Civil RightsWomen, Latinos, Asians and Native Americans

Objectives: To understand how other groups used experiences of blacks to gain rights

Do Now: How did Malcolm X’s philosophy change throughout his life

Feminism

• Born in 1895, the term feminism describes equality between men and women.

• Feminist sought to make this happen• 1950s– What were the stereotypes?• WWII’s impact• Post WWII college 25%. 1970=43% BA• Why the reluctance to hire women?• 1963 .59/1 1973 .57/1 Results= Frustration

Contributions of Civil Right Movement

• What were the contributions?

• Bills• Title VII• EEOC

• Arguments

How?

• Organization– Common Purpose– NOW– National

Organization for Women

• Fair Pay• Equal work

opportunities • Attacked the “false image

of women”• Within 4 years—15000

members• Arguments for and

against

Results of Feminism

• New ideas for women.• Book– Our Bodies, Ourselves–

1970– understand health issues—3 million issues by 1990

• 1972 Ms. Magazine founded by Gloria Steinem– Contrast to Good Housekeeping and Ladies’ Home Journal—300,000 copies within 8 days—200,000 subscribers within a year

• 1972 Higher Education Act– Prohibited Sex Discrimination

More Changes• Shirley Chisholm of New York

sought the presidency. Won support in the Democratic National Convention but withdrew

• 1973 Roe v. Wade– Divided the movement

• 1972 Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was introduced but failed to pass – “Equality of rights under the law

shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.”

Latinos• Three major groups

– Puerto Ricans in the Northeast– Cubans in Florida– Chicanos in the Southwest

• Chicanos=largest population• WWII-1967 Braceros– Temp

Farm Hands• Eisenhower: 1950 “Operation

Wetback”– Deport illegals• Organization throughout

1960s• Cesar Chavez became the

leader of the migrant farmers– the most exploited group of Latinos

Organization of UFW• Chavez believed that unionization was the best bet to gain

attention• United Farm Workers gained support as they went from door to

door.• Non-violent approach• Organized boycott of grapes grown on non-union farms• 1975– California law requiring collective bargaining

Latino Political Progress

• During the 1960s, Gonzalez, Montoya, and Garza gained positions in congress

• La Raza Unida, a political party in 1970 helped to gain national attention to the civil injustice that existed.

Asian American Protest

• Compensation for internment during WWII through the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL)

• Lower wage earnings were protested yet Asian-Americans were well-educated.

• Hawaii became a state in 1959 gave a voice to Asian-Americans in congress

Native Americans

• Native Americans sought to gain their land back.

• Offered money but did not want it• 1968 Dennis Banks and George

Mitchell organized the American Indian Movement (AIM)

• Focused on cultural pride, autonomy, and control of native lands and the natural resources that exist on those lands

• Militant approach was criticized

Examples of Actions

• Mayflower Thanksgiving 1970

• Mt. Rushmore July 5, 1971

• Bureau of Indian Affairs Nov. 1972

Reactions to Activism

• Indian Education Act– Allowed reservations more control of schools

• Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975- Gave more autonomy and allowed them to administer federal welfare programs

• Also continued to regain lands and resources associated with the lands.