cj;Njr tlNky; khfhzf; fhy;tha;f;; fUj;jpl;lj ... - ejustice.lk · NWP Canal Project -EIA Study – Final Report nrhw; FwpaPLfspd; gl;bay; ABOP - mjp mKf;fj;jpdhyhd tsp ntbg;G AIA

cj;Njr tlNky; khfhzf; fhy;tha;f;; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L

Ma;T

,Wjp mwpf;if

நீர்ப்பாசdத் திணைக்களம்

kfhtyp MNyhridg; gzpafk; (gpiwNtw;) ypkpl;ll;

,y:11> [htj;j tPjp> nfhOk;G 05.

[{d; 2015

NWP Canal Project -EIA Study – Final Report

nrhw; FwpaPLfspd; gl;bay;

ABOP - mjp mKf;fj;jpdhyhd tsp ntbg;G

AIA - GijnghUspay; jhf;f kjpg;gPL

AMDP - Jupj kfhtyp mgptpUj;jp jpl;lk;

asl - fly; kl;lj;jpw;F Nky;

BCR - ed;ik fpua tpfpjk;

BW - ghj;jp mfyk;

CEA - kj;jpa Rw;whly; mjpfhu rig

CEB - ,yq;if kpd;;rhu rig

CECB - kj;jpa nghwpapay; kw;Wk; MNyhridg; gzpafk;

CI - fLikj;jd;ik eWf;fy;

CKD - fLikahd rpWePuf Neha;

Cumecs - nrf;fDf;F kPw;wu; fdk;

DS - gpuNjr nrayhsu;

DWLC - tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;Gj; jpizf;fsk;

DWSRP - mizf;fl;Lg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ePu;tsq;fs; fUj;jpl;lk;

EC - kpd; flj;Jif

EIA - Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;gPL

EIRR - jpUk;gp tUjypd; tp];jupf;fg;gl;l cs;sf tpfpjk;

EP - fpof;F khfhzk;

FD - tdj; jpizf;fsk;

FR - tdg; ghJfhg;gplq;fs;

FSL - KO tpepNahf kl;lk;

GN - fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;

GRC - Fiw jPu;g;Gf; FOf;fs;

GRM - Fiwj; jPu;g;Gg; nghwpKiw

GSMB - Gtpr;rupjtpay; Ma;T kw;Wk; Ruq;fg; gzpafKk;


GWH - [pfh thw; kzpj;jpahyq;fs;

GWT - epyePu; ml;ltiz

Ha - n`f;Nlau;fs;

HH - tPl;Lj;Jiw

ID - ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;

IEE - Muk;g Rw;whly; gupNrhjpg;G

ITI - ifj;njhopy; gapw;rp epWtfk;

Km - fpNyhkPw;wu;

KMTC - fSfq;if nkhuffq;if gupkhw;wf; fhy;tha;

LA - cs;Suhl;rp

LB - ,lJ tq;fp

m - kPw;wu;fs;

MASL - ,yq;if kfhtyp mjpfhurig

MCB - kfhtyp MNyhridg; gzpafk;

MCM - kpy;ypad; kPw;wu;fs; fdk;

MEA - gy;jug;gl;l Rw;whly; xg;ge;jk;

MI - ePu;g;ghrd mikr;R

MW - nkfh thl;];

NAQS - Njrpa tspj;ju epakq;fs;

NBRO - Njrpa fl;blq;fs; Ma;T epWtdk;

NCP - tlkj;jpa khfhzk;

NCPCP - tlkj;jpa khfhz fhy;tha;f; fUj;jpl;lk;

NP - tl khfhzk;

NWM - tlNky; gUtngau;rpf; fhw;W

NWP - tlNky; khfhzk;

NWPC - tlNky; khfhzf; fhy;tha;

NWS&DB - Njrpa ePu;toq;fy; kw;Wk; tbfhyikg;Gr; rig

O&M - nraw;gLifAk; NgZifAk;


OFC - NtW fsg;gapu;fs;

PIU - fUj;jpl;l mKy;g;gLj;Jif myF

RB - tyJfiu

RFO - gpuhe;jpa td cj;jpNahfj;ju;

SAR - Nrhbak; Gwj;JwpQ;ry; tpfpjk;

SWM - njd;Nky; gUtg;ngau;r;rpf; fhw;W

TDS - KOjhf fiuaf;$ba jpz;kq;fs;

UEC - Nky; vynfu fhy;tha;

UNDP - If;fpa ehLfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;

WRDIP - ePu;tsq;fs; mgptpUj;jp KjyPl;Lf; fUj;jpl;lk;


cs;slf;f ml;ltiz

1. EPIWNTW;WR;RUF;FK; ....................................................................................... I

1. MWPKFK; .......................................................................................................... 1

1.1 FUJ ;JPL ;LJ;JPD; GPD;GYK; ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 CJ ;NJRF; FUJ ;JPL ;LJ;JPD; ,YF ;FFSK ; EPAHAG;GLJ ;JIFFSK ; .......................................................... 5 1.3 EIA MWPF ;IFAPD; ,YF ;FFS ; ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.4 EIA KIWAPAY; ............................................................................................................................................................ 8

1.4.1 ghl kPsha;T kw;Wk; glq;fs; jahupj;jy; ........................................................................................... 8 1.4.2 njhopy;El;g mZFKiwAk; KiwapaYk; ....................................................................................... 9 1.4.3 kjpg;gPl;L Kiwapay; ...................................................................................................................................... 9

1.5 FUJ ;JPL ;LJ;JPD; NFHS ;IF KW;WK ; EPU;THFR ; RL;LFNTIY ....................................................................... 13 1.6 MRPA MGPTPUJ ;JP TQ;FPAPD; NJITG;GHLFS;: ................................................................................................. 21 1.7 ,G;GFJPAPYS;S VIAD MGPTPUJ ;JP JPL ;LQ;FSLDHD CLD;GHL ......................................................... 23

2. CJ;NJR FUJ;JPL;LJ;JPD; TPGUPG;GK; EPAHAKHD KHW;WPLFSK; ............ 24

2.1 KHW;WPLFSPD; KJPG;GPL .......................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.1 khw;W eltbf;if ,y;iy ........................................................................................................................ 29

2.2 CJ ;NJRF; FUJ ;JPL ;LK; ......................................................................................................................................... 30 2.2.1 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngaUk; miktplKk; ................................................................................................. 30 2.2.2 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; cl;$Wfspd; tpgupg;G .................................................................................................. 34 2.2.3 xJf;fPLfs; ......................................................................................................................................................... 42 2.2.4 epu;khz Kiwapay; ...................................................................................................................................... 44 2.2.5 eltbf;if Kiwapay; ................................................................................................................................ 52 2.2.6 fUj;jpl;lf; fpuak;> KjyPL kw;Wk; epjp %yq;fs; ....................................................................... 53

3. இருக்கும் சுற்றாடல் ததாடர்பான விவரம் ................................................................................ 55

3.1 NGSJPF #OYK ; ,LMIKTPAYK ; .................................................................................................................. 55 3.1.1 Gtpr;rupjtpaYk; kz;Zk; .......................................................................................................................... 56 3.1.2 fhhyepiy kw;Wk; tspkz;lytpaYk;................................................................................................ 68 3.1.3 ePu;g;gz;gpaypd; jw;Nghija epiy ........................................................................................................ 69 3.1.4 epy ePu; .................................................................................................................................................................. 72 3.1.5 Nkw;gug;G ePu;j; juk; ....................................................................................................................................... 73

3.2 CAPUPAY ; RW;WHLY; ................................................................................................................................................. 75 3.2.2 rhfpatpay; tsq;fs; - jhtuk; .............................................................................................................. 77 3.2.3 rhfpatpay; tsq;fs; - tpyq;F ............................................................................................................. 81

3.3 R%F KW;WK ; FYHRHU RW;WHLY; ..................................................................................................................... 94 3.3.1 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapd; jw;Nghija r%f nghUshjhu kw;Wk; fyhrhu epiy................. 95 3.3.2 fUj;jpl;l ghjpg;G tPl;Lj;Jiwapd; r%f nghUshjhu tpguj;jpul;L ................................ 101 3.3.3 jw;Nghija ePu;toq;fYk; ePu;g;ghtidAk; ..................................................................................... 103 3.3.4 fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; jw;NghJs;s cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; ................................................. 104 3.3.5 jw;NghJs;s Rfhjhu kw;Wk; Vida r%fg; gpur;rpidfs;. ................................................. 106 3.3.6 ngsjPf uPjpapy; ,ayhikiaf; nfhz;Ls;s tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupy; r%f nghUshjhu

epiyikfs; .................................................................................................................................................................... 106 3.3.7 fyhrhu tuyhw;W GijnghUspay; mk;rq;fs; / guprPypg;Gf;fs; ........................................ 113


3.4 GIJNGHUSPAY; MA;TPD; KIWAPAY; .............................................................................................................. 113 3.4.1 Kf;fpakhd GijnghUspay; ,lq;fs; ............................................................................................ 116

4. CJ;NJRF; FUJ;JPL;LJ;JHY; VJPU;GHU;F;FG;GLK; RW;WHLY; JHF;FQ;FS; ....... 119

4.1 MK;GD ; FQ ;IFAPD; EPUG;GZ;GPAY ; KHW;WQ ;FS; ............................................................................................ 119 4.2 K P XAH KW;WK ; `F ;TW;WDH XAH EPU; TBEPYQ ;FSPY; EPHG;GZ;GFS; KHW;WQ;FS ; ....................... 120

4.2.1 nts;sg;ngUf;F Vw;gLjy; ...................................................................................................................... 123 4.3 EPU;G;GK ;GPAYPD; KHW;WQ ;FSPD; EPKPJ;JKHF RHFPATPAY; KPJHD JHF;FQ;FS ; ...................................... 124

4.3.1 rhfpatpay; jhf;fk; .................................................................................................................................... 124 4.3.2 tpyq;Ffs; ....................................................................................................................................................... 126

4.4 TPTRHAK; K PJHD JHF;FQ;FS ; ........................................................................................................................... 128 4.5 ,LKHW;WK; KW;WK ; K PS; FBNAW;WJ ;JPD; KPJHD JHF ;FQ;FS; ............................................................. 131 NRHJ;JG; NGWKHDQ ;FS; K PJHD JHF;FQ;FS; ............................................................................................................. 132

4.5.1 ,lk;ngaUk; rdr%fj;jpd; tho;f;if Kiwapyhd khw;wq;fSk; gpd;dilTfSk;.....

.............................................................................................................................................................................. 133 4.5.2 tjpgtu;fSf;Fk; ,lk;;ngau;gtu;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Kuz;ghLfs;............................ 134 4.5.3 kf;fspd; tUkhdk; <l;Lk; Kiwikfspd; jhf;fk; .................................................................. 134 4.5.4 ,g;gFjpapYs;s fhzpg;ghtid ghzp kPjhd jhf;fq;fs; .................................................... 134 4.5.5 fy;tp kPjhd jhf;fk; .................................................................................................................................. 135 4.5.6 ,lk;ngaUk; rdr%fj;jpd; Rfhjhur; Nritfs; kPjhd jhf;fk; ...................................... 135 4.5.8 fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg; gFjp kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaUk; rdrfj;jpd; kjk;> fyhrhuk; kPjhd

jhf;fk; ............................................................................................................................................................... 135 4.5.9 fUj;jpl;l epukhzg; gFjpf;F ntspNaahd fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; r%f> nghUshjhu

kw;Wk; fyhrhuj; jhf;fq;fs; ................................................................................................................................. 136 4.6 RHA;TFS ; KW;WK ; EPYF;F PO ; GHIJG; GFJPFSPD; EPU;KHZF; FL ;LK; ................................................... 137 4.8 KHRILJY; MK ;RQ;FS; ...................................................................................................................................... 138 eltbf;if fl;lk; ........................................................................................................................................................ 138 4.8.1 tsp khriljy; ............................................................................................................................................. 138 4.8.2 ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;tpd; jhf;fq;fs; ............................................................................................ 139 4.8.3 Nkw;gug;G rpijT kw;Wk; epu;khzj;jpd;nghOjhd kz;zupg;G ............................................ 142 4.8.4 epu;khz ,ae;jpuq;fspd; epkpj;jkhd ePu; khrilejy; ............................................................ 142

4.9 GIJNGHUSPAY; GFJPFS; KPJHD JHF;FK; .................................................................................................. 142 4.10 FDPATSQ ;FS; KPJHD JHF;FK ; ....................................................................................................................... 144 4.11 EPU;G;GHTID /VLJ ;JF;NFHS ;SIF /EPU;G;GHRDJ ;JPL ;LQ;FS; VD ;GTW;WPD; KPJHD JHF;FQ;FS; ... 144

4.11.1 ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs; ........................................................................................................................ 144 4.11.2 gpupj;njLg;Gf;fs; ..................................................................................................................................... 147 4.11.3 ePu;g;ghtidapd; jhf;fk; ..................................................................................................................... 147 4.11.4 ,ize;j trjpfs; ................................................................................................................................. 149 4.11.5 %yg;nghUl;fisg; ngw fpz;ba gFjpfs;> nfhl;Lk; gFjpfs;> fw;Fopfs;. ......... 149 4.11.6 nry;Ytjw;fhd ghijfs; ................................................................................................................. 149 4.11.7 njhopyhsu;fspd; njhopy; Rfhjhuk;> - ghJfhg;G gpur;rpidfSk;> njhopyhsu;

Kfhk;fspd; tpgj;Jf;fSk; > ................................................................................................................................. 150 4.11.8 fhyepiy khw;wk; .................................................................................................................................. 150

4.12 JHF;FG; GFG;GHA ;T ................................................................................................................................................. 163

5. CJ;NJR JZPG;G VW;GHLFS; ..................................................................... 169

NGSJPF TSQ;FS; ................................................................................................................................................................ 169 5.1 JZPG;G VW;GHLFS ; - EPU;G;GZ;GPAY; KW;WK ; EPU;J ;JUK; ............................................................................ 169

5.1.1 ,g;gFjpapYs;s ePu; nry;Yk;topapYs;s kf;fspd; cupikfis

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; ...................................................................................................................... 169 5.1.2 epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ gbjy; fl;Lg;ghL ........................................................................................... 170


5.1.3 nts;sk; Vw;gLjy; ...................................................................................................................................... 170 5.1.4 epu;khz ,ae;jpuq;fspd; epkpj;jkhf Vw;gLk; ePu; khriljiyj; jLg;gjw;fhd

Vw;ghLfs; ......................................................................................................................................................................... 171 5.1.5 epy ePu; kw;Wk; Nkw;gug;G ePupd; khw;wq;fSf;fhd Vw;ghLfs; ............................................ 171

5.2 RPIJTFS; / FOPT NTSPNAW;WIFFS; K PJHD JZPG;G VW;GHLFS; .................................................... 172 5.3 KZ; KW;WK ; ,L MIKG;GPAY ; JHF;FJ ;JPW;FHD JZPG;G VW;GHLFS; ................................................... 173

5.3.1 epu;khzjjpd;nghOJ Nkw;gug;G nfLjy; my;yJ mbgl;Lg; NghjYf;fhd jzpg;G

Vw;ghLfs; ......................................................................................................................................................................... 173 5.4 EPU;J ;NJF ;FQ;FS; MIKF;FG;GL ;LJD; TPISTHF RHA;TFS; RUPTIJJ; JZPG;GJW;FHD VW;GHLFS; ..

.................................................................................................................................................................................... 175 5.5 KZ;RUPT VW;GLTJW;FHD ,AYIKAK; RHA;IT CWJPG;GLJ ;JYK; ................................................... 175 5.6 TSP KHRILJY;> ,IUR ;RY;> MJPU;T VD;GTW;WF ;FHD JZPG;G VW;GHLFS ; ...................................... 177

5.6.1 tsp khriljy; ............................................................................................................................................. 177 5.6.2 ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;Tj;jhf;fq;fs; ................................................................................................ 177

5.7 JHTUQ;FS; MFW;WG;GLTJPD; EPKPJ;JKHF KZ; JUQ;FIWTJW ;FHD JZPG;G VW;GHLFS ;. ......... 179 5.8 ELTBF;IFAPD;NGHOJHD JZPG;G VW;GHLFS ; .............................................................................................. 179 RHFPATPAY; TSQ;FS; ........................................................................................................................................................... 179 5.9 JZPG;G VW;GHLFS ; - RHFPATPAY ; TSQ;FS; ................................................................................................ 179 5.10 JZPG;G VW;GHLFS ; - R%F FYHRHU MK;RQ;FS; ..................................................................................... 183

5.10.1 ,lk;ngau;e;j rdr%fj;jpdiu kPsf; FbNaw;Wjy; ............................................................ 183 5.10.2 ,lk;khwpa Ml;fspd; tho;thjhuq;fis Kd;Ndw;WtJ kPjhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;

......................................................................................................................................................................... 183 5.10.3 mg;gFjp kf;fs; kw;Wk; Gyk;ngau;e;NjhUf;fpilapy; Kuz;ghLfisj;

jPu;g;gjw;fhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; .......................................................................................................................... 183 5.10.4 tUkhdk; <l;Lk; Kiwikfs; kPjhd jhf;fq;fs; kPjhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; ...... 184 5.10.5 tpNrl ftdk; Ntz;ba rdr%f FOf;fs; ............................................................................ 184 5.10.6 tptrhag; nghUshjhu Kaw;rpfspd; kPjhd ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fSf;fhd cj;Njr

jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;........................................................................................................................................................ 184 GIJNGHUSPAY ; KW;WK ; FYHRHU TSQ;FS ; ............................................................................................................... 185 5.11 GIJNGHUSPAY; ,LQ;FSF ;FHD JHF;FQ;FSF ;FHD JZPG;G VW;GHLFS ;........................................ 185

6. TP];JUPF;FG;GL;L FPUA ED;IK GFG;GHA;T .............................................. 188

6.1 MWPKFK; ................................................................................................................................................................. 188 6.2 FPUAQ;FS; KW;WK ; ED;IKFIS ,DK; FHZJYK ; KJPG;GPLJYK; ................................................. 189

6.2.1 fUj;jpl;lf; fpuaq;fs; ................................................................................................................................ 189 6.2.2 fUj;jpl;l ed;ikfs; ............................................................................................................................ 194

6.3 ,DK ; FHZG;GL ;L FPUAQ;FS; KW;WK ; ED;IKFSPD; KJPG;GPL .............................................................. 197 6.4. $UZU;T GFG;GHA ;T .......................................................................................................................................... 198 6.5. FYE;JIUAHLY; .................................................................................................................................................... 199

6.5.1 ngWkjp kjpf;fg;glhj fUj;jpl;lf; fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfs; ...................................... 199 6.5.2 $Uzu;Tg; gFg;gha;Tfs; kPJ .............................................................................................................. 200 6.5.3 ePbj;J epiyf;ff;$ba jd;ikAk; gq;fPl;L tplaq;fSk; ...................................................... 200

7. JFTY; NTSPG;GLJ;JIF> FYE;JHNYHRPG;G> KW;WK; GQ;FGW;WIF...... 201

8. FIWJPU;G;G NGHWPKIW ................................................................................ 205

8.1 FHUZ FHUPAQ ;FS; .............................................................................................................................................. 205 8.2 KIWG;GHLFS ; KFHIKJ;JTK ; ....................................................................................................................... 205 8.3 FIWJ PU;G;GF ; FO (GRC) .................................................................................................................................. 206 8.4 FIWJ PU;G;G NGHWPKIWF;FHD EPWTD VW;GHLFS ; ..................................................................................... 207 8.5 FIWJ PU;G;GF ;FOTPD; MA;NTY ;IYFS ; .......................................................................................................... 208


9. RW;WHLY; KFHIKJ;JT EPFO;R;RPJ;JPL;LK; ............................................... 211

9 (I) RW;WHLY; FZ;FHZPG;GJ ; JPL ;LK ; ....................................................................................................................... 226 9.1 KZ; KW;WK ; ,LMIKT ................................................................................................................................... 226

9.1.1 epu;khzf; fl;lk; ................................................................................................................................................ 226 9.1.2 eltbf;if fl;lk; ............................................................................................................................................ 228

9.2 EPYEPU; JUK; ........................................................................................................................................................... 231 9.2.1 epu;khzf; fl;lj;j;pd;nghOJ ........................................................................................................................ 231 9.2.2 eltbf;if fl;lj;j;pd;nghOJ ..................................................................................................................... 232

9.3 NKW;GUG;G JUK ; .................................................................................................................................................... 232 9.3.1 epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ ........................................................................................................................ 233 9.3.2 eltbf;if fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ ..................................................................................................................... 233

9.4 NGHWPAPAY; MK;RQ ;FS; ......................................................................................................................................... 234 9.4.1 epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ ........................................................................................................................ 234

9.5 EPU;G;GHRD NRAW;GHLFS ; ..................................................................................................................................... 237 9.5.1 eltbf;if fl;lq;fspd;nghOJ ................................................................................................................ 237

9.6 TPYQ;F KW;WK ; JHTU THO;TPLQ;FS; ............................................................................................................ 237 9.6.1 epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ ........................................................................................................................ 238 9.6.2 epu;khzf;fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ ........................................................................................................................... 239

9.7 R%FTPAY; MK;RQ;FS; ........................................................................................................................................ 241 9.8 TSP> ,IUR ;RY;> MJPU;T .................................................................................................................................... 242

9.8.1 epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ ........................................................................................................................ 242 9 (II) JZPG;G KW;WK ; FHZ;FHZPG;G FPUAJ;JPD; RUF ;FK ; .................................................................................. 244 9(III) MKY;GLJ ;JY; VW;GHLFS ; ........................................................................................................................... 245

10. KBTFSK; RPGHU;RFSK; ........................................................................... 249


ml;ltizfspd; epuy;

ml;ltiz 1-1 fUj;jpl;lj;Jld; njhlu;Gila ru;tNjr Rw;whly; xg;ge;jq;fs; ...................... 21

ml;ltiz 2-1 khw;W Kd;nkhopTfspd; xg;gPL ............................................................................ 28

ml;ltiz2-2 fhy;tha;fSf;fhd xJf;fPLfs; ............................................................................ 42

ml;ltiz 2-3 ePNuhilfs; kw;Wk; MWfSf;fhd xJf;fPLfs; ................................................ 43

ml;ltiz 2-4 ngUk; msTfs; ...................................................................................................... 47

ml;ltiz2-5 ePu;j;Njf;f vy;iyf; NfhLfs; ............................................................................... 51

ml;ltiz 2-6 %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf mfOk; gFjpfspd; fhzpg;ghtiz ............................. 51

ml;ltiz3-1 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;g;ghijapd; Clhd epyf;fPo; NtWghLfs; .......................... 65

ml;ltiz3-2 kiotPo;r;rp kw;Wk; ePuhtpahjy; juT .................................................................. 69

ml;ltiz 3-3 Nghtj;jid ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ePu;j;juk; ................................................................ 75

ml;ltiz3-4 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s td xJf;fPLfs; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;gplq;fs;. ................ 76

ml;ltiz3-5 NWP fhy;tha; gpupTfspd; topNa Jhuksf;Fk; vy;iyf;NfhLfSk; gpujhd

tho;tplq;fSk; ........................................................................................................ 76

ml;ltiz 3-6 jhtu capupdq;fspd; RUf;ff;Fwpg;G ................................................................... 80

ml;ltiz 3-7 gjpT nra;ag;gl;l mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shdJk; mt;tplj;jpw;Fk; cupaJkhd

jhtuq;fs; ................................................................................................................ 80

ml;ltiz 3-8 tpyq;Ffspd; juTr; RUf;fk; ................................................................................. 82

ml;ltiz 3-9 cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; jhf;fKWk; mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupa tpyq;Ffspd;

epuy; ................................................................................................................................. 84

ml;ltiz 3-10 cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; jhf;fKWk; mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupa tpyq;Ffspd;

epuy; ................................................................................................................................. 85

ml;ltiz 3-11 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapd; tpguq;fSk; gad;ngWdu;fSk; ......................................... 95

ml;litz 3-12 ghjpf;fg;gLk; tPl;Lj;Jiwapdu;.............................................................................. 97 ml;ltiz 3-13 taJ %yk; gpupj;Jg; ghu;f;fg;gl;l ngsjPf uPjpahf ,lk;ngau;e;j

rdj;njhifapdu; ..................................................................................................... 98 ml;ltiz 3-14 fhy;tha; Clhf cs;s gpujhd fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupTfs; kw;Wk;

fpuhkq;fs; ................................................................................................................ 99

ml;ltiz 3-15 NWP fhy;tha;f;F kpfTk; mz;ikahf cs;s tPLfs; kw;Wk; fl;blq;fs; ....

