municipal judges.”Missouri Boys State Constitution, Article VI, Section 1

“I do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of the United States, the Constitution of the state of Missou-ri, and the Constitution of Missouri Boys State; that I will maintain the respect due courts of justice, judicial officers and members of my profession and will at all times conduct my-self with dignity becoming an officer of the court in which I appear; that I will never seek to mislead the judge or jury by any artifice or false statement of law or fact; that I will at all times conduct myself in accordance with the Rules of Professional Conduct; and that I will practice law to the best of my knowledge and ability and with consideration for the

defenseless and oppressed. So help me God.”Missouri Boys State Attorney’s Oath

The Judicial Branch, along with the Legislative and Executive Branches, form the three co-equal parts of the state government. At MBS, the judicial branch serves a very important role. The criminal justice system, with citizens serving as prosecutors and judges, maintains law and order for MBS citizens. As a citizen, it also may be necessary for you to seek the intervention of the legal system through a civil action to protect your rights or ad-dress wrongs committed against you either by other citizens or some governmental entity. The MBS courts have been called upon to determine the qualifications of candidates, to prevent cities or counties from taking unconstitutional actions, and to examine the propriety of elections, among other things.

The following section provides an overview of the legal system for all MBS citizens.

Lawyers and Judges

Any MBS citizen is eligible to become an attorney, although he must attend the Law School and pass the MBS Bar Exam. Only licensed attorneys may practice law, although any citizen may rep-resent himself in a case to which he is a party. The MBS Supreme Court may for good cause revoke the license of an attorney. All attorneys are officers of the court and subject to such rules as the

tant attorneys general• Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Re-

sources – director, legislative director• Department of Economic Development – director, legislative

director, economic development specialists• Department of Health – director, legislative director, health in-

spectors• Department of Labor – director, legislative director, labor in-

vestigators• Department of Public Safety – director, legislative director, state

emegency management director, state emergency management specialist, state fire marshal, state deputy fire marshal, gaming commission director, gaming commissioners, chief of capitol police, capitol police officer

• Department of Revenue – director, legislative director, tax agents, lottery director, lottery agents

• Department of Transportation – director, legislative director

Consult Chapter 4 for a complete description of these positions.

The State Budget

According to the Missouri Boys State Constitution (see Article IV, Section 16), the House of Representatives must initiate all bills to appropriate, or spend, money. However, the Governor and his administration are responsible for proposing an initial draft budget for the General Assembly’s consideration. The budget is a spending plan for the state government during the course of a fis-cal, or financial, year. The fiscal year for MBS begins at 12:00 p.m. on the Wednesday of the current session of MBS and runs until 12:00 p.m. on the Wednesday of the following session of MBS. The budget must be passed and signed prior to 12:00 p.m. on Wednesday to ensure that the government can continue to spend money to fund its activities.

This draft budget reflects the priorities of the Governor’s admin-istration. Typically, it will be an important element of the Gov-ernor’s State of the State Address, in which he might discuss his thoughts on the need to raise or lower taxes, spend or cut money in certain areas, or other matters relating to the budget.

The Governor’s Budget Director has the responsibility for work-ing with each of the executive departments to develop the draft budget. The Budget Director will gather information from each department director and members of the Governor’s staff to de-velop an initial recommendation. Once the recommendation is finalized, it will be submitted to the House of Representatives and assigned to the House Committee on the Budget for review. The Budget Director will meet and negotiate with House and Senate leaders on multiple occasions during the appropriations process. Other members of the cabinet may be called to testify before the Senate or the House.

Setting the Agenda: The State of the State Address

“The Governor shall at the commencement of each session, and the close of his term of office, give to the General Assembly information, by message, on the condition of the state, and shall recommend such measures as he shall deem expedient.”Missouri Boys State Constitution, Article V, Section 6

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The Court System

Courts are created and established by the Missouri Boys State Constitution. These courts are the Supreme Court and Circuit Courts. The Circuit Courts consist of the Circuit Court, the Asso-ciate Circuit Court, and the Municipal Division of the Circuit Court (also known as the Municipal Court).

The purpose of a court is to define rights and settle disputes or controversies between persons and then to enforce its decision. This process of determination may be known as causes of action, cases, or lawsuits. “Persons,” in the legal sense, may refer to in-dividuals, businesses, associations, corporations, cities, school dis-tricts, governmental agencies, the state itself, or other recognized legal entities.

The power of a court to hear, determine, and enforce its decisions, which is conferred upon it by the Constitution is called jurisdic-tion. Courts cannot hear cases over which they do not have juris-diction. To have jurisdiction, a court must have been authorized to hear the cause of action that is before it and then have the power to enforce its judgment between the parties.

The place where a court exercises its jurisdiction is its venue. It is a geographical area usually determined by counties, cities, or a group of counties, which may be called districts or circuits. At MBS, a municipal judge may only take action upon matters oc-curring within the physical area (venue) of the city while associate circuit judges are limited to the area of their county. Circuit judges are limited to their circuit, which may consist of more than one county. Because much of MBS is not within a county area, any circuit judge or associate circuit judge may hear matters arising within the state, but not occurring within a county area.

All courts should maintain records of their proceedings, which include the nature of the case, the persons involved, and the dispo-sition of the case. At MBS, all courts established by the Missouri Boys State Constitution are Courts of Record. In the State of Missouri, all state courts are Courts of Record while most munic-ipal courts are not.

The jurisdiction and kind of courts, the method of selecting judg-es, citizens who are eligible to be judges, and the term of office are set out in Article VI of the Missouri Boys State Constitution.

There are two kinds of cases over which courts have jurisdiction: civil and criminal. All persons have certain legal rights and obliga-tions. If their rights have been infringed upon by another person or they have failed to fulfill their obligations to the damage of another person, these acts or omissions, may be the subject of a lawsuit known as a civil action. In civil cases, the remedy for these breaches of a person’s legal rights or obligations is monetary com-pensation called damages or an order from the court either to do or to cease doing that which is unlawful called an injunction. Types of civil actions include actions to recover for injuries received in accidents along with breach of contracts. Criminal cases are prose-cutions by the state by and in the name of the people of the state against a person for violation of a state law. In criminal cases, the state is always the prosecuting party. The penalty for violation of the law may be by fine, and in the real world, imprisonment.

court may adopt.

“Every man who is his own lawyer, has a fool for a client.”- Henry Kett, 1814

An attorney is an advocate. It is his function to present to the court all evidence favorable to his client and to advise the court of the law that is applicable in the case. He is also a counselor to his client in legal matters concerning the client. Most legal advice is given to a client in an effort to help the client avoid legal problems or to resolve a conflict without the need for a trial. Nevertheless, it is sometimes necessary for the parties to resolve their disputes in civil cases through litigation, and criminal charges often result in criminal trials. If you do become involved in a lawsuit, you are strongly encouraged to hire an MBS attorney to ensure your case is handled in the appropriate manner.

All judges must be licensed attorneys. A judge is not an advocate for either party. Judges must be impartial arbiters whose goal is to ensure that the parties can fairly protect their rights. As a result, judges cannot argue for one side or another and cannot allow their personal feelings about a party to impact their decision-making. Generally, the judge’s role is restricted to deciding questions of law and acting as a referee for disputes between the parties. Questions of law differ from questions of fact. Questions of fact—such as who was present, what the person did, what time an event occurred—are also called jury questions because they are typically decided by a jury. Because judges must be impartial at all times, they must carefully consider whether to continue in private practice given the potential conflicts of interest and the appearance of impro-priety.

At MBS, all judges, except for the MBS Supreme Court, are elect-ed to their office from among the citizens and all judges must be duly licensed by the Supreme Court. In the State of Missouri, all judges are elected except those of the Supreme Court, Courts of Appeal, and Circuit Courts of Jackson County, Green County, St. Louis County, and the City of St. Louis.

In contrast, appellate court judges in the State of Missouri (Courts of Appeal and the Supreme Court) are appointed by the Governor using the Non-Partisan Court Plan. Under this plan, the Governor selects a judge to fill an appellate vacancy from among three persons submitted to him by a commission. The commis-sion is composed of seven members, three of whom are lay peo-ple appointed by the Governor and three of whom are attorneys elected by members of the Missouri Bar. The commission chair is the chief judge of the Supreme Court. A similar commission recommends the persons for circuit judges in counties mentioned above. In those commissions, the chairperson is the chief judge of the Court of Appeals. When candidates apply for a vacancy under the Non-Partisan Court Plan, they do so without being designated with a party affiliation. Once appointed, these judges do not have political opposition, but run against their own record on the basis of whether or not they should be retained in office. This method of selecting judges has received nationwide attention and is often referred to as The Missouri Plan. The MBS Supreme Court is selected using the Non-Partisan Court Plan.

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from evidence anything obtained as a result of the arrest including any statements made by the person arrested while he is in custody.

Outside of MBS, a criminal case is commenced by the filing of a Complaint, Information, or Indictment by a prosecuting attorney against a person. At MBS, a criminal case is initiated when an Information is filed. These pleadings initiate criminal proceedings by the state against a person for a violation of a state law. When a criminal charge is filed, a warrant is issued to the sheriff com-manding him to take physical custody of the person and bring him immediately before the court to answer the charge.

The defendant typically files no formal written answer in a crim-inal case. When he is brought before the court by the sheriff or other law enforcement officer under the warrant issued by the court, he is advised of the nature of the complaint or information and asked how he pleads. The defendant then orally enters a plea of guilty or not guilty, or not guilty by reason of mental defect or disease excluding responsibility. The proceeding in which a crim-inal defendant appears before the court, hears the charges against him, and enters his plea is called an arraignment.

If the judgment is that the person is guilty and probation or parole is not granted, a sentence is imposed. If the person is ordered to pay a fine, then an execution is issued to the sheriff to collect the fine or confine the person until the fine is paid or until he has been confined a sufficient length of time to satisfy the fine. If the sentence is to confinement, then a commitment is issued to the person in charge of the county jail or penitentiary setting for the length of time the person is to be confined. At MBS, fines may be imposed only in Boys State Bucks.

Civil Actions

The law requires of every person certain obligations or duties. The law also defines certain personal rights that may not be violat-ed by a person in his relationships with others. The violation of these rights or the failure to fulfill these obligations may give rise to a lawsuit or case against the person responsible or obligated, for damages or other relief. In those cases, the party seeking to have his rights vindicated is called the plaintiff. Often the plaintiff will seek relief, which will put him back in the same position he was in before his rights were injured, or compensate him for the unfulfilled obligations due him. These lawsuits are civil in nature and called civil actions. In general, they arise from property rights, contracts, and torts. A civil action is commenced when a plain-tiff files a petition. The petition makes basic allegations that, when taken together, demonstrate that he is entitled to relief from the defendant.

There are three common types of civil actions:

1. Contracts – A contract, in simplest terms, is a binding agree-ment between persons. It may arise from a written or oral agreement between persons or from their conduct toward each other from which the law implies an agreement.

2. Torts – Law abiding conduct by everyone in his relationship with other persons is the cornerstone of a free society. A tort is a private or civil wrong or injury arising from the violation or breach of a duty imposed by law on all persons. To be the

“No person shall be...deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”

U.S. Constitution - Amendment V

Both the U.S. and Missouri Constitutions guarantee their citizens the protection of due process. There are two types of due process: substantive due process and procedural due process. In general, substantive due process prohibits the government from infring-ing on fundamental rights and liberties. By contrast, procedural due process refers to the procedural mechanism by which a law is administered, applied, or enforced which are designed to ensure fairness and protect the citizens’ rights. Procedural due process requires, among other things, that a court must be able to notify persons that an action is pending against them, require the atten-dance of witnesses and the production of evidence, and provide for an opportunity to be heard. To do this the court issues “orders” which are called legal processes. There are many different kinds of process and they vary between civil and criminal cases. The act of carrying out these orders is known as serving process.

The Jury System

The type of jury that participates in the trial of civil and criminal cases is known as a petit jury. At MBS, jurors are selected from among the citizens who reside where the particular court has ju-risdiction and venue. In the State of Missouri, municipal judges cannot hear jury trials without being appointed Special Associate Circuit Court Judge. At MBS, it is presumed that all municipal judges have been appointed Special Associate Circuit Judges and may therefore hear jury trials.

A petit jury normally consists of 12 citizens. A fewer number is acceptable at MBS, but juries at MBS must have at least three cit-izens. In a civil case, two-thirds of the jurors must agree to render a verdict, and in a criminal case, all of the jurors must agree to render a verdict. If all of the jurors cannot agree to a verdict in a criminal case, then it is said to be a “hung” jury and the judge will excuse the jury and another one may be selected and the case retried. The purpose of a petit jury is to hear the evidence. When they have determined what the facts are, they then apply them to the law as instructed by the judge. The jury’s decision is called the verdict. In a criminal case, the jury renders a verdict of “guilty” or “not guilty” on each charged count. In a civil case, the jury returns a verdict in-dicating if the party is liable or not liable for each cause of action.

Criminal Law

An arrest is made by an actual restraint of a person or by submis-sion to the custody of an officer under authority of a warrant or otherwise. An officer must inform the person arrested by what authority he acts and show the warrant, if the person requests.

An officer may make an arrest when he has probable cause to believe that the person arrested has committed the offense. For an officer to have probable cause to make an arrest requires that he has a good belief that the person he is arresting has committed a crime and must not have acted arbitrarily in forming this belief. If the arrest is found to be unlawful, then a court must exclude from evidence anything found as a result of a search of the person or premises at the time of the arrest, and, some courts would exclude

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Because of the adversarial nature of trial proceedings one or all of the participants or spectators may lose control of their emo-tions and say or do things that are improper, which they would not otherwise have done, except for the competitive nature of the proceedings. The judge should be alert for these occurrences to admonish the offender or recess. As a last resort, the judge may have to punish the offender for contempt of court, if it is a serious or repeated occurrence. Contempt of court is an offense against the state and not the judge. Punishment for contempt of court may be by fine or commitment to the county jail in the discretion of the judge.

In all criminal cases, the defendant has a constitutional right to a speedy public trial before an impartial jury from the venue where the offense is alleged to have occurred. To waive this right, the defendant must affirmatively make his desire known to the court. The state is entitled, by statute, to a jury trial, but may waive this right by failing to request a jury or proceeding to trial without one.

In civil cases, the plaintiff and defendant are entitled to a jury trial, if the action is one at law, but not if it is equitable in nature and calls for equitable relief. They may waive this right by failing to appear, by oral or written consent, or by entering into the trial without objection. In either case, each party in the case must waive the right. In equitable actions, or actions where the parties have waived a jury, the judge may conduct a bench trial where he fills the role of the jury and decides questions of fact. The right to trial by jury in municipal court is governed by the rules in civil cases.

All court hearings and trials are open to the public, as are the re-cords of the court, unless specifically made secret by statute, such as in certain juvenile proceedings or cases involving mental in-competence. It is desirable for court officials, parties involved in the lawsuit, and their attorneys to refrain from public comment during the course of a trial to assure that no improper information or influence reaches the jury. Grand jury proceedings, however, are never public.

In a criminal case the burden of proof is always on the state to establish beyond a reasonable doubt the guilt of the accused. The accused is presumed to be innocent and is under no duty to prove that he is innocent. The accused is entitled to remain silent and present no evidence and the court and jury are not allowed to draw any inferences from this silence. As a practical matter the defendant may find it advisable to try to prove his innocence at the trial but he is under no legal obligation to do so.

In a civil case the burden of proof is on the party who alleges the truth of his claim to establish it by a preponderance of the evidence (greater weight of the evidence). This burden of proof is not mea-sured by the number of witnesses or documents presented by each party, but by the believability of the evidence that is presented. Once credible evidence has been received on an issue the burden of going forward with the evidence may shift to the opposing par-ty to present impeaching or contradictory evidence or the truth of the issue may be accepted by the court and jury.

A motion is a request by a party that the court grant him certain relief or take a certain action. Motions may be made at any time before, during or after the trial is completed. They may be written

basis for a civil action for damages, the act complained of, in addition to being a breach of one’s legal duty, must also be the proximate cause of the injury or damages to the com-plaining party. In other words, the injury or damages must be the natural, ordinary, and probable consequences that one might reasonably expect to result from the commission of the voluntary act.

3. Extraordinary Actions – There are times when it appears that great injustice is being done either by the government, its officials, or by private persons for which no legal remedy is apparently provided. To remedy this injustice, the law allows individuals or entities to file certain extraordinary writs before the associate or circuit court judge to address the grievances. The more commonly used writs include the Writ of Habeas Corpus (“you should have the body”), the Writ of Mandamus (“we command”), the Writ of Prohibition (“we prohibit”), and the Writ of Certiorari (“to be informed of, to be made certain in regard to”).

Damages are usually classified as special, general, and punitive. Special damages are actual out of pocket expenses. General damages are for pain, suffering, and the anticipated expenses as a result of the injury. Punitive damages are for punishment and awarded only when the pleadings allege a willful, wanton, and reckless disregard for the rights of others or the act alleged is done maliciously with intent to cause harm, and one or the other of these allegations is proved. Special and general damages are awarded to compensate a plaintiff for their losses or suffering. Punitive damages are award-ed to punish a defendant’s wrongdoing and deter similar conduct in the future. A party may also seek equitable relief. Equitable relief is an order from the Court—usually an injunction—requiring or prohibiting a party to take a certain act as compared to a claim for damages. Equitable relief is commonly requested when a plaintiff makes a claim against a governmental entity and, for that reason, is often at issue during trials at MBS.

There are very specific rules under which attorneys operate when participating in civil litigation. These rules are known as Rules of Civil Procedure. These rules establish the standards that courts and parties follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits. Proper compliance with the Rules of Civil Procedure is essential to practicing law and successfully resolving a lawsuit. The rules can be very complex for non-lawyers and are one of the primary reasons citizens should hire an attorney to represent them in a lawsuit.

Trial Procedure

The U.S. uses an adversarial legal system in which parties are repre-sented by advocates who argue their position in front of a neutral party that ultimately decides the case. It is the duty of the attorneys for the plaintiff and defendant to present all available evidence on behalf of their respective clients and to cite to the court whatever law supports their client’s case. It is the duty of the jury to listen to the evidence that is admitted and after judging the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given the evidence, determine the truth of the dispute that exists between the parties. It is the duty of the judge to decide what evidence that is offered is to be admitted for consideration by the jury and to determine the law that is applicable to the case and instruct the jury so that they may arrive at a verdict.

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VI. Law Enforcement

“On my honor, I will never betray my badge, my integrity, my character, or the public trust. I will always have the cour-age to hold myself and others accountable for our actions. I will always uphold the Constitution, the community and the

agency I serve, so help me God.”Missouri Boys State Law Enforcement Officer Oath

The law enforcement structure at MBS emulates that of Missou-ri’s own criminal justice system. This system incorporates formal law enforcement structure at each level of government: city, coun-ty, and state. The system includes municipal police departments (city), county sheriff ’s offices (county), Capitol Police (state), and the highest law enforcement agency: the Highway Patrol (state).

Just as in the State of Missouri, this system operates under a juris-dictional code stipulating which agency at which level will enforce which laws, giving statewide jurisdiction to the Highway Patrol. The eight Troopers of the Missouri Boys State Highway Patrol (MBSHP) enforce the laws of the state given under the Missou-ri Boys State Constitution and RSMBS along with the laws set by each city and county government. Members of the MBSHP must attend the Law Enforcement School. All city and county law enforcement officials (e.g., police chief, police officer, county sheriff, and deputy sheriff ) are recommended to attend the Law Enforcement School.

Highway Patrol

The MBSHP is the highest level of law enforcement at MBS. As such, the selected troopers require special qualifications for appointment. Selection occurs prior to the first election on Sun-day and the chosen troopers will receive specialized training from actual Missouri State Highway Patrol Troopers and other law enforcement professionals from across the U.S. These individuals serve as Law Enforcement School staff members and coordinate law enforcement officer orientation and educational program-ming.

In order to be eligible to serve as an MBSHP Trooper, citizens must be at least 15 years of age. Citizens who have had experience in leadership and law enforcement roles will be given preference. Citizens interested in applying for one of the eight trooper posi-tions on the MBSHP should consult their City Counselor upon arriving at MBS on Saturday.

The Superintendent of the MBSHP is appointed by the Governor. The specific ranks of troopers within the MBSHP are appointed by the Superintendent. Just like the actual Missouri State High-way Patrol, Missouri’s highest level of law enforcement, troopers are ranked in a quasi-military fashion. The Superintendent will rank as the Colonel while his second-in-command is the Lieu-tenant Colonel and so on.

The Missouri State Highway Patrol is responsible for leading re-gional task forces to combat criminal activity and lead focused investigations. They recruit law enforcement officers from around Missouri to serve, including the Department of Public Safety (e.g., Missouri State Fire Marshal, Department of Corrections). While

or oral. Outside of MBS, motions are typically in writing except that during the course of the trial some motions may be made orally. At MBS, many motions are made orally.

