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7/18/2019 City of Westminster
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City of Westminster
The City of Westminster ( i/ˈwɛstmɪnstər/) is an Inner
London borough which occupies much of the central area
of Greater London including most of the West End. It
is to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of Lon-
don, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kens-
ington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the
River Thames. It was created with the 1965 establish-
ment of Greater London. Upon creation, Westminster
was awarded city status, which had been previously held
by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster.
Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, thepopulation density of the district is high. Many sites com-
monly associated with London are in the borough, includ-
ing St. James’s Palace, Buckingham Palace, the Houses
of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The borough is di-
vided into a number of localities including the ancient po-
litical district of Westminster around the Palace of West-
minster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent
Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time en-
tertainment district of Soho. Much of the borough is res-
idential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a popula-
tion of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City
Council.
1 History
The origins of the City of Westminster pre-date the
Norman Conquest of England. In the mid-11th Century
king Edward the Confessor began the construction of an
abbey at Westminster, only the foundations of which sur-
vive today. Between the abbey and the river he built a
palace, thereby guaranteeing that the seat of Government
would be fixed at Westminster, and inevitably drawingpower and wealth west out of the old City of London.[2]
For centuries Westminster and the City of London were
geographically quite distinct. It was not until the six-
teenth century that houses began to be built over the ad-
joining fields, eventually absorbing nearby villages such
as Marylebone and Kensington, and gradually creating
the vast Greater London that exists today. Westminster
briefly became a city (in the sense of the seat of a bishop)
in 1540 when Henry VIII created the short-lived Diocese
of Westminster.
The present-day City of Westminster as an administra-
tive entity with its present boundaries dates from 1965,when the City of Westminster was created from the for-
mer area of three metropolitan boroughs: St Marylebone,
Paddington, and the smaller Metropolitan Borough of
Westminster, which included Soho, Mayfair, St. James’s,
Strand, Westminster, Pimlico, Belgravia, and Hyde Park.
This re-structuring took place under the London Govern-
ment Act 1963, which significantly reduced the number
of local government districts in London, resulting in local
authorities responsible for larger geographical areas and
greater populations.
The Westminster Metropolitan Borough was itself the re-
sult of an administrative amalgamation which took place
in 1900. Sir John Hunt O.B.E was the First Town Clerkof the City of Westminster, 1900–1928.
Prior to 1900, the area occupied by what would become
the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster had been ad-
ministered by five separate local bodies: the Vestry of
St George Hanover Square, the Vestry of St Martin in
the Fields, Strand District Board of Works, Westminster
District Board of Works and the Vestry of Westminster
St James.
The boundaries of the City of Westminster today, as well
as those of the other London boroughs, have remained
more or less unchanged since the Act of 1963.
2 Demography
According to the 2011 census, the city had a population
of 219,396. Approximately 61.6% of the population are
White (British: 35.2%, Irish: 2.3%, and Other White:
24.1%). 14.6% are of any Asian ethnicity (Including Chi-
nese), 7.5% Black,7.2% Arab, 5.2% Mixed, and 3.9%
belong to other racial groups.
3 Governance
3.1 Local government
The city is divided into 20 wards, each electing three
councillors. Westminster City Council is currently com-
posed of 48 Conservative Party members and 12 Labour
Party members.[3][4]
A Lord Mayor is elected annually to serve as the offi-
cial representative of the city for one year. See List ofLord Mayors of Westminster for a list of former Mayors
(1900–1965) and Lord Mayors (1965 to date).
