Civics 3.02Civics 3.02Local Gov’t in NC (ch. Local Gov’t in NC (ch.

14.1-2)14.1-2)

I. MunicipalitiesI. MunicipalitiesA.A. Creating municipalitiesCreating municipalities

1.1. MunicipalitiesMunicipalities- units of local gov’t (cities, - units of local gov’t (cities, townships)townships)

2.2. Each city, town, village Each city, town, village incorporatedincorporated (given geographical area of rule) by the (given geographical area of rule) by the statestatea.a. Have a Have a chartercharter- basic rules of gov’t- basic rules of gov’tb.b. Can be adjusted by the General AssemblyCan be adjusted by the General Assembly

3.3. Cities expand borders Cities expand borders through through annexationannexation- - adding adding unincorporated areas unincorporated areas to city limitsto city limits

4.4. ZoningZoning- divide a city - divide a city into zones into zones (residential, (residential, commercial, commercial, industrial)industrial)

5.5. Metropolitan areasMetropolitan areas- - cities and the areas cities and the areas around them (ex: around them (ex: Charlotte, Matthews, Charlotte, Matthews, Concord, etc)Concord, etc)

B.B. Government structureGovernment structure1.1. City council- local legislature who pass City council- local legislature who pass

ordinancesordinances- local laws- local laws2.2. Mayor- elected chief executiveMayor- elected chief executive3.3. Council-ManagerCouncil-Manager form of city gov’t form of city gov’t

a.a. Strong city council, mayor is chairmanStrong city council, mayor is chairmanb.b. City manager hired by council for day-to-day City manager hired by council for day-to-day

gov’t operationsgov’t operations

3-2-1Write:3 positions in local government2 types of city government1 question you have about how local

government works

Then complete the local government crossword

4.4. Mayor-CouncilMayor-Council form of city gov’t form of city gov’ta.a. Mayor is strong, not a member of council, runs Mayor is strong, not a member of council, runs

gov’tgov’tb.b. City council makes lawsCity council makes lawsc.c. Model for large cities (uncommon in NC)Model for large cities (uncommon in NC)

II. CountiesII. CountiesA.A. Gov’t StructureGov’t Structure

1.1. Largest subdivision in NC (100 counties in Largest subdivision in NC (100 counties in NC)NC)

2.2. County seatCounty seat- city that has county gov’t- city that has county gov’t

3.3. County commissionersCounty commissioners- governing legislature- governing legislaturea.a. Elected by votersElected by votersb.b. Pass ordinancesPass ordinancesc.c. Hire county manager to do day-to-day businessHire county manager to do day-to-day business

4.4. School boardSchool boarda.a. Elected independent board to determine educational Elected independent board to determine educational

policypolicyb.b. SuperintendentSuperintendent- executive of school system, hired by - executive of school system, hired by

the school boardthe school board

B.B. Other county elected officialsOther county elected officials1.1. independent boards manage many county independent boards manage many county

servicesservices2.2. SheriffSheriff- runs jail, county law enforcement- runs jail, county law enforcement3.3. Register of deedsRegister of deeds- registers and organizes - registers and organizes

documentsdocuments4.4. TreasurerTreasurer- keeps and manages county funds- keeps and manages county funds5.5. District attorneyDistrict attorney- prosecutes criminal cases- prosecutes criminal cases6.6. AssessorAssessor- sets property values, taxes- sets property values, taxes

Civics 3.03Civics 3.03““Branches of North Branches of North

Carolina GovernmentCarolina Government ” ” (ch. 13.1-2)(ch. 13.1-2)

I. LegislativeI. LegislativeA.A. Powers of the Powers of the General AssemblyGeneral Assembly

1.1. Make lawsMake lawsa.a. General StatutesGeneral Statutes- laws that apply statewide- laws that apply statewideb.b. laws for specific counties or citieslaws for specific counties or cities

2.2. Impeachment- governor, judges, members Impeachment- governor, judges, members of Council of Stateof Council of State

3.3. Pass a budget- by law, must be balancedPass a budget- by law, must be balanced

B.B. Organization of General AssemblyOrganization of General Assembly1.1. MembersMembers

a.a. NC Senate 50 membersNC Senate 50 membersb.b. NC House of Representatives- 120 membersNC House of Representatives- 120 members

2.2. ElectionsElectionsa.a. no term limitsno term limitsb.b. G.A. redraws district lines each censusG.A. redraws district lines each censusc.c. each district has equal populationeach district has equal population

3.3. QualificationsQualificationsa.a. House- 21 years old, lived in district one yearHouse- 21 years old, lived in district one yearb.b. Senate- 25 years old, lived in NC two yearsSenate- 25 years old, lived in NC two years

4.4. LeadershipLeadershipa.a. Speaker of HouseSpeaker of Houseb.b. President of Senate is Lieutenant Governor, President of Senate is Lieutenant Governor,

president pro tempore is leaderpresident pro tempore is leader

II. Executive (Governor)II. Executive (Governor)A.A. Chief of State- symbolic leader of NCChief of State- symbolic leader of NCB.B. Chief Executive- responsible for making Chief Executive- responsible for making

sure policies are carried out (with Council sure policies are carried out (with Council of State) of State)

C.C. Qualifications- 30 years old, US citizen 5 Qualifications- 30 years old, US citizen 5 years, lived in NC two yearsyears, lived in NC two years

