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PNG, CNG Operation
and Distribution
CGD system – An Introduction
- History of Energy dynamism
- Challenges
- Neo energy forms and developments
- Natural Gas – The energy future
Demand Trend – Natural Gas
City Gas Distribution Concept
- PNG
- CNG
CONTENTS
CGD system – An Introduction
History of Energy dynamism
Wood and feed stock
Coal
Crude oil
Gas NCER Hydrogen Fuel
What Next ?????
CGD system – An Introduction
Challenges
• Environmental issues• Economical issues• Political issues
CGD system – An Introduction
CGD system – An Introduction
CGD system – An Introduction
CGD system – An Introduction
CGD system – An Introduction
CGD system – An Introduction
Challenges
• Environmental issues• Economical issues• Political issues
CGD system – An Introduction
• Natural Gas• Coal Gas• Bio mass• Hydrogen fuel• Wind energy• Solar Energy• Hydel Energy• Nuclear Energy
Neo energy forms and developments
….. And the search is ongoing…….
CGD system – An Introduction
• Availability• Economics
1) Processing (primary energy)
2) Distribution & Handling
3) Usage
3) Consumption• Environmental friendly• Safety
Natural Gas – The energy future
Yr. 2005 World Asia Pacific India
Energy Consumption (MTOE)
10224 3199 376
Energy Mix (%)
Coal 27% 47% 53%
Oil 37% 34% 32%
Natural gas 24% 10% 9%
Nuclear 6% 4% 1%
Hydro 6% 5% 5%
Oil & Gas Imports (MTOE)
2467 836 98(US$30 billion)
Growth in Energy (last 10 yrs)
Total Primary Enrgy 2.1% 4.2% 4.8%
Natural Gas 2.6% 6.0% 6.8%
Comparison of Energy mix of World, Asia Pacific and India
Gas consumption pattern in Indian market
2000 2005
Fertilizer 40% 29%
Power 38% 40%
Petrochemical & Refineries
5% 9%
LPG & other liquid HC
4% 4%
City Gas / CNG 1% 4%
Steel 6% 3%
Others 6% 11%
Total domestic gas demand (Hydro Carbon Vision 2025)
Sector Existing (bcm)
Additional (bcm)
Total (bcm)
Fertilizer 25.40 33.60 56.00
Power 28.50 148.42 176.92
Steel 3.0 7.00 10.00
Others (including Refinery and City Gas)
20.00 50.00 70.00
Development of Pipeline Network in a pre defined
geographical spread
Maintaining Different Levels of Gas Pressure to meet the Demand of various segments of gas users - Domestic, Commercial, Industrial and Automobiles.
Designing high pressure and medium pressure network such that supply to any consumer is possible from either side.
CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION CONCEPT
Contd….
Design gas storage for maximum survival period
Consider safety at all stages
Balance growth of all consumer sectors, specially
those cross subsidizing each other.
CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION CONCEPT
COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG)
- AUTOMOBILES
PIPED NATURAL GAS (PNG)
- DOMESTIC
- COMMERCIAL
- INDUSTRIAL
CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION (CGD) - Overview
Hassle free uninterrupted supply
Safe
Low operating costs
Infrastructure development – one time cost
No spillage and pilferage
Lower maintenance cost for appliances
PNG benefits
PNG SUPPLY SYSTEM
NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION PLAN
Battery
Lim
its
MA
IN T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N P
IPE
LIN
E
CITY GATE
CITY LIMITSEXECUTION & OPERATIONS
BYGAS DISTRIBUTION COMPANY
CGD - InfrastructureMajor Constituents of CGD are
City Gate station
Pipelines
Steel Pipelines
Poly Ethylene Pipelines
GI / Cu Pipes
Regulating Stations
CNG Stations
CGS is the location of Custody Transfer from Transmission
Company to Distribution Company.
CGS has following facilities with a stand by mode :
Filteration
Pressure Reduction
Metering
Odorization
CITY GATE STATION (CGS)
HIGH PRESSURE - Steel Pipeline MAOP
Class 150 # : 19 Kg/Cm2
Class 300 # : 49 Kg/Cm2
MEDIUM PRESSURE - PE Pipeline
PE 80 / PE 100
Pressure Range 4 Bar
LOW PRESSURE - GI & Copper
75 Mbar & 21 Mbar
NETWORK PRESSURE
NG Transportation & Distribution System
MDPE
Typical Piped Natural Gas Distribution Network
12” / 8” / 6” / 4” STEEL PIPELINE AT 19 BAR
4” STEEL PIPELINE
4 BAR 180 / 125 / 63 / 32 MM MDPE DISTRIBUTION MAIN UNDERGROUND PIPELINE
RESIDENTIAL PREMISES B / W
20 MM MDPE PIPELINE