................................................................................................................................ 100

ml;ltiz 3-16 NWP fhy;tha; topahd gapu;r;nra;if fhzpfSk; Vida fhzpfSk; .... 101

ml;ltiz 3-17 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s kf;fspd; njhopy;fs; .................................................. 102

ml;ltiz 3-18 NWPfhy;tha; gFjpapYs;s rKu;j;jp ngWdu;fspd; vz;zp;f;if. ................ 103

ml;ltiz 3-19 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s ngupa ,ilj;ju ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs; .................. 103

ml;ltiz 3-20 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; fy;tp trjpfs; ................................................................... 105

ml;ltiz 3-21 ghjpf;fg;gl;l tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupd; vz;zp;f;if .................................................. 107 ml;ltiz 3-22 ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fspd; rd vz;zpf;if> ghy;epiy> jpUkzepiy

kw;Wk; taJ .......................................................................................................... 108

ml;ltiz 3-23 FLk;gq;fspd; ,dk;> kjk;> kw;Wk; ghy;epiy tpguq;fs; ............................... 108

ml;ltiz 3-24 ghjpf;fg;gl;l tjptplq;fSk; tjptpl xJf;fPLfSk; ........................................ 109

ml;ltiz 3-25 fhzp clikAupik – tPLfspd; tjpthsu; fhzpfs; (cau;epyk; kw;Wk;

new;fhzpfs;) ........................................................................................................ 110

ml;ltiz 3-26 fl;likg;G (tjptpl tPLfs;) tiffSk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf cs;s

trjpfSk; .............................................................................................................. 110

ml;ltiz 3-27 tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupd; tUlhe;j tUkhdk; ........................................................... 111

ml;ltiz 3-28 ghjpf;fg;gl;l tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupd; Ntiytha;g;G epiy .................................. 112

ml;litz 3-29 Neubahfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l rKu;j;jp ngWdu;fspd; vz;zpf;if ....................... 112

ml;ltiz 3-30 GijnghUs; gFjpfspd; ngau;fSk;> tpgupg;Gk; mtw;wpd; miktplKk;. .... 116

ml;ltiz 4-1 fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapYs;s tptrha rhfpatpy; tyaq;fspd; Fzhk;rq;fs; .. 128


ml;ltiz 4-2 ghjpf;fg;gl;l tPLfs; kw;Wk; Njhl;lg;gFjpfspd; jfty; .................................... 131

ml;ltiz 4-3 ghjpf;fg;gl;l tjpNthupd; fhzpfs; ........................................................................ 131

ml;ltiz 4-4 ghjpf;fg;gl;l fl;likg;Gf;fs; (tPLfs;>) kw;Wk; tjptpl Jz;Lfs; .................. 132

ml;ltiz 4-5 ghjpf;fg;gl;l fl;blq;fspd; epiyik .................................................................... 132

ml;ltiz 4-6 ghjpf;fg;gl;l kuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if (ePz;lfhy kw;Wk; ,ilf;fhyk;) .......... 133

ml;ltiz 4-7 ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; mjpfupf;fg;gLk; ngUk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; ............................... 136

ml;ltiz 4-8 mDkjpf;fg;gl;l fhw;wsT juk; ............................................................................. 139

ml;ltiz 4-9 epu;khz cgfuzq;fspd; ,iur;ry; kl;lk; .......................................................... 140

ml;ltiz 4-10 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s ngupa ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs; ....................................... 146

ml;ltiz 4-11 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s rpwpa Fsq;fspd; njhFjp ........................................... 146

ml;ltiz 4-12 WRDIP apdhy; jhf;fk; tpistpf;fg;gLk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs; .............. 152

ml;ltiz 4-13 WRDIP I My; ghjpf;fg;gLk; gpujhd ,aw;if tho;tplq;fs; ............................. 155

ml;ltiz 4-14 NCP f;fhy;tha; fl;lk; I kw;Wk; ,ize;j trjpfspd; xt;nthU cg fUj;jpl;lj;jhYk; ghjpf;fg;gLk; fUj;jpl;lg; ghjpg;G gFjpfspYk;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l jhtu tpyq;Ffspd; xU RUf;fk; ........................................ 156

ml;ltiz 4-15 kfhtyp Mw;W tbepyj;jpw;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;l capupd tiffspd; epuy; 158

ml;ltiz 4-16 jhf;f mikTf;fhl;b ............................................................................................ 167

ml;litz 5-1 tsp khriljYf;fhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; ........................................................ 177

ml;ltiz 6-1 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; rptpy; Ntiyf;fhd tUlhe;j epiyahd fpuak;...................... 189

ml;ltiz 6-2 fhzpfs; kw;Wk; nrhj;Jf;fspd; el;l<l;Lf; fpuak; kw;Wk; ,lkhw;wy; fpuak; 189

ml;ltiz 6-3 ePu;g;ghrd fl;likg;Gfspd; eltbf;if kw;Wk; NgZiff; fpuaq;fs; ............. 190

ml;ltiz 6-4 cj;Njr NWP fhy;thapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l fhzpfs; ......................................... 190

ml;ltiz 6-5 tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; jhtuq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G kw;Wk; fz;fhzpj;jy; fpuaq;fs;

................................................................................................................................... 191

ml;ltiz 6-6 tpyq;Ffs; kPjhd jhf;fj;jpw;fhd jzpg;G fpuak; ............................................... 191

ml;ltiz 6-7 Vida Rw;whly; fzpg;Gf;fSk; fz;fhzpg;G fpuaq;fSk; ................................ 193

ml;ltiz 6-8 ePu;g;gha;r;rf;$ba gFjpfs;> gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpfs;> kw;Wk;

fUj;jpl;lj;JlDk; fUj;jpl;lk; my;yhkYkhd nghUshjhug; ngWkhdq;fs;. . 194

ml;ltiz 6-9 NWP fhy;thahy; ePu; toq;fg;gLK; rpW jpl;lq;fs; ............................................. 195

ml;ltiz6-10 NWP fhy;thahy; ePu; ngWk; gFjpfspd; nghUshjhug; ngWkhdq;fs;. ........ 196

ml;ltiz 6-11 fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ed;ikiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; NtWgl;l fhzpg;

gad;ghLfs; ........................................................................................................... 196

ml;ltiz 6-12 ,dk; fhzg;gl;l fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfspd; RUf;fk; ............................ 197

ml;ltiz 6-13 fpua ed;ikg; gFg;gha;tpd; RUf;fk; analysis .................................................. 198

ml;ltiz 6-14 $Uzu;T gFg;gha;T ............................................................................................ 199


cUf;fs; kw;Wk; Njrg;glq;fspd; epuy;

cU 1-1 jpl;l tupg;glk; - UEC kw;Wk; NWP fhy;tha;fspypUe;jhd ePu; tpepNahfk; ....................... 2

cU 1-2 fUj;jpl;l cl;$Wfs; - fl;lk; I kw;Wk; II .................................................................................... 4

cU 2-1 jpl;l tiuglk; - CECB Kd;nkhopT .......................................................................................... 25

cU 2-2 kfhtyp mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPohd mgptpUj;jpg; gFjpfs;; ............................ 26

cU 2-3 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nghJthd jscUtj; jpl;lk; ...................................................................... 31

cU 2-4 NWP kw;Wk; Nky; vynfu fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ePu; toq;fy; tupg;glk; .................................. 36

cU 2-5 kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; epow;jpl;l glk; ....................................... 40

cU 3-1 fhyepiy tyak;> Mw;W tbepyq;fs;> ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; twl;rpAld;

njhlu;Gila gapupog;Gf;fs; ................................................................................................ 56

cU 3-2 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;r; Ruq;fg;ghijapd; nlf;Nlhdpf; jl;L kjpg;gPL .................................. 58

cU 3-3 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;r; Ruq;fg;ghijapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ghiw tbtq;fs; .................... 59

cU 3-4 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;Gf; fhl;ly; tpk;gk; (CH 22+400 to

22+975) ............................................................................................................................................... 60

cU 3-5 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;g;ghijapd; ,U gupkhz vjpu;g;Gf;fhl;ly; tpk;gk; (Ch 23+100 to 23+470)

............................................................................................................................................................ 61

cU 3-6 kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; gpujhd mizf;fl;L mr;rpd; ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;G tpk;gk; ..... 61

cU 3-7 kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; nghWg;Ngw;Fk; mizf;fl;L mr;rpd; ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;G

tpk;gk; ................................................................................................................................................. 62

cU 3-8 kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;f mizf;fl;bd; ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;G tpk;gk; (LB) ................................ 62

cU 3-9 kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;f mizf;fl;bd; ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;G tpk;gk; (RB) ................................ 62

cU 3-10 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;g; ghij> ePu;j;Njf;fk; kw;Wk; fhy;tha; mbg;gFjpapy; cs;s

Jisaplg;gl;l ,lq;fs; ................................................................................................................... 63

cU 3-11 epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij epyj;jpd; topNa epyePu;g;ghj;jpapd; Mok; .......................................... 65

cU 3-12 epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij Kb kl;lj;jpypUe;J epyePu;g;ghj;jpfspd; cau NtWghL ................ 66

cU 3-13 khjhe;j NtWgl;l kiotPo;r;rp ............................................................................................... 71

cU 3-14 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s gpujhd Mw;W tbepyq;fs; ......................................................... 72

cU 3-15 ,yq;if epyePu; ghiwg;gilfs;............................................................................................ 73

cU 3-16 GijnghUspay; ,lq;fspd; miktplq;fs; ...................................................................... 115

cU4-1 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s fhy;tha; tiyg;gpd;dy; ............................................................. 145

cU 4-2 NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; jpirjpUg;gy; Gs;spfs; ................................................... 147

cU4-3 ,lj;jpw;Fr; nry;yf;$ba tPjpfSk; Kfhk; gFjpfSk; ................................................... 164

cU 4-4 GSMB fw;Fopg; gFjpfs; tpgupf;fg;gl;lJ .............................................................................. 165

cU 4-5 %yg;nghUs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l gFjpfSk; nfhl;Lifg; gFjpfSk; ........................ 166

cU5-1 kpUfq;fs; flj;jy; ................................................................................................................... 174

cU 5-2 kPsf; fhlhf;fYf;fhd cj;Njrg; gFjpfs; ........................................................................... 182

cU 8-1 Kiwg;ghL ifahsy; kw;Wk; FiwjPu;g;G nghwpKiw ....................................................... 206

cU 9-1 NWPC fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; PIU apd; epWtd ml;ltiz .......................................................... 248


I

1. epiwNtw;Wr;RUf;fk;

cj;Njr tlNky; khfhzf; fUj;jpl;lk; (NWPC) ,d; Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%fj; jhf;fq;fis ,e;j Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if kjpg;gpLfpwJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ tlNky; khfhzj;jpYs;s njJW Xah Mw;W tbepyj;jpy; cs;s ff;tLd Xah ePu;g;ghrd KiwikiaAk; tlNky; khfhzj;jpYs;s kPXah tbepyj;jpd; ,ilj;ju kw;Wk; rpwpa

ePu;g;ghrd KiwikfisAk; cs;slf;FfpwJ. NWP fhy;thahdJ tlNky; khfhz

fhy;tha; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; (NCPCP) cld; xd;Wlndhd;W ,izf;fg;gLfpwJ. NCPCP

MdJ ,uz;L fl;lq;fis nfhz;bUf;fpwJ: (i). Nky; vynfu fhy;tha; (UEC) epu;khzpg;G. ,J nkhuffe;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;jhd ePiu tlkj;jpa khfhzj;jpw;F

(NCP)jpirkhw;wp mDg;GfpwJ; kw;Wk; (ii) tlkj;jpa khfhzf; fhy;thahdJ ePiu tlkj;jpa

khfhzj;jpypUe;J tlkhfhzj;jpw;F jpirjpUg;GfpwJ. UEC fhy;tha; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJk;

jw;nghOJ Nghtj;jd epyf;fPo; topapdhy; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk; gFjpfs; UEC

fhy;thapypUe;J ePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; ,jd; epkpj;jk; ePu;r;Nrkpg;Gf;fshdit NWPC

DhL NWPw;F jpirjpUg;gp mDg;gf;$bajha; ,Uf;Fk;. xU gpwpjhd mwpf;ifahdJ UEC

fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fis kjpg;gPL nra;fpwJ.

cj;Njr NWPC MdJ khj;jis khtl;lj;jpy; nydNlhuhtpYs;s Nghtj;jd epyf;fPo;

topapd; ntspr;nry;Yifapy; fpl;lj;jl;l 1 fpkP fPohfTs;s xU Gs;spapypUe;J Muk;gpf;fpwJ. nry;Yk; topapy; ,e;j jpirkhw;wp mDg;Gk; fhy;thahdJ ntkpby;ytpw;F ePiu tpepNahfk; nra;tJld; gpd;G mJ nltFth ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;Fk; ePiu toq;Fk;. ,e;j khw;wp mDg;Gk; fhy;thahdJ FUzhfiy khtl;lj;jpYs;s fNfy;y gy;Nyfy;y ruzhyaj;jpDhlhfr; nrd;W fsQ;rpa ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshftpUf;Fk; kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUytpw;Fk; toq;FfpwJ. kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F khw;wpaikf;ff; $bajha; cs;sJ. jpirjpUg;gg;gl;l ePuhdJ FUzhfypy; ,Uf;Fk; jw;NghJs;s kw;Wk; Gjpa ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gLtJld; ff;tJd Xah tbepyk; kw;Wk; Nky; kP Xah tbepyk; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F ePu;ghrd KiwikapDhL toq;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; FbePuhdJ 5 gpuNjrnrayhsu; gpuptpy; mike;jpUf;Fk; 393 fpuhk cj;jpNahfg; gpuptpd; ed;ik ngWk; 80>000 FLk;gq;fSf;F Nfhupf;iff;Fg; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ 2 fl;lkhf mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ, mjhtJ:

fl;lk; 1 – ehye;j – ntkby;y – njtFt Cl;ly; fhy;tha; - ff;tJd Xah jpirjpUg;gy;

fl;lk; 2- kfhtyp jpir jpUg;gyhdJ fPo;epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; Nghtj;jd ePu;g;ghrd Ruq;fg;ghijapypUe;J kP Xah tbepyj;jpw;F

Gjpa ePu;g;ghrd vLj;Jr;nry;Yk; fhy;thahdJ kfhtyp ePiu Nky; kP Xah kw;Wk;

njJWXah – ff;tJXah tbepyq;fSf;F jpirjpUg;GtJld; khj;jis kw;Wk; FUzhfy; khtl;lj;jpYs;s 5 gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpuptpd; 31 fpuhk Nritahsu; gpuptpYs;s 41

fpuhkq;fspDhL njhlu;e;J jpirjpUg;GfpwJ. fhy;tha;r; RtLfs; 78.6 fpkP ePsKk;> 12.4 fpkP

ntspNaahd tdtpyq;F kw;Wk; tdg;ghJfhg;G jpizf;fq;fspDhL ,aq;FtJld;; kPjp 66.2

fpkP MdJ kdpj jPu;Tfs; %yk; njhlu;e;J nry;Yk;. fUj;jpl;l mikg;G kw;Wk; miktpl Njrg;glq;fs; ,e;j mwpf;ifapy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fUj;jpl;lkhdJ cl;fl;likg;Gf;fshd ngUk; vz;zpf;ifahd ePu;topfs; mlq;fyhf MjuT fl;likg;Gf;fshd ghij flg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; ghyq;fs;> jpirjpUg;gy;fs;> fhy;tha;fs;> kjFfs;> frpTfs;> Ruq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; Gifapuj flitfspid fl;bnaOg;Gk;.

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l fpuakhdJ 14.45 gpy;ypad; &ghf;fs; MFk;. ,e;j

KjyPlhdJ Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp kw;Wk; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy; epjpaPl;lg;gLfpwJ.


II

nghUshjhu gFg;gha;thdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; MAl;fhyk; 50 tUlq;fshfTk;> kw;Wk; Gjpa rpy ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fis Muk;gpg;gjw;F jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s NghJ 4tJ tUlj;jpypUe;J ed;ik ngWdu;fisAk; vjpu;ghu;j;Js;sJ. 8tJ Mz;by;> fl;Lkhd KjyPlhdJ

Kw;Wg;ngWtJld; kw;Wk; tUlhe;j epfu tUkhdk; MdJ cr;rkl;lkhd & 2,045

kpy;ypaDf;F cau;tile;jpUf;Fk;. nghUshjhu kw;Wk; epjpg; gFg;gha;thdJ nghUshjhu

cs;sPl;L tpfpjk; 13.6% fzf;fplg;gLtjhy; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ nghUshjhu rhj;jpak;

tha;e;jnjdf; fhl;LfpwJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%fj; jhf;fq;fis Nehf;fhf nfhz;L xU Rw;whly; kjpg;gPL Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,k; kjpg;gPlhdJ kj;jpa Rw;whly; rig kw;Wk; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; 2009Mk; Mz;L ghJfhg;Gf; $w;Wf; nfhs;if vd;gtw;wpd; ghJfhg;Gj; Njitg;ghLfSf;F ftdk; nrYj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ifnfhs;sg;gLk; Kiwapay;fspy; cs;slq;Ftdthtd cyu;tyaj;jpy; elhj;jg;gl;l xU midj;Jklq;fpa Kd;ida ePu;g;gz;gpay;> ,lmiktpay;> Gtpr;rupjtpay; kw;Wk; Rw;whltpay; Ma;Tfs; midj;Jklq;fpa kPsha;T jhf;f Kd;dwpTg;G kw;Wk; gFg;gha;T vd;gdthFk;. ghjpf;fgltpUf;Fk; rdr%fq;fs; cl;gl mur cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kw;Wk; Vida Kf;fpaj; jfty; toq;FNthu;fs; gq;fhd;ikahsu;fs; cld; fye;Jiuahly;fs; ,lk;ngWfpwJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ k`pe;j rpe;jidapy; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd;

xl;Lnkhj;j mgptpUj;jp Nehf;Fld; xj;Jg; Nghtjhf cs;sJ. “gy ePu;g;ghrj; jpl;lq;fspd; nraw;ghLifahdJ fle;j rpy tUlq;fspy; mjd; Muk;g thapy;fisAk;; mile;Jtpltpy;iy vd mJ Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. MfNt mNdfkhd jpl;lq;fspd; KjyPLfspd; tpisTfshdit jho;kl;lj;jpYk; nghUj;jkw;wjhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. fpilf;ff; $ba Kiwikfspd; nraw;gLifia Kd;Ndw;WtjhdJ xU czug;gl;l Njitahf khwpAs;sJ. ,jidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L ePu;g;ghrdj; Jiwapd; vjpu;fhykhdJ Gjpa ePu;%yq;fs; fpilf;f $bajhf ,Ug;gij mjpfupg;gjdhy; tptrha cw;gj;jpj; jpwid Cf;Ftpf;Fk; xU topia mikg;gjhfTk; jw;NghJs;s ePu;g;ghtiz kl;lj;jpid

mjpfupg;gjhAk; cr;rkl;lj;jpw;F tpidj;jpwid khw;WtjhfTk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ”.

fUj;jpl;lk; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk; rl;l #oikthdJ gy rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; epahaq;fspdhy;

Msg;gLfpwJ> ,t;tplaj;jpy; kpfTk; njhlu;Giladthf ,Ug;git:

1979Mk; Mz;L 23Mk; ,yf;f ,yq;if kfhtyp mjpfhu rig rl;lk;

1951 Mk; Mz;L 25Mk; ,yf;f kw;Wk; 1953 Mk; Mz;L 29Mk; ,yf;f kw;Wk; 1996 Mk; Mz;L 24Mk; ,yf;f rl;lj;jpDhL jpUj;jg;gl;lthwhd kz;ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk;

1946 Mk; Mz;L 32Mk; ,yf;f ePu;g;ghrd fl;lisr; rl;lk;, 1951 Mk; Mz;L

1Mk; ,yf;fr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; 1968 Mk; Mz;L 48Mk; ,yf;f, 1973 Mk; Mz;L

37Mk; ,yf;fr; rl;lk;

Njrpar; rl;l #oikTg; ghJfhg;Gj; Njitfshdit gpd;tUk; ,U Kf;fpa xOq;FgLj;jy;

rl;lf Ntiyfspy; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wd:

1980Mk; Mz;L 47Mk; ,yf;f Njrpa Rw;whly; rl;lk; (NEA) 1988 Mz;L 56Mk; ,yf;fk; kw;Wk; 2000Mk; Mz;L 53Mk; ,yf;fr; rl;lj;jhy; jpUj;jg;gl;lthwhf

NEAd; fPo; tu;j;jkhdpapy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;l EIA xOq;Ffs; (1993 Mk; Mz;L [Pd; 24e;jpfjp ,lg;gl;l 772/72 ,yf;f murhq;f tpNrl tu;j;jkhdp kw;Wk; mjw;Fg; gpw;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpUj;jq;fs;)


III

fUj;jpl;lj;NjhL njhlu;GilajhfTs;s vy;yh nfhs;iffs;> rl;lq;fs;> xOq;Ffs; kw;Wk; topfhl;Ljy;fshtd gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gl;L ,e;j mwpf;ifapy; nghUs;Nfhlg;gLfpd;wd.