Objections are made orally before the court during a hearing on a motion or the trial of the case. They normally require a ruling by the judge at the time as to their validity, although they may be taken under advisement and ruled upon later.

Any party or the court may at any time request a continuance of a matter. A continuance is a request that the court reschedule a court proceeding due to a conflict that prevents a party from meaningfully participating in the proceeding. A continuance can be as long or short as the judge desires, anywhere from days or weeks to minutes. A recess may be requested by any party for any reasonable purpose. The court should specifically determine the length of the recess after consultation with the attorneys for both parties.

A summary of available elected and appointed governmental po-sitions within the state level is:

Elected Appointed• Governor• Lieutenant Governor• Secretary of State• State Auditor• State Treasurer• Attorney General• State Representative• State Senator• Supreme Court Justice*

• Senate Secretary• Senate Assistant Secretary• Senate Chaplain• Senate Sergeant-at-Arms • Highway Patrol Trooper• House Chief Clerk• House Assistant Clerk• House Chaplain• House Sergeant-at-Arms• Governor’s Chief of Staff• Governor’s General Counsel• Governor’s Press Secretary• Governor’s Budget Director• Governor’s Legislative Director• Department Director**• Department Legislative Director**• Director of Business Services• Business Services Clerk• Deputy Attorney General• Assistant Attorney General• Lottery Director• Lottery Agent• Economic Development Specialist• Health Inspector• Labor Investigator• Tax Agent• State Emergency Management

Agency Director• Emergency Mangement Specialist• State Fire Marshal• State Deputy Fire Marshal• State Gaming Commission

Director• State Gaming Commissioner• Chief of Capitol Police• Capitol Police Officer

* Position is both elected and appointed** Director or legislative director position for each of the

seven executive departments

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tained. He appoints three citizens of his city as Police Officers to assist him in his duties (one from each ward). Police Officers will assist the Chief of Police in carrying out his duties.

VII. The Political Party Structure at Missouri Boys State

The citizens of MBS are divided into two political parties: Feder-alists and Nationalists. Before arriving, citizens are assigned ran-domly to one of these political parties, and the Federalist Party and Nationalist Party have no relationship with political parties outside of MBS.

During MBS, great emphasis is placed on political parties, po-litical campaigns, and elections. Often, citizens of a community, state, or country have a better opportunity to express themselves in government through political parties than individual efforts. Political parties afford the opportunity for collective thinking and cooperation in identifying issues and analyzing problems that af-fect our society.

Political parties develop platforms, which define party aims and ideals. Both the Federalist and Nationalist Parties should give serious thought to and carefully deliberate the formulation of their respective platforms. These platforms often include positions on issues from both the real world and at MBS. Party members should ensure, though, that the issues they mention are of actual interest to MBS citizens; this will help attract voters and differen-tiate one party’s platform from another.

Keep in mind that the political party structure at MBS is sepa-rate and distinct from the governmental structure at MBS. The purpose of the political party structure is to help each party devel-op its platform, nominate candidates for elected office in the gov-ernmental structure, and campaign for those candidates so they can win their elections. The elected officials from each party then become part of the governmental structure at MBS. As such, it is important that you understand this important distinction be-tween the political party structure and the governmental struc-ture in order to obtain maximum benefit of the MBS program.

One key difference between these two structures at MBS is that a citizen may hold more than one political party position at the same time. However, outside of a few exceptions, a citizen may hold only one governmental position at one time. For example, if a citizen is elected City Councilman on Sunday and is sub-sequently elected Secretary of State on Thursday, he must resign from his City Council in order to take office as Secretary of State.

The rest of this section discusses voting, the types of elections, and the levels of the political party structure at MBS.

a. Voting

Under the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are both citizens of the U.S. and also of the state in which they reside. Although the U.S. largely prescribes citizenship requirements, voting qualifications

all MBS citizens receive instruction regarding the role of law en-forcement in democracy, the MBSHP along with city and county law enforcement officers receive detailed instruction in duties and responsibilities relating to the practice of law enforcement.

Capitol Police

The MBS Capitol Police consists of four officers, including one Chief of Police. The Capitol Police are charged with enforcing state statutes (e.g., RSMBS) as well as the Code of Regulations within the MBS State Capitol (Ward Edwards Building). Their main responsibilities are to meet local, county, and state law en-forcement officers and fire departments to maintain an open communication channel in the event of an emergency along with ensuring the continued safety of the MBS State Capitol and the elected and appointed officials who work there.

County Sheriffs

Each MBS county operates a functioning law enforcement unit under the direction of an elected County Sheriff. The County Sheriff ’s Office is made up of an elected Sheriff who employs Deputy Sheriffs to patrol all jurisdictions within the county lines and are charged with enforcing laws set forth by the Missouri Boys State Constitution and RSMBS along with the laws of their county, which include laws enacted by both the cities within the county.

County Sheriffs are responsible for the safe-keeping of persons charged with a crime, general conduct of the citizens of his county when they are gathered at any function, and opening and attend-ing all sessions of state courts (e.g., Circuit Court, Associate Cir-cuit Court). County Sheriffs also have the authority to arrest citi-zens of other counties anywhere in MBS when they are violating the law in his presence. Deputy Sheriffs may, under the direction of the Sheriff, perform any of his legal duties.

Municipal Police Departments

Each MBS city operates a functioning law enforcement unit un-der the direction of an appointed Chief of Police. The municipal, or city, level of law enforcement at MBS is charged with enforcing the laws set forth by the state and the county as well as those laws its city council votes into municipal law and deems enforceable.

Just as every other law enforcement officer in the state, each mu-nicipal law enforcement officer is state commissioned and accred-ited. In the State of Missouri, this is gained through attending a law enforcement training center or a regional police academy. At MBS, a commission is gained by attending the Law Enforce-ment School and successfully passing exams early in the week. This commission allows all law enforcement officers to have police powers within the entire state when formed together as a Joint Task Force ( JTF) and working with members of other jurisdic-tions to complete a specified task or focused enforcement. JTFs and other task forces are typically ordered and directed by the MBSHP.

A city’s Chief of Police acts as the principal agent for law enforce-ment in the city, seeing that laws are observed and order is main-

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Treasurer). The caucus method of nominating candidates for elected office features a local meeting run by party officials where people can verbally express support for candidates. The members of the caucus then vote, usually not by secret ballot, to determine which candidate will be placed on the ballot. The winning candidate is the one who receives the largest number of votes.

2. The Statewide Primary Election – The purpose of the pri-mary election is to nominate candidates from among other candidates of the same party for the statewide general elec-tion. At MBS, this election takes place on Wednesday. Un-like a caucus, a primary election features a secret ballot. The winning candidate is the one who receives the largest number of votes. His name and the names of nominees representing other political parties with candidates for that office are then placed on the general election ballot. In the primary election, there are as many different ballots available as there are po-litical parties with candidates seeking office in the election. The Federalist Ballot only contains the names of Federalist candidates. The Nationalist Ballot only contains the names of Nationalist candidates. MBS uses a closed primary system, meaning that to vote in a primary election, a voter may only vote his own party ballot, which is located on his citizen name badge.

3. The Statewide General Election – The purpose of the gen-eral election is to elect candidates to serve in public office. At MBS, this election takes place on Thursday. The winning candidate is the one who receives the largest number of votes. Whereas the primary election is an election within a political party, the general election is an election among all political parties. In the general election, there is only one ballot that includes only the names of the candidates who won the pri-mary election. The general election ballot also indicates the party of each candidate. In this election, a Federalist may vote for a Nationalist and vice versa, so long as they do not vote for more candidates than there are offices to fill. At MBS, all citizens attend a Joint Party Rally on Wednesday to listen to candidates from both parties gives speeches about their candidacy.

c. The Levels of the Political Party Structure

In order to nominate the best candidates and get those candidates elected, political parties form committees that provide the lead-ership for the party. These committees are formed at ward, city, county, and state levels. Each party elects officials that represent the party on the various committees. The levels of the political party structure, from smallest to largest, are:

• Ward Committee – one ward within a city is composed of around 10 Federalists and 10 Nationalists; each party elects a ward committeeman within each ward

• City Committee – composed of the three ward committeemen from each party (3 citizens)

• County Committee – composed of two delegates from each city ward along with each city committee’s chairman (14 cit-izens)

• State Central Committee – composed of each county commit-tee’s chairman and vice-chairman (16 citizens)

for the election of state, county, and local officials is reserved mostly to the states.

Three notable exceptions the U.S. Constitution places upon the state’s power to determine their own voting qualifications are found in the Fifteenth, Nineteenth and Twenty-Sixth Amend-ments. The Fifteenth Amendment provides that no citizen shall be denied the right to vote “on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude.” The Nineteenth Amendment states that no citizen shall be denied the right to vote “on account of sex.” And, the Twenty-Sixth Amendment requires that “the right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of age.”

MBS uses voting qualifications similar to those in the Missouri Constitution:

• All citizens have the right to vote.• All citizens are automatically registered to vote.• Election judges and clerks cannot disclose how any citizen vot-

ed.• Voters shall be privileged from arrest while going to, attending,

and returning from elections, except in cases of treason, felony, or breach of the peace.

• All citizens are allowed to retain their Missouri residence for voting purposes, including a member of the military stationed outside Missouri, a student of any institution of learning out-side Missouri, a person kept in a poor house or other asylum at public expense outside Missouri, or a person confined in public prison outside Missouri.

Unlike Missouri, though, MBS does not permit absentee voting.

Before casting a ballot, good citizens should give consideration to the individual needs of others and the collective needs of our so-ciety, in addition to their own personal interests. In order to reach a meaningful choice among candidates, good citizens should gather information on social and economic conditions, weigh the information for its possible bias, and—most importantly—dis-cuss issues with his fellow citizens and the candidates concerning their positions. Only citizens who strive to understand the issues at stake and the plans of those seeking public office can make a meaningful choice among candidates.

While loyalty to one’s political party is considered essential to the formation and proper functioning of political parties at MBS and is the reason each party develops a platform of beliefs representing its constituency, every citizen is encouraged to vote his conscience. At each session of MBS, there are numerous examples of Federal-ists voting for Nationalists and vice versa.

b. Elections

There are three types of elections at MBS:

1. Caucuses – Due to the limited duration of MBS, we use the caucus method to nominate each party’s candidates for all elected offices except statewide officers (e.g., Governor, State

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assigned to that party to learn more about how to draft a party platform and brainstorm campaigning and fundraising strategies. Each State Central Committee elects from its members a State Central Committee Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer, and Sergeant-at-Arms. In addition to serving as the leaders of the party, these five officers of the State Central Committee also serve as the chairmen of the five standing committees, which the next section describes. The remaining members of the State Central Committee serve as their party’s Platform Committee. Addition-ally, the members of the State Central Committee organize and preside over the State Party Convention meeting.

Each party’s State Party Convention serves as the party’s state-wide workgroup. The convention consists of the two delegates from each city ward (96 citizens) and members of the State Cen-tral Committee (16 citizens) with the State Central Committee Chairman, presiding. Note that State Party Convention Delegates do not serve on the State Central Committee and cannot be elected mem-bers of the State Central Committee unless they serve as their county’s party chairman or vice-chairman. During its meetings, the State Party Convention organizes into five standing committees under the direction of the Chairman. The five standing committees in-clude:

• Platform Committee – This committee is composed of the re-maining members of the State Central Committee who are not one of the five officers (e.g., Chairman, etc.), and the State Cen-tral Committee Chairman leads this committee. The Platform Committee is responsible for developing the party’s position on a variety of issues, which serves as the basis for their party’s political campaigns during MBS.

• Strategy Committee – This committee is composed of mem-bers of the State Party Convention, and the State Central Committee Vice-Chairman leads this committee. The Strategy Committee is responsible for communicating the party’s plat-form to the rest of MBS along with coordinating the campaign activities of the party’s candidates (e.g., buying advertising space in the media, organizing party members in cities and counties, publishing the party platform).

• Credentials Committee – This committee is composed of members of the State Party Convention, and the State Cen-tral Committee Secretary leads this committee. The Creden-tials Committee is responsible for verifying the nominating petitions of the candidates for statewide office before the Joint Party Rally on Wednesday.

• Finance Committee – This committee is composed of mem-bers of the State Party Convention, and the State Central Com-mittee Treasurer leads this committee. The Finance Commit-tee is responsible for planning and implementing fundraising strategies and managing the party’s finances. The funds that this committee raises help finance the activities of the Strategy Committee and the individual campaigns of the party’s candi-dates.

• Rules Committee – This committee is composed of members of the State Party Convention, and the State Central Commit-tee Sergeant-at-Arms leads this committee. The Rules Com-mittee is responsible for determining the format and rules for the party’s nominating rally for statewide offices. In addition, the Rules Committees from each party work together to deter-mine the format and rules for the Gubernatorial Debate and

A City Ward is the political subdivision within a city. At MBS, each ward has a Federalist and Nationalist organization. There are three wards per party in each city, and each ward selects a ward candidate for City Council, two delegates to their party’s County Committee, and two delegates to their party’s State Convention.

Members of each political party in each ward select a Ward Com-mitteeman for the party for a total of six Ward Committeemen for each city (three from each party). The Ward Committeeman is his party’s representative at meetings of the City Committee. He conveys party plans from the City Committee to the members of his ward and is also responsible for ensuring members of his party in his ward vote in elections.

Together, the three ward committeemen from each party make up their party’s City Committee. As such, there is a Federalist City Committee and a Nationalist City Committee. The ward commit-teemen elect the City Party Chairman, City Party Vice-Chairman, and City Party Secretary from their own ranks. The City Commit-tee then selects two election judges and one clerk to serve from each party for each election. If an election judge or clerks appears on the ballot, the City Committee must select a replacement elec-tion official.

The City Party Chairman’s contacts are with his ward commit-teemen rather than with all members of his party within his city. He is also an ex-officio member of his party’s County Committee. One key responsibility of the City Committee is to draft the plat-form for its party at the city level. The platform should be geared toward issues that relate to the citizens of the city (e.g., economic development). All members of a party within the city must ap-prove the platform at the city caucus meeting. As such, a key re-sponsibility of the City Party Chairman is to hold a city caucus meeting of the members of the party in his city to nominate cit-izens for city offices and for the MBS House of Representatives and MBS Senate. After the city election on Sunday, the City Party Chairman presides at another city caucus meeting to nominate candidates for county offices.

Each county’s County Committee consists of 12 members (six from each city; two from each ward within a city) and the two City Party Chairmen serve as ex officio members. As such, there is a Federalist County Committee and a Nationalist County Com-mittee. The delegates elect the County Party Chairman, County Party Vice-Chairman, and County Party Secretary. The County Par-ty Chairman and County Party Vice-Chairman take the lead in managing the affairs of their parties within their county. One key responsibility of the County Committee is to draft the platform for its party at the county level. The platform should be geared to-ward issues that relate to the citizens of the county (e.g., tolls). All members of a party within the county must approve the platform at the county caucus meeting. The County Party Chairman’s du-ties are essentially the same as the duties of the City Party Chair-man, but at the county level, including holding a county caucus meeting of the members of the party in the county to nominate citizens for county offices.

Each party’s State Central Committee consists of the chairman and vice-chairman from each county (16 citizens). Each State Central Committee meets with MBS staff members specifically

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County Committee.

The County Committee is composed of 12 delegates (2 from each of the 3 wards within a city) along with both City Party Chairmen. The County Committee is responsible for drafting the county party platform and running the county caucus meeting to nominate candidates for county elections. The 14 County Com-mittee members elect a County Party Chairman, County Party Vice-Chairman, and County Party Secretary. The County Party Chairman and County Party Vice-Chairman then become mem-bers of the State Central Committee.

The State Central Committee is composed of the Chairmen and Vice-Chairmen of the county committees (16 citizens; 2 from each of the 8 counties). The 16 State Central Committee mem-bers elect a Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer, and Sergeant-at-Arms. Each of these officers chairs a committee of the State Party Convention. The State Central Committee runs their party’s nominating rally and Joint Party Rally and is respon-sible for helping their statewide candidates run, and ultimately win, their elections (e.g., fundraising, campaigning).

The State Party Convention is composed of the delegates elected from each city ward (96 citizens; 2 per each of the 3 city wards in each of the 16 cities) and members of the State Central Commit-tee. State Party Convention delegates do not serve on the State Central Committee and cannot be elected Chairman, Vice-Chair-man, Secretary, Treasurer, and Sergeant-at-Arms of their party.

f. Outside the Ranks of the Political Party Structure

For citizens outside their party’s leadership at the ward, city, coun-ty, and state levels, it may seem difficult to influence your political party, especially the platforms developed at the city, county, and state levels. Citizens involved in the MBS media outlets (e.g., MBS Record) can have a significant influence on the discussions around a party’s position on various issues. Moreover, those elected or ap-pointed to positions in the governmental structure at MBS can influence political parties by making campaign promises to voters, introducing legislation at a City Council meeting or in the House of Representatives, and working with officials from different cities and branches of government. Finally, business owners influence political parties through word-of-mouth to their customers along with making donations to political campaigns. In short, while you may not hold a political position at MBS, each MBS citizen has the ability to influence how political parties operate.

A summary of available political party structure positions is:

• Ward Committeeman• City Party Chairman• City Party Vice-Chairman• City Party Secretary• County Committee Delegate• State Party Convention

Delegate• County Party Chairman

• County Party Vice-Chairman• County Party Secretary• State Party Chairman• State Party Vice-Chairman• State Party Secretary• State Party Treasurer• State Party Sergeant-at-Arms

Note: A citizen may hold more than one position with-in the political party structure at MBS. For example, a

the Joint Party Rally on Wednesday.

d. Nominating Petitions and Filing Fees

All candidates for statewide elected offices (e.g., Governor, Lieu-tenant Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, State Au-ditor, and Attorney General) are required to file nominating pe-titions. Nominating petitions can be obtained from your City Counselor. Nominating petitions for any statewide elected office shall be signed by no less than 25 nor more than 30 MBS citizens of the same political party as the candidate. However, no citizen may sign a nominating petition for more than one candidate for each state office.

All candidates who file nomination petitions are required to pay a filing fee to their party. The revenue from these fees are then used to assist with financing the political campaigns of the party’s candidates. Current fee levels and payees are:

• City Level – 50 Boys State Bucks paid to the City Party Sec-retary

• County Level – 100 Boys State Bucks paid to the County Party Secretary

• State Level – 1000 Boys State Bucks paid to the State Party Secretary via the City Counselor when candidates turn in their nominating petitions

Prior to the Joint Party Rally on Wednesday, each party’s Creden-tials Committee receives and reviews the various nominating pe-titions for their party’s candidates to ensure they comply with the rules mentioned above (e.g., valid signatures, filing fees paid). At its discretion, a party’s Credentials Committee may disqualify any candidate who files a nominating petition that does not comply with the rules mentioned above. Candidates that are disqualified by their party’s Credentials Committee may challenge that deci-sion and should see their City Counselor for more information.

e. Rising Through the Ranks of the Political Party Structure

From the top to the bottom: To serve on the State Central Com-mittee, you must serve as Chairman or Vice-Chairman of your County Committee. To serve on the County Committee, you must serve as Chairman of your City Committee or be selected by your ward as a delegate to the County Committee. To serve on the City Committee, you must be elected ward committeeman from your ward.

From the bottom to the top: each of the city’s three city wards selects one Ward Committeeman from each party for a total of six Ward Committeemen (three from each party) and select two delegates for the County Committee and two delegates for the State Party Convention. These three Ward Committeemen compose the City Committee, which is responsible for drafting the city party plat-form and running the city caucus meeting to nominate candidates for city elections. The three City Committee members elect a City Party Chairman, City Party Vice-Chairman, and City Party Sec-retary. The City Party Chairman then becomes a member of the

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• If a citizen is paid from tax revenues, then the position is gov-ernmental.

• If a citizen is paid by a political party, then the position is likely political.

Another way is to ask the question: “Who have I been elected or appointed to represent?”

• If you are representing citizens of both parties, then the position is governmental.

• If you are representing citizens of only your party, then the po-sition is likely political.

Governmental positions have widely varying tasks, ranging from Municipal Judge or County Sheriff to Senator or Secretary of State. Each elected or appointed governmental job plays a key role in ensuring that all of MBS runs effectively and efficiently.

Political party officials are primarily responsible for drafting their party’s platform and helping with fundraising and campaigning efforts to get their candidates elected to the city, county, and state levels of government. Each party has a city committee in each city, a county committee in each county, and a state central com-mittee composed of senior party leaders. Each political party of-ficial plays a key role in ensuring that high-quality candidates are elected or appointed to positions that permit all of MBS to run effectively and efficiently.

As another reminder, a citizen may hold only one governmen-tal position at one time, but a citizen may hold more than one political party position at one time. Examples of this distinction are:

• Darius is currently the City Clerk and was just elected County Clerk. Both are governmental positions, so he needs to resign from his position as City Clerk in order to become County Clerk.