1
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2 5 ECONOMY
3.2 UK Parliament
4 Districts
Main article: List of districts in the City of Westminster
The City of Westminster covers all or part of the follow-
ing areas of London:
• Bayswater
• Belgravia (shared with the Royal Borough of Kens-
ington and Chelsea)
• Covent Garden (shared with the London Borough of
Camden)
• Fitzrovia (shared with the London Borough of Cam-
den)
• Hyde Park
• Knightsbridge (shared with the Royal Borough of
Kensington and Chelsea)
• Lisson Grove
• Maida Vale
• Mayfair
• Marylebone
• Millbank
• Paddington
• Pimlico
• St James’s
• St John’s Wood
• Soho, including Chinatown
• "Theatreland"
• Victoria
• Westbourne Green
• West End (shared with the London Borough of Cam-
den)
• Westminster City Centre
5 Economy
The City of Westminster is home to a large number of
companies. Many leading global corporations have cho-
sen to establish their global or European headquarters in
the City of Westminster. Mayfair and St. James’s within
the City of Westminster also have a large concentration
of hedge fund and private equity funds. The West End
is known as the Theatre District and is home to many of
the leading performing arts businesses. Soho and its ad-
joining areas house a concentration of media and creative
companies. Oxford Street is one of the leading shopping
destinations in the world. The list of companies includes
BP head office in St. James’s , City of Westminster
The Economist Building, St James’s Street
• BAE Systems has its head office in
Westminster[5][6][7]
• BBC has its head office in the Broadcasting House[8]
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3
• BP has its global headquarters in St. James’s,
Westminster.[9][10]
• Houlihan Lokey, the international investment bank,
has its London offices at 83 Pall Mall, London,
Westminster.[11]
• Pearson PLC and subsidiary Penguin Group: head-
quartered in a facility in Westminster.[12][13]
• Rio Tinto Group, a multinational Australian-British
company, has its UK head office in Westminster.[14]
• Economist Group, publisher of The Economist and
other materials, is headquartered in Westminster.[15]
• Kingfisher plc has its head office in Paddington,
Westminster[16]
• SABMiller has its head office in Westminster.[10][17]
• British American Tobacco has its head office in the
Globe House in the City of Westminster.[18]
• Marks & Spencer has its head office in the Waterside
House.[19]
• Swire Group has its head office in the Swire
House[20]
• Pret a Manger has its head office in Westminster.[21]
• Rolls-Royce Group has its head office in
Westminster.[22]
• Global Infrastructure Partners has an office in
Westminster.[23]
• EasyGroup has its head office in Mayfair, City of
Westminster.[24]
• Gulf Oil International has its head office in the
city.[25]
• AstraZeneca has its head office in
Westminster.[10][26][27]
• Informa has its London office, including its Investor
Relations and Media Centre departments, in the In-forma House[28]
• Petrofac possesses an office on Jermyn Street, near
Oxford Circus.
• Acknowledging Youths has its head office in Pimlico
Resource Centre
• Northrop Grumman has its UK offices in Clareville
House.[29]
• Korean Air has its European head office in the City
of Westminster.[30]
• Iraqi Airways has its London sales office in the IKB
House in City of Westminster.[31]
The Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office, London is
in Westminster.[10][32]
Companies that previously had their head offices in
the City of Westminster include Imperial Chemical
Industries (ICI), British Aircraft Corporation,[10][33]
British Midland (Portland House),
[34]
British United Air-ways,[35] British Mediterranean Airways,[36] Cadbury,[37]
Diageo,[38] BAA Limited,[10][39][40] Lloyd International
Airways,[41] and P&O Princess Cruises.[42] In addition,
Iran Air previously had its Piccadilly main sales office in
the city.[43][44]
6 Landmarks
Piccadilly Circus
Main article: List of tourist attractions in Westminster
Further information: List of roads in the City of West-
minster
The City of Westminster contains many of the most fa-
mous sites in London. Some of the popular tourist sites
are Buckingham Palace, Palace of Westminster (Houses
of Parliament) and Big Ben and nearby WestminsterAbbey.
6.1 Parks and open spaces
Main article: Westminster parks and open spaces
These include Green Park, Hyde Park, Kensington Gar-
dens, Regent’s Park and St. James’s Park. In addition to
parks and open spaces within the borough, the City ownsand maintains East Finchley Cemetery and crematorium
in the London Borough of Barnet.
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4 8 EDUCATION
London Marylebone
7 Transport
7.1 Bridges
These include Chelsea Bridge, Grosvenor Bridge,
Vauxhall Bridge, Lambeth Bridge, Westminster Bridge,
Hungerford Bridge and Waterloo Bridge, listed west to
east (downstream).
7.2 National Rail stations
Stations include: London Charing Cross; serving the
South Eastern Main Line via South East London and
Kent. London Marylebone; serving the Chiltern Main
Line via North East London, the West Midlands and
Birmingham. London Paddington; serving the Great
Western Main Line via South West England, Wales
and Heathrow Airport and London Victoria; serving the
Brighton Main Line and the Chatham Main Line. These
are all main London termini stations.
7.3 London Underground
The City of Westminster is served by 27 tube stations,
and 10 of the 11 Underground lines (the Waterloo and
City line is the exception).
