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City of San Diegos Water and Energy NexusWorld Resources Simulation CenterSeptember 22, 2010

George J. Adrian, PEPublic Utilities Department Long-Range Planning & Water Resources Division1Sources of San Diegos Water Supply2

LAKESHASTALAKEOROVILLEState Water Project(Bay-Delta) 30%Colorado River 50%Local Supplies and Conservation 20%San Diego County imports ~80% of its water supply2San Diego Water System31.3 million people404 Square Miles Avg. Daily Consumption more than 200 MGD9 Raw Water Reservoirs 3 Water Treatment PlantsMore than 3,000 Miles of Pipelines27 Distribution Reservoirs/Standpipes50 Pump StationsMore than 110 Pressure Zones

The City operates and maintains a large, complex water system from sea level up to more 1,200 feet in elevation. Water is supplied by 3 water treatment plants with a design capacity of 294 million gallons per day and 5 imported treated water connections. It is moved across the City to more than 110 pressures zones through 3,000 miles of pipelines, 50 pump stations and over 900 pressure regulators.

In addition to providing potable water to the residents of San Diego, the City provides water to the cities of Del Mar, Coronado, and Imperial Beach.

1.3 million people404 Square Miles Avg. Daily Consumption more than 200 MGD9 Raw Water Reservoirs 3 Water Treatment PlantsMore than 3,000 Miles of Pipelines27 Distribution Reservoirs/Standpipes50 Pump StationsMore than 110 Pressure Zones

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By 2030 San Diego may need 11% more water2007: 248,000 acre-feet per year2030: 275,925acre-feet per year San Diego Keeps Growing 4SDs desirable climate is one reason the local population continues to grow.Our growing population is estimated to increase demands for water 11 percent by 2030 (source: Urban Water Mgmt 2005)Population projections indicate the city will grow from 1.3 million to 1.6 million by the year 2030.

Source: SANDAG

By year 2050, 20 million more people in the State of California

Local Surface Water3%Recycled Water 3%Conservation15%Imported79%Source: City of SD Public Utilities Department 8/16/10FY 2010 ActualsWater Supply Portfolio5FY2011CategoryWater use (AF)PercentageLocal Surface Water6,0992.6%Imported Water187,208 79.5%Conservation34,31714.6%Recycled Water7,9523.4%

Total235,576100%

Imported water costs more than $123 million annually (FY09).

Largest line item in the departments annual budget.

Carbon Footprint by Water Source6

ColoradoRiverAqueductStateWaterProjectGroundwaterRecycledWaterSeawaterDesalBrackishGroundwaterDesalOCWD Groundwater Replenishment ProjectkWh/AFSource: Pacific Institute analysis regarding SDCWA dataSource of OCWD GW Replenishment: City of San DiegoOne of the aspects to consider with regard to future energy and carbon savings is related to the carbon footprint of our source water supplies. As I previously mentioned, San Diego imports up to 90% of our water from Northern California and the Colorado River. As you can see from this chart, the carbon footprint of our imported water supplies is relatively high thats because we are literally at the end of the pipelines. In addition, because San Diego receives, on average, 10 inches of rain annually and has limited groundwater basins, we need to consider all potential water supplies to meet our future needs. Although we have not considered this in the past, we expect that future water supply decisions will include consideration of the carbon footprint, not only from the local project level but region and state level also.

6Adaptation: Local Water SuppliesWater ConservationLocal Runoff - ReservoirsRecycled WaterBrackish Groundwater DesalinationGroundwater Conjunctive UseSeawater Desalination (San Diego Region)On-site alternatives:GraywaterStormwater capture

7Electricity Demand in State of California19% of electricity in California is water related8Refining Estimates of Water Related Energy Use In California, CEC, December 2006

Electricity demand in state of California (for year 2001)

Agricultural, 7,372Residential, 13,528Commercial, 8,341Industrial, 6,017Water Supply and Treatment, 10,742Wastewater Treatment, 2,012

For 19% of state electricity usage

Balance is 81% or Balance, 202,482 GWHTotal Electricity Demand in 2001 = 250,454 GWh8Estimated Energy Intensity of Water in San Diego CountyRelationship of water to energy, broken down

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Energy Down the Drain, NRDC, August 2004End-Use - 56% - 3,900 kWh/af Wastewater Treatment 8% - 570 kWh/af Sources and Conveyance 30% - 2,040 kWh/af Distribution - 5% - 330 kWh/afWater treatment 1% - 60 kWh/af9Refining Estimates of Water Related Energy Use In California Indoor usesOutdoor usesNorthern CaliforniaSouthern CaliforniaNorthern CaliforniaSouthern CaliforniakWh/MGkWh/MGkWh/MGkWh/MGWater Supply & Conveyance2,1179,7272,1179,727Water Treatment111111111111Water Distribution1,2721,2721,2721,272Wastewater Treatment1,9111,91100Regional Total5,41113,0223,50011,11110CEC, December 200610Residential water energy useResidential Water Use % Water Use Energy for Heating (kWh/AF) Energy in Distribution, Treatment, wastewater treatment, and Conveyance , (kWh/AF) Energy Use Total (kWh/AF) % Water-Energy Use Toilet 2403,239