• Michael is currently the Duggan City Federalist Party Chair-man and was just elected County Sheriff. He can hold both positions since the former is a political party position and the latter is a governmental position.

• Luis is currently both the Richardson City Nationalist Party and Gamble County Nationalist Party Chairman and was just elected as Nationalist State Central Committee Secretary. He can hold all three positions since each is a political party po-sition.

While all positions at MBS are specified as either political or governmental, there are a few exceptions: Bugler, City Athletic Director, City Beverage Commissioner, City Community Service Coordinator, and Color Guard. These positions are neither gov-ernmental nor political and can be held by any citizen in combina-tion with one governmental position and any number of political party positions.

Finally, citizens who open and operate a business may also hold one governmental position and any number of political party positions. For example, Terrell may be an elected member of the House of Representatives (governmental position), Whitfield City Federalist Party Chairman (political party position), and a

citizen may be simultaneously a City Party Chairman, County Party Chairman, and State Party Treasurer. Re-member that within the governmental structure at MBS, though, that a citizen may hold only one position at one

time.

The figure below illustrates the political party structure at MBS:

State Central CommitteeComposed of Chairman and Vice-Chair from each County (16 total)

Members select:

1 State Party Chairman1 State Party Vice-Chairman1 State Party Secretary1 State Party Treasurer1 State Party Sergeant-at-Arms

State ConventionComposed of 2 Delegates per

ward and members of the State Central Committee (112 total)

Members form:

Platform CommitteeStrategy CommitteeCredentials CommitteeFinance CommitteeRules Committee

County CommitteeComposed of 2 City Chairmen and 2

Delegates per ward (14 total)

Members select:

1 County Party Chairman1 County Party Vice-Chairman1 County Party Secretary

City CommitteeComposed of the 3 Ward Committeemen

Members select:

1 City Party Chairman1 City Party Vice-Chairman1 City Party Secretary

Ward I/II/III10-12 citizens make up each ward

Ward members select:

1 Ward Committeeman2 County Delegates2 State Party Convention Delegates1 City Council Nominee

VIII. The Difference Between Governmental and Political Positions

As a reminder, there are two types of positions that citizens can hold at MBS: governmental and political. Two time-honored ways help explain the difference between governmental and po-litical positions.

One way is to ask the question: “From whom does my paycheck come?”

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manager, social media manager, anchors, field reporters, pro-ducer, floor director, camera operators, technical director, audio engineer, teleprompter operator, advertising account managers

Consult Chapter 4 for a complete description of these positions. Media outlets at MBS are businesses, so citizens may hold a me-dia management position along with a governmental position.

These news outlets are owned by the MBS Board of Directors and funded through their sponsors. All stories reported are written by MBS citizens under the supervision of citizen media managers and the MBS Journalism and Media School staff members. Each of these organizations typically hires MBS citizens as reporters and other personnel that are necessary for their operations. No license is necessary to be a journalist.

b. What is News?

News consists of just the facts, typically consisting of “who, what, when, where, why, and how” reported from the reporter’s own observations and/or gathered from other people who may have witnessed something or have other knowledge that is relevant. These people, known as primary sources, may be public officials, law enforcement professionals, judges, attorneys, leakers, whis-tleblowers, and anybody who has information pertinent to the story. There may also be documents these people provide, such as private emails and memos or public records like police reports or court transcripts. Reporters should avoid quoting secondary sources, such as other news outlets.

Pure news allows the reader or viewer to draw their own conclu-sions or opinions. When a reporter forms an opinion or conclu-sion from the facts, it should be labeled as editorial or analysis.

Propaganda is information that is not objective and is used pri-marily to influence an audience and further an agenda, often by presenting facts selectively—such as lying by omission—to en-courage a particular perception. Propaganda is often associated with material prepared by governments, corporations, and other political and activist groups.

It is the job of good reporters and their readers to determine the credibility of their sources and form their own opinions based on the credibility of the facts presented.

There are various ways in which MBS journalists find the news. Reporters are typically assigned to various beats known as good sources of news, such as political party leaders, Mayors and city council members, county commission meetings, House and Sen-ate sessions, judges, court officials and law enforcement agencies, the Governor’s office and other state officials, and city athletic di-rectors. Various candidates for elected office along with businesses also provide press releases to the media in the hopes that a story gets covered.

All media outlets at MBS sell advertising for Boys State Bucks at prevailing rates determined by citizen media managers based on audience and readership measurement and demographics.

business owner.

IX. Journalism and Media

While the three branches of government have a system of con-stitutional and statutory checks and balances on one another, the media can serve as a “fourth estate” or an overall “watchdog” on the government and actions of various officials by keeping the public informed of officials’ decisions and the way they exercise their authority to carry out their responsibilities.

A democracy only works well when there is an informed citizen-ry, and most citizens rely on a well-functioning media to provide them the facts to stay abreast of their government and make crit-ical decisions when casting ballots in elections. The ability of the media to carry out this function without censorship and govern-ment interference is guaranteed by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reads:

“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a

redress of grievances.”

The free flow of information and encouragement of differing opin-ions is protected for the purpose of guaranteeing a free and open democracy where the government is accountable to its citizens. Journalists do bear a unique responsibility, then, to report news fully, accurately, and fairly. This means telling the truth, providing context, presenting all sides of a story fairly, and distinguishing between facts and opinions.

Just as in the real world, MBS has a thriving journalism and media program that serves a critical purpose in keeping MBS citizens informed of what is happening in their cities, counties, the House of Representatives and Senate, and the executive and judicial branches.

a. The Media at Missouri Boys State

MBS has three major media outlets:

1. The MBS Record is published daily newspaper beginning on Monday morning and ending on Friday morning.

2. KMBS Radio News radio airs nightly before lights out begin-ning on Monday night and ending on Friday night.

3. KMBS-TV News airs nightly following general assemblies beginning on Monday night and ending on Friday night.

Available positions include:

• MBS Record – editor-in-chief, managing editor, business man-ager, city editor, reports, advertising account managers

• KMBS Radio News – general manager, news director, advertis-ing manager, social media manager, anchors, reporters, advertis-ing account managers

• KMBS-TV News – general manager, news director, advertising

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and whether less restrictive measures would have alleviated the threatened danger.

Defamation – Speech can also be limited in certain circumstances when it is used to falsely smear an individual’s reputation. There are two main categories of defamation:

• Libel – False statements that are recorded and published in print, video, audio, or other media.

• Slander – False statements that are spoken or gestured from one individual to another, but not recorded.

In either case, the courts put the burden of proof on the plaintiff (i.e., victim). When they write about public officials, journalists receive broad protection, even when they make honest mistakes. SCOTUS ruled unanimously that libel lawsuits against public figures must meet a higher standard of proof. Without such a rul-ing, journalists might become too fearful of being sued if they report certain stories—and they might suppress stories that are of public interest (New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 1964). SCOTUS has issued rulings about libel that differentiate between cases in-volving public figures and private individuals:

• Public figures (e.g., celebrities, elected or appointed officehold-ers) must meet a higher standard of proof called actual malice if they feel they have been libeled. It requires proving that either the speaker (e.g., journalist) knew his/her statement was false when saying it, or he/she acted with reckless disregard for the truth.

• Private individuals who believe they have been defamed only have to prove negligence to win a libel suit. This standard simply calls for proof that a speaker did not take “reasonable precau-tions” to verify a claim (Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 1974).

False light – Similar to defamation, false light refers to speech that is technically not false, but which portrays a private individual in a misleading way or without proper context. The mental or emo-tional well-being of the individual is at issue, such as offense or embarrassment. When the media reports on a matter of public interest and inadvertently casts false light on an individual, that individual’s speech is protected as long as the mistake did not demonstrate actual malice, meaning it was not intentional or reck-less (Time, Inc. v. Hill, 1967).

Parody – A caricature, parody, or satire of a public figure or public official is protected speech, even if it results in “emotional stress” to the public individual on the condition that it is recognizable as ridiculous or unbelievable to a reasonable individual (Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell, 1988).

Intellectual property – Copyrights, trademarks, and patents are examples of ideas, works, symbols, or speech that are owned by someone, which restricts how others can use them. In the U.S., the fair use doctrine allows for the right to limited use of copyrighted materials for purposes like reporting, academic research, criticism, and/or commentary. However, even journalists, when reporting on public figures and events, can be penalized for using core el-ements of intellectual property. For example, if journalists use a “substantial” portion of the source material, profit unfairly from the “individualized expression” of the original author, or depre-

c. The First Amendment

Free speech and freedom of the press can take many forms, so they are broadly protected by the First Amendment. The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) has ruled that this protec-tion extends not only to the printing press (e.g., traditional print newspapers), but also books, plays, movies, and video games. It in-cludes “every sort of publication which affords a vehicle of infor-mation and opinion,” according to former SCOTUS Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes (Lovell v. City of Griffin, 1938). The First Amendment draws no distinction between the rights of profes-sional journalists and the rights of “amateur” journalists, like those who publish their work on blogs and social media.

d. Limits on the First Amendment

There are, however, a variety of situations in which SCTOUS has determined that the protections of the First Amendment can be limited. This section briefly highlights some of those examples, which apply to life at MBS, too.

Incitement of violence – Speech which incites violence and/or crime is not protected. However, the speech has to meet two cri-teria to be prosecuted constitutionally. The crime that is advocat-ed must be both imminent and likely. This imminent lawless action standard was laid out by SCOTUS in Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969). For example, shouting “Fire!” in a crowded movie theatre would likely cause imminent harm to guests as they scrambled to flee. This example was made famous in 1919 by SCOTUS Justice Ol-iver Wendell Holmes, Jr. when he said, “The most stringent pro-tection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic.” However, both before and since the Brandenburg decision in 1969, the courts have applied a less rigorous standard when national security issues come into play (e.g., Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project, 2010).

“Fighting words” – Similar to incitement of violence, “fighting words” are a category of speech which directly insults a listener with words (e.g., derogatory epithets) that are broadly understood as likely to provoke violence (Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 1942). These words must target a listener personally and lack redeeming value.

Prior restraint – Perhaps no First Amendment protection is more secure than the media’s right to publish information free from government censorship. While public officials might wish to pre-vent newspapers, magazines, broadcast stations, and other news sources from publishing sensitive or embarrassing information, their ability to censor the media is extremely limited. Govern-ment censorship of speech before its publication is called prior re-straint. SCOTUS has repeatedly held that the government cannot restrict speech, including media, because of its content. However, prior restraint may occur when a judge is concerned about the effect of publicity on a defendant’s right to a fair trial or if the media is reporting on national security issues, such as troop move-ments. However, SCOTUS found that freedom of speech could be limited by the government only when there is a clear and present danger. SCOTUS did not define “clear and present danger,” so the courts must consider the content of the information censored

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or provide information in the future. Similarly, media managers might also enforce negative consequences on their employees if those employees pursue an investigation that is harmful to the media manager’s interests.

Free press and a fair trial – While guaranteed, the First Amend-ment rights of freedom of speech and freedom of the press are not absolute. The Sixth Amendment guarantees the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a public trial without unneces-sary delay, the right to an attorney, the right to an impartial jury of peers, the right to know who your accusers are, and the right to know the charges and evidence brought against you. Both the right to publish information about the criminal trial process and the right to receive a fair trial are equal and essential components in our society. The media and the judicial system are responsible for safeguarding these rights, and each must understand and re-spect the constitutional rights and responsibilities of the other for justice to be served. Journalists defend the public’s right to infor-mation about the criminal trial process while the judicial system is responsible for guaranteeing that information about a case, espe-cially inadmissible evidence or prior convictions, does not prevent a fair trial.

Shield laws – A shield law is a legal rule that protects journal-ists against the government requiring them to reveal confiden-tial sources or other information. Sometimes a prosecutor or law enforcement agency may demand a reporter’s notes or a source’s identity to aid a prosecution or investigation. Shield laws are de-signed to allow journalists to practice newsgathering to its fullest, and proponents of shield laws argue that there is a “chilling ef-fect” on information when journalists cannot guarantee that their sources will be protected from retaliation. The District of Colum-bia and 49 states have some level of protections from local and state agencies, but no federal law provides this protection.

Freedom of information/open meetings – Open records and meet-ings laws, often called “freedom of information” or “sunshine” laws, are a powerful tool for journalists and the public. Journalists gain useful insights into government operations at the local, state, and federal levels by examining records or attending meetings. The working documents and proceedings of a government agency can indicate, for example, how an agency, such as a local school board, will implement budget cuts or why a highway commission aban-doned plans to run a new highway along a particular route. The District of Columbia, all 50 states, and the federal government have enacted open records and meetings laws that guarantee ac-cess to government documents. These laws give the public, includ-ing journalists, the right to attend the meetings of commissions, councils, boards and other governmental bodies. Open records and meetings laws, though, vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

X. The Economy

An economy is any combination of people, institutions, and gov-ernmental agencies that take part in the production, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. There is an immeasurable number of economies that exist throughout the world, and we are almost always involved in economic activity. As consumers, we seek the best goods to fulfill our needs at the most affordable

ciate the market value of the original content (especially if this is intentional), they are at risk of being sued for plagiarism (Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises, 1985). The same principle applies to the broadcast rights of “performance” events, such as football games. A reporter cannot publish a recording of a performer’s act without permission, even if the event is of public interest (Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co., 1977). In the words of SCO-TUS Justice Byron White, doing so would unfairly infringe on the “economic incentive for [the performer] to make the invest-ment required to produce a performance of interest to the public.”

Obscenity – Obscenity describes a narrow range of unprotected speech which is sexual in nature, “patently offensive,” and lacking in redeeming qualities (Miller v. California, 1972).

The Miller Test is the legal framework used by the courts to de-termine whether this type of speech can be limited. It has three requirements, or prongs, which must be proven:

1. An average individual, applying contemporary adult commu-nity standards, finds that the speech, taken as a whole, appeals to prurient interests (e.g., an unhealthy interest in sex).

2. An average individual, applying contemporary adult com-munity standards, finds that the speech depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way.

3. An average individual finds that the speech, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.

The first two prongs refer to local “community standards,” which could differ depending on the community, while the third prong refers to a national standard of reasonableness.

Commercial speech – Commercial speech on behalf of a for-profit entity, such as advertisements, do not receive full protection from the First Amendment. This type of speech can be regulated if it concerns illegal activity, is misleading, or if a “substantial” gov-ernment interest exists and can be advanced within the narrow limits on commercial speech (Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission, 1980). For example, because of pub-lic health concerns, cigarette manufacturers are not permitted to advertise on television, radio, or billboards.

Hate speech – Hate speech is speech that is offensive to racial, ethnic, or religious groups. While this topic has been debated for decades, SCOTUS has, in recent years, consistently ruled against prohibitions on hate speech since they aim to regulate the content of speech rather than the manner of speech (R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, 1992). In the majority opinion of Snyder v. Phelps in 2011, SCOTUS Chief Justice John Roberts explained that as long as offensive speech does not incite violence or represent “fighting words,” it cannot be limited.

Speech and consequences – The First Amendment only restricts the U.S. government’s ability to limit freedom of speech and freedom of the press. In other words, if a journalist publishes an opinion ar-ticle criticizing a state public official, the state government cannot simply jail the journalist. However, the media and private individ-uals can still face private consequences for their free speech. For example, the journalist who authored a critical opinion article may find that state officials are less likely to answer the journalist’s calls

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and it will be paid for only by those who enjoy its use.

Governments must look for answers to these debates and deter-mine the best resolution, keeping the needs of the many different and often competing groups in mind. Though evaluating these needs is the primary task of governments, in an effective democra-cy it is important for all citizens to be informed about these issues and make informed decisions concerning them.

The services that governments choose to provide their citizens cost money. In order to pay for spending, governments must earn revenue, which is often accomplished through taxation and fees, such as establishing personal and business income taxes, tickets and fines, and licensing fees. Since every MBS citizen pays taxes, every citizen is encouraged to engage in debates about the types and amounts of taxation and how tax dollars are allocated and spent. The responsible use of tax dollars is a critical function of any level of government, from a city council to the General Assembly. At MBS, there are two major categories of government spending: governmental employee salaries (e.g., elected and appointed offi-cials) and grants to fund infrastructure investment, development of parks, and special projects (e.g., creating a MBS Capital City, running the MBS State Fair, etc.).

To organize spending and revenue, each city and county at MBS is required to complete a budget and submit a financial report to the Secretary of State at the end of the week. Each Mayor and Presiding County Commissioner will be issued the appropriate budget documentation and instructions following election. The Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and State Auditor will be in-volved in reviewing these budgets and financial reports for inclu-sion in determining the Model City and Model County awards. In addition, the General Assembly, in consultation with the MBS Governor, develops a budget for the state government, which of-ten totals around 250,000 Boys State Bucks. While government spending at MBS is much more simplistic than the real world, the decisions you make during the week, as a citizen and/or public official, will affect the overall functioning of the MBS economy.

b. The Use of “Money”

Money is used at MBS in many of the same ways it is used in the real world. Citizens are paid in Boys State Bucks for working for private businesses, other citizens, or governments. Citizens use their money for expenses, such as purchasing additional goods or services, paying taxes, purchasing required business licenses. Some specific examples of expenses include: purchasing goods or ser-vices from fellow citizens, paying taxes, fines, and fees; donating to political campaigns; buying MBS Lottery tickets; purchasing advertising from MBS media outlets (e.g., MBS Record, KMBS Radio News, KMBS-TV News).

As mentioned above, one common way MBS citizens spend their money is by making donations to help finance political campaigns. Campaign financing is a key issue in politics. Political parties at MBS are encouraged to seek donations and participate in fund raising to help finance campaigns for candidates and platform is-sues. In the past, the methods of seeking donations and the use of funds have caused rigorous debates among citizens. Political party

prices. As producers, we earn a wage by generating goods and ser-vices that will be consumed by others, and oftentimes we act as an intermediary matching production with consumption. Because of its broad definition and wide reaching grasp, the economy plays a big role in the decisions we make.

At MBS, our goal is to establish the most realistic state economy possible. At the beginning of the week, each MBS citizen is given an equal quantity of Boys State Bucks, the official currency of MBS. Citizens use this money to pay taxes, campaign for office, set up businesses, and purchase goods or services from other MBS busi-nesses. How citizens use their Boys State Bucks throughout the week can be very important. It may be harder to campaign and win an election later in the week if a citizen spent all his money at local businesses early in the week. However, stimulating the economy early in the week and meeting future constituents may be part of a winning campaign strategy. It is up to each citizen to decide how to spend his money. Throughout the program, each citizen will be faced with economic decisions.

a. The Role and Influence of Government on the Economy

The U.S. economy is considered to be a mixed economy, meaning that private enterprise and governments share control of the fac-tors of production (e.g., land, labor, capital). For example, gov-ernments may control some infrastructure (e.g., public utilities) and social services (e.g., Medicare) and also create laws, rules, and regulations restricting markets (e.g., to prevent monopolies). In some cases, governments may loosen rules and regulations to per-mit competition to control supply and demand, such as the dereg-ulation of U.S. airlines or energy suppliers. From this angle, the U.S. is more of a market economy where goods and services are provided based on supply and demand. What remains, though, is that governments serve a critical role in ensuring a well-function-ing and growing economy. MBS follows a similar structure, but operates on a smaller scale.

Many people agree that governments should collect tax dollars and use that money to provide for agreed upon needs of their citizens. However, there is much debate about just how much the government should provide for its citizens. There are several reasons for disagreement about how governments should spend money. First, not everyone agrees on the specifics of what specific goods or services governments should provide. Second, not every-one agrees on what are the most efficient or economical ways to spend tax dollars to meet these needs. Government must always consider the safety and well-being and its citizens when making these decisions.

For further clarification, let’s look at a common example of how the government spends tax dollars: the building and maintenance of roadways. Some argue it makes the most sense for a govern-ment to provide free roads for use by its citizens. Certainly, the government spending to do so will provide jobs for people build-ing and maintaining these roads as well as a free road on which citizens can travel. Others argue that privately constructed toll roads are more appropriate as a private construction company can build and maintain the road more cheaply than the government

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regulating businesses), the media and/or your fellow citizens may point out a potential conflict of interest, forcing you to respond and take action.

d. Opening and Operating a Business at Missouri Boys State

Citizens are encouraged to participate in the MBS economy by opening and operating profitable businesses. Owning and operat-ing a business can be a fulfilling and rewarding way to enjoy your time at MBS, but the road to profitability is not always an easy one. The first step you must take is deciding what type of business you want to operate. In the real world, there are often three main types of businesses: manufacturing or production, retail, and ser-vice. Service businesses are the fastest growing type of business in the U.S. and the most common type of business at MBS. This type of business provides consumers with a level of expertise in a selected field or profession, such as a lawyer offering legal services for clients or a lobbyist offering advocacy services for cities and counties.