7.4 Electric charging points
Westminster City Council now has electric vehicle charg-
ing points in 15 locations through the city (13 car parks
and two on-street points). Users pay an annual feeto cover administration costs to register and use the
points.[45]
7.5 Travel to work
In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents
used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light
rail, tram, 21.0% of all residents aged 16–74; on foot,
9.3%; bus, minibus or coach, 9.3%; driving a car or van,
6.0%; work mainly at or from home, 5.5%; bicycle, 3.1%;train, 3.0%.[46]
8 Education
The main entrance to the London School of Economics
Main article: List of schools in the City of Westminster
Westminster Children’s Services administers many pri-
mary and secondary schools. In addition, there are sev-
eral state-funded faith schools, primarily Church of Eng-
land (CE), and Roman Catholic (RC), but Christian non-
denominational (ND) schools are also in the borough,[47]
and there are several non-profit-making junior and senior
independent schools.
8.1 Universities and colleges
• The University of Westminster has its three cam-puses in the borough; 309 Regent Street (with 4-12
/ 16 Little Titchfield Street and 32 / 38 Wells Street
buildings uniting under the same campus), 115 New
Cavendish Street, and 25 Marylebone Road.
• The Strand campus of King’s College London is lo-
cated within the district.
• The London Business School, in Regent’s Park.
• The London School of Economics, at Clare Market,
near Aldwych.
• The Royal Academy of Music, on Marylebone
Road.
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5
• University of the Arts London has constituent col-
leges in Millbank (Chelsea College of Art and De-
sign) and Oxford Street (London College of Fash-
ion).
• The Courtauld Institute of Art, in Somerset House,
Strand.• Brigham Young University London Centre, on
Palace Court.
• The northern half of Imperial College London's
main South Kensington campus lies within the bor-
ough.
• City of Westminster College is a further education
college with campuses on Paddington Green and at
Queens Park. It also owns the Cockpit Theatre,
which is used as a training and performance venue.
• Regent’s College, whose campus is within the
grounds of Regent’s Park, which houses: European
Business School London; Regent’s American Col-
lege London; Regent’s Business School; School of
Psychotherapy and Counselling; Webster Graduate
School; Internexus, a provider of English language
courses.
• Westminster Kingsway College is a further educa-
tion college with centres in Soho and Victoria in
Westminster. It also has centres in Camden.
8.2 Public libraries
The London Library, an independent lending library, is
at 14 St. James Square.[10][48]
The city operates one reference library, the Westmin-
ster Reference Library.[49] City-operated public lending
libraries in Westminster include:
• Charing Cross Library[50]
• Church Street Library[51]
• The Maida Vale Library[52]
• Marylebone Library[53]
• Mayfair Library[54]
• Paddington Library[55]
• Pimlico Library[56]
• Queen’s Park Library[57]
• St. John’s Wood Library[58]
• Victoria Library[59]
In addition the city has two specialist libraries, the West-
minster Music Library, the largest music library in theUnited Kingdom,[60] and the Westminster Chinese Li-
brary in the Charing Cross Library.[61]
Charing Cross Library
9 Home ownership
In terms of tenure, the borough ranks highest on one stan-
dard criteria in analysing housing supply and demand,
the proportion of private rented accommodation relative
to other types of housing in England. This is indicative
of a high density of development and higher investment
demand relative to other districts in England and most
of the 15 highest-ranking local authorities are boroughs
of Greater London. Tourism also increases the propor-
tion of willing third-party landlords, as the two authori-
ties which are outside of London in the list are England’s
largest south coast holiday resorts.
10 International relations
10.1 Twin towns – sister cities
• Sylhet, Bangladesh
11 See also
• History of local government in London
• History of London
• London Government Act 1963
• London Underground
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6 13 NOTES
Methodist Central Hall Westminster is part of the Methodist
Church of Great Britain.
• River Westbourne
• Tri-borough shared services
• Westminster
• Westminster City Council
• Westminster St Margaret and St John
12 References
• Gray, Robert, A History of London, Hutchinson &
Co, London, 1978, ISBN 0-09-133140-4
13 Notes
[1] 2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England
and Wales , Office for National Statistics (2012). See
Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom for the
full descriptions used in the 2011 Census.
