Civil War

African American History

Inevitable or Avoidable?

Territorial Expansion disturbed the balance

Six Decades of National Growth led to sectional strife

American Nationalism tested

Slave and Free Labor Economic Systems

Review

What was Southern Confederates goals in the war?

___________ refers to “enemy property”

__________ an area that was successfully defended near the Mississippi by black soldiers against rebels.

Review Part II

Is War really necessary today? Did blacks have a right to get involved in this war? Why or Why not?

___________ hard-nosed southern racist, who eventually was elected as the President of the Confederate States of America

Review III

True/False; Lincoln’s initial position on slavery was that he supported it?

True/False; General Order 11 was a threat by Lincoln to execute southern troops or confine them to hard labor?

True/False; John C. Fremont, A union general was threatened by Lincoln to stop freeing slaves after the First Confiscation Act was passed

Review Part IV

First Confiscation Act stated that any_________ belonged to Confederacy and used in war effort could be seized.List the Four Border States: Why were they considered border states?True/False; The firing on Fort Pillow by the Confederates led to the beginning of the civil war.

Crittenden Compromise 1861

Last minute compromise that recognized slavery in territories south of the 36 30’N latitude line.

Lincoln rejected

Horace Greeley, New York Tribune, proposed that the federal government allow seceding states to go in peace

FIRE CRACKERS TO THE WAR

Benjamin Butler, Union General

“contraband” --enemy property and put them to work. Over a thousand runaways fled to Fortress Monroe.

1,000 plus runaway slaves fled to Fort Monroe.

FIRE CRACKERS CONTINUED

Aug. 6, 1861 First Confiscation Act was passedwhich stated that any property that belonged to Confederates that was used in the war effort could be seized by federal forces. John C. Freemont began to free slaves in Missouri: Why would Lincoln have a problem with this?

FIRECRACKERS

The Fort Pillow Massacre

Nathan Bedford Forrest

slaughtered black troops and their white commander William F. Bradford

No one was ever punished during or after the war.

founder of the Ku Klux Klan

The New York City Draft Riot

Poor, unskilled Irish workers, and other Northerns convinced by Democrats

War was to benefit blacks

white. For four days, city police could control and blacks were beaten and lynched. The Colored Orphaged was burned to the ground,

businesses employing blacks and Protestant churches were destroyed

Lincoln’s Position

Believed secession was wrong

Committed to stopping the expansion of slavery

Emphasized his duty to enforce the laws of the United States

Fort Sumter

Occupied by Federal troops

Confederates blocked the fort

Lincoln promised to send food but no soldiers to re-supply Fort Sumter

Jefferson Davis ordered General Beauregard to force a surrender of Fort Sumter

When refused, Confederates fired upon Sumter

Secession

South Carolina seceded following Lincoln’s election

Six other Lower South states followed

After Fort Sumter, Upper South states (VA, NC, TN, and AK) seceded

Border States: Missouri, Maryland, Kentucky, & Delaware

Aims of the War

South

Defend their rights

Protect their way of life

Defend their families and property

North

Maintain the supremacy of the Constitution

Preserve the Union

Advantages

North

Greater Population

Railroad Mileage

Factories

South

Leadership

Military Tactics

Morale/Confidence

The Issue of Slavery

“If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it, and if I could save the Union by freeing all the slaves, I would do it.”

-President Lincoln

Lincoln’s Dilemma

Lincoln personally opposed slavery

Could not legally abolish it

Concerned about the Border States

Saw the importance of slave labor to the South’s war effort

Ending slavery became a strategy for winning the war

Emancipation Proclamation

September 1862, Lincoln proclaimed that on January 1, 1863 slaves in the rebelling territories would be free.

Slaves under Confederate control were to be set free

Slaves under Union control were not set free

Reaction

Condemned and ignored in the South

Debated heavily in the North

Abolitionists believed Lincoln should end slavery

Blacks assumed that with a Northern victory slavery would end

Contraband

Significance

The war to preserve the Union now becomes a revolutionary struggle for the abolition of slavery.

Black Soldiers

Blacks were initially rejected

July 1862 Congress authorized Lincoln to accept blacks

180,000 enlisted immediately

Most were southerners

54th Massachusetts –Fort Wagner

Blacks Roles during the War

. Mary Elizabeth Bowser worked at the Confederate White House spy: Jeff. Davis

Robert Smalls 23 yr old slave, served on the The Planter a Confederate supply ship. fifteen other slaves including the families of several crewmen and his own wife, daughter and son.

Black Roles continued

Harriet Tubman organized a spy ring in the South Carolina Second South Carolina Volunteer Regiment, organize an expedition that destroyed plantations and freed nearly 800 hundred slaves, many of whom joined the Union Army.

Europe’s Reaction

Perhaps the most significant reaction

Proclamation ended any real chance of France and Great Britain intervening in the war (Antislavery/Abolitionism)

The War for Constitutional Liberty; The War for Southern Independence; The Second American Revolution; The War for States' Rights; Mr. Lincoln's War; The War of the Southern Planters; The War of Rebellion; The Second War for Independence; The War to Suppress Yankee Arrogance; The Brothers' War; The War of Secession; The War Against Slavery; The War for Separation; The War for Abolition; The War of the Southrons; The War of the North and South; The Lost Cause; The War Between the States (Davis, 79).The title The War Between the States is