Before deciding to start your business, you should first develop a business plan. This helps guide your thinking and keeps you fo-cused. In addition, a business plan shows outside investors and banks the mission of your business and how you intend to realize the mission. At MBS, you do not need to develop an entire busi-ness plan, but you will need to create an executive summary that describes what business you plan to open and how you plan to operate it.

A key element with this summary is identifying funding sources. At MBS, funding often comes from your own pocket with your Boys State Bucks, but some business owners secure investment commitments from fellow citizens. Once you have secured mon-ey to operate, your focus then shifts to accounting for how you use those funds. Indeed, two main issues you will face are paying your expenses (e.g., salaries, taxes, rent) and collecting revenue (e.g., issuing invoices). An important decision at this stage is deciding how much to charge for your goods or services in order to cover your expenses and generate enough revenue to either break even or make a profit.

After you have created your business plan, your next task is to market your business. Marketing is one of the most vital areas a new business must focus on—it covers advertising, logistics, trans-portation, product production, and product lifecycles. At MBS, the primary use of marketing your business is to generate a cus-tomer base to provide a revenue stream so you can pay for ex-penses and, hopefully, make a profit. Business owners can take out advertisements, often in MBS media outlets (e.g., MBS Record, KMBS Radio News, KMBS-TV News) or by putting up fliers and word-of-mouth. If you do post fliers, ensure the city or county permits business owners to advertise. If not, you could be subject to a fine or lawsuit.

Freedom is given to business owners to determine which busi-nesses they open and how they run them. However, business own-

leaders, starting with the Ward Committeemen, will be involved in developing these specific policies. City Committees, County Committees, and State Central Committees are encouraged to se-lect a Finance Chairman, who will help implement the campaign financing plans developed by each committee. Lobbyists also play an important role trying to influence politics. Lobbyists are paid by individuals, business, or organizations (e.g., non-profits, inter-est groups) to work with public officials to create, pass, or modify laws that advance the interests of their clients. Lobbyists typically have negative reputations, but in many cases, this is undeserved. They are often critical linchpins in the policymaking process that ensure the interests of many individuals and groups are represent-ed when public officials make decisions.

Financial issues can become major parts of political campaigns at MBS, so candidates for elected or appointed office should be prepared to answer questions and present their views on issues including business growth, taxation, campaign financing, plans for spending money, and salaries of elected and appointed officials. As an MBS citizen, you are encouraged to ask candidates questions about financial issues since their future votes may have a direct influence on your MBS pocketbook.

c. Businesses at Missouri Boys State

Business plays an important role in our society. This is also true at MBS. All citizens have the opportunity to open a business and participate in the rewarding experience of building their own en-terprise. Businesses provide many benefits to the community, such as employment for citizens and a social network for employees. One of the most important roles they have at MBS is serving as the largest vehicle for growth in the MBS economy.

MBS often has a thriving business community, from non-perma-nent marker tattoo parlors to duct tape wallet emporiums. How-ever, the degree to which businesses thrive during your session of MBS is up to you and your fellow citizens. When you produce goods or services that your fellow citizens want to buy, you are driving the MBS economy.

A business can be defined as an organization operated with the objective of making a profit from the sale of goods or services. The Missouri Boys State Constitution and Revised Statutes of Mis-souri Boys State (RSMBS) allow for citizens to establish business-es in the forms of corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships. The typical business model at MBS is the sole proprietorship. The owner/proprietor performs the primary activity of the business.

Business owners at MBS may also serve their communities by engaging in acts of charity or establishing voluntary groups such as a local Chamber of Commerce, and governmental or political positions. Many business owners may find it necessary to be active in politics at MBS. They may need to advocate for laws, rules, and regulations that are beneficial to their businesses and the business community as a whole. Also keep in mind that many business owners serve their communities by holding civic, governmental, or political positions. Be mindful of conflicts of interest, though. For example, if you operate a business and are then elected Secre-tary of State (the statewide constitutional officer responsible for

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ers should always operate in compliance with the Missouri Boys State Constitution, RSMBS, and laws of the counties and cities in which they reside and/or conduct business. Those business owners who do not comply may be subject to criminal and/or civil litiga-tion. Business owners are responsible for obtaining appropriate licensing for their businesses and then operating their businesses in an ethical manner. All businesses are required to register with the Secretary of State and file daily economic performance reports (e.g., revenue, profit, loss, and taxes paid). Some cities and counties may have ordinances requiring local registration of businesses, too, so business owners should speak with their city and county clerks to ensure they are abiding by all the necessary rules and regula-tions for compliant operation.

Businesses run by citizens in your city and county are important factors in determining the Model City and Model County awards. Businesses are assessed by factors such as creativity, profitability, and adherence to the appropriate ethical and financial require-ments. This includes paying appropriate salaries to employees and other businesses. In addition, one business owner will receive rec-ognition on the last day of MBS as the Most Outstanding Busi-ness owner.

If your schedule permits, we encourage you to attend a business workshop or the Commerce School to learn more about how businesses operate at MBS and whether you should start one.

XI. Final Points

While this chapter discussed the major structures of MBS, your experience during the week is what you make of it. The structures provide you with an initial foundation with which to use to shape your actions, which are only bound by your creativity and desire to engage fully. If you fully apply your passion to the program and help ignite change within your city, county, and the state, MBS can become your own personal leadership laboratory. In fact, that is just what we encourage you to do!

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Chapter 4

What Can I Do at Missouri Boys State?

At Missouri Boys State, there are hundreds of opportunities for you to get engaged by running for a position, being appointed to a position, opening up your own business, or working for an MBS media outlet. Since you’re only with us for eight days, our schedule moves things along quickly upon your arrival. To help you plan your active participation during the week, this chapter provides a comprehensive list of many of the positions available at MBS.

We have listed positions in multiple ways to help you understand and plan:

1. All Govermental and Political Positions by Level – This is a simple listing of governmental and political positions broken down by the level at which they serve: ward, city, county, or state. Remember that you can hold only one governmental position at a time, but you can hold multiple political posi-tions simultaneously. Positions that do not fall into the gov-ernmental or political categories are listed at the end of this listing.

2. All Positions by School of Instruction – Many positions require you to attend a specific school of instruction, often because citizens perform the position’s duties during class periods. Others are recommended since a particular school of instruction covers relevant information related to the posi-tion. For positions that do not require attendance at a school of instruction, you are welcome to attend any one of the seven schools of instruction from Sunday to Tuesday.

3. All Positions by Chronological Order – This is a simple listing that organizes position names by the day of the week when positions are either elected or appointed. Some elected positions have both (a) a caucus meeting for candidate selec-tion and (b) a general election or (a) a primary election and (b) a general election. Some positions are selected starting the very first day. When you see “Saturday” in this chapter, that means the first Saturday—the day you arrive.

4. Position Glossary – The fourth listing is a glossary of all po-sitions organized alphabetically. This glossary includes posi-tion name, position description, position type, recommended/required school of instruction, caucus/primary election day, and general election, appointment, or application deadline day.

The first three listings just note position names. The fourth listing provides more detailed information about many of the positions available at MBS. If a position in one of the first three listings catches your eye, be sure to learn more about it in the fourth list-ing.

I. Governmental and Political Positions by Level

This listing organizes position names by level and sphere. Re-member that an MBS citizen may hold only one governmental position at any one time, but may hold more than one political position at any one time (across all levels, too).

WardGovernmental Positions Political Positions

• None • Ward Committeeman

CityGovernmental Positions Political Positions

• Assistant City Attorney• Assistant City Clerk• Assistant Clerk of the Munic-

ipal Court• Assistant Health Commis-

sioner• Beverage Commissioner• Chief of Police• City Attorney• City Clerk• City Councilman• City Lobbyist• City Manager• City Treasurer• Community Service Coordi-

nator• Fire Chief• Fireman• Health Commissioner• House of Representatives• Mayor• Municipal Court Clerk• Municipal Judge• Parks and Recreation Com-

missioner• Policeman• Senator• City Employee

• City Party Chairman• City Party Secretary• City Party Vice-Chairman• Delegate to County Commit-

tee• Delegate to State Convention

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• GSO Employee• Highway Patrol Colonel• Highway Patrol Lieutenant

Colonel• Highway Patrol Trooper• House Assistant Clerk• House Assistant Door Keeper• House Assistant Majority

Leader• House Assistant Minority

Leader• House Caucus Chairman• House Caucus Secretary• House Chaplain• House Chief Clerk• House Committee Chairman• House Committee

Vice-Chairman• House Doorkeeper• House Legislative Assistants• House Majority Leader• House Majority Whip• House Minority Leader• House Minority Whip• House Sergeant-at-Arms• House Speaker Pro-Tem• Legislative Director - Depart-

ment of Agriculture, Conser-vation, and Natural Resources

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Economic Develop-ment

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Health

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Labor

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Public Safety

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Revenue

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Transportation

• Legislative Director - Gover-nor’s Office

• Lieutenant Governor• Lottery Agent• Lottery Director• Press Secretary - Governor’s

Office• Secretary of State• Senate Assistant Door Keeper• Senate Assistant Majority

Leader• Senate Assistant Minority

Leader• Senate Assistant Secretary• Senate Caucus Chairman• Senate Caucus Secretary• Senate Chaplain• Senate Committee Chairman• Senate Committee

Vice-Chairman• Senate Doorkeeper• Senate Legislative Assistant• Senate Majority Leader• Senate Majority Whip

CountyGovernmental Positions Political Positions

• Assistant County Prosecutor• Assistant Prosecuting Attorney• Associate Circuit Court Clerk• Associate Circuit Court Judge• Circuit Court Clerk• Circuit Court Judge• County Clerk• County Commissioner• County Prosecuting Attorney• County Treasurer• Deputy Circuit Clerk• Deputy County Clerk• Deputy Sheriff• Presiding County Commis-

sioner• Sheriff• County Employee

• County Committee Chairman• County Committee Secretary• County Committee

Vice-Chairman

StateGovernmental Positions Political Positions

• Assistant Attorney General• Attorney General• Budget Director - Governor’s

Office• Business Services Clerk• Capitol Police Officer• Chief Justice of the Supreme

Court• Chief of Capitol Police• Chief of Staff - Governor’s

Office• Department of Health In-

spector• Department of Labor Inves-

tigator• Department of Revenue Tax

Agent• Deputy Attorney General• Deputy Fire Marshal• Director of Agriculture,

Conservation, and Natural Resources

• Director of Business Services• Director of Economic Devel-

opment• Director of Emergency Man-

agement• Director of Gaming• Director of Health• Director of Labor• Director of Public Safety• Director of Revenue• Director of Transportation• Economic Development

Specialist• Emergency Management

Specialist• Gaming Commissioner• General Counsel - Governor’s

Office• Governor• GSO Commissioner

• State Central Committee Chairman

• State Central Committee Secretary

• State Central Committee Sergeant-at-Arms

• State Central Committee Treasurer

• State Central Committee Vice-Chairman

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• State Central Committee Chairman• State Central Committee Secretary• State Central Committee Sergeant-at-Arms• State Central Committee Treasurer• State Central Committee Vice-Chairman• State Treasurer

Commerce School• Business Owner• Business Services Clerk• Chamber of Commerce President*• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Operations*• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Finance*• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Administrative Affairs*• Chamber of Commerce Regional Director of Membership Devel-

opment*• Director of Gaming• Economic Development Specialist• Gaming Commissioner• GSO Commissioner• GSO Employee• Lottery Agent

Journalism and Media School• Advertising Manager - KMBS Radio*• Advertising Manager - KMBS-TV News*• Business Manager - MBS Record*• City Editor - MBS Record*• Editor-in-Chief - MBS Record*• General Manager - KMBS Radio*• General Manager - KMBS-TV News*• Managing Editor - MBS Record*• News Director - KMBS Radio*• News Director - KMBS-TV News*• Social Media Manager - KMBS Radio*• Social Media Manager - KMBS-TV News*

Law School• Assistant Attorney General*• Assistant City Attorney*• Assistant Clerk of the Municipal Court• Assistant County Prosecutor*• Assistant Prosecuting Attorney*• Associate Circuit Court Clerk• Associate Circuit Court Judge*• Attorney General*• Chief Justice of the Supreme Court*• Circuit Court Clerk• Circuit Court Judge*• City Attorney*• County Prosecuting Attorney*• Deputy Attorney General*• Deputy Circuit Clerk• General Counsel - Governor’s Office*• Municipal Court Clerk• Municipal Judge*• Supreme Court Justice*

• Senate Minority Leader• Senate Minority Whip• Senate President Pro-Tem• Senate Secretary• Senate Sergeant-at-Arms• Speaker of the House• State Auditor• State Fire Marshal• State Treasurer• Supreme Court Justice• Supreme Court Selection

Commission Member

Positions that are Neither Governmental or Political• Advertising Manager - KMBS Radio• Advertising Manager - KMBS-TV News• Assistant Athletic Director• Assistant Beverage Commissioner• Athletic Director• Athletics Commissioner• Bugler• Business Manager - MBS Record• Business Owner• Chamber of Commerce President• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Operations• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Finance• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Administrative Affairs• Chamber of Commerce Director of Legislative Affairs• Chamber of Commerce Regional Director of Membership Devel-

opment• Color Guard• Color Guard Commander• Editor-in-Chief - MBS Record• General Manager - KMBS Radio• General Manager - KMBS-TV News• News Director - KMBS Radio• News Director - KMBS-TV News• City Editor - MBS Record• Managing Editor - MBS Record• Social Media Manager - KMBS Radio• Social Media Manager - KMBS-TV News

II. Position Names by Recommended or Re-quired School of Instruction

For this listing, (*) denotes positions that require attendance at a certain school of instruction. Positions with no recommended or required for a school of instruction are located at the end of this listing.

Campaigning and Political Operations School• City Party Chairman• City Party Secretary• City Party Vice-Chairman• County Committee Chairman• County Committee Secretary• County Committee Vice-Chairman• Governor• Lieutenant Governor• Secretary of State• State Auditor

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• Senate Legislative Assistants• Senate Assistant Majority Leader*• Senate Assistant Minority Leader*• Senate Assistant Secretary*• Senate Caucus Chairman*• Senate Caucus Secretary*• Senate Committee Chairman*• Senate Committee Vice-Chairman*• Senate Majority Leader*• Senate Majority Whip*• Senate Minority Leader*• Senate Minority Whip*• Senate President Pro-Tem*• Senate Secretary*• Senator*• Speaker of the House*

Public Administration School• Assistant City Clerk• Assistant Health Commissioner• City Clerk• City Councilman• City Manager• City Treasurer• County Clerk• County Commissioner• County Treasurer• Deputy County Clerk• Health Commissioner• Mayor• Parks & Recreation Commissioner• Presiding County Commissioner

Citizen Choice(No Required or Recommended School of Instruction)

• Assistant Athletic Director• Assistant Beverage Commissioner• Athletic Director• Athletics Commissioner• Beverage Commissioner• Bugler• City Employee• Color Guard• Color Guard Commander• Community Service Coordinator• County Employee• Delegate to County Committee• Delegate to State Convention• Director of Emergency Management• Emergency Management Specialist• Supreme Court Selection Commission• Ward Committeeman

Law Enforcement School• Capitol Police Officer• Chief of Police• Deputy Fire Marshal• Deputy Sheriff• Fire Chief• Fireman• Highway Patrol Colonel*• Highway Patrol Lieutenant Colonel*• Highway Patrol Trooper*• Policeman• Sheriff• State Fire Marshal

Legislative and Executive Policy School• Budget Director - Governor’s Office*• Chief of Staff - Governor’s Office*• City Lobbyist*• Chamber of Commerce Director of Legislative Affairs*• Department of Health Inspector• Department of Labor Investigator• Department of Revenue Tax Agent• Director of Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources*• Director of Business Services*• Director of Economic Development*• Director of Health*• Director of Labor*• Director of Public Safety*• Director of Revenue*• Director of Transportation*• House Assistant Clerk*• House Assistant Door Keeper• House Assistant Majority Leader*• House Assistant Minority Leader*• House Caucus Chairman*• House Caucus Secretary*• House Chaplain• House Chief Clerk*• House Committee Chairman*• House Committee Vice-Chairman*• House Doorkeeper• House Legislative Assistants• House Majority Leader*• House Majority Whip*• House Minority Leader*• House Minority Whip*• House of Representatives*• House Sergeant-at-Arms• House Speaker Pro-Tem*• Legislative Director - Department of Agriculture, Conservation &

Natural Resources*• Legislative Director - Department of Economic Development*• Legislative Director - Department of Health*• Legislative Director - Department of Labor*• Legislative Director - Department of Public Safety*• Legislative Director - Department of Revenue*• Legislative Director - Department of Transportation*• Legislative Director - Governor’s Office*• Lottery Director*• Press Secretary - Governor’s Office*• Senate Assistant Door Keeper• Senate Chaplain • Senate Doorkeeper• Senate Sergeant-at-Arms

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• Director of Transportation a

• Editor-in-Chief - MBS Record

a

• General Counsel - Governor’s Office a

• General Manager - KMBS Radio a

• General Manager - KMBS-TV News a

• Highway Patrol Colonel a

• Highway Patrol Lieutenant Colonel a

• Highway Patrol Trooper a

• House Chief Clerk a

• Legislative Director - Gover-nor’s Office a

• Lottery Director a

• Press Secretary - Governor’s Office a

• Senate Secretary a

• State Fire Marshal a

• Supreme Court Selection Commission a

Day 2 - SundayPositions with a Caucus

Meeting Selection or Primary Election

Positions with a General Elec-tion or Appointment/Applica-

tion Deadline• City Attorney c

• City Treasurer c

• City Clerk c

• City Councilman (at-large) c

• Mayor c

• Municipal Judge c

• Senator c

• House of Representatives c

• Advertising Manager - KMBS Radio a

• Advertising Manager - KMBS-TV News a

• Assistant City Attorney a

• Assistant City Clerk a

• Assistant Clerk of the Munici-pal Court a

• Assistant Health Commis-sioner a

• Athletics Commissioner g

• Business Manager - MBS Record a

• Capitol Police Officer a

• Chief of Capitol Police a

• Chief of Police a

• City Attorney g

• City Clerk g

• City Councilman g

• City Editor - MBS Record a

• City Lobbyist a

• City Manager a

• City Treasurer g

• Community Service Coordi-nator a

• County Committee Chairmang

• County Committee Secretary g

• County Committee Vice-Chairman g

• Fire Chief a

• Fireman a

• GSO Commissioner a

• GSO Employee a

• Health Commissioner a

• House of Representatives g

• Lottery Agent a

III. Chronological Order of Positions by Day of Election, Appointment, or Application Deadline

For this listing, the left-hand column lists positions that have at some point during the listed day either (a) a caucus meeting where candidates are selected by a political party to run in a gen-eral election, or (b) a primary election. The right-hand column lists positions that have at some point during the listed day either (a) a general election, (b) appointment deadline, or (c) application deadline. The following abbreviations are used in this listing:

• C – caucus meeting selection• P – primary election• G – general election• A – appointment/application deadline

Day 1 - SaturdayPositions with a Caucus



tion Deadline• City Councilman (by Ward) c

• Delegate to County Commit-tee c

• Delegate to State Convention c

• Ward Committeeman c

• Assistant Athletic Director a

• Assistant Beverage Commis-sioner a

• Athletic Director a

• Beverage Commissioner a

• Budget Director - Governor’s Office a

• Bugler a

• Chamber of Commerce Pres-ident a

• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Operations a

• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Finance a

• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Administrative Affairs a

• Chamber of Commerce Direc-tor of Legislative Affairs a

• Chamber of Commerce Re-gional Director of Membership Development a

• Chief of Staff - Governor’s Office a

• City Party Chairman g

• City Party Secretary g

• City Party Vice-Chairman g

• Color Guard a

• Color Guard Commander a

• Deputy Attorney General a

• Director of Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources a

• Director of Business Services a

• Director of Economic Devel-opment a

• Director of Emergency Man-agement a

• Director of Gaming a

• Director of Health a

• Director of Labor a

• Director of Public Safety a

• Director of Revenue a

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• House Sergeant-at-Arms a

• House Speaker Pro-Tem g*

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Agriculture, Conser-vation & Natural Resources a

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Economic Develop-ment a

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Health a

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Labor a

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Public Safety a

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Revenue a

• Legislative Director - Depart-ment of Transportation a

• Senate Assistant Door Keeper a

• Senate Assistant Majority Leader g*

• Senate Assistant Minority Leader g*

• Senate Assistant Secretary a*

• Senate Caucus Chairman g*

• Senate Caucus Secretary g*

• Senate Chaplain a

• Senate Committee Chairman a*

• Senate Committee Vice-Chairman a*

• Senate Doorkeeper a

• Senate Legislative Assistants a

• Senate Majority Leader g*

• Senate Majority Whip g*

• Senate Minority Leader g*

• Senate Minority Whip g*

• Senate President Pro-Tem g*

• Senate Sergeant-at-Arms a

• Speaker of the House g*

* denotes a position that is elected or appointed within either the MBS Senate and MBS House of Representatives, which requires election as a Senator or Representative on Sunday.