[2] Gray, p. 68
[3] City Council Elections 2010 - Results at westmin-
ster.gov.uk
[4] Previous Elections (for by-election results) at westmin-
ster.gov.uk
[5] "Company Info.” BAE Systems. Retrieved on 31 Au-
gust 2011. “Registered office 6 Carlton Gardens, London,
SW1Y 5AD, United Kingdom”
[6] "London > BAE Systems plc.” BAE Systems. Retrieved
on 31 August 2011. “BAE Systems plc Address London
- Stirling Square Carlton Gardens London SW1Y 5AD
United Kingdom "
[7] "Head Office.” BAE Systems. Retrieved on 31 August
2011. “As you might expect, our London Head Office
is the base for our Executive Board and for other senior
group managers in strategic roles.” and “Head Office is lo-
cated in Central London but also has a number of support
functions and functional specialists based in Farnborough,
Hampshire.”
[8] "Terms and Conditions.” BBC. Retrieved on 6 January
2010. “British Broadcasting Corporation Broadcasting
House, Portland Place, London, W1A 1AA.”
[9] "Contact BP in the United Kingdom.” BP. Retrieved on18 August 2009.
[10] "Maps.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on 28 August
2009.
[11] ".” BP. Retrieved on 22 December 2011.
[12] "Investor Contacts.” Pearson PLC. Retrieved on 28 Au-
gust 2009.
[13] "26. What is Penguin Books Limited’s company registra-
tion number?.” Penguin Books. Retrieved on 28 August
2009.
[14] "Contact Us.” Rio Tinto Group. Retrieved on 9 April2010. “Rio Tinto plc head office 2 Eastbourne Terrace
London W2 6LG UK”
[15] "Locations.” Economist Group. Retrieved on 12 Septem-
ber 2009. “The Economist Group 25 St James’s Street
London, SW1A 1HG United Kingdom”
[16] "Kingfisher Group.” Kingfisher plc. Retrieved on 2 Febru-
ary 2011. “Corporate Responsibility Kingfisher plc 3
Sheldon Square Paddington London W2 6PX.”
[17] "United Kingdom.” SABMiller. Retrieved on 20 October
2009. “SABMiller plc Head office One Stanhope Gate
London W1K 1AF England”
[18] "Contact us.” British American Tobacco. Retrieved on 15
December 2009.
[19] "Company > Contacts.” Marks & Spencer. Retrieved on
21 June 2010.
[20] "Contact Information JOHN SWIRE & SONS OF-
FICES.” Swire Group. Retrieved on 12 September 2011.
“John Swire & Sons Ltd. Swire House 59 Buckingham
Gate London SW1E 6AJ England”
[21] "Welcome to Pret.” Pret a Manger. Retrieved on 27
February 2010.
[22] “Rolls-Royce headquarters”. Rolls-Royce Group plc. Re-
trieved 28 September 2010.
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7
[23] "Contact Us.” Global Infrastructure Partners. Retrieved
on 27 February 2010.
[24] "About Us.” EasyGroup. Retrieved on 10 March 2010.
[25] "Privacy Policy.” Gulf Oil International. Retrieved on 10
March 2010.
[26] "Legal Notice.” AstraZeneca. Retrieved on 12 March
2010.
[27] "United Kingdom.” AstraZeneca. Retrieved on 12 March
2010.
[28] "Global Contacts.” Informa. Retrieved on 4 Febru-
ary 2011. “Head Office Gubelstrasse 11 CH-6300 Zug
Switzerland”
[29] "Company Locations.” Northrop Grumman. Retrieved
on 6 September 2011. “Northrop Grumman Corporation
United Kingdom Headquarters Clareville House Oxendon
Street London SW1Y 4EL UK”
[30] "Company Info / Contact Info.” Korean Air. Retrieved on
30 August 2011. “Europe Headquarters 66/68 Piccadilly,
London, W1J 0HJ, U.K”
[31] "London Office.” Iraqi Airways. Retrieved on 30 August
2011. “Sales Office in London Address: IKB House 230
Edgware Road London , W2 1DW”
[32] "Contact Us.” Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office,
London. Retrieved on 21 January 2009.
[33] Gardner, Charles. British Aircraft Corporation: A History.
Batsford, 1981. 40. Retrieved from Google Books on 1
September 2011. “The London headquarters chosen for
bac were at 100 Pall Mall - on the top floors of a new
concrete box which had sprung up on the site of the old,
historic (and bombed) Carlton Club. It was the view of
bac that small London headquarters[...]"
