Civil Rights Movements

Across America

Ch.18

Latinos of Varied Origins

Mexican Americans1miilion came in

1900s following the Mexican Revolution

some came in the 1940’s and 1950’s as braceros, and 1 million came in the 60’s

Latinos of Varied Origins

Puerto Ricans immigrating after the

Spanish American War of 1898, and by 1960’s 1miilion in the US

Cubans Fled Castro’s gov’t after

1959 and large communities formed in NYC, Miami, NJ

1960’s thousand of Central and South American emigrated

Latinos Fight For Change

In 1966 Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta merged their new unions to form the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee

Latinos Fight For Change

Chavez believed in non-violence in dealing with California’s large fruit and vegetable companies (Ex. Boycotts/Fast)

In the 1960’s the Chicano Movement took off, “Brown Power” and the “Brown Berets” demanded Spanish speaking classes and Chicano studies programs at universities (Bilingual ED. Act of 1968)

Native Americans Fight For Equality

Suffered high unemployment rates, alcoholism, infant mortality rates and suicides

In 1961 reps from 61 tribes drafted the Declaration of Indian Purpose

In 1968 LBJ established the National Council on Indian Opportunity

Voices of ProtestsIn 1968 the AIM

(American Indian Movement) was formed to demand lands, burial grounds, fishing/ timber rights, and a respect of their culture

WomenWomen’’s s movements of the movements of the

1960s1960s

WomenWomen’’s s movements of the movements of the

1960s1960s

BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackgroundSecond wave of

activism.Drew inspiration from

the civil rights movement

It was made up of members of the middle class

It was also caused by the sexual revolution of the 1960s Sparked by the

development of the birth-control pill in 1960

National Organization for National Organization for Women (NOW)Women (NOW)

National Organization for National Organization for Women (NOW)Women (NOW)

Founded in 1966. by a group of

people, including Betty Friedan, and Rev. Pauli Murray.

The first African-American woman Episcopal priest.

Betty Friedan became the organization's first president.

NOW NOW (con(con’’t.)t.)NOW NOW (con(con’’t.)t.) The goal of NOW is to bring about equality for

all women. They campaigned to gain passage of the

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) at the state level.

Issues NOW deals with: works to eliminate discrimination and

harassment in the workplace, schools, and the justice system.

secure abortion, birth control and reproductive rights for all women

end all forms of violence against women eradicate racism, sexism and homophobia promote equality and justice in society.

Betty Friedan Betty Friedan Betty Friedan Betty Friedan Wrote the book, Feminine Mystique in 1963.

In her book, she depicted the roles of women in industrial societies.

She focused most of her attention on the housewife role of women.

She referred to the problem of gender roles as "the problem without a name".

The book became a bestseller and was the cause for the second wave of feminism in the 60s.

Feb. 4th, 1921- Feb. 4th, 2006

http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/pdocs/friedan_feminine.pdf

First national Commission First national Commission on the Status of Womenon the Status of Women

First national Commission First national Commission on the Status of Womenon the Status of Women

President Kennedyestablished the firstnational Commissionon the Status of Women in 1961.

In 1963 the commission issued a report detailing employment discrimination, unequal pay, legal inequality, and insufficient support services for working women.

Equal Pay Act 1963Equal Pay Act 1963Equal Pay Act 1963Equal Pay Act 1963 It is the first federal law prohibiting sexual

discrimination.

In 1963 the average female worker’s wages in the United States were equivalent to 58.9 % of the average male worker’s earnings.

It abolished wage differences based on sex. “No employer having employees subject to any provisions

of this section [section 206 of title 29 of the United States Code] shall discriminate, within any establishment in which such employees are employed, between employees on the basis of sex by paying wages to employees in such establishment at a rate less than the rate at which he pays wages to employees of the opposite sex in such establishment for equal work on jobs…” -- Equal Pay Act

The Civil Rights Act of The Civil Rights Act of 19641964

The Civil Rights Act of The Civil Rights Act of 19641964

Passed in 1964. It banned discrimination on the basis of color, race,

national origin, religion, or sex. Section VII set up the Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce the act.

Roe vs. WadeRoe vs. WadeRoe vs. WadeRoe vs. Wade1973

Supreme Court Case:Women had

the right to choose an abortion during the first 3 months of pregnancy.

1960s Counterculture

The Hippie Movement The term “hippie”

comes from being hip. You were either hip or you were a “square” or a “pig.”

Hippies were looking for an alternative way to live life.

Most hippies valued freedom, nature, intimacy, peace, sharing, and spirituality.

Way of LifeHippies wanted to distance themselves

from mainstream ways of life. They discarded possessions and often

lived in parks or campsites in the woods. Living like this made them feel free

Nudity was another form of freedom

Counterculture Fashion Hippies distanced

themselves from mainstream culture by their dress.

Colorful, flowing clothing, beads, headbands bellbottoms, and tie-dye were popular.

Men wore their hair and beards long or in afros.

Hippies were often called “longhairs”

San Francisco and Haight Ashbury

San Francisco was the birthplace of the counterculture/hippy movement.

By 1965 hippies had taken over the Haight Ashbury district.

Haight Ashbury district contains Golden Gate Park home of the Trips Festival

This is a 20,000-strong be-in at Golden gate park in

1967

Hippie Music The most popular music of the time was

psychedelic rock

Bands like Jefferson Airplane, Quicksilver Messenger Service, the Jimi Hendrix Experience and the Grateful Dead played free concerts at Golden Gate Park.

Concerts were places for hippies to protest, socialize, dance, or take drugs.

At Woodstock over 250,000 hippies showed up to hear artists like Janis Joplin, The Who, Canned Heat, The Allman Brothers, and County Joe and the Fish.

Woodstock

Woodstock was not just a music concert. “For thousands who couldn’t even hear the music” it was a “profound religious experience.”

Meager resources were shared with everyone.

Many people at Woodstock used illegal drugs

Drug Culture

Drugs like marijuana and LSD were a big part of the hippy/counterculture movement.

Using drugs made hippies feel like the were rebelling from mainstream society.