Day 4 - TuesdayPositions with a Caucus



tion Deadline• None • Assistant County Prosecutor a

• Assistant Prosecuting Attorney

a

• Associate Circuit Court Clerk a

• Circuit Court Clerk g

• County Prosecuting Attorney g

• Associate Circuit Court Judge g

• Circuit Court Judge g

• Sheriff g

• County Treasurer g

• County Clerk g

• County Commissioner g

• Presiding County Commis-sioner g

• Deputy Circuit Clerk a

• Managing Editor - MBS Record a

• Mayor g

• Municipal Court Clerk a

• Municipal Judge g

• News Director - KMBS Radioa

• News Director - KMBS-TV News a

• Parks & Recreation Commis-sioner a

• Policeman a

• Senator g

• Social Media Manager - KMBS Radio a

• Social Media Manager - KMBS-TV News a

• State Central Committee Chairman g

• State Central Committee Secretary g

• State Central Committee Sergeant-at-Arms g

• State Central Committee Treasurer g

• State Central Committee Vice-Chairman g

• Supreme Court Justice a

Day 3 - MondayPositions with a Caucus



tion Deadline• Associate Circuit Court Judge c

• Circuit Court Clerk c

• Circuit Court Judge c

• County Clerk c

• County Commissioner c

• County Prosecuting Attorney c

• County Treasurer c

• Presiding County Commis-sioner c

• Sheriff c

• Assistant Attorney General a

• Business Services Clerk a

• Department of Health Inspec-tor a

• Department of Labor Investi-gator a

• Department of Revenue Tax Agent a

• Deputy Fire Marshal a

• Economic Development Specialist a

• Emergency Management Specialist a

• Gaming Commissioner a

• House Assistant Clerk a

• House Assistant Door Keeper a

• House Assistant Majority Leader g*

• House Assistant Minority Leader g*

• House Caucus Chairman g*

• House Caucus Secretary g*

• House Chaplain a

• House Committee Chairman a*

• House Committee Vice-Chairman a*

• House Doorkeeper a

• House Legislative Assistants a

• House Majority Leader g*

• House Majority Whip g*

• House Minority Leader g*

• House Minority Whip g*

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setting the budget, directing the advertisement schedule, planning and creating advertising guidelines, and directing advertising ac-count managers to sell advertising space. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Journalism (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sun-day.

• Assistant Athletic Director – This position assists the Athletic Director with scheduling and strategizing as needed, and if nec-essary, serves in his place if he is indisposed in meetings. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Assistant Attorney General – This position represents the Governor and the executive branch in any legal action, represents the state in criminal prosecutions in special circumstances at the request of local prosecutors, and is hired by the Deputy Attorney General. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of In-struction: Law (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Assistant Beverage Commissioner – This position performs the duties of the Beverage Commissioner in his absence. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Assistant City Attorney – This position shoulders some of the City Attorney’s Case Load and assists in research and preparation for major cases. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Assistant City Clerk – This position assists the City Clerk in managing City Records and preparing the City Report. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Assistant Clerk of the Municipal Court – This position assists the Clerk of the Municipal Court as needed. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Assistant County Prosecutor – This position shoulders some of the County Prosecuting Attorney’s Case Load and assists in research and preparation for major cases. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• Assistant Health Commissioner – This position works in conjunction with the Health Commissioner to ensure cities are operating up to MBS Health Code, they are able to write cita-tions to individuals who violate these laws and other related city ordinances. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Assistant Prosecuting Attorney – This position stands in for Prosecuting Attorney when multiple dockets are to be covered at the same time. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• Associate Circuit Court Clerk – This position maintains de-tailed and organized records of all court proceedings to ensure

• Deputy County Clerk a

• Deputy Sheriff a

Day 5 - WednesdayPositions with a Caucus



tion Deadline• Attorney General p

• Governor p

• Lieutenant Governor p

• Secretary of State p

• State Auditor p

• State Treasurer p

• None

Day 6 - ThursdayPositions with a Caucus



tion Deadline• None • Chief Justice of the Supreme

Court g

• Attorney General g

• Governor g

• Lieutenant Governor g

• Secretary of State g

• State Auditor g

• State Treasurer g

• Supreme Court Justice g

Outside of select special cases (e.g., election or appointment of city, county, or state employees by your fellow citizens), no po-sitions are elected or appointed on Day 7 (Friday) or Day 8 (the second Saturday). You will be made aware of such special cases as they arise, though.

IV. Position Glossary

This listing offers the following information for each position:

• Position Name• Position Description• Position Level (if applicable)• Position Type (if applicable)• Recommended or Required School of Instruction• Caucus Meeting Day or Primary Election Day (abbreviated “C/

PE Day”)• General Election Day, Appointment Day, or Application Deadline

Day (abbreviated “GE/Appt./App. Day”)

Positions

• Advertising Manager - KMBS Radio – This position is re-sponsible for earning revenue for KMBS Radio news. Set budget, direct advertising schedule, plan and create advertising guidelines, and direct advertising account managers to sell advertising space. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Journalism (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Advertising Manager - KMBS-TV News – This position is re-sponsible for earning revenue for KMBS-TV News. This includes

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tion: Journalism (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Business Owner – This position drives the economies of their cities, counties, and state. Their business ideas and innovations are only limited by their imagination and securing enough funding to get it off the ground. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Commerce (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Any.

• Business Services Clerk – This position processes business li-censes and collects license fees. Level: State. Position Type: Gov-ernmental. School of Instruction: Commerce (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Capitol Police Officer – This position is hired by the Chief of Capitol Police to assist in securing and protecting the MBS Cap-itol (Ward Edwards Building). Level: State. Position Type: Gov-ernmental. School of Instruction: Law Enforcement (Recommend-ed). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Chamber of Commerce President – This position is respon-sible for the overall performance and realizing the mission of the MBS Chamber of Commerce. Level: State. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Commerce (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Operations – This position is responsible for the MBS Chamber of Commerce’s op-erations at the state, county, and city levels. Level: State. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Commerce (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Finance – This po-sition is responsible for raising and managing funds for the MBS Chamber of Commerce. Level: State. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Commerce (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Chamber of Commerce Vice President of Administrative Af-fairs – This position is responsible for recording the actions and decisions of the MBS Chamber of Commerce along with taking minutes of meetings. Level: State. Position Type: Job. School of In-struction: Commerce (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Chamber of Commerce Director of Legislative Affairs – This position is responsible for coordinating and executing the MBS Chamber of Commerce’s legislative strategy. Level: State. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Commerce (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Chamber of Commerce Regional Director of Membership Development – This position is responsible for regional MBS Chamber of Commerce member recruitment and advocacy. Lev-el: State. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Commerce (Re-quired). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Chief Justice of the Supreme Court – This position serves as the presiding judge of the MBS Supreme Court when it is in ses-sion and is elected among the membership of the Court. The Su-preme Court Justice receiving the largest number of “retain” votes in Thursday’s General Election will serve as Chief Justice. Lev-el: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law

other courts and/or appeals are able to refer back to accurate doc-umentation in the future. They handle criminal cases exclusively. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• Associate Circuit Court Judge – This position presides over all county level cases and appeals that fall in the realm of criminal ac-tion. They ensure a fair trial for all parties. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Required). C/PE Day: Monday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• Athletic Director – This position is responsible for coordinat-ing the city’s efforts to successfully compete in the MBS Olym-piad Athletic Competition. Their duties include putting together the most effective teams possible throughout the week, and strat-egizing to ensure the best chance of victory. There is also an Assis-tant Athletic Director who assists in these duties. Level: City. Po-sition Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Athletics Commissioner – This position is elected by the City Athletic Directors to oversee the MBS Olympiad, the state-wide athletics program. Level: State. Position Type: Job. School of In-struction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Attorney General – This position is the legal adviser to all state officials and agencies and represents MBS in all suits or legal ac-tions to which the state is a party in the Supreme Court. Lev-el: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Required). C/PE Day: Wednesday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Thurs-day.

• Beverage Commissioner – This position is responsible for keeping the city mini-fridge stocked throughout the week. They are trusted with keeping the fridge in their room and keeping an eye on the real money used to purchase beverages. There is also an Assistant Beverage Commissioner who performs these duties in his absence. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Budget Director - Governor’s Office – This position coordi-nates with the chief of staff and department directors to develop the administration’s budget recommendation, testifies in front of the General Assembly regarding the budget recommendation. This position also testifies in front of the General Assembly re-garding the budget recommendation and advises department directors regarding any budget restrictions or other actions nec-essary to keep the budget in balance. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Bugler – This position is any citizen musician selected to pro-vide music to reveille, retreat, and other MBS ceremonies. Lev-el: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Business Manager - MBS Record – This position is responsi-ble for managing The Record’s business side, organizing the sale advertisements, and ensuring the revenue necessary to make the paper sustainable is available. Position Type: Job. School of Instruc-

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city and enacts city level legislation resulting in various laws and ordinances. They are comprised of 8 Council Members (3 Ward Councilmen and 5 At-large Councilmen) with the Mayor serv-ing as a tie-breaking vote. They have the opportunity to set and shape the vision of their city in an extremely direct manner. Lev-el: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). C/PE Day: Sunday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• City Editor - MBS Record – This position is responsible for coordinating activities and reports from the City Reporters and ensures that each MBS city is represented in every issue of The MBS Record. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Journalism (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• City Employee – This position is an opportunity for citizens to truly make the program “Their Boys State” by creating a position with responsibilities specific to the needs of a city. The Mayor or City Council may appoint or call for an election for the created position. Level: City. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Any.

• City Lobbyist – This position is the city’s chief voice for the MBS General Assembly and is responsible for advocating the city’s needs and concerns to appropriate representatives and sen-ators with the goal of persuading them to support legislation that positively influences the city. Level: City. Position Type: Govern-mental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• City Manager – In a situation where the Mayor of a City decides they are better suited for their figurehead role, and that someone else would make for a better CEO, they can opt for the “City Manager” style of government. A City Manager carries out the day-to-day Mayoral duties while the Mayor focuses on be-ing a figurehead and emphasizing relations with other cities and counties. They run meetings, set strategic visions, and create plans to achieve the city’s goals. Level: City. Position Type: Governmen-tal. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• City Party Chairman – The duties of this position are similar to those of a ward committeeman (convey party plans, voter turnout, fundraising, etc.) except he will work with the ward committee-men, rather than with individual members of the party. They will lead caucuses of the party members in his city, where the slate of nominees for the city offices will be selected and a city platform is developed. He is an ex-officio member of the County Committee of his party. Level: City. Position Type: Political. School of Instruc-tion: Campaign and Political Operations (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• City Party Secretary – This position will record party activi-ties at city party caucuses. He is also responsible for maintaining all party organizational efforts, including: party platform, fund-raising plans, and campaign strategies. Level: City. Position Type: Political. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Operations (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• City Party Vice-Chairman – This position will assist the Chair

(Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Thursday.

• Chief of Capitol Police – This position is responsible for safe-ty and security at the MBS Capitol (Ward Edwards Building). Capitol police are charged with enforcing State Statute as well as Code of Regulations while protecting all patrons in the MBS Capitol. In addition to safety and security, the Capitol Police are charged with assisting the House of Representatives and Senate with the delivery of subpoenas and other documents. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law Enforce-ment (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Chief of Police – This position is responsible for the enforce-ment of all city laws and ordinances. The chief selects other City Police Officers and establishes best practices and policies that offi-cers must follow. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law Enforcement (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Chief of Staff - Governor’s Office – This position must un-derstand the governor’s policy priorities and builds a strategy to implement them. This position also oversees all activities of the governor’s office staff and cabinet in supporting the governor’s priorities; interacts with the General Assembly, media, and other stakeholders to advance the governor’s agenda; and manages daily staff and cabinet meetings. Level: State. Position Type: Govern-mental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Circuit Court Clerk – This position maintains detailed and or-ganized records of all court proceedings to ensure other courts and/or appeals are able to refer back to accurate documentation in the future. This position handles civil cases exclusively. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Recommended). C/PE Day: Monday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Tues-day.

• Circuit Court Judge – This position presides over all county level cases and appeals that fall in the realm of civil action. They ensure a fair trial for all parties. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Required). C/PE Day: Monday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• City Attorney – This position is the chief legal counsel to the leadership of the city. They represent the city in all necessary court cases and try alleged criminals who violate city ordinances, there is also an Assistant City Attorney who assists in these duties. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Re-quired). C/PE Day: Sunday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• City Clerk – This position is in charge of maintaining effective records for the city. Their duties include: logging meeting min-utes for the final City Report, making sure laws and ordinances are publicly displayed, and ensuring that all sunshine laws are en-forced. There is also an Assistant City Clerk who assists in these duties. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruc-tion: Public Administration (Recommended). C/PE Day: Sunday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• City Councilman – This group is the legislative body of the

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lead the county caucus where a slate of county official nominees is selected. He is an ex-officio member of the State Central Com-mittee of his party. Level: County. Position Type: Political. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Operations (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• County Committee Secretary – This position will record par-ty activities at county party caucuses. He is also responsible for maintaining all party organization efforts, including party plat-form, nominating caucus rules, and campaign strategy. Level: County. Position Type: Political. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Operations (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• County Committee Vice-Chairman – This position will assist the Chair during party caucus meetings, as well as managing the affairs of the party in their county (coordinating and drafting a party platform, campaign strategy implementation, fundraising efforts, etc.). He is also an ex officio member of the State Cen-tral Committee. Level: County. Position Type: Political. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Operations (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• County Employee – This position is an opportunity for citi-zens to truly make the program “Their Boys State” by creating a position with responsibilities specific to the needs of a county. The Presiding County Commissioner or County Commission may appoint or call for an election for the created position. Level: County. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Any.

• County Prosecuting Attorney – This position represents the county government in all criminal legal proceedings in which the county is charging an individual with some crime. They oversee any Assistant Prosecutors as well and ensure they work according to the law. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Required). C/PE Day: Monday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• County Treasurer – This position manages the County’s mon-etary assets collected through various methods (taxes, tolls, fees, etc.) and administers payment on behalf of the county for its vari-ous needs. These can include incorporation fees, fines, payroll, state taxes, and other costs associated with operating a county. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). C/PE Day: Monday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• Delegate to County Committee – The county committees of each county will meet and organize, and select a county chair-man, a vice-chairman, and a secretary will be elected. The ward committeeman of each ward shall call a caucus of the members of his party and elect two delegates from each ward to serve on the county committee. Level: City. Position Type: Political. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Delegate to State Convention – This position attends and votes during the State Party Convention, which is where a politi-cal party organizes and works to develop its platform and strategy. Level: City. Position Type: Political. School of Instruction: Any. GE/

during party caucus meetings, coordinating and drafting the party platform and implementing a campaign strategy. Level: City. Po-sition Type: Political. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Operations (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• City Treasurer – This position manages the City’s monetary as-sets collected through various methods (taxes, tolls, fees, etc.) and administers payment on behalf of the city for its various needs. Their jurisdiction can include incorporation fees, fines, payroll, state taxes, and other costs associated with operating a city. Lev-el: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). C/PE Day: Sunday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Municipal Court Clerk – This position is an integral part of the local level of legal proceedings. They are tasked with main-taining detailed and accurate records of all court happenings so that appeals and future motions will be able to utilize the cor-rect information if the need ever arises. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Color Guard – This position is any citizen selected to conduct the Flag ceremonies. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Color Guard Commander – This position is responsible for calling commands during Flag ceremonies. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Community Service Coordinator – This position works with MBS Staff to plan for and participate in the annual MBS Service Project that takes place during MBS. This position is considered the team lead for the other citizens from their city who participate in the service project. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• County Clerk – This position is in charge of maintaining ef-fective records for the city, including meeting minutes for the fi-nal County Report. They also ensure the laws and ordinances are publicly displayed and that all sunshine laws are enforced. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). C/PE Day: Monday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• County Commissioner – These positions comprise the remain-der of the County Commission. Their authority is similar to the Presiding County Commissioner, but they are tasked with advo-cating specifically for the needs of the city they represent, seeking ways to improve their own community in addition to the county as a whole. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). C/PE Day: Monday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• County Committee Chairman – This position’s responsibilities are similar to those of a City Committee Chairman (convey party plans, voter turnout, fundraising, etc.) except he will work with the county committeemen to develop a county party platform, coor-dinate party fundraising, and drive voter turnout efforts. They will

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• Director of Business Services – This position oversees the pro-cess of licensing all businesses at MBS, collects all license fees and deposits them in the state treasury, and hires three business clerks. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Director of Economic Development – This position promotes policy and legislation to foster a thriving economy and supports the creation of businesses at MBS and establishes criteria for and selects recipients of grants to support the creation of businesses at MBS. This position also interacts with groups that represent the interests of businesses (such as the MBS Chamber of Commerce), establishes criteria for and selects the MBS Capital City, manag-es the departmental budget, hires a legislative director, and hires two economic development specialists. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Director of Emergency Management – This position works to coordinate all state agencies to come together during emergency, gather information from local jurisdictions and quickly respond to the disaster. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Director of Gaming – This commission is responsible for reg-ulating operations at gaming facilities, with an emphasis on the integrity of gaming, the protection of assets, and the safety of pa-trons and staff. The Commission also licenses casinos at MBS. The Director hires two Gaming Commissioners. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Commerce (Recom-mended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Director of Health – This position promotes policy and leg-islation with regard to health and sanitation at MBS, conducts inspections of cities and individual businesses to ensure compli-ance with applicable health codes, develops criteria for and awards grants to cities and counties to promote health and wellness, man-ages the departmental budget, hires two health inspectors, and hires a legislative director. Level: State. Position Type: Govern-mental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Director of Labor – This position promotes policy and legis-lation to support the rights and protections of individual work-ers, including safety, human rights and fair wages, at MBS. This position also investigates complaints regarding unfair wages or working conditions, manages the departmental budget, and hires a legislative director. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Director of Public Safety – This position promotes policy and legislation to ensure safety and general order at MBS, oversees the operations of the State Emergency Management Agency, the Office of State Fire Marshal, and the Capitol Police. This posi-tion also awards grants to support safety initiatives in counties and cities, manages the departmental budget, and hires a legisla-tive director. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Department of Health Inspector – This position is hired by the Director of Revenue to ensure public health. Level: State. Po-sition Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Rec-ommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Department of Labor Investigator – This position assists the Director of Labor as necessary. Level: State. Position Type: Gov-ernmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Department of Revenue Tax Agent – This position is hired by the Director of Revenue to assist with the collection of taxes. Lev-el: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Leg-islative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Director of Transportation – This position promotes policy and legislation with regard to transportation at MBS, develops criteria for and awards grants to cities and counties to support transportation projects, and hires a legislative director. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legisla-tive (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Deputy Attorney General – This position represents the Gov-ernor and the executive branch in any legal action, represents the state in criminal prosecutions in special circumstances at the re-quest of local prosecutors, and hires two assistant attorneys gener-al. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Deputy Circuit Clerk – This position accepts court filings when Circuit Clerk is occupied in court. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• Deputy County Clerk – This position assists in disbursing licenses, and helps collect data for inclusion in county budget document. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• Deputy Fire Marshal – This position assists the State Fire Marshal in his duties. Level: State. Position Type: Governmen-tal. School of Instruction: Law Enforcement (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Deputy Sheriff – This position assists the Sheriff in maintain-ing order and protects the peace throughout the county. Level: County. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law Enforcement (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• Director of Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Re-sources – This position promotes policy and legislation to sup-port sustainability and conservation at MBS, selects the host city for the MBS Fair, establishes criteria for and selects recipients of grants to support sustainability and conservation efforts in indi-vidual cities, manages the departmental budget, and hires a legis-lative director. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

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• General Manager - KMBS Radio – This position is responsi-ble for overall leadership of administrative, technical program, and sales aspects of KMBS Radio News. This position sets direction for all departments and works to maintain the financial viability of the station. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Journalism (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• General Manager - KMBS-TV News – This position is re-sponsible for overall leadership of administrative, technical, pro-gram, and sales aspects of KMBS-TV News. This position sets direction for all departments and works to maintain the financial viability of the station. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Journalism (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Governor – This position is the chief executive of the MBS government and has oversight of all the state executive depart-ments, their budgets, and employees. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Op-erations (Recommended). C/PE Day: Wednesday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Thursday.

