CIVITAS ELAN Open CIVITAS ELAN Open AcademyAcademyLjubljanaLjubljana16 April 201016 April 2010

Eric N. SchrefflerEric N. Schreffler Tom Rye, PhDTom Rye, PhDTransport ConsultantTransport Consultant Napier Napier Edinburgh San Diego, California, USAEdinburgh San Diego, California, USAUniversityUniversity

Edinburgh, UKEdinburgh, UK

CIVITAS ELAN Open CIVITAS ELAN Open AcademyAcademyLjubljanaLjubljana16 April 201016 April 2010

Eric N. SchrefflerEric N. Schreffler Tom Rye, PhDTom Rye, PhDTransport ConsultantTransport Consultant Napier Napier Edinburgh San Diego, California, USAEdinburgh San Diego, California, USAUniversityUniversity

Edinburgh, UKEdinburgh, UK

BUS RAPID TRANSIT:

AROUND THE WORLD

OUTLINEOUTLINEOUTLINEOUTLINE

Extent of BRT in US and internationally

US examples

Non-US examples

Comparative findings

Costs compared to tram

Impact on development

Final thoughts

Where to get more information

Extent of BRT in US and internationally

US examples

Non-US examples

Comparative findings

Costs compared to tram

Impact on development

Final thoughts

Where to get more information

Ljubljana Workshop

Ljubljana Workshop

Conversions used in this presentationConversions used in this presentationConversions used in this presentationConversions used in this presentation

1 pound (lb) = 0.45kg

1 US gallon = 3.6 litres

1 mile = 1.6km

$1 = 0.74 Euro

Also: LRT = Tram

1 pound (lb) = 0.45kg

1 US gallon = 3.6 litres

1 mile = 1.6km

$1 = 0.74 Euro

Also: LRT = Tram

Australia

China

Europe

Canada

South America

BRT World WideBRT World WideBRT World WideBRT World Wide

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= operating= planned

Overview of BRT Implementation in the U.S. Overview of BRT Implementation in the U.S. Overview of BRT Implementation in the U.S. Overview of BRT Implementation in the U.S.

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San Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego, California BRT is part of

managed lanes Four lanes for

bus, carpool, vanpool and tolled solo cars

Five BRT centers in corridor

Cut travel time in half

Cost $355M 25,000 riders per

day New CNG buses

BRT is part of managed lanes

Four lanes for bus, carpool, vanpool and tolled solo cars

Five BRT centers in corridor

Cut travel time in half

Cost $355M 25,000 riders per

day New CNG buses

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Los AngelesLos AngelesLos AngelesLos Angeles

Signal priority and low floor vehicles aided in:

• 28 to 33% decrease in travel time

• 30% increase in ridership, 14% net new

• No appreciable impact on cross–street traffic

• 22,000 riders per day

Signal priority and low floor vehicles aided in:

• 28 to 33% decrease in travel time

• 30% increase in ridership, 14% net new

• No appreciable impact on cross–street traffic

• 22,000 riders per day

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Curitiba, BrazilCuritiba, BrazilCuritiba, BrazilCuritiba, Brazil

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Arterial median busway

BogotBogotáá, Colombia, ColombiaBogotBogotáá, Colombia, Colombia

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Brisbane, AustraliaBrisbane, AustraliaBrisbane, AustraliaBrisbane, Australia

Network of three exclusive busways

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In Leeds/Bradford In Leeds/Bradford In Leeds/Bradford In Leeds/Bradford

These BRTs have bus lanes, signal priority,

and guided busways

These BRTs have bus lanes, signal priority,

and guided busways

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Rouen, FranceRouen, France

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Well-Lit, Open, Quiet InteriorWell-Lit, Open, Quiet Interior Well-Lit, Open, Quiet InteriorWell-Lit, Open, Quiet Interior

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ISTANBULISTANBULISTANBULISTANBUL

Metrobüs

865,000 riders per day

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Some General Findings –Some General Findings –Trends in Implementing Trends in Implementing BRT ElementsBRT Elements

Some General Findings –Some General Findings –Trends in Implementing Trends in Implementing BRT ElementsBRT Elements

Mixed Flow Lane BRT systems are more common in North America

Focus on implementing distinctive, “rail-like” vehicles is strongest in Europe and North America

Precision-docking and guidance systems are more evident among European systems

Mixed Flow Lane BRT systems are more common in North America

Focus on implementing distinctive, “rail-like” vehicles is strongest in Europe and North America

Precision-docking and guidance systems are more evident among European systems

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Some General Findings – Some General Findings – Trends in Implementing Trends in Implementing BRT ElementsBRT Elements

Some General Findings – Some General Findings – Trends in Implementing Trends in Implementing BRT ElementsBRT Elements

ITS applications impact more than BRT

North American and European systems tend to focus on single line operations in a corridor or several corridors;

Latin American and Australian applications incorporate network operations and system wide integration

ITS applications impact more than BRT

North American and European systems tend to focus on single line operations in a corridor or several corridors;

Latin American and Australian applications incorporate network operations and system wide integration

Curitiba Tube Station

Curitiba Integrated Station

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Range and Cost of BRT applicationsRange and Cost of BRT applications- - Running way type is a core issueRunning way type is a core issueRange and Cost of BRT applicationsRange and Cost of BRT applications- - Running way type is a core issueRunning way type is a core issue

Mixed Traffic: $1M per mile

Bus lanes: $5M per mile

Busways: $25M per mile

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Rail-Like Vehicles $5-30 mRail-Like Vehicles $5-30 mRail-Like Vehicles $5-30 mRail-Like Vehicles $5-30 m

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BRT Compared to Rail Transit BRT Compared to Rail Transit VolumesVolumesBRT Compared to Rail Transit BRT Compared to Rail Transit VolumesVolumes