,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ tlNky; khfhzj;jpd; Vida mgptpUj;jp Kidg;Gf;fSld; xj;jpaq;Ftdthf cs;sJ. Nky; kP Xah tbepyj;jpy; ,Jtiuf;Fk; ve;jtpj ePu;ts mgptpUj;jp jpl;lKk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,f;fUj;jpl;l mKy;g;gLj;jypd; nghOJ ePu;ghrdj; jpizf;fskhdJ mjpfhupfisAk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngupa kw;Wk; rpwpa ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fspd; epkpj;jkhf ed;ik ngWgtu;fis xd;whf nfhz;L tUtJld; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epUthf kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj; Njitfis jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;;tjw;fhf xU ,iz Kfhikj;Jt Kiwia (FOit) jPu;khdq;fs; vLg;gjw;fhfTk; epiwNtw;wTk; epakpf;Fk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ePz;lfhyg; Nghf;fpy; gy ed;ikahd jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,Ue;jhYk; rpy Kf;fpakhd ghjfkhd r%f kw;Wk; Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fs; cs;sd. mtw;wpw;fhd jzpj;jy; Vw;ghLfshtd tpgupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

ePu;g;gz;Gfs; khw;wq;fs; njhlu;ghf gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd:

njJW Xah tbepyk;: ,e;j jpUg;gp mDg;GifahdJ njJW Xah tbepyj;jpy; ,Ue;J ff;tj;Jd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F ePu; khw;wp mDg;GifA+lhf xU rhjfkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. ff;j;Jd Xah ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lj;jpd; gapu;r;nra;if tsu;r;rpahdJ 1.5 ypUe;J 1.8 Mf mjpfupf;Fk;.

fyh Xah tbepyk;: ,e;j jpUg;gp mDg;GifahdJ fyh Xah tbepyj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntkby;y kw;Wk; njtFt ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F ePu; khw;wp mDg;GifA+lhf xU rhjfkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,uz;L ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpdJk; gapu;r;nra;if tsu;r;rpahdJ 1.8 ypUe;J 2.0 Mf mjpfupf;Fk;.

kP Xah tbepyk;: ,e;j jpUg;gp mDg;GifahdJ kfhfpJy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspw;F ePu; khw;wp mDg;GifA+lhf kpdpXah tbepyj;jpy; xU rhjfkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JtJld; 4000 n`f;Nlau;fSila rpwpa FsePu;j;njhFjpapy; gapu;r;nra;if tsu;r;rpahdJ 1.0 ypUe;J 1.5 Mf mjpfupj;J ed;ikailAk;.

Fsq;fspyhd 1/3 Fiwe;jgl;r Nrkpg;G ,aYikapd; NgZifahdJ (tuz;l fhyq;fspYk; $l) fhl;L kpUfq;fSf;F xU Rw;whly; ed;ikaspg;gjhf mikAk;. ,J cyu; fhyg;gFjpfspy; $l xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; cau; epyePu; kl;lj;ijg; Ngz cjTtJld; ,t;thW nra;tjhdJ fhLfspy; epy ePu;j; juj;ij Kd;Ndw;Wjy; kw;Wk; tul;rp tpisTfisf; Fiwj;jy; vd;gtw;wpw;F cjTfpwJ.

rhfpatpay; jhf;fq;fs; vd;W ghu;f;Fk; nghOJ cj;Njrf; fhy;thapd; ngUk;ghfkhdJ tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fs; ney; tay;fs; tptrha kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l fhzpfs; Nghd;w jpUj;jg;gl;l kdpj tho;tplq;fSlhfTk; Gju;f;fhLfs;> vg;NghJk; gr;irahd tul;rp fye;j fhLfs;> jukpoe;j cyu; gRikf; fhLfs;> rPuope;j Njf;Fj; Njhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Mw;Nwhuf; fhLfs; Nghd;w gy ,aw;if tho;tplq;fs; epiwe;j ,lq;fshy; gazpj;J tho;tplq;fs; rPuoptjw;Fk; mit rpijtjw;Fk; fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. tskhd gy;Tapu;j;jd;ikapd; fUT+yq;fshf ,Ug;gjhfTk; tpNrlkhf Mw;Nwhuf; fhL cyu; fyg;G gRikf; fhLfs;> Fog;gg;gl;l cyu; fyg;G gRikf; fhLfs; kw;Wk; Gju;fhLfs; Nghd;w epyk; rhu; tho;tplq;fs; Mditfs; cj;Njr ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;thapdhy; ghjpg;gilAk; vdTk; mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

tpyq;Ffisg; nghWj;j tiuapy; ftdpf;fg;gl;l ,U cj;Njr Fsq;fshfpa> kfh fpJy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ( ,uz;Lk; ,ize;J 342 n`f;Nlau;fs; MFk;) vd;gd fhl;bidAk; Gju;f;fhl;bizAk; ffy;y-gy;Nyfy;y ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shd Njf;f ehl;lg;gl;l gFjpfisAk; nts;sf fhlhf;Ftjhy; tho;tplq;fs; ,y;yhky; NghtJld; kpUfq;fSf;fhd efu;Tg; ghijfSk; milf;fg;gl;L tpNrlkhf Mrpa ahid> Njthq;Ff;fub> mr;RWj;jYf;F cs;shdJk; kw;Wk; mt;tplj;jpw;F cupaJkhd Cu;tdit


IV

Nghd;w ngupa Ml;ftu;r;rp kpF capupd tiffSk; jkJ tho;tplq;fis ,og;gJld; mtw;wpd; efu;Tg; ghijAk; milf;fg;gLk; vd mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; Neubahfj; jhf;fg;gLk; tyaj;jpYs;s jw;Nghija xNunahU tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;gplkhf ffy;y-gy;Nyfy ruzhyak; ,Ug;gjhYk; ,ijj; jtpu NtnwhU ruzhyakhfpa ,aw;if ghJfhg;gplq;fs;> Njrpa G+q;fhq;fs;> ahidj; jho;thuhq;fs;> tdg;ghJfhg;gplq;fs; my;yJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;l <uepyq;fs; gFjpf;Fs;shj ,t; ehd;Fk; ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ffy;y-gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpd; kPJ msthd jhf;fj;ijNa Vw;gLj;Jk;.

Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;gPlhdJ (30kP mfykhd) ghijj;Jz;by; ,jd; r%fr; Rw;whly; ,g;gFjpapYs;s jhtu tpyq;Ffis ,zq;fhzTk; elhj;jg;gl;lJ. mz;ikapy; elhj;jg;gl;l kPs;FbNaw;w Ma;thdJ mjd; tPr;nry;iyia jpir jpUg;Gk; fhy;tha; fle;J nry;Yk; kj;jpa Nfhl;L Xl;ilf;F jdJ tPr;ir tiuaWj;J cs;sJ. ngsjPf uPjpapy; ,lk;ngaUk; tPl;Lj; Jiwapdupd; vz;zpf;ifahdJ 22 MFk;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf 480 tPl;Lj;Jiwapdu; fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf jkJ fhzpfis ,og;gu;. xU tptukhd kPs;FbNaw;wy; mKy;g;gLj;Jid jpl;lkhdJ epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; rl;lfNtiyia neUf;fkhfg; NgZtij gpd;gw;Wk; mj;jpl;lkhdJ fhzpr; Rtpfupg;G> el;l<L toq;fy;> tUkhdj;ij kPs epiyehl;bf; nfhs;sy;> ghjpf;fg;gl;l Ml;fspd; ,lkhw;w gpur;rpid vd;gtw;iw jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;s cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ; 7 gpuNjr nryhsu; gpuptpYs;s 3 Mw;Wtbepyq;fSf;Fs;shf mike;Js;s vl;L ngupa> eLj;ju kw;Wk; rpwpa Fsq;fis ,izj;J cj;Njrf; fhy;thia epu;khzpg;gjd; Clhf ngUk;Nghfk; rpWNghfqfspy; gapu;r;nra;ifia ,ayr;nra;tJld; cs;Su;f; FbePiug; ngWtjid Rygkhf;FfpwJ. ,J ,g;gFjpapy; thOk; kf;fSf;F NeubahfTk; kiwKfkhfTk; gy topfspy; ed;ik mspg;gJld; ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ xU gyNehf;F mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lkhf fUjg;glf;$baJ.

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpfSk; mjw;F mz;kpj;j gFjpfSk; tpNrl GijnghUspay; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j ,lq;fshf mEuhjGuk;> FUzhfy kw;Wk; ahg;g$th Guhjd ,uhr;rpak; Nghd;w ehl;Lf; fijfSld; njhlu;Gila ,lq;fspy; mike;Js;sd. gpw rpy cau;thf kjpf;fg;gLtdTk; topgLtdTkhfpa ngsj;jf; Nfhapy;fs; kw;Wk; Guhjd mopTfs; vd;gd ,jw;F mz;ikahf mike;Js;sd. Fsk;> jhJNfhgk;> fpuhkk; kw;Wk; Nfhapy; vd;gtw;wpd; Guhjd vz;zf;fUf;;fs; vd;Wk; ngUk; jj;Jttpayhf epiyj;jpUg;gJld; mitfs; ed;F kjpg;gspf;fg;gl;L tpsf;fj;jpy; cs;sJ. fUj;jpl;l rdr%fj;jpy; cs;s taJ Kjpu;e;jtu;fs; kuGupikfis kupahijAlDk; gagf;jpAlDk; ftdpg;gJld; vjpu;fhyj; jiyKiwapdUf;fhf ,e;jg; ghuk;gupaq;fis khw;wpf;nfhLg;gJ ghJfhg;gJk; jkJ nghWg;G vd;w fUj;ij gfpu;e;j nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jtj; jpl;lkhdJ nrhy;yg;gl;l ,j;jhf;fq;fis fUj;jpnyLj;Js;sJld; jzpg;G eltbf;iffisAk; Kd;nkhopfpwJ. xU Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpl;lkhdJ tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld; mJ fUj;jpl;l tpUj;jpahsu;fshYk; cw;gj;jpahsu;fshYk; fUj;jpl;l Kd;Ndw;wj;ij mwpf;ifapLtjw;F fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Rw;Wtl;lj;jpd; nghOJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. xU FiwjPu;g;G nghwpKiwAk; epu;khz kw;Wk; eltbf;iff; fl;lj;jpd; nghOJ vOk; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;f;Fk; Kfkhf rpghupR nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

tlNky; khfhz tptrhapfSf;Fj; Njitahd ePu;g;ghrd ePupd; gw;whf;Fiwia eptu;j;jp

nra;Ak; Kfkhf ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ Kf;fpakhdnjhd;whFk;. ,J gapu;r;nra;if

mlu;j;jpia mjpfupf;fr; nra;tJld; ehl;bd; czT cw;gj;jpia mjpfupf;fr; nra;tJld;

kf;fspd; eyNdhk;giyAk; Kd;Ndw;Wk;. ,yq;ifapd; Njrpag; nghUshjhuj;jpy; Rw;whly;

kw;Wk; KjyPl;L tpidj;jpwdpd; tbtj;jpy; fUj;jpl;lj;ij kjpg;gPL nra;tij mbg;gil

nghUshjhu gFg;gha;Tf;Fs; tp];jupf;fg;gl;l fpua ed;ikg; gFg;gha;thdJ Rw;whly;

tpOkpaq;fis cs;spizf;fpd;wJ. fpuaq;fisAk; ed;ikfisAk; ,zq;fhZtjhdJ


V

fUj;jpl;l Mtzq;fs;> rhj;jpa ts mwpf;if kw;Wk; Vida njhlu;Gila Mtzq;fs;

kw;Wk; fstplaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Kf;fpa mbg;gilj; jfty;fs;

kw;Wk; juTfshtd Nfs;tpf; nfhj;J fUj;Jf; fzpg;Gf;fs; cupa cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSlhd

Neu;fhzy; %ykhf tpgupf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,uz;lhk;epiyj; juTfshdit fUj;jpl;l

Mjuthsupd; cjtp EIA FO cWg;gpdu;fs; kw;Wk; njhlu;Gila cj;jpNahfG+u;t

Mtzq;fspd; cjtpAld; Nrfupf;fg;gLfpwJ. kjpg;gPl;bd; KiwapayhdJ xt;nthU fpua

kw;Wk; ed;ikapYk; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. jhf;fq;fs; Kf;fpakhditahf cs;sd Mdhy;

jPu;khdk; vLg;gjpy; cjTtjw;fhf juuPjpahff; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; juTfspd; fpilf;fg;glhj

jd;ikapd; epkpj;jkhf kjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. rptpy; fl;likg;Gf;fs; Nghd;w kpFjpahf ,Uf;Fk;

nrhj;Jf;fspd; nghUshjhu tho;Tf; fhykhdJ mz;zsthf 50 Mz;Lfs; vd

vz;zg;gLfpwJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ 10% y; &. 2.1 gpy;ypad; xU rhjf jw;Nghija epfug;

ngWkhdj;Jld; epiyj;jpUf;ff; $bajhf cs;sJ. jpUg;Gifapd; nghUshjhu cs;sf

tpfpjkhdJ (EIRR) 14.7% Mf cs;sJ. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ed;ik/fpua tpfpjkhdJ mjd; 10%

fopT tpfpjj;jpis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ kw;Wk; mJ 1.46 MFk;.

vy;yh Rw;whly;; kw;Wk; r%fj; jhf;fq;fshdit EMPd; ftdkhd

mKy;g;gLj;JifapDhlhf jzpf;fg;gl $baJ. MfNt ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ

mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;F rpghupR nra;ag;gLfpwJ.


1

1. mwpKfk;

1.1 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpd;Gyk;

nkhuffe;j fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; tlkj;jpa khfhz fhy;tha; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;

(NCPC) vd;gd mgptpUj;jpia vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;Fk; kfhtypg; ngUe; jpl;lj;jpd; ngUk;$Wfs; MFk;. mtw;wpd; mgptpUj;jpahdJ tlkj;jpa khfhzk;> tl khfhzk;> fpof;F khfhzk;> tlNky; khfhzk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; tsUk; ePu;j;Njitfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;Ankd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; nkhuffe;j fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; ePu;g;ghrd ePu; toq;fyhdit ,e;j vjpu;ghu;g;ig G+u;j;jp nra;a Kbahky; Nghfyhk;. ,e;j epiyikf;F xU gjpw; nraw;ghlhf ePu;g;ghrd mikr;rhdJ kfhtyp tbepyj;jpNy xU ePu;tsq;fs; gad;gLj;Jif Ma;it Muk;gpj;jJ. ,e;j Ma;thdJ kfhtypapd; gy ngupa fpis Mwpd;

ePu;tsq;fshdit NCPCd; ,yf;F itf;fg;gl;l gFjpfSf;F ePu;g;ghrd ePiu toq;Ftij

NkYk; tpUj;jp nra;af; $baJ vd Ma;T ntspg;gLj;jpaJ. NWP, NCP kw;Wk; NP Nghd;w khfhzq;fSf;F mt;thwhd ePu; tsq;fis khw;wpaDg;Gtjw;fhd cau;e;jgl;r

topfisAk; ,e;j Ma;Tfs; ,zq;fz;ld. Nky; vynfu fhy;thahdJ NCPC

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; NCP kw;Wk; NP fspy; ,yf;F itf;fg;gl;l ePiu khw;wpaDg;Gtjw;F nghUshjhu uPjpapy; rpf;fdkhdJk; njhopy;El;g uPjpapy; ,aYikAkhdjhf kjpg;gplg;gl;l khw;W topfspy; xd;whf Nky; vynfu fhy;tha; mike;Js;sJ.


2

cU 1-1 jpl;l tupg;glk; - UEC kw;Wk; NWP fhy;tha;fspypUe;jhd ePu; tpepNahfk

cj;Njr Nky; vynfu fhy;thahdJ (UEC) 285 MCM ePiu fpUYntt> er;rJt kw;Wk; mEuhjGu efuj;jpw;F toq;Fk;. fpUYntt> er;rJt kw;Wk; mEuhjGu efuq;fSf;fhd

ePu;g;ghrd ePupd; 125 MCM jw;Nghijaf; Nfs;tpahdJ Nghtj;jd fht;tha; Clhf

toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. UEC MdJ fpUyntttpw;F Nghtj;jd fhy;thapypUe;J

tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk; ePu;g;ghrd ePiu kWgjpaPL nra;Ak;. ,jd; epkpj;jk; 100 MCM ePuhdJ

Nrkpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jid NWP fhy;thapw;F mDg;g KbAk;. ,JNt EIAd; Kf;fpa

tplakhFk;. . NWP fhy;thapDhlhf mDg;gg;gLk; ePupd; nkhj;j gupkhzkhdJ 130 MCM MFk; kw;Wk; ,jd; gw;whf;FiwahdJ ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;jhd ePupd; %yk; G+u;j;jp

nra;ag;gLfpwJ (30 MCM) .

2011y; ePu;g;ghrd mikr;R kw;Wk; ,yq;if kfhtyp mjpfhurigAk; (MASL) njJW Xah tbepyj;jpYs;s ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;Fk; rpW ePu;j;Njf;f Kiwikfshfpa

(njhFjpfSf;Fk;) NWPYs;s kP Xah tbepyj;jpd; ,ilj;jukl;l ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspw;Fk; ePiu

Existing canals Proposed canals Streams

WemedillaReservoir

Upper Elehara Canal

Maha Kitula Reservoir

Kalu Ganga

Sudu Ganga

Bowatenna Res.

NalandaOya

Bowatenna Res.

AmbanGanga

Moragahakanda

Welamitiya Oya

Dambulu

Dewahuwa Feeder

Canal

NCPCanalK M T Canal

NWPCanal

kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fk;

ehye;j Xah

nty;kpl;ba Xah

RJ fq;if

mk;gd; fq;if

jk;GY Xah

ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fk;

Nghtj;jd;d ePu;j;Njf;fk;

ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fk;

njtFt Cl;ly; fhy;tha;

NWP fhy;tha;

NCP fhy;tha; KMT fhy;tha;

Nky; vynfu fhy;tha;

fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fk

nkhuffe;j ePu;j;Njf;fk

jw;NghJs;s fhy;tha;fs;

cj;Njr fhy;tha;fs;

ePNuhilfs;


3

toq;Ftjw;fhf tlNky; khfhzf; fUj;jpl;lj;ij kPsikf;Fk; rhj;jpaj;ij gupNrhjpg;gjw;F xU Kd;rhj;jpats Ma;it Nkw;nfhz;lJ.

Kd;rhj;jpats Ma;tpd; fPohd ePu; kjpg;gPl;L tpgukhd Ma;thdJ er;rJt ntt kw;Wk;

mEuhjGu efuq;fSf;fhf jpirjpUg;gg;gLk; ePupd; msthdJ cj;Njr UECDhL

toq;fg;gLkhdhy; cj;Njr NWP gFjpfSf;fhf 100 MCM ePupid tUlhe;jk; kPs

xJf;fpf; nfhs;s KbAnkd Ma;T ntspg;gLj;jpaJ. 100 MCM ePuhdJ NWPw;F Nghtj;jd

epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; ntspf;fPo;g; gFjpapy; nydNlhuhtpy; Muk;gpf;Fk; cj;Njr jpirjpUg;Gif fhy;thapDhlhf khw;wg;glf; $baJ. ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpdJ mizf;fl;L

G+u;j;jpaile;jJk; ehye;j ePu;j; Njf;fj;jpypUe;J ,f;fhy;thapw;F Nkyjpfkhf 30 MCM ePiu

khw;wpf; nfhs;s KbAk; 1 . ,e;jsT ePuhdJ ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpDhlhf

khw;wpaikf;fg;gLk;. NWP w;F toq;ff;$ba nkhj;j ePupd; msthdJ mg;nghOJ 130

MCMMf ,Uf;Fk;.

cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; fhzpahdJ mjpfgl;r gapu;r;nrwpitf; Fiyf;Fk; ePu;g;gw;whf;Fiwia mDgtpg;gJld; ePu; tpepNahfj;jpd; ek;gfj;jd;ikiaAk;

Fog;GfpwJ. fpuhk ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ 0.9 w;F my;yJ 90%w;Fk;

Fiwthf cs;sJ. 2003y; kj;jpa nghUspay; MNyhridg; gzpafk; (CECB) kfhtyp

Mw;wpypUe;J jpir jpUg;gg;gLk; ePiu ff;tJd Xah tbepyk; kw;Wk; Nky; kP Xah tbepyk; vd;gtw;iw Nghtj;jd ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J jpirjpUg;Gtjw;fhd xU rhj;jpaj;ij

guPl;rpg;gjw;fhd Ma;it elhj;jpaJ. NCPCd; ,e;j Ma;itAk; Ke;jpa rhj;jpats

Ma;tpidAk; nfhz;L ePu;g;ghrd mikr;rhdJ cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; xU rhj;jpats mwpf;ifia 2011y; G+u;j;jpnra;jJ.

cj;Njr jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;thahdJ Nghtj;jd epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; ntspjpwg;Gf;F fPNo jk;GY Xahtpw;F FWf;Nf fl;lg;gltpUf;Fk; xU jpirjpUg;g mizf;fl;bypUe;J Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ,e;j jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;thahdJ ff;tJd Xah cg tbepyk; (njJW

Xahtpd; xU cgtbepyk;) NkYk; kP Xah tbepyk; 76.5 fpkP njhlUfpwJ. NWP

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ> ,uz;L ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; mjhtJ kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fk; (15 MCM) kw;Wk;

kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fk; (10 MCM) vd;gd ffy;y gNyfy;y ruzhyaj;jpy; fl;lg;gLk;. ,e;j

ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jpa ePuhdJ ff;tJd Xah cgtbepyk; kw;Wk; Nky; nkjptt tbepyj;jpw;F ntsptplg;gLfpwJ. (cU 1-2 Ig; ghu;f;Ff).