• GSO Commissioner – This position runs the Governmental Services Outlet, which sells supplies to citizens, cities, counties, and the state. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Commerce (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• GSO Employee – This position assists the Governmental Ser-vices Outlet Commissioner as needed. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Commerce (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Health Commissioner – This position ensures that City oper-ations and facilities are consistently up to MBS Health Code. In addition, they also oversee the Assistant Health Commissioners and determined city specific policies in regards to health prac-tices, including: hygiene, recycling, and general cleanliness. There are 3 Assistant Health Commissioners who assist in carrying out these duties. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Highway Patrol Colonel – This position is the Superintendent of the Missouri Boys State Highway Patrol. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law Enforcement (Re-quired). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Highway Patrol Lieutenant Colonel – This position is second in command of the Missouri Boys State Highway Patrol. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law En-forcement (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Highway Patrol Trooper – This position assists in enforcing the state law. This position is appointed by law enforcement counsel-ors after an application and interview process. Level: State. Posi-tion Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law Enforcement (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• House Assistant Clerk – This position assists the Chief Clerk of the House in the administrative actions of the House of Rep-

• Director of Revenue – This position efficiently oversees that all forms of tax at Boys State, including city income taxes, business license fees and lottery revenues, are collected, counted and depos-ited in the treasury. This position also provides a daily revenue re-port to the Budget Director and Chief of Staff, promotes policies and legislation with regard to the tax code at MBS, hires two tax agents, and hires a legislative director. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Economic Development Specialist – This position is hired by the Director of the Department of Economic Development to as-sist as necessary. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Commerce (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Editor-in-Chief - MBS Record – This position is the ultimate authority among the citizens on The Record’s staff, and is account-able for the production of quality content every day. This position defines how The Record’s operations are organized, including the direction of the paper’s content and staff responsibilities. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Journalism (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Emergency Management Specialist – This position is hired by the Director of Emergency Management to assist as necessary. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Fire Chief – This position ensures that City operations and fa-cilities are consistently up to MBS Fire Code. Their duties also include overseeing all other firemen, determined city policies, and enforcing the best practices for fire safety. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law Enforcement (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Fireman – Firemen enforce the MBS Fire Code as determined by the MBS Constitution and Bylaws, work directly under the Fire Chief, and write citations to individuals who violate these laws and other related city ordinances. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law Enforcement (Recom-mended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Gaming Commissioner – This position is responsible for reg-ulating operations at gaming facilities, with an emphasis on the integrity of gaming, the protection of assets, and the safety of pa-trons and staff. The Commission also licenses casinos at MBS. The Director hires two Gaming Commissioners. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Commerce (Recom-mended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• General Counsel - Governor’s Office – This position advises the Governor and his staff on legal implications of legislative or policy actions, reviews and approves all documents and commu-nications to be signed or issued by the Governor, and coordinates with the Attorney General’s Office to ensure representation of the Governor in any legal matters. Level: State. Position Type: Gov-ernmental. School of Instruction: Law (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

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for this position, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruc-tion: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Doorkeeper – This position maintains the flow of busi-ness to the floor of the House of Representatives. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Legislative Assistants – This position assists members of the House of Representatives and House administrative staff in conducting the business of the House. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Majority Leader – This position leads the majority par-ty’s legislative agenda in the House of Representatives and works closely with the Speaker of the House. To be eligible for this posi-tion, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legisla-tive (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Majority Whip – This position is responsible for main-taining majority party discipline to ensure attendance at and vot-ing during legislative sessions. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Minority Leader – This position leads the minority party’s legislative agenda in the House of Representatives. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Minority Whip – This position is responsible for main-taining minority party discipline to ensure attendance at and vot-ing during legislative sessions. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House of Representatives – This position serves as a member of the House of Representatives and is responsible for drafting legislation on topics of importance along with representing a city’s interests during committee hearings and floor debates. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legisla-tive (Required). C/PE Day: Sunday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• House Sergeant-at-Arms – This position is responsible for maintaining order in the House of Representatives. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Speaker Pro-Tem – This position assists the Speaker of the House in running the floor debates and other day-to-day operations of the House, including assigning legislation to com-mittees. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Govern-mental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./

resentatives. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Assistant Door Keeper – This position assists the House Door Keeper in maintaining the flow of business to the floor of the House of Representatives. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Assistant Majority Leader – This position assists the majority leader in realizing the party’s legislative agenda in the House of Representatives. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Assistant Minority Leader – This position assists the minority leader in realizing the party’s legislative agenda in the House of Representatives. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Caucus Chairman – This position presides over cau-cus meetings, which are composed of all members of one political party or interest group. They are elected by Representatives. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Caucus Secretary – This position assists the caucus chair in presiding over caucus meetings, which are composed of all members of one political party or interest group. They are elected by representatives. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Chaplain – This position oversees the religious needs of the House. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Chief Clerk – This position manages the administra-tive actions of the House of Representatives, including filing all legislation and hiring other House staff, such as assistant clerks, chaplain, sergeant-at-arms, and other administrative staff. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legisla-tive (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• House Committee Chairman – This position presides over the meetings of a House committee and is selected by the Speaker of the House. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• House Committee Vice-Chairman – This position assists the committee chair in presiding over the meetings of a House com-mittee and is selected by the Speaker of the House. To be eligible

46

• Lottery Agent – This position is hired by the Director of Lot-tery to sell tickets and collect lottery revenues within MBS. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Com-merce (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Lottery Director – This position designs, markets, and imple-ments a daily lottery program at MBS and hires up to eight lottery agents to sell tickets and collect lottery revenues. This position also provides a daily report on lottery revenues to the Director of Rev-enue and submits appropriate revenues to the Director for deposit in the state treasury. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Managing Editor - MBS Record – This position assists the Editor-in-Chief, manages editors and reporters, works on orig-inal story ideas, and takes a more hands-on approach to news coverage. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Journalism (Re-quired). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Mayor – In most City governments at MBS, this position is the Chief Executive Officer of the City. His duties include: serving as the Chair of the City Council, acting as a figurehead to other citizens, leading city meetings, setting strategic goals, and empow-ering others to work together for the overall success of the city. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). C/PE Day: Sunday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Municipal Judge – This position oversees the proceedings of the City Court. They hear various cases, both criminal and civ-il, as well as ensure fair trials/proceedings for all parties. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Re-quired). C/PE Day: Sunday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• News Director - KMBS Radio – This position is responsible for the news “vision” of the radio station. Leads anchors, reporters, producers, and behind the scenes crew to produce newsworthy content at MBS. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Journal-ism (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• News Director - KMBS-TV News – This position is respon-sible for the news “vision” of the television station. Lead anchors, reporters, producers, behind the scenes crew to produce newswor-thy content at MBS. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Jour-nalism (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Parks and Recreation Commissioner – This position is in charge in overseeing city beautification and maintenance through-out the week. They are expected to motivate their fellow citizens to successfully build and dedicate a City Park in addition to the rest of the city area, there is also an Assistant Parks and Recreation Commissioner who assists in these duties. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Policeman – This position assists in enforcing city law and or-dinances to maintain peace, order, and public wellbeing. They are able to write citations to individuals who violate these laws and other related city ordinances. Level: City. Position Type: Govern-

App. Day: Monday.

• Legislative Director - Department of Agriculture, Conser-vation, and Natural Resources – This position represents the Director of Agriculture, Conservation, and Natural Resources in interactions with the General Assembly and advises the Director on legislative strategy. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Legislative Director - Department of Economic Develop-ment – This position represents the Director of Economic De-velopment in interactions with the General Assembly and advises the Director on legislative strategy. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Legislative Director - Department of Health – This position represents the Director of Health in interactions with the General Assembly and advises the Director on legislative strategy. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legisla-tive (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Legislative Director - Department of Labor – This position represents the Director of Labor in interactions with the General Assembly and advises the Director on legislative strategy. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legisla-tive (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Legislative Director - Department of Public Safety – This position represents the Director of Public Safety in interactions with the General Assembly and advises the Director on legisla-tive strategy. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Legislative Director - Department of Revenue – This posi-tion represents the Director of Revenue in interactions with the General Assembly and advises the Director on legislative strategy. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Legislative Director - Department of Transportation – This position represents the Director of Transportation in interactions with the General Assembly and advises the Director on legisla-tive strategy. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Legislative Director - Governor’s Office – This position rep-resents the Governor in interactions with the General Assembly and advises the Governor and Chief of Staff on legislative strategy to advance the Governor’s priorities. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Lieutenant Governor – This position acts as Governor when situations call for it and serves as president of the Senate when it is in session. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Operations (Recommended). C/PE Day: Wednesday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Thursday.

47

• Senate Caucus Secretary – This position assists the Caucus Chairman in presiding over caucus meetings, which are composed of all members of one political party or interest group. The secre-tary is elected by Senators. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Senator from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Chaplain – This position oversees the religious needs of the Senate. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Committee Chairman – This position presides over the meetings of a Senate committee and is selected by the President Pro-Tem of the Senate. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Senator from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Committee Vice-Chairman – This position assists the Committee Chairman in presiding over the meetings of a Senate committee and is selected by the President Pro-Tem of the Senate. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Senator from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Doorkeeper – This position maintains the flow of busi-ness to the floor of the Senate. Level: State. Position Type: Gov-ernmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Legislative Assistants – This position assists members of the Senate and Senate administrative staff in conducting the business of the Senate. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Majority Leader – This position leads the majority par-ty’s legislative agenda in the Senate and works closely with the President Pro-Tem of the Senate. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Senator from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Majority Whip – This position is responsible for main-taining majority party discipline to ensure attendance at and vot-ing during legislative sessions. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Senator from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Minority Leader – This position leads the minority party’s legislative agenda in the Senate. To be eligible for this po-sition, a citizen must be elected Senator from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Minority Whip – This position is responsible for main-taining minority party discipline to ensure attendance at and vot-

mental. School of Instruction: Law Enforcement (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Presiding County Commissioner – This position is to County Government, what the Mayor is to City Government. They are the ceremonial figurehead and also set the strategic vision for the County. They serve as the chair for the County Commission, a 3-person legislative body, that develops, enacts, and enforces County laws and ordinances, and are also the chief architect of the County’s various applications for grant funding, the State Fair, and the final County Report. Level: County. Position Type: Gov-ernmental. School of Instruction: Public Administration (Recom-mended). C/PE Day: Monday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Tuesday.

• Press Secretary - Governor’s Office – This position serves as the media advisor to and spokesperson for the Governor, builds relationships with reporters to ensure coverage of the Governor’s priorities and initiatives, and holds press conferences as necessary. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Secretary of State – This position issues licenses to all business-es, assists in reviewing city and county reports, registers all paid lobbyists, and is the state’s chief election officer and official custo-dian of state archives. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Operations (Recom-mended). C/PE Day: Wednesday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Thursday.

• Senate Assistant Door Keeper – This position assists the Sen-ate Door Keeper in maintaining the flow of business to the floor of the Senate. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Assistant Majority Leader – This position assists the majority leader in realizing the party’s legislative agenda in the Senate. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Senator from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Assistant Minority Leader – This position assists the minority leader in realizing the party’s legislative agenda in the Senate. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Senator from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Assistant Secretary – This position assists the Secretary of the Senate in the administrative actions of the Senate. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legisla-tive (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Caucus Chairman – This position presides over caucus meetings, which are composed of all members of one political par-ty or interest group. The chair is elected by Senators. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Senator from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

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mental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• State Auditor – This position is the official auditor of all trans-actions of the MBS government and performs financial and com-pliance audits of all governmental bodies within MBS, such as state agencies and city councils. Level: State. Position Type: Gov-ernmental. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Opera-tions (Recommended). C/PE Day: Wednesday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Thursday.

• State Central Committee Chairman – This position organizes and leads party affairs in the state for the party. Along with presid-ing over party rallies, the chair will serve as the Chairman of the party Platform Committee. Level: State. Position Type: Political. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Operations (Recom-mended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• State Central Committee Secretary – This position records party activities at party rallies and chairs the Credentials Commit-tee, which is responsible for verifying the accuracy of nominating petitions of the candidates seeking statewide office before the par-ty rally. Level: State. Position Type: Political. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Operations (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• State Central Committee Sergeant-at-Arms – This position serves as the Chair of the Rules Committee for the state party, which is responsible for determining the format and rules for the party’s nominating rally for statewide offices. Level: State. Position Type: Political. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Op-erations (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• State Central Committee Treasurer – This position leads the Finance Committee, which is responsible for managing the par-ty’s finances and funding the activities of the Strategy Committee as well as the campaigns of the party’s candidates. The Finance Committee collects dues from party members, holds fundraisers and solicits money from MBS citizens to make sure the party suc-cessfully operates. Level: State. Position Type: Political. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Operations (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• State Central Committee Vice-Chairman – This position as-sists the Party Chair to manage the affairs of the party as well as serve as the Chairman of the Strategy Committee. The Strategy Committee is responsible for coordinating the campaign activities of the party’s candidates and for communicating the party’s plat-form to the rest of MBS through a variety of means including, but not limited to, buying advertising in MBS media, organizing the party members at city and county levels, and publishing the party platform. Level: State. Position Type: Political. School of Instruc-tion: Campaign and Political Operations (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• State Fire Marshal – This position leads the Division of Fire Safety, which is charged with development and enforcement of various programs to maintain the safety and well-being of the general public. Among others, position responsibilities include providing fire safety standards and inspections, investigating all

ing during legislative sessions. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Senator from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate President Pro-Tem – This position leads the Senate and is elected by its members. The President Pro-Tem presides over meetings of the Senate along with assigning members and legislation to committees and representing the Senate to the rest of MBS. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Senator from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senate Secretary – This position manages the administrative actions of the Senate, including filing all legislation and hiring other Senate staff, such as assistant secretaries, chaplain, sergeant-at-arms, and other administrative staff. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Senate Sergeant-at-Arms – This position is responsible for maintaining order in the Senate. Level: State. Position Type: Gov-ernmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Monday.

• Senator – This position serves as a member of the Senate and is responsible for drafting legislation on topics of importance, while also representing the interests of both his city and his county during committee hearings and floor debates. Level: City. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Legislative (Required). C/PE Day: Sunday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Sheriff – This position is the chief law enforcement officer for the criminal justice system at the county level. Their jurisdiction includes both cities, but they are only able to enforce county laws/ordinances. They oversee a team of Deputy Sheriffs who assist in carrying out these duties and ensuring peace. Level: County. Posi-tion Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law Enforcement (Recommended). C/PE Day: Monday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Tues-day.

• Social Media Manager - KMBS Radio – This position is re-sponsible for creating, distributing, monitoring, and generating interactivity for KMBS Radio content on social media. Position Type: Job. School of Instruction: Journalism (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Social Media Manager - KMBS-TV News – This position is responsible for creating, distributing, monitoring, and generating interactivity for KMBS-TV News content on social media. Posi-tion Type: Job. School of Instruction: Journalism (Required). GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Speaker of the House – This position leads the House of Rep-resentatives and is elected by its members. The Speaker presides over meetings of the House along with assigning members and legislation to committees and representing the House to the rest of MBS. To be eligible for this position, a citizen must be elected Representative from his city. Level: State. Position Type: Govern-

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suspicious fires, and inspecting amusement parks. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law Enforce-ment (Recommended). GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• State Treasurer – This position is the custodian and collector of all state monies and maintains the financial records of the state. Level: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Campaign and Political Operations (Recommended). C/PE Day: Wednesday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Thursday.

• Supreme Court Justice – This position is part of the MBS Su-preme Court, which is the final arbiter of all legal disputes in the state. This position adjudicates challenges to the constitutionality of state laws and acts of state officials, and regulate the conduct of all judges and licensed attorneys in the state. There are seven members of the MBS Supreme Court: six judges and one chief justice. The chief justice serves as the presiding judge of the Court when it is in session and is elected among the membership of the Court. Selection for the MBS Supreme Court is similar to the Missouri Plan; see Chapter 3 for more information. Citizens need to submit an application for consideration by the MBS Gover-nor, who will determine which applicants sit for interviews. Lev-el: State. Position Type: Governmental. School of Instruction: Law (Required). C/PE Day: Thursday. GE/Appt./App. Day: Sunday.

• Supreme Court Selection Commission – The Supreme Court Selection Commission is comprised of seven members. Three members are elected from the membership of the MBS Bar Asso-ciation. Three non-attorney members are appointed by the Gover-nor. The seventh member, and chairperson, of the Commission is the presiding Chief Justice of the MBS Supreme Court (a citizen from the previous year). Level: State. Position Type: Governmen-tal. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

• Ward Committeeman – This position is a party’s representative at meetings of the City Committee, which consists of all ward committeemen from the city and is responsible for seeing that the members of his party’s ward get to the polls to vote along with appointing election officials for each election. Level: Ward. Position Type: Political. School of Instruction: Any. GE/Appt./App. Day: Saturday.

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Chapter 5

Supplemental Materials

Preamble

We, the People of Boys State of Missouri, grateful to Almighty God for the civil, political, and religious liberty which He hath so long, permitted us to enjoy, and trusting in Him for blessings upon our endeavors to secure and transmit the same unimpaired to succeeding generations in order to form a perfect government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessing of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for Missouri Boys State.

Article I - Boundaries

The boundaries and jurisdiction of the State shall be that part of the buildings, grounds, campus, streets, roadways and other prop-erty, that is set aside for the uses and purposes of Missouri Boys State.

Article II - Bill of Rights

Section 1. All men are by nature free and independent, and have certain inherent and inalienable rights; among these are life, lib-erty, and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these rights and the protection of property, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.

Section 2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Section 3. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship without discrimination shall forever be guaranteed; and no person shall be denied any civil or political right, privilege or capacity on account of his religious opinions; but with the lib-erty of conscience hereby secured shall not be construed to dis-pense with oaths or affirmations, excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the State.

No person shall be required to attend or support any ministry or place of worship against his consent, nor shall any preference be given by law to any religious denomination or mode of worship.

Section 4. Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty; and in all trials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth when published with good motives and for justifiable ends, shall be sufficient de-fense.

Section 5. The right of trial by jury, as heretofore enjoyed, shall remain inviolate.

Section 6. The rights of the people to be secure in their homes, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and sei-zures shall not be violated; and no warrant shall be issued without probable cause supported by affidavit, particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized.

Section 7. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, ex-cept for capital offenses where the proof is evident or the pre-sumption great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or inva-sion of the public safety may require it.

Section 8. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal of-fense unless on indictment of a grand jury, or on information by the prosecuting attorney, except cases in which the punishment is by fine, or imprisonment otherwise than in the penitentiary; in cases of impeachment; and in cases arising in the army and navy, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger.

Section 9. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have the right to appear and defend in person and by counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, and to have a copy thereof; to meet the witness face to face, and to have process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a speedy trial by an im-partial jury of the county or district in which the offense is alleged

I. The Missouri Boys State Constitution

The Missouri Boys State (MBS) Constitution outlines the guidelines that make up MBS. Without these parameters, MBS could not exist, and thus the MBS Constitution is the backbone of the State.

There are 12 Articles in the MBS Constitution:

I. BoundariesII. Bill of Rights

III. Distribution of PowersIV. Legislative DepartmentV. Executive Department

VI. Judicial Department

VII. SuffrageVIII. Revenue

IX. CountiesX. Corporations

XI. Amendments to the ConsitutionXII. Initiative and Referendum

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tatives, both to be elected by the people.

Election

Section 2. An election for members of the General Assembly shall be held during each yearly session of Missouri Boys State, in each county, and at such places therein as may be provided by law. When vacancies occur, special elections within the city affected will be held to fill such vacancies.

Eligibility

Section 3. No person shall be a senator or a representative who shall not have been enrolled as a resident of Missouri Boys State. Every senator and representative at the time of his election shall be a resident within the territory forming the district from which he is elected. A senator or representative shall not hold any oth-er elective or appointive governmental office while serving in the legislature. He must resign any such office prior to taking the oath of office as a member of the General Assembly. If he is subse-quently elected or appointed to a state office, he must resign from the General Assembly before taking the other office.

Section 4. No person who has been, or hereafter shall be con-victed of bribery, perjury or other infamous crime, nor any person who has been or may be a collector or holder of public monies, who shall not have accounted for and paid over, according to law, all such monies due from him, shall be eligible to the General Assembly, or to any office of profit or trust in this State.

Oath Of Office

Section 5. Members of the General Assembly before they enter upon their official duties, shall take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation:

I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Con-stitution of the United States, the Constitution of the State of Missouri and the Constitution of Boys State, and will faithfully discharge the duties of Senator (or Representative) according to the best of my ability; and that I have not know-ingly or intentionally paid or contributed anything, or made any promise in the nature of a bribe, to directly or indirectly influence any vote at the election at which I was chosen to fill the said office, and have not accepted, nor will I accept, directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable thing from any corporation, company or person for any vote or influence I may give or withhold on any bill, resolution, or appropria-

tion, or for any other official act.

This oath shall be administered by the Governor or by a judge of the Supreme or Circuit Court in the hall of the house to which the member is elected, and the Secretary of State shall record and file the oath subscribed by each member. Any member who shall refuse to take the oath herein prescribed shall forfeit his office, and every member who shall be convicted of having sworn falsely to, or of violating his said oath, shall forfeit his office and be dis-qualified thereafter from holding any office of profit or trust in this State.

to have been committed.

Section 10. No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to give evidence against himself or be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense.

Section 11. All penalties shall be proportioned to the nature of the offense; and no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate; nor shall any person be transported out of the State for any offense committed within the same.