[34] “World Airline Directory.” Flight International . 28
September 1967. 530. "Head Office: 78 Buckingham
Gate, London SW1”
[35] “World Airline Directory.” Flight International . 28
September 1967. 530. "Head Office: Portland House,
Stag Place, London SW1”
[36] “World Airline Directory.” Flight International . 29
March-4 April1995. 62. “53 Mount Street, LondonW1Y5RE, UK”
[37] Muspratt, Caroline. "Cadbury swaps Mayfair for
Uxbridge.” The Daily Telegraph. 1 June 2007. Retrieved
on 27 April 2010.
[38] "Contact us.” Diageo. Retrieved on 15 December 2009.
“main content Diageo plc 8 Henrietta Place LONDON
W1G ONB”
[39] "BAA plc Head Office, Victoria, London.” BAA Limited.
Retrievedon 2 October 2010. “BAA plc 130 Wilton Road
London SW1V 1LQ:"
[40] "BAA Offices - Location Maps.” BAA Limited. 17March 2006. Retrieved on 2 October 2010. “BAA plc
Head Office, Victoria, London (121KB).”
[41] “World Airline Directory.” Flight International . 12 April
1962. 548. "Head Office: Princes House, 190/195 Pic-
cadilly, London Wl.”
[42] "Contact.” P&O Princess Cruises. 5 June 2002. Re-
trieved on 19 September 2011. “P&O Princess Cruises
plc Registered office: 77 New Oxford Street London
WC1A 1PP UK”
[43] "IranAir moves to new offices.” Iran Air. Retrieved on 29
February 2012. “177-179 Hammersmith Road, London,
W6 8BS”
[44] "Ticket Payment Information.” Iran Air. Retrieved on
29 February 2012. “Iran Air Sales Office, 73 Piccadilly,
London W1J 8QX”
[45] City of Westminster: Additional on street charging points
for electric vehicles
[46] “2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, lo-
cal authorities in England and Wales”. Office for National
Statistics. Retrieved 23 November 2013. Percentages are
of all residents aged 16–74 including those not in employ-
ment. Respondents could only pick one mode, specified
as the journey’s longest part by distance.
[47] Westminster Education service accessed 17 May 2007
[48] "Visit.” The London Library. Retrieved on 21 January
2009.
[49] "Westminster Reference Library.” City of Westminster.
Retrieved on 21 January 2009.
[50] "Charing Cross Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved
on 21 January 2009.
[51] "Church Street Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved
on 21 January 2009.
[52] "Maida Vale Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on
21 January 2009.
[53] "Marylebone Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on
21 January 2009.
[54] "Mayfair Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on 21
January 2009.
[55] "Paddington Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on
21 January 2009.[56] "Pimlico Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on 21
January 2009.
[57] "Queen’s Park Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved
on 21 January 2009.
[58] "St. John’s Wood Library.” City of Westminster. Re-
trieved on 21 January 2009.
[59] "Victoria Library.” City of Westminster. Retrieved on 21
January 2009.
[60] "Westminster Music Library.” City of Westminster. Re-
trieved on 21 January 2009.
[61] "Westminster Chinese Library.” City of Westminster.
Retrieved on 21 January 2009.
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8 14 EXTERNAL LINKS
[62] Office for National Statistics 2011 Census Key Statistics:
Tenure.