1 ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ jw;nghOJ cyftq;fpapd; epjpaPl;lf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; GdUj;jhudk; nra;tJld; 2014 brk;gupy; G+u;j;jpnra;a cj;Njrpf;fg;gLfpwJ.


4

cU 1-2 fUj;jpl;l cl;$Wfs; - fl;lk; I kw;Wk; II


5

1.2 cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,yf;FfSk; epahag;gLj;JiffSk;

Ma;tpd; ftdf; Ftpg;ghfpa NWP fhy;thahdJ kfhtyp Kiwikapy; jw;NghJ

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ePupid Nrkpg;gJld; NWPw;F ePiu jpirjpUg;Gtjw;F rhj;jpakhfTs;s

NCPCPd; xU ghfkhFk;. UEC fhy;thapd; epu;khzj;Jld; Nghtj;jd fhy;thapdhy;

jw;nghOJ toq;fy; nra;ag;gLk; rpy gFjpfs; Gjpa UEC fhy;thapypUe;J ePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;. ff;tJd Xah ePu;g;ghrd Kiwik kw;Wk; ff;tJd Xahtpy; cs;s fpuhk Fs Kiwikfs; kw;Wk; Nky; kP Xah Mw;W tbepyq;fs; vd;gd ePu;g; gw;whf;Fiw epkpj;jkhf ,aYikapd; fPNo nraw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,e;jf; fpuhkj;Jf;

Fsq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpr; ruhrupahdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 0.9Mf cs;sJ. MfNt ,g;gFjpapd; ePu; fpilf;ff;$ba jd;ikia mjpfupf;ff; $baj; NjitAs;sJ. ,J ,g;gFjp kf;fspd; ePz;lfhyj; Njitahf cs;sJ.

,e;j cgfUj;jpl;lkhdJ ngupa ,ilj;ju rpwpa ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; ePusTfis mjpfupf;fr; nra;J 12>000n`f;Nlau; fhzpapd; gapu;r;nra;ifia ,ayr; nra;tjw;Fk; ruhrup gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpia 1.2 ypUe;J 1.7Mf mjpfupg;gjw;F tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fpuhkf; Fsq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ 0.9Yk; Fiwthf ,Ug;gJld; 1.4 Mf cau;tila vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; cs;slf;FtjhtJ:

78.6 fpkP ePskhd khw;Wif fhy;thia epu;khzpj;jy;.

14.9 MCM ,aYikAld; kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij epu;khzpj;jy; kw;Wk; jpirjpUg;gg;gl;l gha;r;Rifia xOq;FgLj;jTk; kw;Wk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jTk;

kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij (10.7 MCM) kPsikj;jy;.

njtFth Cl;ly; fhy;thia GJg;gpj;jy;

kfhtyp Kiwikfshd IH kw;Wk; MHf;fhd jpirjpUg;gy;fs; Nky;vynfu fhy;thapypUe;J nra;ag;gl;lhy; khj;jpuNk G+u;t Ma;tpy; jpl;lkplg;gl;lthwhf jpirjpUg;gy; rhj;jpakhFnkd

NCP fhy;tha; Kd; rhj;jpats Ma;T mtjhdpf;fpwJ. cj;Njr NCP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk; njhlu;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l me;j Ma;tpd; fhuz fhupakhdJ ePupd; fLk;

gw;whf;Fiwia mDgtpf;Fk; NWPYs;s njJW Xah tbepyq;fs;> Nky; kP Xah> NPd;

njd;gFjp> NCPd; tlgFjpapYs;s ngupa ,ilj;ju rpwpa ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fspd; ePu;j; NjitfSf;F ePu; toq;fiyr; nra;tjhFk;.

cj;Njr NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd ,yf;Ffs;:

kfhtyp ePiu ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fk; kw;Wk; kP Xah tbepyj;jpYs;s eLj;ju kw;Wk; rpwpa ePu;j;Njf;f njhFjpfSf;Fk; jpirjpUg;gy;.

12>000 n`f;NlausT nfhz;l ,jw;F cl;gl;l gFjpfspy; ruhrupg; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpapid 1.2ypUe;J 1.7 Mf cau;j;Jjy;. (fpuhkf; Fsj;njhl;bfspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ vg;NghJk; 0.9Yk; FiwthFk;) kw;Wk;

nghy;gpjpfk gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpuptpd; FbePu;j; Njitfis toq;fy;.

khj;jis khtl;lj;jpd; nydNlhuhtpy; Nghtj;jd ePu;g;ghrd ePu;f;fPo;g; ghijapd; fpl;lj;jl;l 1 fpkP ePNuhl;lj;jpirapd; xU Gs;spapypUe;J cj;Njr jpUg;gy; Muk;gkhfpwJ.

xU vy;iyf; Nfhl;Lf; fhy;thahdJ ePupid NWPd; ePu;g;gw;whf;Fiwahd KiwikfSf;F

khw;wp mDg;Gk;. khw;wp mDg;Gk; fhy;thapw;F nry;Yk; topapy; ntkby;y kw;Wk; njtFt ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspwF ePu; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;. khw;Wk; fhy;thahdJ Fuzhfy; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;F nry;tJld;> kfhfpUy kfhfpJy ((Gzu;epu;khzk; nra;ag;gl;l) Nrkpg;gq;fshf flikahw;Wk;.


6

kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;F fz;zPiu khw;wp mikf;ff; $bathwhd ,aYikiaf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. jw;NghJ Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s ePuhdJ FUzhfiy khtl;lj;jpy; jw;nghOJs;s Gjpa ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; Nrkpf;fg;gLk; ePuhdJ ff;tJd Xah tbepyq;fspd; Fsq;fSf;Fk; Nky; kP Xah tbepyf; Fsq;fSf;Fk; ePu;g;ghrd kw;Wk; FbePu;j;Njitf; Nfs;tpfspd; gpufhuk; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;. cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ 7 gpuNjr nrayf gpuptpYs;s 393 fpuhk cj;jpNahf gpuptpd; 80>000 FLk;gq;fSf;F ed;ik mspf;Fk;.

gFjpapYs;s Fsq;fspd; Fiwe;j gapu;r; nra;if mlu;j;jpapd; epkpj;jkhf ,g;gFjpapYs;s kf;fSf;F epupd; Nkyjpf %yq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; ePz;lfhyj; Njitahf ,Ue;J te;jJ. fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapYs;s ngupa ePu;j;Njf;fkhfpa ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fk; cs;sJld; ,jd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ 2ypUe;J 1.5 Mf Fiwe;J tUk; tUlhe;j kiotPo;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf mz;ik tUlq;fspy; tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. cj;Njr jpirjpUg;gq;fspd; fPo; njtFt> ntkby;y kw;Wk; ff;tJd Xah ePu;g;ghrd jpl;lq;fspy; fpl;lj;jl;l 12>000 n`f;Nlau; epyg;gug;G ed;ik miltJld; gapu;r; nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 1.8-2.0 tiuf;Fk; rhjpf;fg;gLtJld; mgnfhyntt> ml;lufy;y> gYf;flnty> nkjpaht Nghd;w ngupa jpl;lq;fspy; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpia 1.8w;F rhjpj;Jf; nfhs;tJld; rpwpa ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fSk; fpl;lj;jl;l gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jp 1dhy; ed;ik mile;Js;sd. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; jstbtg; glj;jpw;F cU 2-3I ghu;f;Ff.

rpW Fsq;fspd; njhlu;r;rpapdJ gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ 0.9Mf cs;sJ. FUzhfy khtl;lj;jpYs;s ngupa kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ 1.04ypUe;J 1.5 tPr;Rilajhf cs;sJ. rpwpa ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpia 1.5w;F mjpfupg;gJld; ngupa kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpia 1.8 tiu mjpfupf;fr; nra;aTk; cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf

jpirjpUg;gg;gl;l ePuhdJ 3.5 MCM ePupid tUlhe;jk; FbePu;j; Njitf;fhf toq;FtJld;

ifj;njhopy; Njitf;fhfTk; gad;gLfpwJ. cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lkhdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 130 MCM

ePupid tUlhe;jk; kfhtyp tbepyj;jpypUe;J khw;W tbepy jpirjpUg;Gf; fhy;thapDhL nfhz;L nry;tJld; jpir jpUg;gg;gl;l ePuhdJ jw;NghJs;s ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy;

(,aYik 24.3 MCM) Nrkpf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; kfhfpJy (14.9 MCM) kw;Wk; kfhfpUy(10.7

MCM) y; kPs;Nrkpf;fg;gLk;. cgfUj;jpl;lkhdJ Nkyjpfkhf ePu;g;ghrd ePu; kw;Wk; FbePiu

mg;gFjpf;F toq;Fk;.

khw;W cgfUj;jpl;l Kd;nkhopTfshdit rhj;jpatsj;jpw;F Kd;ghd fl;lq;fspy; guprPypf;fg;gl;ld. njupTnra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;lkhdJ KjyPLfspypUe;J kpfTk; rhj;jpakhd Kd;nkhopthf ,Ug;gJld; Rw;whly; ePbj;J epiyf;Fk; jd;ikapd; Nehf;fpYk; kpfTk; rhj;jpak; tha;e;jjhf cs;sJ. cgfUj;jpl;lkhdJ NeubaahfTk; kiwKfkhfTk; 80>000 tPl;Lj;JiwapdUf;F ed;ik mspfFk;. cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpd; khw;wPl;L guprPypg;gpd; tpguq;fs; mj;jpahak; 2y; tpgupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Neub ed;ikfshdit njd;idg; gapu;r;nra;if> tpyq;F Ntshz;ik> rpW ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; fPOs;s capupd kw;Wk; kPd;gpb kw;Wk; tPl;Lg; ghtizf;fhd ePu;toq;fy; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J Nkyjpf tUkhdk; toq;fy; cl;gl tptrha cw;gj;jpfis mjpfupg;gJkhFk;. jw;nghOJ mNdfkhf vy;yh new;fhzpfSk; rpwpa ePu;j;Njf;fqfspd; fPo; xU Nghfkhfpa ngUk;Nghfj;jpy; (brk;gupypUe;J khu;r; tiu) gapu; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. Vnddpy; ePu; mUikahf cs;sJ. ,t; cgfUj;jpl;lk; G+u;j;jpnra;ag;gl;l

gpw;ghL fpuhk ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; rpWNghfj;jpd; nghOJ ney; kw;Wk; OFC cld; ePu;g;gha;r;rf;

$ba ,lq;fSf;F Mff;Fiwe;jJ 50% ePiu gapu;rnra;iff;fhf toq;Fk;. tPl;Lf; FbePu;f;

Foha; top toq;Ftjw;fhd ePu; %yj;jpd; mjpfupf;fg;gl;l fpilf;fg;ngWifahdJ gad;ngWk; tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij cau;j;Jk;.


7

cj;Njr jpir jpUg;gyhdJ 2025Mk; Mz;L Nfs;tpahf ,Uf;Fnkd;W Kd;dwpTr; nra;ag;gLk; 3.5 MCM tiuf;Fkhd tPl;Lf;FbePu; ifj;njhopy; Njitfis G+u;j;jpnra;af; $bajha; ,Uf;Fk;. nghUshjhu gFg;gha;thdJ fUj;jpl;l fhyg;gFjpahdJ 30 tUlq;fshf ,Uf;Fnkd kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. Gjpa ePu;g;ghrd nraw;ghLfs; Muk;gpg;gjw;F ml;ltizg;gLj;jg;gLtjpypUe;J ehd;F tUlq;fSf;Fs; ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk; Mwhk; tUlj;jpypUe;J epu;khz KjyPLfs; G+u;j;jpailtJld; tUlhe;j epfu tUkhdkhJ &. 2045 gpy;ypad; cau;e;jgl;r kl;lj;jpw;F cau;j;jg;gLk;. fUj;jpl;lkhdJ nghUshjhu cs;sfj; jpUk;gy; tpfpjkhf 15.9%.I nfhz;bUg;gjhy; nghUshjhu uPjpapy; ,aYikAilaJ vd nghUshjhu kw;Wk; epjpg; gFg;gha;T fhl;LfpwJ.

1.3 EIA mwpf;ifapd; ,yf;Ffs;

ePu;g;ghrd mikr;rhdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; rhj;jpats Ma;it elhj;jpaJ. cgfUj;jpl;lkhdj njhopy;El;guPjpapy; rhj;jpakhdJ vdTk; nghUshjhu uPjpapy; Mff;$baJ vdTk; Ma;T

fz;Lnfhz;lJ. Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;gPlhdJ (EIA) gpd;tUk; ,yf;Ffis rhjpj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ:

cj;Njr ,ilaPl;bdhy; Vw;glf;$ba Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fis ,zq;fz;L kjpg;gPL nra;jy;.

vjpu;T$Wk; jhf;fq;fis jtpu;g;gjw;F Fiwg;gjw;F gupfhuk; fhZtjw;F my;yJ <Lnra;tjw;F nghUj;jkhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfis rpghupR nra;jy;.

gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s ,ijnahj;j Vida fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; xd;W jpul;ba jhf;fq;fis vLj;Jf; fhl;Ljy;.

Rw;whly; fpuaj;ij kjpg;gpLtJld; mtw;wpid nghUshjhug; gFg;gha;T>

fpuaed;ikg; gFg;gha;T> IRR/ERRkjpg;gPL kw;Wk; $Wzu;Tg;gFg;gha;Tfspy; cs;slf;Fjy;.

epu;khzg; gFjpfspYs;s GijnghUspay; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kw;Wk; fiyeaKs;s ,lq;fis ,zq;fhZjy; kwWk; mtw;iw ghJfhj;jy; njhlu;ghd cj;Njr nghUj;jkhd eltbf;iffs;.

gFjpf;Nf cupj;jhd Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lk; (EMP) vd;gtw;iw cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fzprkhd xl;Lnkhj;j Rw;whly; ePbj;J epiyf;Fk; jd;ikia rhjpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;> fUj;jpl;l khw;wPLfs; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpl;lq;fis Nghjpaj; njupTfSld; gFjpf;Nf cupj;jhd Rw;whly; jpl;lq;fSld; toq;Fjy;.

mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l TOR d; gpufhuk; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpw;F VjhtJ khw;wPLfis gFg;gha;T nra;jy; kw;Wk; fye;JiuahLjy;.

2009y; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapdhy; mtu;fsJ fhg;gPl;L nfhs;if $w;wpd; gpufhuk; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Njitg;ghLfis $l;bizj;Jf; nfhz;L kj;jpa Rw;whly; mjpfhu

rigahy; toq;fg;gl;l TOR cld; xj;Jg; NghFk;gbahf EIA elhj;jg;gl;lJ (SPS, 2009).


8

1.4 EIA Kiwapay;

EIA MdJ kj;jpa Rw;whly; mjpfhu rigahy; mjd; Ma;Tfspd; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Njitg;ghLfSf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. tpNrbj;j Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wk; tprhuizfspd; tplaq;fisAk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba KiwfisAk; mJ Fwpj;jiuf;fpd;wJ. cupa

tprhuizfSf;Fg; nghWg;ghf ,Ue;j EIA FOtpduhy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l tpNrbj;j Kiwapaypd; tpguq;fis fPOs;s gpupT tpgukhfj; jUfpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; cupa cupa mj;jpahaq;fspy; Kiwapay;fs; Mdit NkYk; tpgukhf tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

1.4.1 ghl kPsha;T kw;Wk; glq;fs; jahupj;jy;

EIA Ma;Tfs; Vw;fdNt xj;j fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf (nkhuffe;j-fSfq;if fUj;jpl;lk;> ckh Xahf; fUj;jpl;lk;;> ntfunfy fUj;jpl;lk;> uk;Gf;fd Xah fUj;jpl;lk;> nkhunfhy;y fUj;jpl;lk; NkYk;gy) kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;ld. gpd;tUk; juTfs; kw;Wk; jfty;fs; cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gFjpfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; #oTs;s gFjpfs; mike;jjhf

Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld:

- ,lmiktpay; Njrg;glq;fs; 1:50,000 msTj;jpl;lk;, 1:10,000msTj;jpl;lk;

(fbdg;gpujpfs;)

- ,lmiktpay; Njrg;glq;fs; 1:50,000 msTj;jpl;lk;, 1:10,000 msTj;jpl;lk;

(vz;kKiwg; gpujpfs;)

- NkypUe;jhd Gifg;glq;fs; (1:40,000 kw;Wk; 1:10,000 msTj;jpl;lq;fs;)

- nra;kjp tpk;gq;fs; (Google, TM7)

- Gtpr;rupjtpay; glq;fs; (fbd kw;Wk; nkd; gpujpfs;) (1:100,000 kw;Wk; 1:50,000

msTj;jpl;lk; ) Gtpr;rupjtpay; kw;Wk; Ruq;ftpay;g; gzpafj;;jpypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

- NWPCPw;fhf njhopy;El;g Kd;nkhopit cUthf;Ftjw;F 1:10,000 ypUe;J 1:1,000 msTj;jpl;l glq;fs;

- cgfUj;jpl;lg; gFjp kw;Wk; mjd; #oTs;s gFjpfs; kPjhd Gtpr;rupjtpay; mwpf;iffs;

- Jisaplg;gl;l Jisj; juT (NWP fhy;tha; mYtyfj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ)

- ePuKf;fg; gupNrhjpg;G Kf;fpa khjpupfs; kw;Wk; Gtpr;rupjtpay; epWj;jj;jpd; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs;

- Jisaplg;gl;l Jthuq;fspy; gupNrhjpg;G kw;Wk; epak CLWty; (SPT)

- gupNrhjidf; fplq;fpypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l kz; khjpupfspd; gupNrhjpg;G tpisTfs;

tlkj;jpa khfhz fhy;tha;f; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; rhj;jpats Ma;T mwpf;if kw;Wk; tlNky; khfhz fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;l rhj;jpats mwpf;if vd;gd kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;lJld;

mj;jpahtrpakhd jfty;fs; EIA mwpf;ifj; jahupg;gpd; NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.


9

1.4.2 njhopy;El;g mZFKiwAk; KiwapaYk; njhopy;El;g FOf;fshy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l njhopy;El;g mZFKiw kw;Wk;

Kiwikapayhdit gpd;tUkhW:

EIA Ma;Tf; FohkhdJ fUj;jpl;l vz;zf;fUf;fs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; ,yf;Ffspid Ma;T nra;jJld; rhj;jpats mwpf;ifia jahupj;j MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fs kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrd mikr;R cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; vd;NghUld; fye;JiuahbaJ.

ePu;g;gz;gpay; kw;Wk; tspkz;lytpay; juTfs; kw;Wk; glq;fs; cupa epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; fs Ma;Tf;F Kd;ghf Ma;Tf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

EIA Ma;Tf; FohkhdJ fUj;jpl;l gpuNjrq;fSf;Fk; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpfSf;Fk; tp[ak; Nkw;nfhz;lJ.

mizf;fl;Lg;gFjpfs; (kfhfpJy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy) kw;Wk; fhy;tha; miktplq;fs;

Nghd;w fUj;jpl;l jhf;fg; gFjpfs; GIS njhopy;El;gj;ij gad;gLj;jp ,zq;fhzg;gl;ld.

ypNahnghy;l; kl;upf;]; Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp Kf;fpakhf jhf;fq;fs; tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jg;gl;L kjpg;gplg;gl;L tupirg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

fpuaj;jhf;f kw;Wk; r%f uPjpapy;; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l Kiwapay;fisg; gad;gLj;jp jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; cghak; nra;ag;gl;ld.

tptukhd EMP MdJ EIA mwpf;ifapd; xU ghfkhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ.

fz;fhzpg;G ,ilntspfs; kw;Wk; nghWg;ghd miktplq;fs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fis Rl;bf; fhl;Ltjw;fhf xU fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpl;lKk; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ.

jhf;fj; jzpg;G kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;gpd; nrytpdq;fs; kjpg;gplg;gl;lJ.

50 tUl jpUg;fp ngWk; fhyg;gFjpAldhd fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tp];jupf;fg;gl;l nghUshjhug; gFg;gha;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%fj;jhf;fq;fs; ,zq;fhzg;gl;ld.

jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; fz;fhzpg;gpd; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; nray;j;jpwd; Fwpj;J cupa epWtdq;fSf;F mwptpg;gjw;fhf mwpf;ifaply; nrad;Kiwfs;

kw;Wk; gpd;Dhl;ly;fs; nghwpKiwfs; vd;gd EIA y; cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

1.4.3 kjpg;gPl;L Kiwapay; Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%f ,lu;fs; jhf;fq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpdj kjpg;gPl;bd; mbg;gil KiwahdJ ypNahNghy; kl;upf;]; Kiwiaf; nfhz;L ,jw;nfd Mf;fg;gl;lJ. jhf;fq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fs; tbfl;lg;gLk; nghOJ mitfs; NkYk; kjpg;gplg;gl;ld.

EIA Ma;Tf; FOthdJ CEA My; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Rw;whly; epakq;fis ngsjPf kw;Wk; capu;El;gtpay; Rw;whly; kPjhd cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpd; jhf;fq;fis kjpg;gpLtjw;F mbg;gilahf gad;gLj;jpaJ.