Section 12. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation. Such compensation, when not made by the State, shall be ascertained by a jury, as shall be prescribed by law.

Section 13. No ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or making any irrevocable grant of special privilege or immunities, shall be passed.

Section 14. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil power.

Section 15. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war except in the manner prescribed by law.

Section 16. The people have the right to assemble in a peaceful manner to consult for the common good, to make known their opinions to their Representatives, and to apply for redress of grievances.

Section 17. All elections shall be free and equal and provide for a secret ballot.

Section 18. Every person is entitled to a certain remedy in the laws for all injuries and wrongs which he may receive in his per-son, property or reputation; he is entitled to obtain by law, right and justice freely, and without being obliged to purchase it; com-pletely and without denial; promptly and without delay.

Section 19. Adherence to the fundamental principles of civil gov-ernment is absolutely necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty.

Article III - Distribution of Powers

The powers of the government of this State are divided into three distinct department the Legislative, Executive and Judicial; and no person, or collection of persons, being one of these depart-ments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others, except as hereinafter expressly directed or permitted, but the people reserve the power of initiative and referendum as hereinafter provided.

Article IV - Legislative Department

Section 1. The legislative power shall be vested in a General As-sembly, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Represen-

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Section 12. Bills may originate in either house, except for ap-propriation bills which shall originate in the house. Any bill may be altered, amended or rejected by the other; and, on the final passage of all bills, the vote shall be by yeas and nays, upon each bill separately, and shall be entered upon the journal; and no bill shall become a law without the concurrence of a majority of the members elected to each house.

Section 13. Every bill shall be read at-large at two different ses-sions, in each house; and every bill, having passed both houses, shall be signed by the presiding officers thereof. No act hereafter passed shall embrace more than one subject, and that shall be ex-pressed in the title. But, if any subject shall be embraced in an act which shall not be expressed in the title, such act shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall not be so expressed; and no law shall be revived or amended by reference to its title only, but the law revived, or the section amended, shall be inserted at length in the new act. And no act of the General Assembly shall take effect until the first day of July next after its passage, unless, in case of emergency (which emergency shall be expressed in preamble or body of the act), the General Assembly shall, by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, otherwise direct.

Privileges And Disabilities

Section 14. Senators and Representatives shall, in all cases, except treason, felony or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during the session of the General Assembly, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place.

Section 15. No personal elected to the General Assembly shall receive any civil appointment within the State from the Governor, the Governor and Senate, or from the General Assembly, during the term for which he shall have been elected; and all such ap-pointments for any such members for any such office or appoint-ment, shall be void; nor shall any member of the General Assem-bly be interested, either directly or indirectly, in any contract with the State, or any county thereof, authorized by any law passed during the term for which he shall have been elected, or within one year after the expiration thereof.

Public Moneys And Appropriations

Section 16. The House of Representatives shall initiate all appro-priation bills pertaining to the disbursement of Boys State Bucks.

Section 17. The General Assembly shall have the ability to levy taxes in Boys State Bucks as they deem necessary.

Section 18. The General Assembly may grant compensation in Boys State Bucks to citizens of Missouri Boys State for services rendered the state.

Section 19. The General Assembly may pass laws imposing Boys State Buck fines on any citizen of Missouri Boys State.

Section 20. The members of the General Assembly shall receive compensation in Boys State Bucks for their services in the Gen-eral Assembly.

Apportionment - Senatorial

Section 6. Each city in Missouri Boys State shall be a senatorial district and shall elect three Senators, whose term of office shall be one year.

Representatives

Section 7. Each city in Missouri Boys State shall be a legislative district and shall elect six Representatives, whose term of office shall be one year.

Section 8. Senatorial and legislative districts may be changed from time to time as the officers and directors of Missouri Boys State may prescribe.

Time Of Meeting And General Rules

Section 9. The sessions of the General Assembly shall commence at such time and place as prescribed by the officers and directors of Boys Missouri State in the schedule of activities for Missou-ri Boys State. A majority of the members elected to each house shall constitute a quorum. Each house shall determine the rules of its proceedings, and be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its members; shall choose its own officers; and the Senate shall choose a temporary president to preside when the Lieutenant Governor shall not attend as president, or shall act as Governor. The legislative school staff members shall call the House of Representatives to order at the opening of each new assembly, and preside over it until a temporary presiding officer thereof shall have been chosen and shall have taken his seat. No member shall be expelled by either house, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to that house, and no member shall be twice expelled for the same offense. Each house may pun-ish by expelling any person, not a member, who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house by disorderly or contemptuous behavior in its presence. But no such expulsion shall extend beyond twen-ty-four hours at one time, unless the person shall persist in such disorderly or contemptuous behavior.

Section 10. The door of each house and of committees of the whole shall be kept open, except in such cases as, in the opinion of the house, require secrecy. Neither house shall, without the con-sent of the other, adjourn for more than one day, or to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, which shall be pub-lished. In the Senate, at the request of five members, and in the house, at the request of ten members, the yeas and nays shall be taken on any question, and entered upon the journal. Any three members of either house shall have liberty to dissent from and protest, in respectful language, against any act or resolution which they think injurious to the public or to any individual, and have the reasons of their dissent entered upon the journal.

Style Of Laws And Passage Of Bills

Section 11. The style of the laws of this State shall be: “Be it En-acted by the People of Missouri Boys State, Represented in the General Assembly:”

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number of votes for either of said offices shall be declared duly elected; but if two or more have an equal, and the highest number of votes, a special election shall immediately be held between the candidates having the highest number of votes. Contested elec-tions for all of said offices shall be determined by both houses of the General Assembly, by joint ballot, in such manner as may be prescribed by rule.

Eligibility

Section 4. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, State Auditor, State Treasurer, or Attorney General, who shall not at the time of his election be a citizen of Missouri Boys State. Neither the Gover-nor, Secretary of State, State Auditor, State Treasurer, or Attorney General shall be eligible to hold any other office during the period for which he shall be elected.

Governor

Section 5. The supreme executive power shall be vested in the Governor, who shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.

Section 6. The Governor shall at the commencement of each session, and the close of his term of office, give to the General Assembly information, by message, of the condition of the State, and shall recommend such measures as he shall deem expedient.

Section 7. The Governor may, on extraordinary occasions, con-vene the General Assembly, by proclamation, stating therein the purpose for which they are convened; and the General Assem-bly shall enter upon no business except that for which they were called together.

Section 8. In case of a disagreement between the two houses with respect to the time of adjournment, the Governor may, on the same being certified to him by the house first moving the adjourn-ment, adjourn the General Assembly to such time as he thinks proper, not beyond the first day of the next regular session.

Section 9. The Governor shall nominate by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint all officers whose offices are established by this constitution, or which may be created by law, and whose appointment or election is not otherwise provided for; and no such officer shall be appointed or elected by the General Assembly.

Section 10. In case of a vacancy, during the recess of the Senate, in any office which is not elective, the Governor shall make a tem-porary appointment until the next meeting of the Senate, when he shall nominate some person to fill such office; and any person so nominated who is confirmed by the Senate (a majority of all the Senators elected concurring by years and nays), shall hold his of-fice during the remainder of the term, and until his successor shall be appointed and qualified. No person, after being rejected by the Senate, shall be again nominated for the same office at the same session, unless at the request of the Senate, or be appointed to the same office during the recess of the General Assembly.

Section 11. The Governor shall have the power to remove any

Impeachment

Section 21. All elective executive officials of the State shall be liable to impeachment for crimes, misconduct, willful neglect of duty, corruption in office, incompetency, or any offense involving moral turpitude or oppression in office.

Section 22. The House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment. All impeachments shall be tried before the Supreme Court, except that the Governor or a member of the Supreme Court shall be tried by a special commission of seven eminent jurists to be selected by the Senate. The Supreme Court or special commission shall take an oath to try impartially the person impeached, and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of five-sevenths of the court or special commission.

Section 23. Judgment of impeachment shall not extend beyond removal from office, but shall not prevent punishment of such of-ficer by the courts on charges growing out of the same matter.

Miscellaneous

Section 24. Missouri Boys State shall never be made defendant in a court of law or equity.

Section 25. No law shall be passed which shall operate to extend the term of any public officer after his election or appointment.

Section 26. The General Assembly shall have the power to autho-rize a state lottery or gift enterprise for the purpose of raising state revenues in Boys State Bucks.

Section 27. It shall be considered a felony for any person to will-fully forge, alter or counterfeit Boys State Bucks.

Article V - Executive Department

Section 1. The Executive Department shall consist of a Gover-nor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, State Auditor, State Treasurer, and Attorney General, who shall each hold his office for the term of one year from the date of his election and until his successor is elected and qualified. They shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by law.

Election

Section 2. An election for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Sec-retary of State, State Auditor, State Treasurer, and Attorney Gen-eral shall be held at such time as set by the staff members of Mis-souri Boys State.

Section 3. The results of the election for the above-named officers shall be sealed up and transmitted by the election officials to the Secretary of State directed to the “speaker of the House of Rep-resentatives,” who shall, immediately after the organization of the House and before proceeding to other business, open and publish the same in the presence of a majority of each house of the Gen-eral Assembly, who shall, for that purpose, assemble in the hall of the House of Representatives. The person having the highest

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Section 19. If there be no Lieutenant Governor, or if the Lieu-tenant Governor shall, for any of the causes specified in section seventeen of this article, become incapable of performing the du-ties of the office, the president of the Senate shall act as Governor until the vacancy is filled or the disability removed; and if the president of the Senate, for any of the above named causes, shall become incapable of performing the duties of Governor, the same shall devolve upon the speaker of the House of Representatives.

Other State Officers

Section 20. If the office of Secretary of State, State Auditor, State Treasurer, or Attorney General shall be vacated by death, resigna-tion or otherwise, it shall be the duty of the Governor to fill the same by appointment and the appointee shall hold his office until his successor shall be elected in such manner as provided law. An account shall be kept by the officers of the Executive Department and an annual report thereof shall be made to the Governor under oath; any officer who makes a false report shall be guilty of perjury and punished accordingly.

Seal Of State

Section 21. There shall be a seal of the state which shall be called the “Great Seal of Missouri Boys State,” which shall be kept by the Secretary of State while Missouri Boys State is in session and used by him, officially as directed by law.

Fee And Salaries

Section 22. The officers named in this article shall receive mon-etary compensation for their services in the form of Boys State Bucks as approved by the General Assembly.

Definition

Section 23. An office is a public position created by the constitu-tion or law, continuing during the pleasure of the appointing pow-er, or for a fixed time, with a successor elected or appointed. An employment is an agency, for a temporary purpose, which ceases when that purpose is accomplished.

Oath Of Office

Section 24. All civil officers, except members of the General As-sembly and such inferior officers as may be by law exempted, shall, before they enter on the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation:

I do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that I will support the Constitution of the United States, the Con-stitution of the State of Missouri, and the Constitution of Missouri Boys State, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of ___________________ according to

the best of my ability.

officer whom he may appoint, in case of incompetency, neglect of duty or malfeasance in office; and he may declare his office vacant and fill the same as is herein provided in other cases of vacancy.

Section 12. The Governor shall have power to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons, after convictions, for all offenses, sub-ject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying therefor.

Section 13. The Governor shall be commander-in-chief of the military and naval force of the State (except when they shall be called into the service of the United States); and may call out the same to execute the laws, suppress insurrection and repel invasion.

Section 14. The Governor and all civil officers of the state shall be liable to impeachment for any misdemeanor in office.

Approval Of Or Veto Of Bills

Section 15. Every bill passed by the General Assembly shall, be-fore it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor. If he ap-proves, he shall sign it. Upon execution by the Governor, the bill shall become law for the session of Missouri Boys State in which the bill was enacted. At the end of each session of Missouri Boys State, all laws enacted during such session shall be submitted to the Missouri Boys State Board of Directors for approval and if approved, the law shall be published and become part of the per-manent statues of Missouri Boys State.

Section 16. If the Governor does not approve the bill, he shall return it with his objections, to the house in which it originat-ed, which house shall enter the objections at-large upon its jour-nal and proceed to reconsider the bill. If then two-thirds of the members elected agree to pass the same, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; and if approved by two-thirds of the members elected to that house, it shall become a law notwithstanding the objections of the Governor; but in all such cases the vote of each house shall be determined by yeas and nays, to be entered upon the journal. Any bill which shall not be returned by the Gover-nor within one day after it shall have been presented to him shall become a law as if he had signed it, unless the General Assembly shall by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall be filed with his objections, in the office of the Secretary of State within one day after such adjournment, or become a law.

Lieutenant Governor

Section 17. In case of the death, conviction or impeachment, fail-ure to qualify, resignation, absence from the State, or other dis-ability of the Governor, the powers duties and emoluments of the office for the residue of the term, or until the disability shall be removed, shall devolve upon the Lieutenant Governor.

Section 18. The Lieutenant Governor shall be president of the Senate, and shall vote only when the Senate is equally divided. The Senate shall choose a president pro-tem to preside in case of the absence or impeachment of the Lieutenant Governor, or when he shall hold the office of Governor.

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Section 10. The Supreme Court may appoint a clerk, reporter, and marshal and such deputies for each official as the court deems necessary. Such officials shall serve at the pleasure of the court.

Circuit Court

Section 11. There shall be a circuit court for each county com-prised of three types of judges: circuit judge, associate circuit judge and municipal judge. One term of court shall be held in every circuit each year.

Circuit Judge

Section 12. The circuit judge shall have original jurisdiction in all civil and criminal case, not otherwise provided for by law, and appellate jurisdiction over associate circuit judges and municipal judges. They shall have such other jurisdiction as may otherwise be provided for by law.

Associate Circuit Judge

Section 13. The associate circuit judge shall have concurrent ju-risdiction with the circuit judge. The associate circuit judge may appoint a clerk who shall serve at the pleasure of the court.

Municipal Judge

Section 14. There shall be two municipal judges in each county, one in each city. The municipal judge shall have jurisdiction over all cases having to do with violations of city ordinances and none other.

General Provisions

Section 15. All courts shall be courts of record.

Section 16. If the office of either the circuit judge or the associate circuit judge becomes vacant there shall be a special election held within the county affected to fill the unexpired term of the office. If the office of municipal judge becomes vacant there shall be a special election within the city affected to fill the unexpired term of office.

Section 17. The General Assembly may for cause entered on the journals, and upon due notice and hearing with the accused pres-ent and afforded an opportunity to defend, remove from office any justice or judge, providing three fourths of all elected members concur. The chief justice shall preside over all such proceedings.

Section 18. All process shall run: In the Name of the People of Missouri Boys State, and all prosecutions shall be carried on: In the Name and by Authority of the People of Missouri Boys State, and conclude: Against the Peace and Dignity of the State.

Article VII - Suffrage

Section 1. Every person having fulfilled all the requirements pre-scribed by the officers and directors of Missouri Boys State for admission to Missouri Boys State shall be a resident of Missouri

Article VI - Judicial Department

Section 1. The judicial power of Missouri Boys State shall be vest-ed in a supreme court, and one general trial court known as a circuit court with three different types of judges; circuit judges, associate circuit judges and municipal judges.

Section 2. All justices of the Supreme Court and all judges of courts shall be citizens of Missouri Boys State, and licensed at-torneys of Missouri Boys State. No person shall be eligible for the office of circuit judge or associate circuit judge unless he be a resident of the circuit or county in which he is elected. No person shall be eligible for the office of municipal judge unless he be a resident of the city in which he is elected.

Section 3. The term of office of each justice, the chief justice, and all judges of courts shall be for one year during which time he will serve without compensation.

Supreme Court

Section 4. The Supreme Court shall be the highest court in the State. Its jurisdiction shall be coextensive with the State. Its deci-sions shall be controlling in all other courts. It shall be composed of seven justices, one of whom shall be chief justice. It shall hold one session annually and such other sessions as may be prescribed by rule of court or as otherwise prescribed by law. Four justices concurring shall be necessary to a decision.

Section 5. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction over all judgments of circuit courts and such other jurisdiction as may be provided by law.

Section 6. The justices of the Supreme Court shall be elected by the citizens of Missouri Boys State. The person having the highest number of votes for justice shall be the chief justice and preside over the Supreme Court. If two or more persons have an equal and the highest number of votes for justice, then the Supreme Court shall from among these persons elect a chief justice. If two or more persons have an equal number of votes for the last vacancy on the court, after the general election, then there shall be a special elec-tion among the candidates tied for the last vacancy to elect one of such persons to be justice.

Section 7. If the office of any justice becomes vacant for any rea-son, then the Supreme Court by simple majority shall nominate three qualified persons from whom the Governor shall appoint one person to be the justice. If the office of chief justice becomes vacant for any reason, then the Supreme Court shall elect from its number a chief justice.

Section 8. The Supreme Court shall have superintending control over all courts, may establish rules of practice and procedure for the courts, and may temporarily transfer judicial personnel to an-other court as the administration of justice may require. Any rule of court may be annulled by a law limited to the purpose.

Section 9. The decisions and rules of the Supreme Court shall be announced in open court and recorded by the clerk of the court and shall be free for publication.

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the circuit court (who shall be ex officio recorder of deeds), and prosecuting attorney. Each of said officers shall enter upon the duties of his office immediately after his election and they shall hold their respective offices for the term of one year and until their successors are elected and qualified.

Section 4. No county officers shall receive any monetary compen-sation for services rendered except in Boys State Bucks.

Section 5. The number of the deputies and assistant of such coun-ty officers shall be fixed by law.

Article X - Corporations

Section 1. There shall be no corporations created by the General Assembly of Missouri Boys State.

Section 2. Citizens at Missouri Boys State may form corpora-tions, partnerships, associations, or other business or service or-ganizations.

Banks

Section 3. A Boys State Bank is hereby created. By act of the Board of Directors, it is to be called the “Charlie Mickey Bank”. The Charlie Mickey Bank shall be the only bank in Missouri Boys State to receive, exchange, and hold United States Currency. The bank shall be under the exclusive management and supervision of the officers and directors of Missouri Boys State, with the help of the Boys State treasurer.

Section 4. Citizens may organize banks to receive, exchange, hold, and loan Boys State Bucks. Citizen-organized banks are prohibit-ed from dealing in U.S. currency.

Article XI - Amendments to the Constitution

Section 1. Whenever two-thirds of the members of each house of the General Assembly shall, by a vote entered upon the journals thereof, concur that a convention is necessary to revise, alter or amend the constitution, the question shall be submitted to the electors at the next general election. If a majority voting at the election vote for a convention, the General Assembly shall, at the next session, provide for a convention, to consist of double the number of members of the Senate, to be elected in the same manner, at the same places and in the same districts. The General Assembly shall, in the Act of calling the convention, designate the day, hour and place of its meeting. Before proceeding, the mem-bers shall take an oath to support the Constitution of the United States, and the State of Missouri and Missouri Boys State, and to faithfully discharge their duties as members of the convention. The qualification of members shall be the same as that of mem-bers of the Senate, and vacancies occurring shall be filled in the manner provided for filling vacancies in the General Assembly. Said convention shall meet within one year after such election and prepare such revision, alteration or amendments of the constitu-tion as shall be deemed necessary, which shall be submitted to the electors for their ratification or rejection, at an election appointed

Boys State during the term for which he is enrolled and shall be entitled to vote.

Section 2. All votes shall be by secret ballot. Electors shall in all cases, except for treason, felony or breach of the peace, be privi-leged from arrest during their attendance at elections and in going to and returning from the same.

Section 3. No elector shall be deemed to have lost his residence in this state by reason of his absence on business of the United States or of the State of Missouri or of Missouri Boys State.

Section 4. No soldier, seaman or marine in the Army or Navy of the United States or member of the National Guard of the State of Missouri shall be deemed a resident of Missouri Boys State in consequence of being stationed on the premises occupied by Missouri Boys State.

Section 5. The General Assembly may pass laws excluding from the right of suffrage, all persons convicted of infamous crimes.

Section 6. The education policy and program of Missouri Boys State shall be under supervision and direction of officers of Mis-souri Boys State.

Article VIII - Revenue

Section 1. The General Assembly shall have the power to levy taxes, establish a state lottery, and assess fines for violations of the Missouri Boys State Constitution and statues only in the form of Boys State Bucks.

Section 2. The director of revenue shall collect an income tax of ten percent from each citizen and business. This shall be collected in Boys State Bucks only.

Section 3. Income is hereby defined as all Boys State Bucks dis-tributed to each citizen, salaries and wages, business profits, rents, royalties, fees for services, interest, and profits from any private or commercial activity.

Section 4. The General Assembly shall have no power to levy tax-es against any political subdivision of Missouri Boys State.

Article IX - Counties

Section 1. New counties may be formed from year to year as the officers and directors of Missouri Boys State may prescribe.

Section 2. In forming counties each county shall contain as near as possible an equal number of residents.