• https://www.westminster.gov.uk/
hanwell-cemetery
14 External links
• City of Westminster
• Westminster, by Sir Walter Besant and Geraldine
Edith Mitton and A. Murray Smith, 1902, from
Project Gutenberg
• Westminster City Council YouTube channel
• West End Extra A local newspaper covering the City
of Westminster
Coordinates: 51°30′N 00°08′W / 51.500°N 0.133°W
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9
15 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
15.1 Text
• City of Westminster Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Westminster?oldid=663730467 Contributors: Mark, SimonP, KF,Edward, Liftarn, Gabbe, Mac, Jdforrester, Andres, John K, EdH, Dcoetzee, Stevewestinlondon, Lfh, WhisperToMe, Steinsky, Astro-train, Morwen, Secretlondon, Jusjih, Francs2000, Sjorford, Globe199, ChrisO~enwiki, Timrollpickering, Wereon, MykReeve, Jooler,
Fabiform, Marnanel, Lupin, Satisam, VampWillow, Tagishsimon, Chowbok, Keith Edkins, Fys, Mgream, Rdsmith4, OwenBlacker, SamHocevar, MRSC, Joyous!, Martewa~enwiki, Kate, Sdrawkcab, Ham II, Chris j wood, Discospinster, Cnyborg, Gerry Lynch, SElefant,Kwamikagami, Nick Smale, Jammydodger, Dpaajones, Voyager, Peter Shearan, Mithent, DreamGuy, Deror avi, Bastin, Woohookitty,RHaworth, LoopZilla, Uncle G, Laurel Bush, Kostya, James26, Kbdank71, NebY, Jcmo, Tim!, Oliver Chettle, CalJW, JdforresterBot,Imnotminkus, Coolhawks88, Mahahahaneapneap, Diliff, Lofty, Hede2000, Stephenb, Aeusoes1, Ideru, Rayc, David Underdown, Franz-kafka, Orioane, Sotakeit, Chanheigeorge, A bit iffy, SmackBot, Skeezix1000, Kokoo, Hmains, Bluebot, Jprg1966, JaT~enwiki, ColoniesChris, Gsp8181, Zleitzen, Lozleader, Grover cleveland, Kippaxed, DinosaursLoveExistence, Sjoh0050, John, SilkTork, UpDown, Bjanku-loski06en~enwiki, Mr Stephen, AxG, Neddyseagoon, Asteuartw, Agilchrist, Birdhurst, Simply south, Cydebot, Esinem, Danrok, Icemanof-barcelona101, Christian75, DumbBOT, BenShade, After Midnight, Jed keenan, Thijs!bot, Headbomb, Stevvvv4444, Ablonus, Thingyma-jig, John Smythe, Kbthompson, El.Bastardo, Hassocks5489, Deflective, Fitnr, VoABot II, JamesBWatson, Kenaldinho10, Nyttend, Jatkins,The Anomebot2, Flaming Ferrari, R'n'B, Gammondog, Chaz1dave, Athaenara, Drasai, Acalamari, DjScrawl, SuzanneKn, Belovedfreak,Andy Marchbanks, One Night In Hackney, Meaningful Username, AlastairIrvine, Joseph Plotz, TXiKiBoT, Malinaccier, Bleaney, Deathar-dath, Motmit, Pilch62, Biscuittin, SieBot, Paulbrock, Adam37, Lightmouse, Millstream3, Presidentman, Anchor Link Bot, Ozeye, Jza84,Bigen182, Midx1004, Amazonien, TonyDodson, Beeblebrox, Kentem, Piledhigheranddeeper, Auntof6, TheGreenEditor, Njardarlogar,SchreiberBike, DumZiBoT, Darkicebot, Likelife, Kbdankbot, Ronhjones, Nomad2u001, Zarcadia, NjardarBot, LaaknorBot, Ayoopdog,
Debresser, Favonian, Lightbot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Ptbotgourou, Ermengol Patalín, T3hbrian, AnomieBOT, 1exec1, Kalamkaar, CameronScott, Kroschka Ru, Xqbot, Almabot, Karl1587, Beevo, Mattis, FrescoBot, Alonso de Mendoza, 10metreh, Plucas58, Moonraker, Skol fir,RedBot, Tetron76, Elekhh, FoxBot, BaldBoris, Libby norman, Thomas Peardew, The Universe Is Cool, EmausBot, Dewritech, Haynestre,Alexlec1986, Rcsprinter123, Lexusuns, City of Lukington, Londtime, Lukington, Rangoon11, SweetBabyGirl06, Rossi101, Omnisome,Frietjes, Hazhk, Kasirbot, Helpful Pixie Bot, Beaumont877, Dan653, Alirezabot, Tammynewell88, Zhu Haifeng, Marouza82, IkbenFrank,Dikaalnas, Pisabuilding, Brian1997, Miyadeh, Rob984, Yamaha5, Inglok, Eric Corbett, Leonardsamarcus, OccultZone, SkateTier, EJTam-lyn, NewKingsRoad, MarieRuddy, Schaf Oda Nix Schaf, Amhaaw19, JuandisCV, Dravidosaurus, Greg viper and Anonymous: 137
15.2 Images
• File:BPheadoffice.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/BPheadoffice.JPG License: Public domain Con-
tributors: Own work Original artist: WhisperToMe
• File:Big_Ben_Clear_Skies.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Big_Ben_Clear_Skies.JPG License:
CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Lachlan Fearnley
•
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