A. capupay; thoikT (tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; jhtuq;fs;)

jhf;fq;fis kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf tho;tplq;fs;/ jhtuq;fspd; guk;gy; kPjhd Ma;T kw;Wk; jzpg;G nraw;ghLfis Kd;itg;gjw;fhditfs; kw;Wk; Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rpj;

jpl;lk; (CEAMy; toq;fg;gl;l TORd; gpupTfs; 3.2, 4, 5 kw;Wk; 9) ngupa tho;tplq;fs; jhtu cUthf;fq;fs; rdj;njhif kw;Wk; jhtu r%fq;fs; (jiu kw;Wk; ePu;) Nghd;w cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpYk; cgfUj;jpl;lj;ijr; #oTk; cs;s gFjpfspypUe;jhditfis ,zq;fhZtjw;Fk; tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; jhtuq;fspy; Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fq;fis kjpg;gplf; $baJkhd xU Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,t;


10

Ma;thdJ xU tpNrbj;j miktplj;jpw;F; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfshy; Neubahfg;

ghjpf;fg;gLk; cldbahd #oikTfSf;Fk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ (cjhuzkhf ,uz;L cj;Njr mizf;fl;Lfs; kw;Wk; kfhfpJy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ntt> 700 kP Ruq;fg;ghij> ePu;g;ghrdf; fhy;tha;fs; kw;Wk; ffy;y-gy;Nyfy tdg;ghJfhg;gplq;fspd; cj;Njr Rw;whly; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;). cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Neubj;jhf;fq;fs; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ,lq;fspYk; ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhd xU tho;tplk; kw;Wk; jhtuq;fspy; fUj;Jf; fzpg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;lJ. (cjhuzk;. fw;Fopfs;> Njitaw;wij nfhl;Lkplq;fs;> Ntiy Kfhk;fs;> jw;fhypf nrd;W tUiff;fhd tPjpfs;)

cgfUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; jhtuq;fs; ,Ug;gjw;fhd vt;tpj

gjpTk; ,y;yhikapdhy; EIA Ma;Tf; FOthdJ tpQ;Qhd fs khjpup Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp gupNrhjpj;jJ. mtu;fspdJ fhyepiytyak;> Gtpr;rupjtpay; gFjpfs;> kz; mikg;Gf;fs;> kw;Wk; tpNrbj;j Fwpj;Jiuj;j gFjpf;fSf;fhd Ez;fhyepiy vd;gtw;wpd; gpufhuk; NtWgl;l tho;tplq;fspy; jhtuq;fs; NtWgl;bUe;jJ.

cgfUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapd; fhzg;gl;l vy;yhj; jhtu tiffSk; jhtuf; gy;tifj; jd;ikia kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf ele;j nry;Yk; eltbf;if %yk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhfg; gy FWf;F ntl;Lfshdit gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; tho;tplq;fspy; Fwpf;fg;gl;lJld; jhtuq;fspd; njhif kw;Wk; jhtu rdr%f vz;zpf;ifiaf;

Fwpg;gpLtjw;fhf 5x100 kP Jz;Lfs;/ rJuq;fs; Fwpf;fg;gl;ld. fhzpg;ghtiz Njrg;glq;fs;

(1:50,000 my;yJ 1:10,000) EIA Ma;Tf;fhd mbg;gil Njrg;glq;fshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

xU FWf;Fntl;bd; (100 kP x 5 kP) xt;nthU rJuj;Jf;Fs;shfTk; (10 kP x 5 kP) mbg;gilapy; Jz;L Jz;lhf Foha;j; jhtu tiffs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd. kjpg;gplg;gl;l cauj;jpd;

vz;zpf;if (nfhbfisj; jtpu) kw;Wk; DBH (neQ;rsT cauj;jpy; tpl;lk;) 5 nrkP DBHI tpQ;rpaitfSk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. cgfUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfSf;fhf kuq;fspid ntl;b

tPo;j;Jjy; Njitg;gLkhapd; jhtutiffspd; epuy; kw;Wk; mitfspd; tpl;lk; (DBH>30 nrkP) jahupf;fg;gl;lJ. xt;nthU rjuj;Jz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapyhd %ypifj;jhtu tiffs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJld; jdpahdit fzf;nfLf;fg;gltpy;iy. FWf;Fj; Jz;LfSf;F ,ilNa vjpu;nfhs;sg;gl;l Nkyjpf jhtu tiffSk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpf;Fs; vjpu;nfhs;sg;gl;l Nkyjpf jhtu tiffSk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld.

jhtutiffspd; ghJfhg;g epiyahdJ ,yq;ifapd; rptg;G epuy; (2012) d; gpufhuk; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ. jhtuj;jpd; FLk;gk;> jhtutifapd; ngau;> jhtuj;jpd; cs;Su;g; ngau;> tho;f;iftbtk;> mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupa epiy> RNjrk;> mwpKg;gLj;jg;gl;lik kw;Wk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; epiy (mr;RWj;jg;gl;lJ> Mgj;jpw;Fs;shdJ NkYk; gy) vd;gd cj;Njr cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpd; vy;yh tho;tplq;fspYk; fhzg;gl;l capupdq;fspd; tk;rq;fs; njhFf;fg;gl;ld.

gpuRupf;fg;gl;l tpguzq;fs; kw;Wk; Kf;fpakhditfisg; gad;gLj;jp milahsq; fhzg;gl;l jhtu tiffSk; jprehfaf;f kw;Wk; Ngh];Ngf; ,yq;ifj; jhtuq;fSf;fhd

ifEhy; (1980 - 1991), jprehaf;f et al. (1994 - 1995), jrehaf;f kw;Wk; fpNyld; (1996 - 1999)

kw;Wk; Nrduj;d (2001) vd;Nghuhy; toq;fg;gl;l Kf;fpa mNj ,lj;jpw;FupaitfSk; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld. tho;tplq;fs;> rdj;njhif> tho;tpl rdr%fq;fs; tpNrlkhf rhfpatpay; $Wzu;T tho;tplq;fs; mNj ,lj;jpw;Fupad kw;Wk; mr;RWj;jg;gl;l jhtu

tiffs; (fLk;Mgj;jpw;Fs;shdit (CR), Mgj;jpw;Fs;shdit (EN) kw;Wk; jhf;fg;glf;$bait

(VU)) vd;gd Ma;T nra;ag;gl;lJld; jzpg;Gr; nraw;ghlfSk; Kd;nkhopag;gl;lJ.


11

B. Ruq;f Ma;tpw;fhd Kiwapay;

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; jd;ik> nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfs; njhlu;ghf ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jplkpUe;J jfty;fs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk; fUj;jpl;lk; njhlu;ghf fpilf;ff; $baj; jfty;fs; kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;ld. fUj;jpl;l gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;l tpyq;Ffs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fs; gpuRuq;fspypUe;Jk; fs tprhuizfspypUe;Jk; Nrfupf;fg;gl;lJ. cgfUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; fpilf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk; tpyq;Ffspd; epunyhd;W gpd;tUk; Kiwapaiyf; nfhz;L njhFf;fg;gl;lJ.

capupayhsu;fshy; tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gl;l tho;tpl tiffspd; mbg;gilapy; cgfUj;jpl;lg; gFjpahdJ khjpup myFfshy; gpupf;fg;gLtJld; nts;sg;ngUf;Fg; gFjp ePu;j;Njf;fg; gFjp fUj;jpl;l epu;khzj;Njitf;fhf ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l gFjp fhy;tha;j; jply; gbf;fl;Lf;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; gFjp Nghd;w NtWgl;l fUj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghLfshtd ,zq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd. njupT nra;ag;gl;l xt;nthU khjpup myFlDk; khjpupg;gLj;jyhdJ epak El;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Neu;Nfhl;L FWf;Fntl;L KiwahdJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd Kiwahf cs;sJ. gwitfs;> tz;zhj;Jg; G+r;rpfs;> ngupa KiyA+l;bfs; Nghd;w elkhLk; capu;tiffis khjpupg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,J gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. xt;nthU Neu; FWf;Fntl;Lk; cau;e;j gl;r rhj;jpakhfTs;s #oikT jw;Nghija Rw;whlypd; rha;tpidg; gbg;gjw;fhd xU tifapy;

xt;nthU khjpup myFlDk; tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. xU ifapy; itj;jpUf;Fk; GPSIg; gad;gLj;jp xt;nthU FWf;Fntl;L NfhLk; Gtpapay; epiyAld; ,izj;Jg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. $Lfs;> vr;rq;fs;> ghjr;RtLfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; Neub mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; rupghu;f;ff;$ba kiwKf mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; miog;Gf;fs; vd;gd gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. Neubahd mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; Kbe;j ,lq;fspy; mt;thwhdtw;wpd; milahsj;Jtk; kw;Wk; vz;zpf;if vd;gd ghjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. <&lf capupfs;> Cu;tdf;fs; Nghd;w Fiwe;j efu;jpwd; cila capupd tiffSf;fhf ehw;Nfhz khjpup

Kiwg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. tpyq;Ffs; jg;Gtijj; jLg;gjw;fhf 8 kP x 8 kP Md xU rJukhdJ Fwpf;fg;gl;L gpsh];bf; Jz;Lfshy; milf;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;G mr;rJuj;jpw;F cl;gl;l gFjpahdJ gupNrhjpf;fg;gl;lJld; mq;Fs;s capupd tiffs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; mlu;j;jp vd;gd gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJ. xt;nthU khjpupr; rJuj;jpw;Fk; gpw;ghL mitfs; Gtpapay; epiyfSld; ,izj;Jg; ghu;f;fg;gl;ld.

D’mg;Nuuh(1998), nghd;Nrf (1998), ngj;jpahnfhl (1991), Jl;l kw;Wk; kdnkd;u-Muhr;rp,

(1996), b rpy;th (1996); ngj;jpanfhl kw;Wk; kdnkd;u-Muhr;rp, (1998), ,d;rpf;g; et al (1996),

kw;Wk; nfhgl; md;l; fpy; (1992) vd;Nghupd; tpjkhf kpUf tifg;gLj;Jif mtw;wpid mioj;jy;> mNj ,lj;jpw;F khj;jpuKupa jd;ik kw;Wk; cs;Su;g; ngau;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

tPr;R tiyfs;> Ez;nfhOtpapy; ,Of;Fk; tiyfs;> iftiyfs; kw;Wk; fuz;b tiyfs; Nghd;w NtWgl;l khjpupg;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ePuf capupdq;fs; Ma;T nra;ag;gl;ld. xspj;jpUf;Fk; capupdq;fis ntspf;nfhzUtjw;fhf Jhz;by; czTfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. NkYk; cgfUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; gpurd;dkhfTs;s NtWgl;l kPDapupd tiffs; njhlu;G rhuhj; jfty;fisr; Nrfupg;gjw;fhf mt;tplj;jpYs;s kPdtu;fSld; Neu;fzy;fSk; elhj;jg;gl;bUe;jd. cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpd; jhf;fKWg; gFjpapy; jw;nghOj ,lk;ngWk; kPd;gpb gof;fq;fs;> kPd;gpb tsq;fs; kPjhd mbg;gilj; juTfshtd Nfl;ff;$bajha; cs;s Gj;jfg; ghlq;fs;> Gj;jfq;fs;> fs mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; kPd;gpbf;fhf mt;tplj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jk; kPdtu;fspd; kPd;gpbfisg; gupNrhjpj;jy;> mtu;fSldhd Neu;fhzy;fs; vd;gd Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ePu;tho; <&lf capupfs;> Cu;tdf;fs; vd;gd Neub mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; %yk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. <&lf capu;fs; toikahf ePupd; Nky;g; gilapy; tho;tJld; fiuf;Fk; mz;ikapYk; tho;tjhy; mjd; epkpj;jkhf ePu;epiyfspd; tpspk;gpypUe;J Rygkhf ,zq;fhz KbfpwJ. ePufg; gwitfSk; fiuf;Nfhl;NlhL FWf;F itf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; Neu;f;Nfhl;L FWf;Fntl;L khjpupiag; gad;gLj;jpaJld; mitfis gjpT nra;jy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. Neub mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; kiwKf mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; midj;Jk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld.


12

Vw;fdNt mike;Js;s tho;tplq;fspd; kPjhd fUj;jha;T

Ma;Tg; gFjpapYs;s ,aw;if tho;tplq;fspd; NtWgl;l tiffs; rhfpatpayhsu;fshy; (tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; jhtuq;fs;) tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l tifg;gLj;jypd; gpufhuk; gpupTgLj;jp Muhag;gl;lJ.

fhg;G kw;Wk; capupdtifg; gpupit jPu;khdpj;jy;:

capupd tiffspd; epiyg;ghJfhg;ghdJ ,yq;ifapd; rptg;G epuy; (2012) d; gpufhuk; jPu;khdpf;fg;gLfpwJ. xNu ,lj;jpw;Fupa jd;ik kw;Wk; tu;j;jf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;gd ,t;tif capupdq;fspd; gpuRupf;fg;gl;l jfty;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jpu;khdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

C. kdpjf; FbapUj;jypd; r%f mk;rq;fspw;fhd Ma;tpd; Kiwapay;

cgfUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; r%fg; nghUshjhuj; jfty;fisr; Nrfupg;gjw;fhf xU r%ftpay; Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Ma;tpd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhdJ rdr%fq;fs; kPjhd VjhtJ ghjfkhd fUj;jpl;lj; jhf;fq;fs; ,Uf;Fkhapd; mtw;iw ,zq;fz;L nfhs;tJld; fUj;jpl;l mKy;g;gLj;jy; gzpahs;j; njhFjpapdupd; njhopy;g; ghJfhg;G cl;gl mt;tz;zkhd jhf;fq;fis jtpu;g;gjw;F my;yJ Mff; Fiwe;jsthf;Ftjw;F Vw;ghLfis Kd;itg;gjhFk;. topfhl;Ljypd; tPr;nry;iyi mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L r%ftpay; Ma;Tg; gFjpahdJ cj;Njr fhy;tha;j; jl;Lf;fSf;F khj;jpuk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

fhy;tha;j; jl;Lf;fspd; tbtikg;gpd; nghOJ tPLfisj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhd vy;yh Kaw;rpfSk; vLf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. fhy;thapw;fhf njupT nra;ag;gl;l gFjpahdJ fhy;thapw;fhd Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%fj; jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf gy topfspy; kPsikf;fg;gl;lJ, fhy;tha;j; jplypd; ,e;j tpjkhd rPirfs; fhuzkhf fhzpg;gFjp kw;Wk; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; tPLfspd; vz;zpf;if vd;gd fzprkhd msT Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ. 2014 kPs;FbNaw;w rdj;njhif fzpg;gPl;bd; gpufhuk; ,t;tplj;jpypUe;J ngsjPf uPjpahf ,lk;ngaUk; tPLfspd; vz;zpf;if 8 fpuhk Nrtfu; gpupTfspYk; nkhj;jkhf 28 tPLfshFk;. mjDld; nghUshjhu uPjpahf ,lk;ngau;e;j tPl;Lj; Jiwapdupd; vz;zpf;if 70 Mf ,Uf;Fk;. fhy;tha; epyj;js tbtikg;gp;d;nghOJ tPLfisj; jtpu;g;gjw;F vy;yh Kaw;rpfSk; vLf;fg;gl;lJ. fhy;tha; epyj;jskhdJ Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%fj; jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf gy jlitfs; kPs;ghu;it nra;ag;gl;lJ. fhy;tha; epyg;gFjpf;fhd ,e;j rupnra;iffspd; fhuzkhf fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gltpUe;j gy tPLfs; fzprkhf FbNaw;wg;gl;ld. 2014 kPs; Fbj;njhif kjpg;gPl;bd; gpufhuk; 8 fpuhkNrtfu; gpupTfSf;Fs; thOk; ngsjPf uPjpahy; ,lk;ngaUk; tPLfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if 22 MFk;. mj;Jld; nghUshjhu uPjpahf ,lk;ngaUk; 70 tPLfSk; Nru;f;fg;gl;ld. mtu;fsJ nghUshjhu uPjpahd ,lk;ngau;thdJ gFjpahdjhFk;. Vnddpy; mtu;fsJ fhzpapd; xU Jz;L khj;jpuk; xt;nthU fhzpapypue;Jk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,e;jf; fhzpfshdit nkhj;j fhzpapy; 10% ,Yk; FiwthdjhFk;. fpuhkkl;l murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;ju;fshfpa fpuhkNrtfupd; MNyhridAld; vspa Ma;Tfs; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;lJld; mgptpUj;jp cjtpahsu;fshy; Neu;fhzg;gl;L FOf;fs; ,dk;fhzg;gl;ld. 280 tPl;Lj;Jiwapdu; Neu;fhzy; nra;ag;gl;lJld; mtu;fsJ

fUj;Jf;fs; EIA apy; $l;bizf;fg;gl;ld. ,uz;lhk; epiyj; jfty;fs; gpuNjr nrayfq;fs;> ePu;g;ghrd mYtyfq;fs;> tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;G mYtyfq;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; ,Ue;J Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld. ,uz;lhk; epiyj; juTfs; mNefkhf rdj;njhif Gs;sptpguq;fs;> ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;af;$ba gFjpfs;> tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;G tpguq;fs; vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;bUe;jd. fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l Ml;fSldhd fye;jhNyhrid nghWg;ngLf;fg;gl;ld. tpNrl ftdkhdJ jhk; tpl;Lr;nry;Yk; nrhj;Jf;fSf;F el;l<l;Lf; nfhLg;gdT epahakhdJ


13

fpilf;Fk; epiyapYk;;> mz;bAs;s gFjpfspy; nghUj;jkhd fhzpfs; xJf;fpj;jUk; epge;jidapYk; jkJ ,lq;fis tpl;Lr; nry;tjw;fhd jkJ ,zf;fj;ij FLk;gq;fs; ntspg;gLj;jpa jfty;fs; tpgukhf Nrfupg;gjw;F fs jfty; Ma;tpy; tpNrl ftdk; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. rpW FOf; fye;Jiuahly;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf cupa fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspdhy; jk;Gs;s> fNyty> nghy;gpj;jpfk kfht gpuNjr nrayfq;fspd; gpuNjr nrayhsu;fs; jiyikapy; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjr nrayfq;fSf;fhf FOf; fye;Jiuahly;fs; ,lk;ngw;wd. ,e;jf; fye;Jiuahly;fspy; ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fs cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;> nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;> mg;gpuNjr nrayfq;fSf;Fs; tUk; fpuhkNrtfu;fs;> kfhtyp MNyhridg; gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; fye;Jnfhz;bUe;jdu;. Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; gpujpepjpfSk; gd;dkpw;wah kw;Wk; nydNlhuh njw;F fpuhkNrtfu; gpupTfspy; ,lk;ngw;w rpWf;FOf; fye;Jiuahly;fspYk; gq;Fgw;wpapUe;jdu;. ,e;jf; $l;lq;fspd; Gifg;glr; rhd;wpjo; kw;Wk;

gq;Fgw;wpNahupd; ngau;jhs;fs; vd;gd gpd;dpizg;G VI-III y; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

D Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fisj; jzpj;jYk; fz;fhzpj;jYk;

fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; mt;thwhd nraw;ghLfshy; ghjp;f;fg;gLk; ,aw;if rhfpatpay; Fzhk;rq;fs; kPJ jahupf;fg;gl;l juTfs; vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tsq;fypd; jhf;fg;gL jd;ik> tsq;fs; kPjhd nraw;ghLfspd; nry;thf;F kl;lk;> mjd; njhif> Nrjq;fs; Vw;glf;$ba fhyg;gFjp> vd;gdtw;wpy; ftdk; nrYj;jp jhf;f mstpl;L Kiw tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ. cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzk; kw;Wk; eltbf;if fl;lq;fspy; mg;gFjpapYk; mg;gFjpf;F ntspapYk; Vw;glf; $ba jhf;fq;fs; kPjhd xU gFg;gha;Tk; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ.

cj;Njr ePu;ts fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzk; kw;Wk; eltbf;if fl;lq;fspy; nghOJ vof;$ba ,lu; Vw;gLiff;F ,aw;if rhfpay; Kiwik xt;nthd;wpdJk; $Wzu;Tj; jpwd; kw;Wk; jhf;fg;gL jpwid kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf xU ,lu; kjpg;g;PL Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,lu; kjpg;gPl;bid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L xU Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jtj; jpl;lk; ,zq;fhzg;gl;l kw;Wk; fzprkhdj; jhf;fq;fisj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf my;yJ Fiwg;gjw;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk; xU khw;Wj; jpl;lkhdJ tpgj;Jf;fspd; rhfpatpay;j; jd;ikia kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf my;yJ fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ. nraw;ghl;Lf; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpl;lkhdJ xt;nthU Rw;nwy;iyf;Fk; rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l fz;fhzpg;G ,ilntspfSf;Fk; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; Rl;bf;fhl;bfSld; xu tuTnruTj; jpl;lKk; jhupf;fg;gl;lJ

1.5 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nfhs;if kw;Wk; epu;thfr; rl;lfNtiy

nfhs;ifr; #oikT

ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;ag;gl;l tptrha mgptpUj;jpahdJ ,yq;iff;fhd vjpu;fhy Nehf;F k`pe;j rpe;jidapy; gy ePu;g;ghrj; jpl;l nrayhw;WifahdJ fle;j rpy tUlq;fshf mtw;wpd; thapiyr; nrd;wile;J tpltpy;iy vd [dhjpgjp kPsmOj;jp ciuj;J ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy; ePu;g;ghrd mgptpUj;jpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. MfNt mNdfkhd jpl;lq;fspd; KjyPLfspd; tpisTfshdit jho;kl;lj;jpYk; nghUj;jkw;wjhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. fpilf;ff; $ba Kiwikfspd; nraw;gLifia Kd;Ndw;WtjhdJ xU czug;gl;l Njitahf khwpAs;sJ. ,jidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L ePu;g;ghrdj; Jiwapd; vjpu;fhykhdJ Gjpa ePu;%yq;fs; fpilf;f $bajhf ,Ug;gij mjpfupg;gjdhy; tptrha cw;gj;jpj; jpwid Cf;Ftpf;Fk; xU topia mikg;gjhfTk; jw;NghJs;s ePu;g;ghtiz kl;lj;jpid mjpfupg;gjhAk; cr;rkl;lj;jpw;F tpidj;jpwid khw;WtjhfTk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

murhq;ff; nfhs;ifapd; gpufhuk; ehl;bd; ePu;g;ghrd ,aYikia ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs; Kd;Dupik ngWfpd;wd. rpy vz;zpf;ifahd Gjpa fUj;jpl;lq;fs; tptrhaj;jpw;F ePu; toq;fg; nghWg;ngLg;gJld; tptrhaj;jpw;Fk; Vida


14

ePu;g;ghtizfSf;Fk; ePiu toq;fg; nghWg;ngLf;fg;gLk;. mitfSs; [pd;/epy;tsit

jpirjpUg;gy; fUj;jpl;lk;> Kiwik B (kJu Xah) RB mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk;> ky;tj;J

Xah jpirjpUg;gy; fUj;jpl;lk;> L Kiwik (ntyp Xah) mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk;

NCP fhy;tha; epu;khzk; vd;gtw;wpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lq;fshdit ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F rkhe;jukhfg; nghWg;ngLf;fg;gLk; vd;gJld; 2018y; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

fhzpr; RtPfupg;G kw;Wk; tpUg;gj;jpw;F khwhd kPs;FbNaw;wk; njhlu;ghd nfhs;if

1950 Mk; Mz;L 9Mk; ,yf;f fhzpr; RtPfupg;Gr; rl;lkhdJ ,yq;ifapy; mur ghtizf;fhf fhzpr; RtPfupg;gJ njhlu;ghf MSfpwJ. toikahfr; nra;ag;gLtJ

Nghd;W vy;yhj; Njrpa mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSk NWP ePu;j; jpir jpUg;gy; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fhzpr; RtPfupg;GfSk; 1950Mk; Mz;L fhzpr; RtPfupg;Gr; rl;lk; kw;Wk;

mtw;wpd; jpUj;jq;fs; (LAA) vd;gtw;wpd; rl;lf NtiyfSf;Fs;shfr; nra;ag;gLk;. LAA d; gpufhuk; el;l<lhdJ nrhj;jpd; re;ijg; ngWkjpia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jPu;khdpf;fg;gLfpwJ. nrhj;jpd; miktplk; gad;ghL Mfpatw;wpd; jw;Nghija epiyapid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L nrhj;jpd; ngWkhdk; jq;fpapUg;gJld; jw;Nghija re;ij tpiyfspYk; mJ jq;fpAs;sJ. ,J xU tpNrbj;j Jiwahf ,Ug;gjdhYk; murhq;f ngWkjp kjpg;Gj; jpizf;fsk; RtPfupf;fg;gLk; fhzpapd; re;ijg; ngWkjpiaj; jPu;khdpf;Fk; nghWg;igf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

2009y; (1596/12) Gjpa fhzpr; RtPfupg;G xOq;F tpjpfs; el;l <lhdJ re;ijg; ngWkhdk; mj;Jld; cupatUf;fhd ngWkhdk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; mstplg;gl Ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;fhf xOq;F tpjpfis tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld. LAAy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tpjpfspd; gpufhuk;

fhzpr;RtPfupg;G kw;Wk; el;l<Lfs; vd;gd nra;ag;gl;l nghOjpYk; LAAy; kPs;FbNaw;wk;

nrad;Kiw njhlu;ghf vJTk; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy.

tpUg;gkpy;yhj kPs;FbNaw;wj;jpw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; ,y;yhikapd; gpd;tpisTfis ftdj;jpnyLj;J mikr;ruit mikr;ru;fs; 2000k; Mz;by; Njrpa tpUg;gw;w kPs;FbNaw;wf; nfhs;ifiaf; ifnfhz;lJ. ,t;tz;zkhf ,yq;ifr; rl;lj;jpy; ,lg;ngau;T ngWkjpapd;

mwpag;glhj vz;zf;fU xd;iw mwpKfk; nra;jJ. NIRPd; ,yf;fhdJ fhzpr; RtPfupg;gpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;F $batputpy; KbAkhd tiuapy; tpidj;jpwdhd Kiwapy; kPs;FbNaWtjw;F cjTtJk; RtPfupg;Gr; nrad;Kiwapdhy; Vw;gLk; tWikailjiyj; jtpu;g;gjw;F cjTtJkhFk;. ,f;nfhs;ifahdJ mKy;g;gLj;jy; Kftu;fsplk; vy;yh fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; ngUk; Ml;fspd; ,lk;ngau;T tpguq;fspid rku;g;gpf;FkhWk; khw;wpf; nfhLf;Fk; ngWkhdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; el;l<Lfis nrYj;Jtjw;F fUj;jpl;l mjpfhupfis Ntz;bAk; epwfpd;wJ.