GROUND LEVEL
• INLET – 17-32 BAR • OUTLET – 4 BAR • FILTER• TWIN STREAM REGULATION WITH SLAMSHUT-OFF • PRESSURE RELEIF • METER
GI RISER
PE / GI TRANSITION FITTING
METER
ISOLATION VALVE
KITCHEN B / W
APPLAINCE VALVE
FLEXIBLE RUBBER HOSE
BURNER
• 100 MBAR X 21 mBAR
• HIGH / LOW PRESSURE SLAM SHUT CUT OFF
• RELIEF VALVE
SERVICE REGULATOR
METER REGUATOR 100 Mbar to 21 mBAR
FIELD REGULATING STATION
PIPED NATURAL GAS SUPPLY MECHANISM (THREE STAGE)
PIPED NATURAL GAS SUPPLY MECHANISM (TWO STAGE)
FIELD REGULATING STATION
12” / 8” / 6” / 4” STEEL PIPELINE AT 19 BAR
4” STEEL PIPELINE
4 BAR 180 / 125 / 63 / 32 MM MDPE DISTRIBUTION MAIN UNDERGROUND PIPELINE
RESIDENTIAL PREMISES B / W
20 MM MDPE PIPELINE
GROUND LEVEL
• INLET – 17-32 BAR • OUTLET – 4 BAR • FILTER• TWIN STREAM REGULATION WITH SLAMSHUT-OFF • PRESSURE RELEIF • METER
GI RISER
PE / GI TRANSITION FITTING
METER
ISOLATION VALVE
KITCHEN B / W
APPLAINCE VALVE
FLEXIBLE RUBBER HOSE
BURNER
• 4 BAR X 21MBAR
• HIGH / LOW PRESSURE SLAM SHUT CUT OFF
• RELIEF VALVE
DOMESTIC REGULATOR
FIELD REGULATING STATION
REGULATOR
METERS
METER REGULATING STATIONS
MAJOR EQUIPMENT / COMPONENTS USED
FOR PNG DISTRIBUTION
FIELD REGULATING STATIONFEATURES
TYPE- TWIN STREAM ACTIVE- MONITOR REGULATORS WITH SLAMSHUT OF VALVES AND METER
INLET PRESSURE – 17 to 32 BAR OUT LET PRESSURE – 4 BAR DESIGN PRESSURE- 49 BAR MAX. FLOW- 5000 / 10000 SCMH
SAFETY FEATURES- ACTIVE- MONITOR
REGULATION OVER PRESSURE SHUT- OFF UNDER PRESSURE SHUT-OFF PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
METER TYPE- TURBINE / RPD WITH FLOW COMPUTER
REGULATOR AND METER
DOMESTIC REGULATORS TYPE- DIRECT ACTING INLET PRESSURE – 1.0 to 4 BAR OUT LET PRESSURE – 21 Mbar MAX. FLOW- 6.5 Cu.M/Hr. SAFETY FEATURES-
OVER PRESSURE SHUT- OFFUNDER PRESSURE SHUT-OFFRELIEF VALVE
DOMESTIC METER• TYPE – G-1.6• MAX. FLOW - 2.5 Cu.M/Hr.• MIN. FLOW – 0.016 Cu.M/Hr.• MOP- 300 mBAR• ACCURACY –
Q max TO 0.2 Q max + 2%0.2 Q max TO Q min + 3%
METERING REGULATING STATION INSTALLED AT COMMERCIAL`S
FEATURES CUSTOMISED TYPE- TWIN / SINGLE STREAM
REGULATORS WITH SLAMSHUT OF VALVES AND METER
INLET PRESSURE – 19 / 4 BAR OUT LET PRESSURE – AS REQUIRED DESIGN PRESSURE - AS REQUIRED MAX. FLOW - AS REQUIRED
SAFETY FEATURES - OVER PRESSURE SHUT-
OFF UNDER PRESSURE SHUT-
OFF PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
METER TYPE- TURBINE / RPD WITH FLOW COMPUTER
PRESSURE GAUGES
STANDARD PIPE SIZES BEING USED OD IN MM- 180, 125, 90, 63, 32, 20
ASSOCIATED FITTINGS
a. Coupler
b. Elbow
c. Tee
d. Reducer
e. Valve
f. Transition Fittings
g. Tapping Saddles
h. End Caps
MDPE PIPES AND FITTINGS
CATEGORIES OF PE FITTINGS ELECTRO FUSION FITTINGS
Injected moulded polyethylene accessories equipped with a heated element designed to transform electrical energy into heat to create self-welding
SPIGOT FITTINGS
PE fittings having smooth ends which requires electro fusion accessories to weld to other pipe / fittings
TYPES OF PE FITTINGS
PE PIPE COUPLERS
FOR JOINING PIPE TO PIPE AND PIPE TO FITTING
TAPPING SADDLE
FOR TAKING TAP-OOFS FROM LIVE LINES
REDUCERS
FOR CONNECTING PIPES OF DIFFERENT DIAMETER.
PE SHUT-OFF VALVES
FOR ISOLATING PE GAS PIPELINES
TYPES OF PE FITTINGS (Contd…) PE ELBOWS
FOR JOINING PIPES IN DIFFERENT ANGLE
TRANSITION FITTINGS
ADAPTORS FOR PE TO STEEL / GI.
END CAPS
INSTALLED AT THE END OF THE PIPELINE
EQUAL TEE
FOR BRANCHING OF PIPELINE NET WORK
CNG - History
Environmentally friendly fuel
Safe for vehicles
Low operating costs
Increases components / consumables life
Improves country economy
CNG Benefits
CNG Station Types
Types of CNG Stations – Gas supply
Online Station
HVJ Line
Compressor
VehicleDispenser
Cascades
90 bar
Types of CNG Stations – Gas supply
HVJ Line
Compressor
LCV
VehicleDispenser
Cascades
90 bar
Mother Station
Types of CNG Stations – Gas Supply
Daughter (Booster) Station
Cascades Booster Dispenser Vehicle
Types of CNG Stations – Filling
Types of CNG Stations – Filling
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout
Dryers
CNG Station Layout
Dryers
CNG Station Layout
Compressor
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout
Twin Hose Single Hose