3,2395Dishwasher 236,8673,239

40,1065ClothsWasher 1436,8673,239

40,10634Shower 2136,8673,239

40,10651Landscape 4002,4242,424

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% Annual Water-Energy Use 100%82%12%100%100%11The interaction of water and energy In California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, June 12, 200885% of water energy use is for two items11Interaction of Water and Energy12

The interaction of water and energy In California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, June 12, 2008DesalinizationShasta (storage)Visualizing SustainabilityAcceptable Uses for WaterEstablishing prioritiesResidential AgriculturalBusinesstourismRecreation Change in User Behavior PatternsAdjust expectations for uses and quantity of water to correspond to prioritiesProvide feedback, show visual link to water use and economic health13Challenges to the CityEfficient /effective use of water Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR)Recycled waterStormwater Rainwater harvestingGraywaterChanging public perception of water, its value and real costUsing less water or using the water you have more efficiently ConservationAlternative landscapingEdible gardens..minimal lawns

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Use the water we have more effectively, and efficiently, ultimately requiring less water by incorporation any of the following14Whats at Stake?Water shortages or rationingCreation of unsustainable systems, leading to water and other shortages for future generations.Quality of lifeEconomy?Food diversity and security?Energy brownouts.

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1. Fortress community2. Policy reform3. Great Transition4. Market forces.15Possible Breakthroughs16

Sustainable systems and the relationship between water and energy and earth systems (greenhouse gases)Multiple (hence efficient) use of water for our needsRecycled waterAdvanced treated waterGraywater useRecovery of water (hence energy) for other uses.Rainwater captureRe-landscape (contours to capture water) - Stormwater diversionsRetail market that primarily supports water efficient plants

New appreciation of sustainable systems and the interdependency of water and energy and with life systems (greenhouse gases)Multiple (hence efficient) use of water for our needsRecycled waterAdvanced treated waterGraywater useRecovery of water (hence energy) for other uses.Rainwater captureRe-landscape (contours to capture water)Other Stormwater diversionsCarbon sequestration through plant growth while cleaning water

16Thank YouGeorge J. Adrian , PE San Diego Public Utilities Departmentgadrian@sandiego.gov17That concludes my presentation. Thank you.17San Diego is Conserving18Fiscal YearPopulation x 1000Reduced Water DemandWater Demand in Acre-feetCurrent citywide water usage is approximately at the same level it was 18 years ago, despite an increase in population of about 280,000 people. In fiscal year 2008, the total demand reached 245,000 acre-feet, close to the 243,000 acre-feet used in fiscal year 1990. Effective June 1, 2009, the City of San Diego moved into Level 2 of its Drought Plan requiring mandatory conservation. Through October 2009, San Diegans have achieved an additional 12% reduction in water use above water consumption compared to a similar period in previous years.

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kWh/AF

Sheet1TreatmentPumpingCalifornia Aqueduct3250Colorado River Aqueduct2000Indirect Potable Reuse1100250Recycled Water300700Groundwater570Seawater Deslination (Carlsbad)4600400California Aqueduct2000State Water Project3200Groundwater550Recycled Water500Seawater Deslination4100Brackish Water Desal1050Indirect Potable Reuse1070

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Sheet2

Sheet220003200550500410010501070

Chart120003200550500410010502250

kWh/AF

Sheet1TreatmentPumpingCalifornia Aqueduct3250Colorado River Aqueduct2000Indirect Potable Reuse1100250Recycled Water300700Groundwater570Seawater Deslination (Carlsbad)4600400California Aqueduct2000State Water Project3200Groundwater550Recycled Water500Seawater Deslination4100Brackish Water Desal1050Indirect Potable Reuse1070

Sheet1

Chart10.029429846673720.0540052856135280.033298202883410.024020535460170.0428832627107420.008032128520120.8083307385202482

Column1GWhGigawatt Hours (GWH)81%

Sheet1Column1GWhAgricultural3%7,372Residential5%13,528Commercial3%8,341Industrial2%6,017Water Supply and Treatment4%10,742Wastewater Treatment1%2,012Balance81%202,482250494To resize chart data range, drag lower right corner of range.

Chart10.560.080.010.050.3

kWh/af

Sheet1kWh/afkWh/afEnd Use56%3900Wastewater treatment8%570water treatment1%60distribution5%330sources and conveyance30%2040To resize chart data range, drag lower right corner of range.