NIRP MdJ fl;lha fhzpr; RtPfupg;gpd; tpisthf tWik epiy Vw;glf;$lhJ vd;gijf; Fwpg;ghf vLj;Jf; $WtJld; cupa Mtzq;fSldhd cupj;Jf;fis cilNahu; ePjpahdJk; epahakhdJkhd elhj;Jifiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,f;nfhs;ifahdJ fhzp kw;Wk; fhzp mgptpUj;jp mikr;R kj;jpa Rw;whly; mjpfhu rig fUj;jpl;l mKy;g;gLj;jy; Kftu; vd;NghUf;F tpNrbj;j nghWg;G tiffis tFj;J toq;FfpwJ. fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf fhzpfis RtPfupj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; epiwNtw;W

Kftuhdtu; LAA, NIRP 2009 LAA xOq;Ftpjpfs; vd;gtw;wpidg; gpuNahfpg;gu;.


15

rl;lr;#oikT

mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; r%f Rw;whly; nghUshjhug; guprPypg;Gf;fspy; nghJ kw;Wk; tpNrbj;j tplaq;fspy; gy rl;l kw;Wk; xOq;FgLj;Jif fUtpfs; ,yq;ifapy; cs;sd. ,tw;wpNy 1978Mk; Mz;L ,yq;if [dehaf Nrhryprf; FbauR kw;Wk; fhyj;Jf;F fhyk; murhq;fj;jhy; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l xU rpy rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; xOq;F tpjpfs; vd;gd cs;sd. cj;Njr NWP fhy;tha;f; fUj;jpl;lj;Jld; Fwpg;ghd tifapy; njhlu;Gila rl;lq;fSk; xOq;FtpjpfSk; gpd;tUtd;

1979Mk; Mz;L 23Mk; ,yf;f ,yq;if kfhtyp mjpfhu rig rl;lk; 1951 Mk; Mz;L 25Mk; ,yf;f kw;Wk; 1953 Mk; Mz;L 29Mk; ,yf;f kw;Wk;

1996 Mk; Mz;L 24Mk; ,yf;f rl;lj;jpDhL jpUj;jg;gl;lthwhd kz;ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk;

1946 Mk; Mz;L 32Mk; ,yf;f ePu;g;ghrd fl;lisr; rl;lk;, 1951 Mk; Mz;L

1Mk; ,yf;fr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; 1968 Mk; Mz;L 48Mk; ,yf;f, 1973 Mk; Mz;L

37Mk; ,yf;fr; rl;lk;

1950 Mk; Mz;L 9Mk; ,yf;f fhzpr; RtPfupg;Gr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; mjidg; gpd;njhlu;e;j jpUj;jq;fs;

1978 Mk; Mz;L 41Mk; ,yf;f efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigr; rl;lk; 1987 Mk; Mz;L 19Mk; ,yf;f khefu rigr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; 19787 Mk; Mz;L

18Mk; ,yf;f efu rigr; rl;lk; ePu;g;ghrdf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; (mj;jpahak; 453) 1940 Mk; Mz;L 9Mk; ,yf;f Guhjd gz;lfl;lisr; rl;lk; (jw;Nghija rl;lk;)

kw;Wk; gpd;te;j jpUj;jq;fs; Fwpg;ghf 1998 Mk; Mz;L 24 Mk; ,yf;f Guhjd gz;lq;fs; jpUj;jr; rl;lk; gpujhd rl;lkhf cs;sJ.

#oiyAk; ,aw;if tsq;fisAk; ghJfhj;jy; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;jy; njhlu;ghf ,yq;if [dehaf Nrhryprf; Fbaurpd; murpayikg;G Mwhk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; fPo; murpd; nfhs;iffisAk; mbg;gilf; flikfisAk; 27-14 Yk; gpupT 28-f vLj;jpak;GfpwJ; “rdr%fj;jpd; ed;ikf;fhf murhdJ #oiyg; ghJfhj;J Ngzp Kd;Ndw;Wk;”. “,yq;ifapd; xt;nthU MspdJk; flik kw;Wk; nghWg;ghftpUg;gJ ,aw;if kw;Wk; mjd; tsq;fisf; fhg;gJk; MFk;”. ,e;j ,U $w;WfSk; murpd; mu;g;gzpg;igAk; Fbkf;fspd; nghWg;igAk; fhl;LfpwJ. Vida Rw;whly; rl;lq;fSk; kw;Wk; fl;lisr; rl;lq;fshtd fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; kPJ xU nghWg;igf; nfhz;Ls;sd:

1980Mk; Mz;L 47Mk; ,yf;f Njrpa Rw;whly; rl;lk; (NEA) 1988 Mz;L 56Mk; ,yf;fk; kw;Wk; 2000Mk; Mz;L 53Mk; ,yf;fr; rl;lj;jhy; jpUj;jg;gl;lthwhf

tlNky; khfhz 1990Mk; Mz;L 12Mk; ,yf;f khfhz Rw;whly; epajpr;rl;lk; NEAd; fPo; tu;j;jkhdpapy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;l EIA xOq;Ffs; (1993 Mk; Mz;L [Pd;

24e;jpfjp ,lg;gl;l 772/72 ,yf;f murhq;f tpNrl tu;j;jkhdp kw;Wk; mjw;Fg; gpw;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpUj;jq;fs;)

Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G cupkq;fs; (EPL) NEAd; fPohd tu;j;jkhdpapy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;l xOq;F tpjpfs; (2008 Mk; Mz;L [Pd; 24e;jpfjp ,lg;gl;l 1533/16 ,yf;f murhq;f tpNrl tu;j;jkhdp)

NEA d; fPohd Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;l;l Rw;whly; epakq;fs; fopTePu; ntspNaw;wy; epakq;fs; (2008 Mk; Mz;L ngg;utup 2e;jpfjp ,lg;gl;l

1534/18,yf;f murhq;f tpNrl tu;j;jkhdp) Njrpa Rw;whly; (,iur;ry; fl;Lg;ghL) xOq;F tpjpfs; (1996 Mk; Mz;L Nk

23e;jpfjp ,lg;gl;l 924/12,yf;f murhq;f tpNrl tu;j;jkhdp)


16

mKf;f mjpfupg;gpdhy; fhw;W ntbj;jy; kw;Wk; epyk; mjpu;jy; kPjhd cs;sf epakq;fs;

1992Mk; Mz;L 33Mk; ,yf;f Ruq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; fdpaq;fs; rl;lk; 1993Mk; Mz;L 49Mk; ,yf;f tpyq;Fj; jhtug; ghJfhg;G fl;lisr; rl;lk;

jpUj;jg;gl;lthwhf kw;Wk; NkYk; gpd;te;j jpUj;jq;fs; 1940k; <z;L 9Mk; ,yf;f Guhjd gz;lq;fs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; (mj;jpahak; 188)

jpUj;jg;gl;lthwhf 1907 Mk; Mz;L fhl;Lf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; gpd;te;j jpUj;jq;fs;

1907 Mk; Mz;L 16Mk; ,yf;f fhl;Lf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; (mj;jpahak; 451) (jpUj;jg;gl;lthwhf)

1907 Mk; Mz;L fhl;Lf; fl;lisr; rl;lkhdJ 1966Mk; Mz;L 13k; ,yf;f> 1979Mk; Mz;L 56k; ,yf;f> 1982Mk; Mz;L 13k; ,yf;f> 1988Mk; Mz;L 84k; ,yf;f> 1995Mk; Mz;L 23k; ,yf;f kw;Wk; 2009Mk; Mz;L 65k; ,yf;f Nghd;w rl;lq;fshy; jpUj;jg;gl;L

te;js;sJ. 2009Mk; Mz;L 65k; ,yf;fr; rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk; „fhhl;Lg; ghJfhg;G fl;lisr;

rl;lk;‟ vd ,J vLj;jhsg;gLfpwJ. fhl;Lg; ghJfhg;G fl;lisr; rl;lj;jhy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; ehd;F tifahd fhLfshf ghJfhg;Gf; fhLfs; xJf;fg;gl;l fhLfs; fpuhkf; fhLfs; kw;Wk; Vidaf; fhLfs; ghJfhg;G jtpu;e;jjhAk; cs;sd.

fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghfTs;s mikr;ruhy; tu;j;jkhdpapy; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; 3A gpuptpd; fPo; gpuRupf;fg;gLk; xU fl;lisahy; ve;jnthU mur gFjpiaAk; fhl;Lg; ghJfhg;G gFjpahf gpufldk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

mt;tplj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;ruhy; tu;j;jkhdpapy; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; %d;whk; gpuptpy; gpuRupf;fg;gLk; xU fl;lisahy; muR fhzpfspd; ve;jnthU Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpAk; xJf;fg;gl;l fhLfshf gpufldk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. xJf;fg;gl;l fhLfs; vd;w 78Mk; gpuptpd fPohd nghUs;Nfhlypd; gpufhuk; mjDs; ngUe;Njhl;lq;fs; kuk; elg;gl;l Nridfs; vd;gd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. 1907Mk; Mz;L 16Mk; ,yf;f fhl;Lf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; epiwNtw;wg;gLtjw;F Kd;gjhf ,e;jr; rl;lj;jpd; fPOk; xU xJf;fg;gl;l fhlhf gpufldk; nra;ag;gl;l ,e;jf; fhl;il jtpu;e;jditfisAk; xJf;fg;gl;l fhLfshf fUJfpd;wd.

,e;jf; fpuhk rdr%fq;fspd; FOf;fspd; ed;ikf;fhd tplaj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;ruhy; tu;j;jkhdpapy; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; 3Mk; gpuptpd; fPo; gpuRupf;fg;gl;l xU fl;lisapdhy; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;l murf; fhzpahdJ fpuhkf; fhLfshf Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Vida fhLfs; (ghJfhg;G> xJf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; fpuhkf; fhLfs; jtpu;e;j) tpNrl vy;iyfSld; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; mitfs; vy;yhk; ghJfhg;G fhLfs;> xJf;fg;gl;l fhLfs; my;yJ fpuhkf; fhLfs; vdg; gpufldg;gLj;jg;glhj kw;Wk; mjd; epkpj;jk; Vidaf; fhLfspd; rpwe;j KiwAld; Gupe;j nfhs;tjld; njhlu;Gila gy nghUs;NfhLfs; cs;sd.

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l fhLfs;> xJf;fg;gl;l fhLfs; kw;Wk; fpuhkf; fhLfs; vd;gd fhl;Lf; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; gpufldg;gLj;jg;glf; $bait. ,itfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;tjw;Fkhd Vw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Vida fhLfs; ( fhl;Lf; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpdhy; gpufldg;gLj;jg;glhjit) fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. ghJfhg;Gf; fhLfs; rl;lj;jpy; jtpu;f;fg;gl;litfs; gpupT 6y; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. xJf;fg;gl;l fhLfs; gpupT 7Yk; fpuhkf; fhLfs; gpupT 14Yk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l> xJf;fg;gl; kw;Wk; fpuhkf; fhLfspy; mlq;fhjit gpupT 20Yk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;tz;zkhd nraw;ghLfisr; nra;tjw;fhd jz;lidfshtd fhl;Lf; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpy; Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.


17

jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;Gf; fl;lisr; rl;lk;

1993Mk; Mz;L 49Mk; ,yf;f jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;Gf; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpy;

jpuj;jg;gl;lthwhf EIA Vw;ghLfs; cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;jr; rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk; Njrpa ghjfhg;gplj;jpd; ve;j vy;iyAkhfpa xU iky; f;F cs;shf epWtg;gl Ntz;ba ve;j

tpgupg;G mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;ghL vd;gd EIA/IEEw;F cl;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lnkd Ntz;lg;gltJld; tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;Gj; jpizf;fsg; gzpg;ghsuplkpUe;J mt;tz;zkhd fUj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;Jtjd; Kd;ghf vOj;J tbtpyhd mq;fPfhuk; ngwg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ffy;y-gy;Nyfy;y gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;l

ruzhyaj;jpy; 342 n`f;Nlau;g; gFjpia tpistpf;Fk; vd;gjhy; FFPOd; fPo; DWC d; vz;zq;fs; mf;fiwfSf;F cupa ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs; gpd;tUkhW tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd: (i) ruzhyaq;fs; (cupikNfhuYf;F ntspahfTs;s jdpahu;fhzpfspy; cs;s tdtpyq;Ffisg; ghJfhj;jiy cWjpg;gLj;Jk;. MfNt ruzhyaq;fshtd jdpahu;f; fhzpfisAk;

cs;slf;FtJld; Eiotjw;F mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fs; Ntz;lg;glhJ) (ii) fLikahd ,aw;if xJf;fplq;fs; (xU fhzpg; gFjp Fiwe;j rpy capupd tiffs; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd tiffs; jkJ tho;tplq;fspy; jg;gpg; gpiog;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Fiwe;jsT Fog;GiffSld; ,Ug;gjw;F jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;F cupa tiffshf fUjg;gLgitfSf;F mtw;wpd; ,aw;if tho;tplq;fs; trjpg;gLj;jp cupa tpQ;Qhd Ma;Tfis cWjpg;gLj;jy;. ,t; xJf;fplq;fshtd ,aw;if Kiwapy; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wd. MfNt kdpj nraw;ghLfs; ,e;j fLikahd ,aw;if tsq;fspy;

mDkjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy; DWCd; Neubr; nraw;ghLfspd; fPo; Ma;Tfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd), (iii) Njrpa G+q;fhf;fs; (tdtpyq;FfisAk; mtw;wpd; tho;tplq;fisAk; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; xOq;Ffspid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; Nkw;ghu;it nra;tjw;Fk; ,jDs; nry;y nghJkf;fs;

mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;) (iv) ,aw;if xJf;fplq;fs; (,e;j ,lq;fspy; td tpyq;Ffisg; ghu;g;gJk; Ma;T nra;tJk; tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ ,J fLikahd ,aw;if tsq;fs; ghjfhg;Gg; gFjpf;F xj;jjhf ,Ug;gJld; tpQ;Qhd Ma;thsu;fs; tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;G gzpahs;j; njhFjpapdupd; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;s xg;Gjy; toq;Ffpd;wdu;. ,e;j ,lq;fshtd fLikahd xJf;fplq;fspypUe;J ghuk;gupa kdpj nraw;ghLfs; njhlUtjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wjhy; NtWgLfpwJ) ghJfhf;fg;gl;l

gFjpfspd; ,e;j tifg;ghLfshtd FFPO d; fPo; gpd;tUkhW gpufldk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ:

(i) fLikahd ,aw;if xJf;fplq;fs;: jhtu tpuq;F ,dtiffs; Fiwe;j Fog;gq;fSld; mtw;wpd; ,Uj;jiyAk; mr;RWj;jy; capupdtif vd;w epiyiaAk; NgZtjw;fhf jkJ ,aw;if tho;tplq;fspy; thOtij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf cupa tpQ;Qhd Ma;TfisAk; trjpg;gLj;Jk; me;jNtis mt; capupd tiffSf;fhf mu;g;gzpf;fg;gl;ljhf fUjg;gLk; xU fhzpg; gFjp MFk;. ,it Jha ,aw;if KiwikfSld; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ MfNt kdpj nraw;ghLfs; mt;tifahd ,lq;fspy; fLikahf mDkjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy MdhYk;

Ma;thus;fspd; nraw;ghLfs; DWC d; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; Neubahf

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ghJfhg;G Kiwikfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; IUCN d; gpufhuk; (i) xU fLikahd ghJfhg;gplkhdJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpd; tifg;ghL xd;whf cs;sJ.

(ii) Njrpa G+q;fhf;fs; tdtpyq;FfisAk; mtw;wpd; tho;tplq;fisAk; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; xOq;Ffspid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; Nkw;ghu;it nra;tjw;Fk; ,jDs; nry;y nghJkf;fs;


18

mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu ghJfhg;G Kiwikfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; IUCN d;

gpufhuk; (ii) xU Njrpag; G+q;fhthdJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpd; tifg;ghL ,uz;lhf cs;sJ.

(iii) ,aw;if xJf;fplq;fs;: ,e;j ,lq;fspy; td tpyq;Ffisg; ghu;g;gJk; Ma;T nra;tJk; tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ ,J fLikahd ,aw;if tsq;fs; ghjfhg;Gg; gFjpf;F xj;jjhf ,Ug;gJld; tpQ;Qhd Ma;thsu;fs; tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;G gzpahs;j; njhFjpapdupd; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;s xg;Gjy; toq;Ffpd;wdu;. ,e;j ,lq;fshtd fLikahd xJf;fplq;fspypUe;J ghuk;gupa

kdpj nraw;ghLfs; njhlUtjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wjhy; NtWgLfpwJ. ghJfhg;G

Kiwikfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; IUCN d; gpufhuk; (IV) xU ,aw;ifahd ,lkhdJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpd; tifg;ghL ehd;fhf cs;sJ.

(iv) ruzhyaq;fs;: cupikNfhuYf;F ntspahfTs;s jdpahu;fhzpfspy; cs;s tdtpyq;Ffisg; ghJfhj;jiy cWjpg;gLj;Jk;. MfNt ruzhyaq;fshtd jdpahu;f; fhzpfisAk; cs;slf;FtJld; Eiotjw;F mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fs;

Ntz;lg;glhJ . ghJfhg;G Kiwikfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; IUCN d; gpufhuk; (VI) xU ruzhyakhdJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpd; tifg;ghL Mwhf cs;sJ.

1980 Mk; Mz;L 47k; ,yf;f NEA kw;Wk; mjd; jpUj;jq;fs; 1980 Mk; Mz;L 47k; ,yf;f Njrpar; Rw;whly; rl;lk; Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk;

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; Njrpa rhrdkhf cs;sJ. NEA MdJ Kd;Ndw;wq;fisr; nra;tjw;fhfTk; mf;fhyj;jpd; NjitfSf;fhfTk; ,uz;L Kiw jpUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1988Mk; Mz;L 56Mk; ,yf;f Njrpa Rw;whly; jpUj;jg;gl;lr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; 2000Mk; Mz;L 53Mk; ,yf;f Njrpa Rw;whly; jpUj;jg;gl;lr; rl;lk;.

NEAy; ,U gpujhd xOq;FgLj;jy; Vw;ghLfs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpd; Clhf Rw;whly; kPjhd mgptpUj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapd; jhf;fq;fs; kjpg;gplg;gl;L jzpf;fg;gl;L Kfhikj;Jtk;

nra;ag;gLfpwJ. mitahtd:

NEAd; fPo; tu;j;jkhdpapy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;l EIA xOq;Ffs; (1993 Mk; Mz;L [Pd; 24e;jpfjp ,lg;gl;l 772/72 ,yf;f murhq;f tpNrl tu;j;jkhdp kw;Wk; mjw;Fg; gpw;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpUj;jq;fs;)

Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G cupkq;fs; (EPL) NEAd; fPohd tu;j;jkhdpapy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;l xOq;F tpjpfs; (2008 Mk; Mz;L [Pd; 24e;jpfjp ,lg;gl;l 1533/16 ,yf;f murhq;f tpNrl tu;j;jkhdp)

Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;gPL EIA njhlu;Gila Vw;ghLfshdit Njrpa Rw;whly; rl;lj;jpd; gFjp IV C y; cs;slf;fg;gLfpwJ. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; mq;fPfupg;gpw;fhf rl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l nrad;Kiwfshtd ,U tifahd mwpf;iffs; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl Ntz;bajha; cs;sJ. Muk;g Rw;whly; guPl;rpg;G mwpf;if kw;Wk; Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;Pl;L mwpf;if. ,e;j

mwpf;iffshdit 1993 Mk; Mz;L [Pd; khj 24e; jpfjp 772/22 ,yf;f tpNrl

tu;j;jkhdpapy; rl;lj;jpd; 23 Z gpuptpd; gpufhuk; Rw;whly; mikr;rhy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;l xU fl;lisapd; ml;ltizapy; cs;slf;fg;gl;l tpsf;fpr; nrhy;yg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs; njhlu;ghdtw;wpy; mwpf;iffs; Njitg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

msitg; nghWj;jjy;yhj ,lk;ngw ,Uf;Fk; ve;jf; fUj;jpl;lKk; xU Rw;whly; $Wzu;Tg; gFjpapy; KOikahfNth my;yJ ghjpahfNth mike;jpUg;gpd; me;jf; Fwpj;Jiuj;jf;


19

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ EIAd; xOq;F tpjpfspd; fPo; mq;fPfhuj;ij Ntz;b epw;fpwJ.