D.D. DutiesDuties1.1. appoints key officialsappoints key officials2.2. proposes state budgetproposes state budget3.3. supervises executive branch supervises executive branch 4.4. veto powerveto power

a.a. includes includes line item vetoline item veto- may veto one or more - may veto one or more items on bill without rejecting whole billitems on bill without rejecting whole bill

b.b. GA can override with 3/5 voteGA can override with 3/5 vote

5.5. judicial powersjudicial powersa.a.pardon-pardon- release from legal release from legal

consequence of crimeconsequence of crimeb.b.commutecommute- reduce sentence- reduce sentencec.c. reprievereprieve- postpone execution- postpone executiond.d.paroleparole- release early from prison- release early from prison

E.E. Lt. GovernorLt. Governor1.1. elected for 4 years separately from elected for 4 years separately from

governorgovernor2.2. succeeds governor if becomes vacantsucceeds governor if becomes vacant3.3. president of Senatepresident of Senate

F.F. Council of StateCouncil of State- elected heads of - elected heads of gov’t agenciesgov’t agencies1.1. Are under the governor but work Are under the governor but work

independently independently 2.2. ex: Attorney General- lawyer for the stateex: Attorney General- lawyer for the state

III. Judicial (NC Supreme III. Judicial (NC Supreme Court)Court)

A.A. Elected by voters, 7 membersElected by voters, 7 membersB.B. highest state court, interprets state highest state court, interprets state

constitutionconstitutionC.C. major function of reviewing decisions major function of reviewing decisions

of lower courts in appealsof lower courts in appealsD.D. final say in matters of state law final say in matters of state law

Civics 3.05-6Civics 3.05-6“NC Supreme Court Cases

and Civil Rights ” (ch. 13.3)

I. Role of the State and Federal Gov’t

A.A. Bayard vs. SingletonBayard vs. Singleton (1787)- created (1787)- created NC judicial reviewNC judicial review

B.B. 14th Amendment- after civil war14th Amendment- after civil war1.1. every citizen has equal rightsevery citizen has equal rights2.2. Bill of rights apply to the statesBill of rights apply to the states

II. Civil RightsII. Civil RightsA.A. State vs. MannState vs. Mann (1830) (1830)

1.1. owner charged for beating and shooting a owner charged for beating and shooting a slaveslave

2.2. Court affirmed right of slavery, Supremacy Court affirmed right of slavery, Supremacy of the NC Constitutionof the NC Constitution

B.B. After Civil WarAfter Civil War1.1. Jim Crowe LawsJim Crowe Laws- laws that segregated - laws that segregated

public places (schools, restrooms, etc)public places (schools, restrooms, etc)2.2. de jure segregatedde jure segregated- segregation by law- segregation by law3.3. laws were affirmed by laws were affirmed by PlesseyPlessey (1896) and (1896) and

overturned by overturned by BrownBrown (1954) (1954)

Education• What do you think the greatest

problems are in education in CMS/NC/US?

• If you could change one thing in the education system in CMS/NC/US what would you do?

• What do you think can be done to make up for the achievement gap between low performing and high performing schools?

C.C. Swann vs CMSSwann vs CMS (1965-1971) (1965-1971)1.1. choice in school and geography created choice in school and geography created de de

facto segregationfacto segregation- segregation in reality- segregation in reality2.2. US Supreme Court decided that school US Supreme Court decided that school

boards must actively integrate schools- boards must actively integrate schools- forced busingforced busing

Leandro Reading1. What is the core dilemma in this

debate?2. How are public schools funded?3. (Rows 1,3,5) Make a list of arguments

for local control of education3. (Rows 2,4,6) Make a list of arguments

against local control of education

D.D. Leandro vs NCLeandro vs NC (1997-2007) (1997-2007)1.1. Poor counties sued the state because not Poor counties sued the state because not

equal education fundingequal education funding2.2. ruled that every student receive an ruled that every student receive an

adequate and “sound, basic” educationadequate and “sound, basic” education3.3. created criteria (state tests) for achieving created criteria (state tests) for achieving

grade levelgrade level

Civics 3.08-9Civics 3.08-9“Revenues, Taxes, and

Expenditures” (ch. 14.3)

I. Non-tax Revenue Sources A. Federal Grants-in-Aid- federal money

goes to state and local governments (usually for specific projects)

B. Intergovernmental Revenue- money from one level of gov’t to another (federal-state, state-county or city)

C. Municipal Bonds- loans issued by state and local gov’ts to build highways, libraries, parks, schools, etc1. may raise taxes to pay back2. voters vote on bonds

D. Other sources1. Fees- developers to use local service, use

of utilities2. Fines- punishment for violations3. Licenses- grant permission (hunt,

marriage, etc)4. Permits- grant permission (construction

project)5. Tolls- roads, bridges6. Lotteries- most states allow

Review1. What terms are used for the creation

and the expansion of municipalities?2. What is the Declaration of Rights?3. What is the difference between

initiatives and referendums?4. Name three differences between the

NC gov’t and the US gov’t.5. What were the holdings in State vs

Mann and Leandro vs NC?

II. TaxesA. Sales Tax

1. easy to collect, dependable 2. regressive- people pay same amount

B. State Income Tax- income of individuals and corporations1. progressive- more income, higher

percentage

C. Property Tax- biggest source of local money1. real property- land, buildings, etc2. personal property- cars, boats, jewelry

D. Excise TaxesE. Estate Tax

III. ExpendituresA. NC is legally

required to balance the budget

B. Education- (58% budget)1. local taxes provide

much funding2. states set curricula,

graduation req., pay for teachers

B. Public Safety- law enforcement and corrections system

C. Highways and Roads- speed limits, licenses, inspections

D. Other- Gov’t buildings, hospitals, libraries, parks