CHAPTER 13

CIVIL WAR

Terms to Know

Fundamental Causes Immediate Causes Blockade Confederacy Border States Arsenal Gettysburg Address Emancipation Proclamation Draft

Georgia’s State Flag

CONFEDERATE BATTLE FLAG

GEORGIA’S OLD STATE FLAG

Georgia’s State Flag

CONFEDERATE NATIONAL FLAG (STARS AND BARS)

GEORGIA’S CURRENT STATE FLAG

I. THE ROAD TO WAR

FUNDAMENTAL CAUSES

Fundamental Causes are events that happen over a period of time and do not DIRECTLY lead to the event.

For Example:1. Slavery2. Economic Differences3. Sectionalism

IMMEDIATE CAUSES

Immediate causes are events that happen right before the major event and lead DIRECTLY to the event

For Example: 1. John Brown’s Raid on Harpers’ Ferry 2. The Election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 3. South Carolina secedes from the Union

A. Seven States Secede

1. The Original Confederate States of America (see map)

a. South Carolina (The first to secede)b. Georgiac. Floridad. Alabamae. Mississippif. Louisianag. Texas

These states make up the Deep South.

ORIGINAL CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA

Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina

I. The Road To War

Confederate capital formed – was originally Montgomery, Alabama, but was later moved to Richmond, Virginia.

Confederate president – Jefferson Davis

Confederate vice-president – Alexander Stephens (from Georgia). He was against secession, but was still respected by all Southerners.

I. The Road To War

Fort Sumter protects Charleston, South Carolina

The fort was controlled by the Union (North).

South Carolina fired cannons at Fort Sumter and forced the Union to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.

This is considered the start of the Civil War.

Raising the Stars and Bars at Fort Sumter

I. The Road to War

After the attack on Fort Sumter, four more states joined the Confederacy

1. Virginia 2. Tennessee 3. North Carolina 4. Arkansas

This brings our total number of Confederate States to 11.

I. The Road to War

4 states had slaves but refused to join the Confederacy. 1. Missouri 2. Kentucky 3. Maryland 4. Delaware

THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA

II. CIVIL WAR ADVANTAGES

II. CIVIL WAR ADVANTAGES

NORTH SOUTH

Greater population to draft from.

Better Industry to produce weapons and food.

An established government and military

More Railroads

Home field advantage – although it destroyed the land, they knew the land.

Better military leaders in the beginning.

Felt they were fighting for a cause (States Rights)

III. CIVIL WAR STRATEGIES

III. Strategies

NORTH (ANACONDA PLAN) SOUTH (KING COTTON DIPLOMACY)

Use their well established navy to create a blockade around the South.

Take Control of the Mississippi River.

Use blockade runners to sneak past the blockade.

Convince England that they need cotton so bad that they would break through the blockade and help the South.

Fight defensively, make the Union attack them in battles.

The Anaconda Plan

IV. CIVIL WAR BATTLES

Civil War Battles

Battle of Bull Run First Battle of the Civil War. Won by the Confederacy (big surprise to

everybody) Showed both sides that it was going to be a

long war.

Battles Continued

Battle of Antietam1. Single bloodiest day in American History with over 23,000 casualties (killed, wounded, or missing) in a 10 hour period.2. Fought in Maryland (border state)3. After the battle, Abraham Lincoln thought he could convince the South to surrender so he issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

Battles Continued

Battle of Vicksburg Won by the North and gave them control of

the Mississippi River. North was led by Ulysses S. Grant. Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas were cut off

from the rest of the Confederacy.

Battles Continued

Battle of Gettysburg Only Civil War battle fought in a free state

(Pennsylvania) Won by the North Over 46,000 casualties Was the turning point of the war. Most people

felt that whoever won this battle would win the whole war. They were right.

Battles continued

Battle of Chickamauga Largest battle fought in Georgia (just over the

border from Chattanooga, TN) Won by the Confederacy, but they still had to

retreat Gave the North a staging point from which to

attack Atlanta (the industrial center of the South)

Battles Continued

Fort Pulaski Protected Savannah, GA. Union forces attacked from Tybee Island with

rifled cannons, which shoot farther. South was forced to surrender and the North

could take control of Savannah, GA.

Battles Continued

Battle of Appomattox Last battle of the Civil War Afterwards, Robert E. Lee surrendered to

Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, which marks the end of the Civil War.

V. SHERMAN’S ATLANTA CAMPAIGN

V. Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign

Leaders: William T. Sherman

– told by Ulysses S. Grant to take control of Atlanta’s transportation and industry.

James Johnston – first put in charge of protecting Atlanta

John B. Hood – replaced Johnston.

Sherman’s campaign continued

Battles fought between Chattanooga and Atlanta Dalton Resaca New Hope Allatoona Kennesaw Mountain (won by South) Jonesboro

BATTLES OF GEORGIA

Atlanta

Jonesboro

Kennesaw Mnt.Allatoona

New HopeResaca

Dalton

Sherman’s Campaign Continued

Sherman’s March to the Sea Went from Atlanta to Savannah Destroyed everything in their path to make

Georgia want to quit fighting. Savannah offered to Lincoln as a Christmas

present.

Sherman’s Bowties

Sherman’s Bowties

V. Andersonville Prison

Henry Wirz – executed for excessive cruelty for the poor treatment of prisoners at Andersonville.

Problems faced Overpopulation- was

meant for 10,000 but they had 30,000 prisoners.

Diseases Bad drinking water