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Civics Core 100, Goal 6
The learner will explain why laws are needed and how they are enacted, implemented, and
enforced at the national, state, and local levels.
1st known system of written law
King Hammurabi of Babylonia wrote it in about 1760 B.C.
Harsh Penalties:– An eye for an eye
1st Roman Law = 450 B.C.
Senate
Many modern governments are based on Roman Law
1215 “Great Charter” In England
– Protected the nobles’ privileges and authority
– Granted certain rights to all land holders– Equal treatment under the law– Right to a trial with jury of peers
Limited Government precedent established– Ruler doesn’t have ultimate power
Disputes between people or groups in which no criminal laws have been broken
Not a threat to social order
Prevent ppl from deliberately or recklessly harm another or another’s property
Most fundamental and important source of law in the US
Applies to branch of the law dealing with the formation, construction, and interpretation of the constitution
Binds nations together under common values and beliefs
Differs from other law b/c it is for nations, not people
Lobbyist: representatives of interest groups who contact lawmakers or other government officials directly
All levels of gov’t = local, state, and national
Suggest solutions to problems and issues
Sometimes prepare their own drafts of bills for lawmakers to consider
Law developed through decisions of courts, rather than executive action– Created by Judges– Based on precedents
Organizations of people who unite to promote their ideas
AKA Special Interest Groups By pooling resources, hopefully they
will influence lawmakers
1. Bandwagon2. Name Calling3. Endorsement4. Stacked Cards5. Glittering Generality6. Just Plain Folks7. Transfer
1. The Bandwagon
Appeal to an individual to follow the crowd
Ex. The polls show that a candidate is ahead and one votes for their candidate because they want to be part of the “winning team”
2. Name Calling
Saying / printing something negative about the other candidate
3. Endorsement:
Having celebrities publicly announce who they are supporting
Ex. Oprah endorses Barack Obama
4. Stacked Cards
Selective omission Only presenting positive information
and omitting the rest
5. Glittering Generality
Using words with different positive meanings for the individuals using them
Usually an agreeable term : honor, freedom, love of country, etc..
Ex. John McCain and Sarah Palin are Mavericks
6. Just Plain Folks
Candidate advertises himself / herself as an ordinary person, therefore, they can relate to the average American
Ex. Obama’s background: raised by single mother
7. Transfer
Associate a patriotic symbol with a candidate
Sentence = punishment
Indeterminate sentence: judge gives min. and max. sentence– Parole: early release
from prison; must report to parole office until end of sentence
Mandatory Sentencing: must impose the sentence the law directs
1. Suspended Sentence2. Home Confinement3. Monetary Fine4. Restitution5. Work Release6. Imprisonment7. Death
Reform: Rehabilitation: correct a person’s
behavior, rather than punish Primary goal of Juvenile court