System LinePeak Direction Peak Hour

Volume

BRT Pittsburgh MLK 5,400

Ottawa 10,000

Seattle Downtown Bus Tunnel 4,200

Brisbane 9,500

Bogota 35,000

Rail Transit Calgary LRT 10,000

Toronto King Street Streetcar 4,500

Boston Green Line, Park St. Tunnel 10,000*

Washington Blue/Orange Line Metrorail Tunnel 17,500*

* Highest in U.S. outside NYC

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Cost Effective ModeCost Effective Mode

• VehiclesVehicles• can be off-the-shelfcan be off-the-shelf

• No track or overhead wiresNo track or overhead wires• “ “Travel Ways”Travel Ways”

• construction and maintenanceconstruction and maintenance• incrementally built (phases, flexible)incrementally built (phases, flexible)• existing roadway network (mixed traffic)existing roadway network (mixed traffic)

• Uses existing vehicle storage facilitiesUses existing vehicle storage facilities• Uses existing and simple signal systemsUses existing and simple signal systems• Workforce compositionWorkforce composition

• using existing vs. acquiring new staffusing existing vs. acquiring new staff• wage differential for BRT vs. LRTwage differential for BRT vs. LRT

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BRT and DevelopmentBRT and DevelopmentBRT and DevelopmentBRT and Development

Evidence is limited

Curitiba developed along BRT spine

Property values and rents increased in Beijing adjacent to Southern Axis BRT (2.3% annually)

New development has occurred around stations in Boston, Pittsburgh and Ottawa

Evidence is limited

Curitiba developed along BRT spine

Property values and rents increased in Beijing adjacent to Southern Axis BRT (2.3% annually)

New development has occurred around stations in Boston, Pittsburgh and Ottawa

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BRT Land Development BenefitsBRT Land Development BenefitsBRT Land Development BenefitsBRT Land Development BenefitsCity Benefits

Pittsburgh $300M in development around stations after 13 years

Ottawa $700M in development around stations 13 years after opening of first segment

Boston $650M in development occurred along the Washington Street corridor

Cleveland $4.3 Billion in development occurring along the Euclid Corridor

Brisbane + 20% gain in residential values near stations after one year, initiation of several joint development projectsLjubljana Workshop

It’s no single trait, but the combination of traits that make BRT systems successful!It’s no single trait, but the combination of traits that make BRT systems successful!

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Creating a Positive Customer ExperienceCreating a Positive Customer ExperienceCreating a Positive Customer ExperienceCreating a Positive Customer Experience

Live Info

Stations

Maps

Boarding Right of Way Relationship to Traffic

Payment

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WWW.NBRTI.ORGWWW.NBRTI.ORGWWW.NBRTI.ORGWWW.NBRTI.ORG

MORE INFORMATION

NATIONAL BUS RAPID TRANSIT INSTITUTE

CENTER FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA

MORE INFORMATION

NATIONAL BUS RAPID TRANSIT INSTITUTE

CENTER FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA

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LUND, SwedenLUND, Sweden

Sustainable Urban Transport PlanSustainable Urban Transport Plan

LUND, SwedenLUND, Sweden

Sustainable Urban Transport PlanSustainable Urban Transport Plan

• University town in SW Sweden

• 105,000 in urban area

• 25,000 commute into Lund

• 35,000 change at rail station

• 1969: decided against new arterial

• 1971: closed center to traffic

• Priority given to bike and walk

• University town in SW Sweden

• 105,000 in urban area

• 25,000 commute into Lund

• 35,000 change at rail station

• 1969: decided against new arterial

• 1971: closed center to traffic

• Priority given to bike and walkSource: Trivector Traffic AB and City of Lund

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LUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, Sweden

Sustainable Urban Transport Plan (LundaMaTs)

Lund Environmentally-friendly Transport

1.Introduction of sustainable planning

2.Recognition of bicycle city

3.Extended public transportation integrated with land use

4.Environmentally-friendly car traffic

5.Employer trip reduction

Adopted in 1997

Sustainable Urban Transport Plan (LundaMaTs)

Lund Environmentally-friendly Transport

1.Introduction of sustainable planning

2.Recognition of bicycle city

3.Extended public transportation integrated with land use

4.Environmentally-friendly car traffic

5.Employer trip reduction

Adopted in 1997

Source: Trivector Traffic AB

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LUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenImplementation of LUNDAMATS

• Governmental co-funding of 4 projects

• Bicycle city

• Walk and bike to school

• The Lund Link – BRT system

• Mobility Centre

• More than $42 million over 6 years

(35% from governmental funds)

• Goal to maintain 1995 traffic levels in 2005

• Phase I 1998-2004; Phase II initiated

Implementation of LUNDAMATS

• Governmental co-funding of 4 projects

• Bicycle city

• Walk and bike to school

• The Lund Link – BRT system

• Mobility Centre

• More than $42 million over 6 years

(35% from governmental funds)

• Goal to maintain 1995 traffic levels in 2005

• Phase I 1998-2004; Phase II initiated

Source: Trivector Traffic AB

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LUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenImpact of LUNDAMATS:

Comparing 1995 and 2005 per capita travel

Impact of LUNDAMATS:

Comparing 1995 and 2005 per capita travel

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LUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, Sweden

LUNDAMATS: The Keys to Success

• Educate residents about sustainable travel

• Involve politicians early in the process

• Carefully and thoroughly evaluate both process and impacts

LUNDAMATS: The Keys to Success

• Educate residents about sustainable travel

• Involve politicians early in the process

• Carefully and thoroughly evaluate both process and impacts

Sources: Peter Jönsson and City of Lund

Ljubljana Workshop