County Officers

Section 3. In each county, there shall be elected the following county officers at the general election to be held on the third full day of each session of Missouri Boys State: circuit judge, associate circuit judge, county commissioners, county clerk, sheriff, clerk of

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or at a special election to be called by the Governor. The ballot language shall be determined by the Secretary of State or director.

Section 6. Any law passed at a prior session of Missouri Boys State shall not be subject to referendum. All laws or constitution-al amendments passed by initiative or approved after referendum shall, by a vote of the Board of Directors of Missouri Boys State, be adopted.

Section 7. The initiative and referendum powers are hereby re-served to the people of each city and county on all questions which such cities and counties may now or hereafter be autho-rized to control by legislative action. Initiative and referendum petitions for cities and counties shall clearly state the issue to be addressed by the electorate and contain on the petition signatures comprising no fewer than twenty percent of registered voters in the city or county.

Section 8. With respect to city or county initiative or referendum elections, petitions shall be verified by duly authorized election officials and ballot language prepared by same. The chief executive officer of the city or county may hold the election at the next general election or at a special election held in the jurisdiction petitioned.

by the convention for that purpose at the next session of Missouri Boys State; and unless so submitted, and approved by a majority of the electors voting at the election, no such revision, alteration or amendments shall take effect.

Section 2. Amendments to this constitution may be proposed in either house of the General Assembly, and if the same shall be voted for by two-thirds of all the members elected to each of the two houses, such proposed amendments, together with the yeas and nays of each house thereon, shall be entered in full on their re-spective journals, and said amendments shall be submitted to the electors of this state for adoption or rejection, at the next election of members of the General Assembly, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. The proposed amendments shall be published in full at least one month preceding the election, and if a major-ity of the electors voting said election shall vote for the proposed amendments, they shall become a part of this constitution. But the General Assembly shall have no power to propose amendments to more than one article of this constitution at the same session, nor to the same article more often than once in four years.

Section 3. Each Constitutional Amendment properly enacted shall be submitted to the Missouri Boys State Board of Direc-tors for approval and if approved, the Constitutional Amendment shall take effect and become a part of this constitution.

Article XII - Initiative and Referendum

Section 1. The people reserve to themselves the power to propose laws and constitutional amendments through the initiative pro-cess and to adopt or reject the same at the polls.

Section 2. The people reserve to themselves the power to review all laws and constitutional amendments passed duringany one ses-sion of Missouri Boys State through the process of referendum and to approve or reject the same at the polls.

Section 3. A petition seeking to initiate a proposed law or consti-tutional amendment or to conduct a referendum on a law or ref-erendum is required to have valid signatures by registered voters equal to five percent of the citizens of Missouri Boys State. The five percent must be made up geographically of two-thirds of the counties of Missouri Boys State. The sponsor of the petition may pick any of the several counties to qualify. Each qualifying county must have no fewer than five percent of its registered voters sign-ing the petition. Each petition must clearly state the initiative or referendum proposed. Signatures must be on the petition.

Section 4. Petitions should be filed with the Secretary of State, or in his absence the director of Missouri Boys State. Where a defect in the part petitions from a particular county operates to reduce the number of sufficient signature, the committee or person in charge of circulating such petitions, is not entitled to file addition-al signatures to cure such defects.

Section 5. Verification should occur forthwith. Upon verification, the Secretary of State or the director of Missouri Boys State shall submit to the electors of the state for their approval or rejection such law or constitutional amendment at the next general election

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Title I: Laws And Statutes

Chapter 1 – Laws and Statutes in Force

1.010 Publication and Preservation of the Laws of Missouri Boys State. Approved June 23, 1938.

1.010. 1. From and after the date of the enactment hereof all laws duly enacted by Missouri Boys State shall be preserved by the recordation thereof in proper permanent books of record.2. These laws shall be published in pamphlet form and copies thereof distributed to all future citizens of Boys State for their proper guidance.

Chapter 2 – Construction of Statutes

Chapter 3 – Statutory Revision

3.010 Commission to Codify the Laws of Missouri Boys State. Approved June 22, 1938.

3.010. 1. A commission to codify the laws of Missouri Boys State shall consist of the majority leader of the Senate, the speak-er of the House of Representatives, two appointees of the Governor, two officials of Boys State.2. Two officials of Boys State shall be appointed by the president of Missouri Boys State of Missouri, a corporation.3. The chairman and the secretary of the aforesaid committee shall be elected by the members of the commission.

Title II: State Government

Chapter 10 – Sovereignty

Chapter 11 – Salaries of Government Officials

11.010 An Act to Establish a Compensation Plan for State Employees at Missouri Boys State. Approved June 19, 1998.

11.010. 1. The weekly salaries, to be paid in Boys State Bucks, for the state employees of Missouri Boys State will be as fol-lows:

(a) Beginning of week appointed officials, such as Director of Revenue, Director of Public Works, Lottery Commission-ers, Gaming Commissioner, Adjutant General and Fire Marshal - $50.

(b) Highway Patrolmen - $100, Col. of MBS Highway Patrol - $125.(c) Supreme Court Justices - $100. Chief Justice of Supreme Court - $125.(d) Senators - $55, President “pro-tem” of the Senate - $70. Senate Majority and Minority Leaders - $65. Senate Clerk -

$35. Assistant Senate Clerk - $20. Senate Sergeant of Arms - $35.(e) House of Representatives Members - $45. Speaker of the House - $60. House Majority and Minority Leaders - $55.

Assistant Speaker of the House - $55. House Clerk - $35. House Chaplain - $20.(f ) Lt. Governor, Attorney General, Treasurer, Auditor, Secretary of State - $75. Governor - $100.(g) Close of week appointed officials - $10.

II. The Revised Statutes of Missouri Boys State

The Revised Statutes of Missouri Boys State (RSMBS) are the laws governing Missouri Boys State. While the Constitution is organized by Articles, statutes are organized by Titles. Within each Title is a series of Chapters.

There are 11 Titles in the RSMBS

I. Laws and StatutesII. State Government

III. Citizens & StaffIV. Political Subdivisions, Agen-

cies, and CommisionsV. Health and Welfare

VI. Voting, Elections, and CampaignsVII. Conservation and Energy

VIII. Business and CommerceIX. Occupations and ProfessionsX. Civil and Criminal Procedure

XI. Crimes and Punishment

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Chapter 12 – Emblems

12.010 The Missouri Boys State Flag. Approved June 23, 1950.

12.010. 1. A Boys State flag shall be flown at all times with the American Flag during the duration of Missouri Boys State and shall be the official flag of Missouri Boys State.2. The flag shall be red, white and blue striped with red on top, white in the middle and blue on the bottom with the official Missouri Boys State emblem which consists of the outline of the State of Missouri with the American Legion insignia in the center and the word Missouri above the emblem and Boys State below; the size of which will be five feet by three feet.

12.020 The Official Missouri Boys State Prayer Approved June 18, 1956.

12.020. 1. The official Boys State prayer shall read as follows:Heavenly Father, Creator of all that is good, Light and Guide of our beloved nation, grant that we may all do justice, love, kindness, and walk humbly with Thee.

Let us neither be blinded nor deafened by our foolish and selfish desires and our unworthy interpretation of Thy will and law, but instead, let us strive consistently to better ourselves in our faith and to become perfect, even as Thou are Perfect.

Lastly, Father, let us do our utmost to learn all we are capable of learning while at Boys State. Grant that we, by Thy aid, may all become true citizens of this, our most blessed nation. Bless this movement to Thy use, and to the betterment and per-petually of this, our country.

AMEN.2. The prayer shall be read during the opening ceremonies of the first annual General Assembly of all citizens, by the Gover-nor of Missouri Boys State.3. The prayer shall be printed in an appropriate place in the official manual of Missouri Boys State.

Chapter 13 – Official Holidays

13.010. Veteran’s Day at Missouri Boys State. Approved June 19, 1998.

13.010. 1. Whereas democracy and the existence of the free world has been threatened; whereas countless brave men and women have given their time, and in many cases their lives, in defense of these things which we hold so dear; whereas men and women, both dead and alive, should be commended and remembered for their great service and sacrifices; We the 59th General Assembly of Missouri Boys State do unanimously and wholeheartedly join together in giving great praise and respect to these brave citizens of the greatest country in the world.2. We henceforth declare the 6th day of Missouri Boys State to be Veteran’s Day. To honor this day the Senate and House of Representatives will begin the session that day with a moment of silence in honor of our country’s veterans.

Title III: Citizens And Staff

Chapter 20 – Citizens

20.010. Moral and Conduct Standards of Boys State Citizens. Approved June 21, 1957.

20.010. 1. No citizens shall bring, obtain or retain firearms, fireworks or explosives in his possession.2. No citizen shall leave the grounds of the Boys State without permission of the director or dean of counselors, unless he is a member of an organized party accompanied by a counselor.3. No citizen shall bring, procure, retain or drink beer or any form of intoxicating liquor.4. No citizen shall appropriate, deface, or destroy Boys State property, the property of another citizen, or the property of the college.5. No citizen shall operate an automobile while at Boys State, even though he may have the consent of his parents.6. No citizen shall trespass in portions of buildings not definitely assigned to citizens of Boys State.7. No citizen shall participate in games of chance, or in any form of gambling.8. No citizen shall be offensively boisterous or rowdy in his personal conduct in meetings, in the dormitories, on the grounds, or while on trips away from the grounds of the Boys State, nor shall he use lewd, profane, or obscene language, or signs, or possess obscene pictures of printed material.9. Citizens shall not violate the rules of common courtesy and decency in their relations with each other. They shall be amena-

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ble to rules, ordinances and statutes of the government of Boys State, and shall cooperate with all duly elected or appointed citizens-officers. They shall respect the authority of counselors and shall conform to requests made by them in the line of duty.10. No citizen will be dismissed from Boys State without a full and complete hearing of all charges made against him, at which time he shall be privileged to face his accuser. There shall be no appeal from the decision of the director or administra-tion officer or officers designated by him to hear such a case.

20.020. Citizen’s Name Badges. Approved June 20, 1958.

20.020. 1. The name of the Missouri Boys State city of each citizen of Missouri Boys State shall be typed upon and under the name of each citizen and will be passed out to him at the time of registration.

Chapter 21 - Staff

21.010. Staff Badges of Identification. Approved June 23, 1950.

21.010. 1. All city counselors, athletic counselors, all members of the staff, and citizens of Missouri Boys State of Missouri shall be required while present upon the location of said Missouri Boys State of Missouri, to wear badges of identification. These badges shall state the name and position of the wearer, and must be worn at all times in plain sight.2. There shall be no connection of any of the staff with either political party, the aforementioned badges of identification shall be a completely different color and design from those of the citizens.3. Because of the great difficulty heretofore experienced by the citizens in properly addressing and introducing the members of the staff because of the lack of familiarity with their names, and because of the resulting importance of this bill to the welfare and happiness of the citizens of Boys State of Missouri, this bill shall become effective immediately upon its signing by the Governor thereof.

Title IV: Political Subdivisions, Agencies, And Commissions

Chapter 30 – Counties

30.010 The Missouri Boys State Model County Award - “The Jerry L. Litton Award”. Approved June 18, 1978.

30.010. 1. That the name of the Model County Award by changed to the Jerry L. Litton Model County Award.2. That this be done to commemorate a most famous public servant, politician, and the U.S. Representative from Chillicothe, who was tragically killed in a plane crash following his primary victory for the Democratic Party nomination for U.S. Senate.

30.020. Bradley County. Approved June 18, 1983.

30.010. 1. The name of one county at Boys State be named in honor of General Omar Bradley.2. That this be done to commemorate a most famous General and Missourian.

Chapter 31 – Cities

31.010. The Missouri Boys State Model City Award - “The Harry S. Truman Award.” Approved June 17, 1977.

31.010. 1. That the name of the Model City Award be changed to the Harry S. Truman Model City Award.2. That this be done to commemorate a most famous veteran, Legion member, politician, and the 33rd President of the Unit-ed States.

Chapter 32 – Agencies, Boards and Commissions

32.010. Boys State Lottery Commission. Approved June 20, 1988.

32.010. 1. On the first day of each session of Boys State, the Governor shall appoint a three-person Lottery Commission composed of one chairman and two associate commissioners.2. The purpose of the Lottery Commission is to establish and conduct games of chance to raise monies for state government purposes.3. The Lottery Commission shall be responsible for designing, establishing and conducting games of chance. All monies collected after playing such games of chance shall be turned over to the Director of Revenue and may be appropriated by the General Assembly. Only Boys State Bucks may be collected by the Lottery Commission. Games involving U.S. currency are

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strictly prohibited.

32.020. Missouri Boys State Gaming Commission. Approved June 19, 1998.

32.020. 1. A commissioner shall be established by the Governor on the first day of the session to regulate and administer casino gambling licenses to those individuals or cities who apply. This commissioner will operate separately and apart from the lottery commission.2. All who obtain casino gambling licenses shall be required to pay the regular business taxes as well as any other taxes placed on them be the City, County or State.3. Gambling will occur only during free time and will only use Boys State currency as tender. The use of U.S. currency is strictly prohibited. All participants and casinos shall conduct themselves in a fair manner and follow all rules as outlined in the Boys State citizen’s manual. Participants shall be responsible for their own finances and will accept all consequences that might result from gambling.4. Casinos are a business of entertainment; all rules and regulations affecting them will be enforced by the gaming commis-sioner.5. Let it be known that there shall be only one license per city, which shall be given to the party with the best proposal. Li-censes will be decided and awarded by the gaming commissioner.6. The June 21, 1957 statute on moral conduct section seven (7) is repealed.

Revisor’s Note: Subsection 7 refers to repealing the pre-revision Section 20.010.7, RSMBS.

Title V: Health and Welfare

Chapter 40

40.010. Vaccinations. Approved June 24, 1939.

40.010. 1. No person or persons whomsoever shall be admitted to attendance at Missouri Boys State unless they shall have first been vaccinated or inoculated against smallpox infection.

Title VI: Voting, Elections, And Campaigns

Chapter 50 – Voting

Chapter 51 – Elections

Chapter 52 – Campaigns

52.010. Campaign Materials. Approved June 21, 1957.

52.010. 1. No citizen of Boys State shall bring with him to Boys State any printed matter, posters, or other matter intended to further any campaign in which aforementioned citizen might take part.2. No candidate for state office shall place campaign material in the sight of or shall try to extensively influence the vote of any citizen of Boys State until 24 hours before the primary.3. Anyone found guilty of breaking this Statute will be automatically disqualified from holding any office that aforesaid print-ed matter, posters, etc. might have helped him obtain.4. This statute shall be printed and sent to every boy that is to attend Boys State along with his information booklet. It shall be printed in a very prominent place.5. Printed material shall include mimeographed, lithographed or any other mass-printed material.6. No printed campaign material may be sent for after arrival at Boys State.

Title VII: Conservation and Energy

Chapter 60 – Conservation

60.010. Aluminum Can Recycling.

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Approved June 19, 1992.60.010. 1. The dean of operations shall be responsible for furnishing each city and Boys State facility with proper recycling containers to be placed in its area, and he shall further be responsible for developing, implementing, and facilitating a yearly State Recycling Plan.2. A fine of not less than $1,000 nor more than $5,000 Boys State Bucks shall be assessed for each offense of any city or other Boys State entity found not actively and timely recycling aluminum cans.3. Boys State Bucks collected as a result of fines shall be delivered to the director of revenue for deposit in the Missouri Boys State General Fund.4. The dean of operations shall recycle the aluminum in a manner that is most beneficial to Missouri Boys State.5. (Appointment of new officials) The Mayor of each city shall appoint a city environmental recycling engineer. The county commission shall appoint a county environmental recycling engineer. The Governor of Missouri Boys State shall appoint a state environmental recycling engineer.6. The city environmental recycling engineer shall report directly to the county environmental recycling engineer. The county environmental recycling engineer shall report directly to the state environmental recycling engineer. The state environmental recycling engineer shall report directly to the dean of operations. The dean of operations shall have the responsibility of trans-porting the aluminum cans to the center he has chosen.7. The city, county, and state environmental recycling engineers shall daily deliver the collected cans to the dean of operations to a point he shall designate.8. The legal tender that is received from the aluminum cans shall be placed in the American Legion Boys State of Missouri Memorial Trust for the perpetuation of Missouri Boys State.

Title VIII: Business and Commerce

Chapter 70 – Businesses

70.010. The Mike Stewart Model Business Award. Approved June 19, 1998.

70.010. 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the 59th Session of Missouri Boys State that there will be an award pre-sented to the business that shows the best combination of profitability, originality and organization. Each city will be allowed one entrant into the contest, to be nominated by the city counselor. The winner will be selected by the dean of counselors.2. This award shall be named the “Mike Stewart Model Business Award” in honor of Mercial A. “Mike” Stewart, 9th Director of Missouri Boys State.

Title IX: Occupations and Professions

Chapter 80 – Attorneys

Chapter 81 – Law Enforcement Officers

Chapter 82 – Campaign and Political Operations

Chapter 83 – Legislative Employees

Chapter 84 – Journalists

84.010. Press Passes. Approved June 19, 1998.

84.010. 1. The media school reporters at Missouri Boys State shall be issued press passes.2. The passes shall be made in a different color and design than all other badges and passes at Missouri Boys State.3. All reporters shall be required to wear these passes for the duration of their employment with the Boys State media and shall not receive access to speakers, information, etc. without them.

Chapter 85 – Political Subdivision Employees

Title X: Civil and Criminal Procedure

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Chapter 90 General Provisions

90.010. An Act to Establish General Criminal Penalties and Civil Enforcement Procedures. Approved June 21, 1990.

90.010. 1. For any violation of Missouri Boys State statutes and rules of conduct, this statute shall apply in addition to any penalties that are elsewhere specifically prescribed.2. The judge before whom any criminal conviction is obtained may, in his discretion, levy and fine up to $50 in Boys State Bucks.3. In any civil case brought before a Missouri Boys State court, a money judgment payable in Boys State Bucks may be award-ed to a prevailing plaintiff or defendant who files a successful counterclaim. The amount of said judgment shall be such sum as is fair and reasonable to compensate for the wrong that gave rise to the successful claim.4. Any fine or money judgment levied or entered by a Missouri Boys State court may be enforced through garnishment by the Sheriff of any county in which the party owing the money may be found.

Title XI: Crimes and Punishment

Chapter 100 Premises

100.010. Desecration of Premises. Approved June 25, 1939.

100.010. 1. No person or persons whomsoever shall throw waste paper, food or any rubbish or debris of any kind or debris of any kind or character on or about the premises of Missouri Boys State except in receptacles provided for that purpose.2. Any person or persons violating the provisions of this Act shall be punished by sentence to policing the grounds for not more than one hour.3. Trial of cases arising under the provisions hereof shall be in the Circuit Court by either a circuit court judge or an associate circuit court judge.

100.020. Leaving the Premises. Approved June 24, 1939.

100.020. 1. It shall be unlawful for any citizen of Boys State to leave the premises occupied by Boys State during the session of Boys State, without the consent of the director or one of the officers of Boys State.2. Any citizen of Boys State found guilty of violating the provisions of Section I of this Act, may be dismissed from Boys State at the discretion of the officers and directors of Boys State, or punished by a sentence to policing of the premises of Boys State for a period not to exceed one hour.

Chapter 101 Immoral Behavior

101.010. Vulgarity. Approved June 23, 1939.

101.020. 1. No person or persons shall use, utter or expose any vulgar or obscene language or signs or signals in the presence of any woman or girls who might be upon the premises of Boys State.2. No citizen of Boys State shall utter any such language walking to or from the activities of Boys State.3. Any citizens convicted of violating any of the provisions of this Act shall be punished not to exceed one hour of policing the grounds of Boys State.

Chapter 102 Fraudulent Activity

102.020. Fraud. Approved June 24, 1939.

102.020.1 No person or persons shall offer for sale or sell any goods, wares, or merchandise of any kind or character within the limits of Boys State at any price in excess of the average price for the same or similar goods, ware or merchandise.2. Any person or persons, collectively or individually as associations or corporations who shall violate the provisions of this Act shall be forever barred from transacting any business upon the premises of Boys State.3. All citizens of Boys State shall cooperate in the enforcement of this Act by refusing to purchase from anyone convicted of violation of the provisions hereof.4. No citizens of Boys State shall take from any merchant any item not included in the purchase price such as cartons, bottles and the like.5. Any citizen of Boys State who shall violate the Provisions of Section IV hereof shall be tried in the Circuit Court of any Circuit within the State and if convicted shall be punished by a sentence to policing of the premises of Boys State for a period

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of not to exceed one hour.

Chapter 103 – Public Safety Offenses

103.010. Street crossing. Approved June 17, 1977.

103.010. 1. The crossing of any street or highway by a Boys State citizen at a place other than the corner or crosswalk where provided will be a punishable offense, classified as a misdemeanor.

Documents

CITIZEN HANDBOOK Citizen... · 2019. 5. 24. · differentiate yourself as to why you are the best candidate for a particular position along with talking about your ideas for MBS