MfNt ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tplaj;jpYk; EIAw;fhd Njitg;ghlhdJ cs;sJ. cj;Njr

NWP fhy;tha;f; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ Nkw;gb tu;j;jkhdpapd; Vw;ghLfspd; gpufhuk; xU

Fwpj;Jiuj;j fUj;jpl;lkhFk;. mj;Jld; xU EIAI elhj;JtJ cupa nrad; KiwahFk;.

epakpf;fg;gl;l fUj;jpl;l mq;fPfupg;G Kftu;fspDhlhf EIA nrad;Kiw mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

(PAAs). fUj;jpl;l mq;fPfupg;G Kftu;fs; njhlu;Gila mikr;Rf;fshfTk; Kftu;fshfTK; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lj;Jld; Neubahfj; njhlu;GilNahuhfTk; cs;sdu; mtu;fs;

NEA d; fPo; EIAd; nrad;Kiwia epUtfpg;gjw;Fg; nghWg;ghf cs;sdu;. cupa PAAfis jPu;khdpg;gjhdJ fpNoAs;s tupirg;gLj;jg;gl;l Fwpf;Nfhs;fis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;Ls;sJ:

cj;Njr NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ePu;g;ghrd kw;Wk; ePu;toq;fy; mgptpUj;jp mikr;rpd; ghu;itapd; fPo; tUtjdhYk; mJ fUj;jpl;lg; gq;fhsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJld;

mNjNtisapy; CEA MdJ ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd Gjpa mq;fPfupg;G KftuhfTk; cs;shu;. ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lk; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLtjw;fhf fUj;jpl;lg; gq;fhsuhdtu; Rw;whly;

jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;ifnahd;iw rku;g;gpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. EIA mwpf;ifahdJ rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJk; xU 30 ehs; fhyg;gFjpapd nghOJ nghJkf;fs; Mtzj;ijg; ghu;itapLtjw;Fk; mjd; kPJ fUj;Jr; nrhy;tjw;Fk; ,lkspf;fg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; nghJkf;fs; mf;fiwfs; FLj;J vLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F ve;j cWg;gpdUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ftjw;fhf nghJkf;fs; fye;JiuahlYf;Fk; ,lk;tplg;gLfpwJ. fUj;jpl;lj;ij

mq;fPfupg;gjhdJ nghJkf;fs; fye;Jiuahlypd; gpd;G PAAdhy; nra;ag;gLtJld; ngupa gpur;rpidfshditfs; jPu;j;J itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G cupkk; (EPL) Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G cupkkhdJ Njrpar; Rw;whly; rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfspd; xU xOq;fikg;G

rl;l fUtpahf cs;sJ. EPL nrad;KiwahdJ Njrpa ntspNaw;wy; kw;Wk; ntspNaw;Wk; epakq;fSld; xj;J NghFk; gbahfTk; ifj;njhopy; nraw;ghLfspypUe;J Rw;whlYf;Fs; ntspNaw;wg;gLgitfs; tpLtpf;fg;gLgitfs; jLg;gjw;F Fiwg;gjw;fhf mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; khrilAk; nrad;Kiwapy; khriljy; kPjhd fl;LghLfs; kPjhd topfhl;ly;fis toq;Ftjw;F Rj;jkhd cw;gj;jp> fopT Fiwj;jy; Nghd;w khriljy;

Fiwg;G njhopy;El;gq;fis mjpfupg;gjw;fhfTk; EPL nrad;KiwahdJ mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ

,e;j xOq;F tpjpfspd; Vw;ghLfspd; fPo; cj;Njr NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;ij epu;khzpg;gJld; gy nraw;ghLfs; ,ize;Js;sd. mj;Jld; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G cupkj;ij xt;nthU rkaj;jpYk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf cs;sdu;. mjpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghLfshdit njhifahd ngw;Nwhypaj;jputk; my;yJ jputg;gLj;jg;gl;l ngw;Nwhypa thAf;fs; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;> my;yJ trjpfis epug;Gjy; m];Nghy;l; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jy; ,ae;jpuq;fs;> nfhq;fpuPl; njhFjpaply; ,ae;jpuq;fs; ,ae;jpukhf;fg;gl;l Ruq;fk; mfoy; nraw;ghLfs;> fy;Yilj;jy; ,ae;jpuq;fs;> fopTg; gz;lq;fis vupg;gitfis fopT ePu;g; gjg;gLj;Jl; ,ae;jpuq;fs;> jpz;kf; fopT nfhl;Lk; ,lq;fs;> er;R kw;Wk; mghaf; foptpidg; gjg;gLj;jy;> ntspNaw;Wk; trjpfs;.

Rw;whly; ghJfhg;Gf;fis mKy;g;gLj;JtJld; <LgLk; epWtdr; rl;lfNtiy NEA d; fPo; Vw;ghLfis mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Njrpa epWtdk; kw;Wk; Rw;whliy ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLfis vLg;gjw;Fk; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; Md epWtdKkhf kj;jpa


20

Rw;whly; mjpfhurig cs;sJ. mjd; njhopw;ghLfshtd IEE mq;fPfupg;Gf;fhf gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gJld; jw;nghOJ 9 khfhz mYtyfq;fspYk; ehL G+uhfTk; khtl;l mYtyfq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gf;F Miz ngw;Ws;s gpd;tUk; Kf;fpa Njrpa

Kftu;fs; NWPCP nraw;ghLfSld; njhlu;GilNahuha; cs;sdu;.

fhl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;,

tdg; ghJfhg;Gj; jpizf;fsk;,

GijnghUspay; jpizf;fsk;,

mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt epiyak;

Gtpr; rupjtpay; Ma;T kw;Wk; Ruq;fg; gzpafk;.

Njrpa fl;bl Ma;T epWtdk; ,itfs; jkJ gpuhe;jpa mYty;fisAk; njhopyEl;g gzpahs;j; njhFjpapdiuAk; Rw;whly; ghJfhg;igf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhfTk; Nrit toq;Ftjw;fhfTk; mitfis MSk; nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; xOf;fhw;wy; Vw;ghLfspd; gpufhuk; fz;fhzpf;fTk; Nrit toq;fTk; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf Rw;whly; ghjfhg;G kw;Wk; #oy; ghJfhg;Gf;fis cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Miz ngw;Ws;s gy Njrpa Kftu;fs; cs;sdu;. mtu;fshtdu;>

efurig mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig (UDA), ePu; toq;fy; kw;Wk; tbfhyikg;Gr; rig (NWS&DB),

tPjp mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig (RDA), tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;, fjey Nritfs; kw;Wk;

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; (ID).

cs;Suhl;rpr; rigfSk; (LA) jkJ cupa fl;lisr;rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; rl;lq;fspd; fPo; Rw;whly; Nritfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; toq;Ftjw;Fk; jkf;Fupa gFjpfspy; nghJkf;fspd; trjpf;fhf Rw;whly; Rj;jj;ijg; NgZtjw;Fk; Vw;ghLfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd. khefurigahdJ 1987k; Mz;L 19k; ,yf;f rl;lj;jpd; fPOk; 1987k; Mz;L 18k; ,yf;f efurig rl;lj;jpd; fPOk; cs;Su; kl;lj;jpy; epu;thf kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd nrad;KiwfspYk; jPu;khdnkLg;gpYk; tpidj;jpwdhf kf;fs; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;fhf re;ju;g;gq;fis ngupastpy; toq;fTk; Nehf;fj;Jld; khfhzrigfs; kw;Wk; khefurigfs; czur;nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld; ,J mt;tz;zkhd cs;Suhl;rp rigfspd; njhopw;ghLfisAk; mjpfhuq;fisAk; flikfisAk; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;LtJld; mjDld; njhlu;Gila tplaq;fisAk; toq;FfpwJ. ,e;jr; rl;lq;fshdit nghjr; Rfhjhuk;> ePu; ntspNaw;Wif> ePu;r; Rj;jpfupg;G> Rfhjhuj;jpw;F Nflhd fl;blq;fs;> foptfw;wy;> njhe;juT> ghJfhg;G vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.

Guhjd gz;lq;fs; fl;lisr; rl;lk;:

Guhjd gz;lq;fs; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; gpupT 47 kw;Wk; 43A fPo; Gjpa fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F xU GijnghUspay; jhf;f kjpg;gPlhdJ Ntz;lg;gLfpwJ (2000 Mk; Mz;L xf;Nlhgu;

4e;jpfjp ,lg;gl;l 1154/14 ,yf;f murhq;f tpNrl tu;j;jkhdp)

gy;Njrpa xg;ge;jq;fs;

,yq;ifahdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 40 gy;Njrpa Rw;whly; xg;ge;jq;fis Vw;Wf; nfhz;L my;yJ mq;fPfupj;Js;sJ. ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;Fj; njhlu;Gila gy;Njrpa Rw;whly; xg;ge;jq;fshtd ml;ltiz 1-1 y; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ.


21

ml;ltiz 1-1 fUj;jpl;lj;Jld; njhlu;Gila ru;tNjr Rw;whly; xg;ge;jq;fs;

xg;ge;jk; iff;nfhz;l jpfjp

,yf;Ffs;

tspkz;lyk; fhyepiy khw;wk; njhlu;ghd If;fpa ehLfspd; rl;lfNtiy rkthak; (UNFCCC 1992)

23 etk;gu; 1993

fhyepiy KiwikfSld; mghafukhd khriljy; ,ilaPlfisj; jtpu;j;J epw;Fk; xU kl;lj;jpy; #oypy; ftdk; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd gr;irtPLfs; thA Vw;glj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy;

fpahNlh kunghOq;F (1997)

3 xf;Nlhgu; 2002

2008-2012 fhyg;gFjpfspy; 1990d; Mff;Fiwe;jJ 5% kl;lq;fspy; gr;irtPl;L thAf;fspd; mtw;wpd; $l;L ntspg;ghLfisf; mgptpUj;jp mile;j ehLfs; Fiwg;gjw;F.

gy;Yapu;j;jd;ik ru;tNjr jhtu ghJfhg;Gr; rkthak; (1951)

12 ngg;utup 1952

jhtuq;fspd; kw;Wk; jhtu cw;gj;jpfspdJ G+r;rpfs; Neha;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F ru;tNjr xj;Jiog;ig NgZjYk; mjpfupj;jYk; mj;Jld; mit mwpKfkhtijAk; ru;tNjr vy;ifs; fle;J guk;GtijAk; jLj;jy;

Mrpa kw;Wk; gRgpf; gpuhe;jpaq;fSf;fhd jhtug; ghJfhg;G xg;ge;jk; (1956)

27 ngg;utup 1956

mghafukhdj; jhtuq;fs; gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;Fs; mwpKfkhtijAk; guk;GtijAk; jLj;jy;

Gyk;;ngaUk; ,dq;fisg; ghJfhj;jy; njhlu;ghd rkthak; (CMS-1979)

6 [Pd; 1990

Njrpa vy;iyfSf;F mg;ghy; Gyk;ngaUk; tdtpyq;Ffspd; tiffisg; ghJfhj;jy;

gy;Yapu;j; jd;ik kPjhd rkthak; (CBD-1992)

23 khu;r; 1994

gy;Yapu;tifj; jd;ikiag; ghJfhj;jy;. mtw;wpd; cs;sPL tiffspd; ePbj;jg; ghtiziag; ghJfhj;jjy; gy;Yapu; tsq;fspd; gad;gLj;JifapypUe;J vOk;ed;ikfis rkijahfg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;sy;. kugZ tsq;fis cupa tifapy; mile;J nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; cupa njhopy; El;gq;fspd; cupajhd khw;Wif kw;Wk; cupa epjpaPl;lk; vd;gd cl;gl

fhzp ghiytdkhjYld; NghuhLk; If;fpa ehLfs; rkthak; (UNCCD- 1994)

fLikahd tul;rp epyTk; ehLfspy; tul;rpj; jhf;fq;fisj; jzpg;gjw;Fk; ghiytdkhjYld; NghuhLjYf;FkhdJ. mj;Jld; fLk; kioapd;ik kioFiwT tul;rp Fiwe;j <ug;gjd; cs;s ehLfspy; rkthaj;jpd; gq;fhsu;fshf cs;s ehLfspy; ,jid jtpu;g;gjw;fhd ,Wjp ,yf;Fld; ,Uj;jy;.

1.6 Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; Njitg;ghLfs;:

xU fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;glf;$ba Rw;whly;fspd; jhf;fq;fspd; Kf;fpakhdtu;fisr; rpe;jpg;gjw;F Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp xU tifg;gLj;jy; Kiwikiag; gad;gLj;JfpwJ. xU fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tifg;ghlhdJ mjd; kpfTk; Rw;whly; uPjphd $Uzu;T cl;$W Neub kiwKf xd;wpize;j nry;thf;Ff;F fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpfspd; jhf;fq;fs; cl;gl;ltw;wpd; tifg;ghLfshy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gLfpwJ. xt;nthU cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lKk; mjd; tif miktplk;> msT> kw;Wk; $Uzu;T kw;Wk; Vw;glf;$ba mjd; Rw;whly;j;; jhf;fq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; epkpj;jk; Ez;zha;T nra;ag;gLfpwJ. fUj;jpl;lq;fshtd Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; ghJfhg;Gf; nfhs;iff; $w;W (2009) d; mbg;gilapy; gpd;tUk; ehd;F tifg;ghLfSs; xd;Ws; itf;fg;gLfpwJ.


22

tifg;ghL A: kPsj; jpUg;g KbahjJk; gy;tifg;gl;lJk; Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhjJkhd fLikahd Kf;fpakhd Rw;whly;j; jhf;fq;fSld; $ba fUj;jpl;lq;fs;. Kf;fpakhd jhf;fq;fis ftdpg;gjw;F xU Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;gPL Njitg;gLfpwJ.

tifg;ghL B: fUj;jpl;lq;fshdit rpy fLikahd Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gdthf kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; msT FiwthfTk; my;yJ kw;Wk;

tifg;ghL A fUj;jpl;lq;fis tpl Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fiwe;jdthfTk; cs;sd. Muk;g

Rw;whly; guPl;rpg;G MdJ EIA Nghd;W Fwpg;;gplj;jf;f xU Rw;whly; jhf;f rhl;rpg;gLj;jy;

Njitah ,y;iyah vd;gij fz;Lgpbf;f gad;gLfpwJ. EIA MdJ Njitg;glhj gl;rj;jpy; Muk;g Rw;whly; guPl;rpg;ghdJ ,Wjp Rw;whly; kjpgPl;lwpf;ifahf fUjg;gLfpwJ.

tifg;ghL C: ghjfkhd Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fis nfhz;buhj fUj;jpl;lq;fs;. EIA my;yJ IEE Njitg;gLtjpy;iy. vdpDk; Rw;whly; gpd;tpisTfshdit ,d;Dk; kPsha;T nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

tifg;ghL F1: tifg;ghL F1 Mf tifg;gLj;jg;gLk; fUj;jpl;lq;fshtd ,itfs; epjpaPLifA+lhf fld; trjpfSld; rk;ge;jg;gLtdthf cs;sd. epjpaPLifahdJ Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik kPJ tpz;zg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhJ Nghapd; vy;yh fUj;jpl;lq;fSk; Kf;fpakw;w jhf;fq;fis tpistpf;Fk;.

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpahdJ rig guprPypg;gpw;F 120 ehl;fSf;F Kd;gjhf mjd; ,izaj;jsj;jpy; tiuig ntspapLk;

cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf mur Kftu;fsplkpUe;J Njitg;gLk; G+u;thq;f mq;fPfhuq;fs;

,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ,uz;L khfhzq;fshd kj;jpa kw;Wk; tlNky; khfhzq;fspy; ,lk;ngWfpwJ. gy;NtWgl;l mur Kftu;fsplkpUe;J mq;fPfhuq;fs; Njitg;gLk;. mitfshtd fPNo epuy;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

1. kj;jpa Rw;whly; mjpfhu rigaplkpUe;jhd EIA Ma;tpw;fhd mq;fPfhuk;

2. tlNky; khfhz Rw;whly; mjpfhu rig 2 (tlNky; khfhzkhdJ 1990y; 12Mk; ,yf;f 1990Mk; Mz;L khfhz Rw;whly; epajprl;lk; vd;W ngau; nfhz;l rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;wpAs;sJ. Rw;whly; ghJfhg;gpd; tplakhf ,yq;if murpayikg;gpd; 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; 9tJ ml;ltizapw;F ,uz;Lf;Fk; nghJthdjhf epuw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.) vt;thwhapDk; ejp MWkhfhzq;fSf;F ,ilapyhdikapdhYk; fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fpilg;gl;lJ vd;gjhYk; ,Wjp mq;fkhdJ

kPsha;T mq;fPfhuf; FOtpd; xU ghfkhfpa Rw;whly; NWP mjpfhu rigAld; gw;wp murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

3. ,yq;if kfhtyp mjpfhurig mq;fPfhuk; 4. fkeyNritfsplkpUe;jhd mq;fPfhuk; 5. GijnghUspay; jpizf;fsj;jplkpUe;jhd mq;fPfhuk; 6. tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;Gj; jpizf;fsj;jplkpUe;jhd mq;fPfhuk;. 7. fhl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jplkpUe;jhd mq;fPfhuk; 8. Njrpaj; jpl;lkply; jpizf;fsj;jplkpUe;jhd mq;fPfhuk; 9. cupa gpuNjr rigfsplkpUe;jhd mq;fPfhuk; 10. Gtpr;rupjtpay; Ma;T kw;Wk; Ruq;ftpay; Ma;Tg; gzpafj;jplkpUe;jhd

ghiwfisAk; kzy;f;FopfisAk; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mq;fPfhuk;.

2 NWP Rw;whly; mjpfhu rigahdJ ADB d; jpUj;jq;fSld; CEA My; toq;fg;gl;l TOR w;F mzq;fpAs;sJ.


23

1.7 ,g;gFjpapYs;s Viad mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fSldhd cld;ghL

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,yf;Fg; gFjpahf njJW Xah Mw;W tbepyq;fspYs;s ff;tJd Xah ePu;g;ghrd Kiwik kw;Wk; Nky; kP Xah tbepyj;jpYs;s ,ilj;ju kw;Wk; rpwpa ePu;g;ghrd Kiwikfs; cs;sd. tbepyj;jpd; eL miltpYs;s njJW Xah ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ epu;khzk; nra;ag;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fk; njJW Xah

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; Nky; ePNuhl;lg; gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ kw;Wk; cj;Njr NWP fhy;thahdJ njJWXah fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; Neubahd jhf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;fhJ. vt;thwhapDk; njJW Xah epu;j; Njf;fkhdJ cj;Njr jpirjpUg;GifapypUe;jhd ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;f cl;gha;r;ry; mjpfupg;gpd; epkpj;jk; ff;tJd Xah tay;fspypUe;J mjpf fopT ePig; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;. Nky; Xah tbepyj;jpy; ve;jnthU ePu;ts mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lKk; ,y;iy. fUj;jpl;l Njrg;glj;jpw;fhf cU 2.3 I g; ghu;f;Ff.


24

2. cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tpgupg;Gk; epahakhd khw;wPLfSk;

2.1 khw;wPLfspd; kjpg;gPL

NWPCw;fhd gpd;tUk; khw;wPl;Lg; ghij topfis EIA Ma;Tf;FO Ma;e;Js;sJ:

I. kj;jpa nghwpapay; MNyhridg; gzpafkhdJ (CECB) Nghtj;jd ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J xU ,uz;lhtJ Nghtj;jid epyf;fPo; topg;ghij (xU 8 fpkP ePskhdJ) Clhf ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd khw;Wk; topg;ghijf;fhf Kd;nkhopfpwJ. ePuhdJ ntkby;yapypUe;J njtFth Cl;ly; fhy;thapw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. mq;fpUe;J ePuhdJ fpisf; fhy;thA+lhfg; gazpj;J FUehfy; khtl;lj;jpYs;s nghj;Jtpy ePu;j;Njf;fk; tiug; gazpf;fpwJ. ff;tJd Xah kw;Wk; nkjpaht ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;Fk; xU ,izg;Gf; fhy;thapDhlhf ePu; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

II. njtFt ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J kP Xah kw;Wk; ff;tJd Xahtpw;fhd khw;Wf;

fhy;tha;.

III. ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fj;ijf; fle;J nry;Yk; jk;Gs;s XahtpypUe;J njtFt toq;Fk; fhy;thA+lhf nghj;Jtpy Fsj;jpw;fhd khw;wy; fhy;tha;. kpdp ePu; kpd;rhu epiyaj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l gpw;ghlhd fhy;thapd; epyf;fPo;g; gFjpia Nehf;fpa ePNuhl;lj;jpy; jw;NghJs;s Nghtj;jd ePu;g;ghrdkhd epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijapypUe;J jpirjpUg;gkilfpwJ. xU fpisf; fhy;thA+lhf ePiuj; jpUg;Gtjw;F jk;Gs;s Xahtpw;F FWf;Nf xU Gjpa jpirjpUg;G fl;lg;gLk; jpirjpUg;gg;gl;l ePPuhdJ ,uz;L ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; (kfhfpJy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy) vd;gtw;Wf;Fs; Nrkpf;fg;gLtJld; ,yf;F itf;fg;gl;L gFjpf;Fs; xU fhy;tha; KiwikA+lhf cupa Neuq;fspy; tpLtpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

I ) CECB Kd;nkhopT

2003 Mk; Mz;L CECB rhj;jpats Ma;thdJ kfhtyp KiwikapypUe;J NWP w;F

tUlhe;jk; 80 – 100 MCM khw;wg;gLifia rpghupR nra;jJ. njhlu; topg; ghijapd; gpujhd jpirjpUg;gy; Gs;spahdJ xU Gjpa 8 fpkP ePsKk; 6 kP tpl;lKKila KO Nfhlhf

,Uf;Fk; Nghtj;jd ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J (“,uz;lhtJ Nghtj;jd epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij”) Md KOf;Nfhlhd epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijahFk;. nkhj;jkhf 45 fpAkpf; ePiu tpLtpg;gjw;fhd xU njhlu; tha;fhyhf ,J tbtikf;fg;gl;L ,Ug;gJld; mjpy; 25 fpAkpf; MdJ

Kiwik H, I/H kw;Wk; M/H Mfpa kfhtyp Kiwikfspd; ePu;g;ghrdj;Njitfis G+u;j;jp

nra;tjw;fhf tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; 20 fpAkpf; MdJ NWP gFjpapy; Nky; kP Xah tbepyq;fspd; ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij mjpfupg;gjw;Fk; kw;Wk; rpW ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; topg;ghijia mjpfupf;fTk; tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. (cj;Njr mgptpUj;jpfs; njhlu;ghf kfhtyp mgptpUj;jp gFjpfSf;fhf jaTnra;J cU 2.2Ig; ghu;f;Ff).

tk;nghLaha fpuhkj;jpYs;s Nghtj;jd ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; Rw;Wtl;lj;jpy; mjdJ cs; EioAk; thapypy; mike;Js;s nghl;lht fpuhkj;jpYs;s nty;ykpba Xh tbepyj;jpw;F

tlNkw;Fj; jpirapy; gazk; nra;tJld; ntspr;nry;Yk; thapypy; 6.6 MW rf;jpia

cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;. kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyak; 37.57 GWH xd;wpidAk; Nehf;fpg; gazpf;fpwJ. ePuhdJ ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;Fg; guTk; nty;kl;ba Xahtpd; xU Nky;jpir Nehf;fpag; Gs;spapy; tpLtpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fk; kw;Wk; fPNoAs;s nty;kl;ba Xah


25

vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapyhd cauNtWghl;ilg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf 5.3 MW kw;Wk; 28.3

GWh ,id cila xU ,uz;lhtJ kpd;cw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ mizf;fl;Lf;F fPNo mikf;f Kd;nkhopagl;Ls;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ,Wjpahf cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l kpd;epiyaj;ij cs;slf;fhky; 2007y; ,Wjpahfg; G+u;j;jpnra;ag;gl;lJ.

cU 2-1 jpl;l tiuglk; - CECB Kd;nkhopT

cj;Njrf; fhy;thahdJ LB gpujhd fhy;tha; kjfpypUe;J Gwg;gl;L 700 kP fhy;thapDhlhf Nky; kP Xah tbepyj;jpy; nghJtpy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ePu; toq;fp 20ypUe;J 8 fpAkpf; ,aYikAld; xU fpisf; fhy;thahf 26.5 fpkP gazpf;fpwJ. mj;Jld; ff;tJd

Xah kw;Wk; nkjpaht ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshtd cupa jpirjpUg;gypy; / xOq;fikf;Fk; fl;likg;Gf;fspy; kw;Wk; ,izg;Gf; fhy;tha;fspdhy; ePu; toq;fg;gLtdthf cs;sd.

nefpo;r;rpkpF ePu; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F Njitg;gLtjhfpa fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fis ,e;j Kd;nkhopT toq;ftpy;iy. Nghtj;jd ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;jhd ePuhdJ ePu;nry;Yk; gFjpapy; tho;Nthupd; Nfs;tpapd; epkpj;jk; Mz;L G+uhfTk; fpilf;ff;

$bajha; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. NWPd; Nkyjpf Nfs;tpfSf;F G+u;j;jpnra;tjw;F Nghjpa tpjj;jpy;

cl;gha;r;rYk; Nrkpg;Gk; ,Uf;Fk; nghOjhd rpy khjq;fspy; khj;jpuNk NWP gFjpf;F ePu;

tpepNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ. MfNt NWP gFjpapy; Nrkpf;Fk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; tpNrlkhf fhyepiy khWk; jhf;fq;fspd; gpd;Gyj;jpy; xU Kd;nkhoptpw;fhd mj;jpahtrpa tplakhf cs;sJ.

NkYk; ,e;j Kd;nkhopTld; Nghtj;jd ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;jhd ePupd; Nfs;tpAk; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; cl;gha;tpy; mt;thwhd xU mjpfupj;j Nfs;tpahdJ ePu;r;rkdpiy Ma;tpy; tpsf;fg;gltpy;iy. MfNt ,e;j khw;wPlhdJ ,e;j Kd;nkhopit Mjupg;gjw;F fpilf;ff; $bajhfTs;s ePu; tsq;fs; Nghjpaw;wJ vd;w mbg;gilapd; kPJ ,e;j khw;wPLfs; guprPypf;fg;gltpy;iy.

njtFth ePu;j;Njf;fk;

Nghtj;jd ePu;j;Njf;fk;

kP Xah tbepyj;jpw;F ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fk; cj;Njr 2tJ epyf;fPo;g;ghij nty;kl;ba Xah nkjpntt ePu;j;Njf;fk; ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fk;


26

cU 2-2 kfhtyp mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPohd mgptpUj;jpg; gFjpfs;;


27

II) njtFt ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J kP Xah kw;Wk; ff;tJd Xahtpw;fhd khw;Wiff; fhy;tha; rhj;jats Ma;Tf;F Kd;dhd Muk;g fl;lq;fspd; nghOJ njtFt ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J Nky; kP Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd xU khw;Wf; fhy;thiaf; fl;Ltjw;fhd rhj;jpakhdJ guprPypf;fg;gl;lJ. njtFt ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F tbfhyhf tbe;J nry;Yk; xU ,aw;if

ePNuhilahfpa fSfy; Xah tiuf;Fkhd xU fpisf; fhy;thahfg; gazpf;Fk; LB gpujhd fhy;thapDhlhf njtFt ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ePiu mjpfupf;fr; nra;jy; ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fk; fl;lg;gl;lJ vd;w cz;ikia ,e;j Kd;nkhopT mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

vt;thwhapDk; njtFt ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; FSL MdJ 182.4 kP Mf ,Uf;Fk; mNjNtisapy;

kfhfpJy (ffy;y gy;Nyfy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpYs;s cj;Njr Gjpa ePu;j;Njf;fk;) FSL MdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 195 kP Mf kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.

,e;j Kd;nkhoptpYs;s gpujhd gpd;dilT vd;dntdpy; njtFttpypUe;J nghj;Jtpytpw;F (kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F khw;Wg; ghijahf) nry;Yk; ,izg;Gf; fhy;thahdJ fLikahd Mo ntl;Lif kw;Wk; epyf;fPo;r; Ruq;ftopg; ghij mikj;jYld; rk;ke;jg;gLfpwJ. MfNt epymiktpay; tiuaiwfspd; epkpj;jkhf ,jdhy; ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F ePu; toq;f KbahJ. ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ,yf;Fg; gFjpapYs;s xNunahU ngupa ePu;j;Njf;fkhFk;. MfNt ,e;j ePu; khw;Wifj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPOk; ,e;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;ijg; ngUg;gpg;gJ mj;jpahtrpakhdJ.

III) jk;Gs;s XahtpypUe;J nghj;Jtpy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd khw;Wiff; fhy;tha; ,e;j khw;Wj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; gpujhd jpirjpUg;g topahdJ jpUj;jg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nydNlhuhtpYs;s rpwpa kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp rf;fuj;jpw;Fr; nry;Yk; Ruq;ff; fhy;thapd; fPo;Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; xU Gs;spapy; Nghtj;jd ePu;g;ghrdf; fhy;thapypUe;J Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. gpujhd jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;thahdJ 8.1 fpkP gazpj;J

ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;Fk; khw;Wg;ghij vLj;J gpd;G LB gpujhd fhy;tha;f;Fs; kjfpd; 100 kP fPo;Nehf;fpa ghijf;Fs;shf tpOfpwJ (njtFt toq;Fk; fhy;tha;). gpd;G mJ njtFt ePu;toq;Fk; fhy;thapDhlhf 13.3 fpkP y; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,uz;lhtJ tpOjy; fl;likg;gpd; Nky;Nehf;fpa ghijapd; xU Gs;sp tiuf;Fk; gazk;nra;J gpd;G fNynty I Nehf;fpj; jpirjpUk;gp ffy;y gy;Nyfy fhl;L ghJfhg;G gFjpA+lhfg; gazpj;J ffy;y gy;Nyfy;y ruzhyaj;jpYs;s xU iftplg;gl;l Fskhfpa kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F 700 kP ePskhd fhy;thA+lhfr; nry;fpwJ. ff;tJd Xah kw;Wk; kP Xah tbepyq;fisg; gpupf;Fk; ePNue;J Gs;spapd; cau;Gs;spapy ,J mike;Js;sJld; ,yf;F itf;Fk; gFjpfSf;F ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; gha;it fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F kpf Kf;fpa xd;whf cs;sJ. ,uz;L jpirjpUg;g fl;likg;Gf;fs; Kd;nkhopag;gl;ld. xd;W ff;tJd Xah

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F ePiu toq;Fk; LBd; kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fk;> kw;waJ Nky; kP Xahit njhlu;e;J gpujhd jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;tha; KbtilAk; ,lkhd nghj;Jtpy rpW

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F gha;r;riy toq;Fk; RB ,y; mike;Js;sJ.

nghj;Jtpy ePuj;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J xU Gjpa RB ePu;toq;Fk; fhy;tha; Gwg;gl;L Nky; kP

Xahtpd; RB rpwpa Fsj;njhlu;fSf;F ePu; toq;FfpwJ. mNjNtisapy; xU Gjpa LB kjthdJ fPo; ePNuhl;lg; ghijapy; mike;Js;s tTNyt rpW ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F ePiu toq;Fk; kP Xah Clhf ePiu ,izf;fpwJ. Nky; nkjpaht tbepyj;jpd; rpwpa ePu;j;Njf;fj; njhlu;fSf;F ePu; toq;Ftjw;fhf tTy;ntt ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; xU Gjpa ePu;nfhLf;Fk; fhy;tha; cs;sJ.

gpujhd jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;thapd; ePsk; 35.4 fpkP mj;Jld; RB Nky; kP Xah njhFjpf;fhd ePu; toq;Fk; fhy;tha; 25.9 fpkP MfTk; kw;Wk; Nky; nkjpntt njhFjpf;fhd ePu; toq;Fk; fhy;tha; 15.5 fpkP MfTk; cs;sJ.

,e;j Kd;nkhoptpd; ed;ikfs; jPikfs; Mfpatw;iw gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz epuw;gLj;JfpwJ:


28

ml;ltiz 2-1 khw;W Kd;nkhopTfspd; xg;gPL

fUj;J Kd;nkhopT jPikfs; ed;ikfs;

01 CECB d; ,uz;lhtJ nghtj;jd epyf;fPo;g; ghijAldhd Kd;nkhopT. ,e;j Kd;nkhopthdJ ,uz;L kpd; epiyaq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. jpirjpUg;Gk; fhy;thahdJ xU fpis Mwhf ,Ug;gJld; nghJtpy> ff;tJd Xah kw;Wk; nkjpntt Fsq;fSf;F ePiu toq;Fjy;.

8fpkP Ruq;fg;ghijapd; cau; nrytPdk;. khw;wpaikg;gjw;F Nghjpa ePu; ,y;iy. mjd; tpisthf kpd; cw;gj;jp ,aYikahdJ fLikahff; FiwfpwJ. ,e;j Nrkpg;G ePuj;Njf;fq;fSk; Kd;nkhopag;gltpy;iy. Mdhy; jpirjpUg;gYf;fhd ePuhdJ rpy khjq;fspd; nghONj fpilf;fpwJ. Nky; kP Xah tbepykhdJ gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpia mjpfupg;gjw;fhf xU Gjpa ePu; %yq;fspidj; Njitg;gLj;Jk; ngupa fpuhkf; Fsq;fspd; njhlupidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. MdhYk; Kd;nkhopTfs; vy;yhk; mj;Njitiag; G+u;j;jp nra;atpy;iy. Gjpa 8fpkP epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; cau; nrytpdkhdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j fpuaj;ij mjpfupf;fr; nra;fpwJ.

fhzpr; Rtpfupg;Gg; gpur;rpidfs; FiwT. fopTfis rl;lj;Jf;F khwhf vLg;gjw;F rhj;jpak; FiwT. Vw;fdNt cs;s tptrha epyq;fSf;F Nrjhuk; FiwT. ,aw;if #oypd; rhjfkhd tho;tplq;fSf;F Nrjk; FiwT.

02 njtFt Fsj;jpypUe;J kP Xah kw;Wk; ff;tJd Xahtpw;fhd khw;Wiff; fhy;tha;

Montl;Lif kw;Wk; epyf;fPo;g; ghij mjPjkhf ,Uj;jy;. ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpd; Montl;Lif epkpj;jkhd Rw;whly; jPikfs;. njtFttpypUe;jhd ePuhdJ ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij ,ltpay; tiuaiwfSld; nrd;wiltjpy;iy. ( ,yf;Fg; gFjpapd; kpfEz;zpag; Gs;sp).

njtFt kw;Wk; ,yf;Fg; gFjpfSf;Fkpilapyhd FWfpa Jhuk;. Gjpa fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; ,y;iy.

03 jk;Gs;s XahtpypUe;J nghJtpy Fsj;jpw;fhd khw;Wiff; fhy;tha;

fhzpr; Rtpfupg;G gpur;ridfs; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ghij topNa mjpfhu G+u;tkhf ePu; ngWtjw;fhd ,aYik. ffy;y-gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shd ePuj;Njf;fq;fspd; epkpj;jkhf tho;tpl ,og;G kw;Wk; tho;tplq;fs; juk; Fiwjy;. fhy;tha; kw;Wk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; epkpj;jkhf kpUfq;fspd; elkhl;lj;jpy; tiuaiw.

Fiwe;j %yjdk; kw;Wk; gupghypg;Gr; nryTfs;. rpwpa kpd; epiyaj;jhy; xJf;fg;gl;l 100 MCM Ig; gad;gLj;jf; $bakhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,lmiktpaiyg; nghWj;J ntkby;y tpw;fhd mjd; ghij topNa gy Fsq;fs; ed;ikailAk;. Nky; kP Xah tbepyj;jpd; rpWFsj; njhFjpfs; mjpfupf;fg;glf; $baJ. ,uz;L Nrkpg;G ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; cUthf;fj;jpw;F Kd;nkhopT MNyhrid toq;FfpwJ. (kfhfpJy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy) ,itfs; Kiwikapy; Kfikj;Jtj;jpd; nefpo;r;rpj; jd;ikia mjpfuppf;Fk;. ,e;j ,uz;L Nrkpg;G ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSk; fhyepiy khWk; tpisTfSf;F Kfq;nfhLg;gjpy; mjpfk; Rw;whly; uPjpahf ePbj;J epiyj;jpUf;Fk; tifapy; cs;sd. gUtf; fhyj;jpd; nghOJk; fhl;L


29

tpyq;FfSf;F ,uz;L ePuj;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fspypUe;J ePu; fpilf;ff; $bajha; ,Uj;jy;. ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fisr; #oTs;s cau; ePu;g; ghj;jpfspd; epkpj;jkhf ,aw;if tho;tplq;fs; tsKilajhf ,Uj;jy;.

NtWgl;l jpirjpUg;gy; topg;ghijf;fhd kjpg;gPL

NWPy; ,yf;Fg; gFjpf;F ePiu khw;wpaDg;Gtjw;F NkNy tptupf;fg;gl;lthwhf %d;W njupTfs; guprPypf;fg;gl;ld.

MNyhrfu;fs; Nkw;gb %d;W njupTfspdJk; ed;ikfisAk; jPikfisAk; guprPypj;jJld; gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fSf;fhf %d;whtJ njupitNa kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdnjd rpghupR nra;jdu;.

Fiwe;j %yjdk; kw;Wk; gupghypg;Gr; nryTfs;. KjyhtJ njuptpd; fPo; cj;Njr Gjpa ,uz;lhtJ Nghtj;jidapypUe;jhd epyf;fPo;r; Ruq;fg; ghijapypUe;J 8 fpkP ePskhdJ %yjdf; fpuaj;jpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk;.

rpwpa kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ NWPw;F jpirjpUg;GjYf;fhf xJf;fg;gl;l 100 MCM I Gjpa fhy;thapd; cau;nrytpdr; Rikapy; tplhkNy gad;gLj;jf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

,l miktpaiyg; nghWj;J ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd topg;ghij topNa rpwpa Fsq;fSf;F ePu; toq;ff; $bakjf ,Uf;Fk;. Nkyjpf ePu; %yj;jpd; mtruj; Njitahf cs;s Nky; kP Xah tbepyj;jpd; rpwpa Fsj;njhFjpfs; ePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;.

ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shf cUthf;fg;gl;l ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; (kfhfpJy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy) vd;gd ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shd tdtpyq;FfSf;F tho;tplkhf nraw;gLk; Vnddpy; ,e;j ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; jsk;gYWk; ePu;kl;lkhdJ ahidfSf;F tpUk;gg;gLk; tho;tplkhfpa jl;ilahd Gy;f; fhzpfis cUthf;Fk; (c.k; kpd;Ndupah ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ,e;j tpjkhd Gy; epyq;fis ePu;kl;lk; fPNo nry;Yk; NghJ cUthf;FtJld; ,J mNdfkhd ahidf; $l;lq;fspdhy; ftug;gLfpwJ.). NkYk; ,e;j Fsq;fshdit ahidfspd; ePu;j;Njitfis G+u;j;jp nra;tJld; tpNrlkhf cyu;fhyg; gFjpapd; nghOJ Vida kpUfq;fspd; ePu;j;NjitiaAk; G+u;j;jp nra;fpwJ. ,J kdpj ahid Kuz;ghl;il Fiwf;Fk;.

,yf;Fg; gFjpapy; Fsq;fspd; cauj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;thahdJ cau;epiy cauj;ij vLf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. Gtpapd; ,lmiktpaiyg; guprPypf;Fk; nghOJ khw;Wf; fhy;tha; topg;ghijahdJ rhj;jpakw;wjhf cs;sJ.

2.1.1 khw;W eltbf;if ,y;iy

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,yf;Fg; gFjpahdJ kP Xah tbepyk; kw;Wk; ff;tJd Xah tbepyk; cau; nrd;wilAk; gFjpfshFk; (njJW Xah tbepyj;jpd; xU cg tbepyk;). ,e;j tbepyg;gFjpapy; gy ngupa kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSk; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd Fsq;fSk; njhFjpfshf mike;Js;sd. ruhrupg; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ fpuhkf; Fsq;fSf;fhf 0.9I tplf Fiwthff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jg; gFjpahhdJ nrhe;j ePNue;Jg; gFjpapypUe;jhd cl;gha;itj; jtpu NtW ve;j ePu; %yq;fisAk; vg;NghJk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. ,e;jf; fpuhkf; Fsq;fspd; twpa tptrhapfs; gy jrhg;jq;fshf jkJ tho;thjhuj;ij cau;j;Jtjw;fhf Nkyjpf ePu; %ynkhd;iw Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jpUe;jdu;.


30

mt;Ntz;LNfhshdJ khtl;l murpay;thjpfSlhf FunyYg;gg;gl;l nghOjpYk; xU eilKiwj; jPthdJ cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.

eltbf;if khw;wPL xd;Wk; iff;nfhs;sg;glhJ tpbd; ,g;gFjp kf;fspd; tho;thjhukhdJ jw;NghJs;sJ Nghd;W fPo;kl;lj;jpNyNa ,Uf;Fk;. NkYk; mtu;fs; fhyepiy khw;wj;jpd; jhf;fj;Jld; NkYk; rthy;fis vjpu;nfhs;sf; $Lk;. MfNt ,e;j njupthdJ #oiy Kd;Ndw;wkhl;lhJ vd;gJld; ,yf;Fg; gFjpapy; thOk; tptrhapfspd; tho;thjhuj;ijAk; Kd;Ndw;;w khl;lhJ. mj;Jld; ePz;lfhyg; Nghf;fpy; Rw;whly; ePbf;Fk; jd;ikapy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. Vnddpy; ,g;gFjpapy; ePu;g;gha;r;rg;gl;l tptrhaj;jpd; efuhj Njq;F epiyapd; epkpj;jkhf Rw;whly; ePbj;J epiyf;Fk; jd;ikia ,J ghjpf;Fk;.

2.2 cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lk;

2.2.1 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngaUk; miktplKk;

‘FUzhfiy khtl;lj;jpy; Nky; kP Xahkw;Wk; ff;tJd Xah tbepyq;fSf;F kfhtyp

ePiu jpir jpUg;Gjy; tlNky; khfhz fUj;jpl;lk; vd Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.’

cj;Njr jpirjpUg;gyhdJ khj;jis khtl;lj;jpYs;s nydNlhuhtpYs;s jw;Nghija Nghtj;jid ePu;g;ghrd epyf;fPo; ghijapd; ntspg;ghijapd; fPo;ePu;g;ghijapd; fpl;lj;jl;l 1 fpkP Jhuj;jpYs;s xU Gs;spapypUe;J njhlq;FfpwJ. xU fpisf; fhy;thahdJ jpirjpUg;gg;gl;l ePiu FUzhfy khl;lj;jpYs;s ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;F khw;WfpwJ. cz;ikapy; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lkhdJ cU 2.1y; tptupf;fg;gl;l Kd;nkhoptpy; nrhy;yg;gl;litfspd; xU tpUj;jpahf ,Ug;gJld; FUzhfy khtl;lj;jpYs;s mjpf ePiu Nrkpg;Gf;Fk; mDkjpf;fpwJ. ePu;r;rkdpiy Ma;tpNy ePuj;Njf;fq;fs; Nghd;w ePu; Nrkpg;Gf; fl;likg;Gf;fspd; Njit cs;sjhf ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ePu;r;Nrkpg;ghdJ Vw;gl;L tUk; fhyepiy khw;wj;Jld; NkYk; epahag;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ePuhdJ jw;NghJs;s ff;tJd Xah

ePu;j;Njf;fk; (,aYik 24.3 MCM) kw;Wk; FUzhfiy khtl;lj;jpYs;s Gjpa ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrdk; kw;Wk; FbePu;j;Njitfspd; gpufhuk; ff;tJdXah tbepyk; Nky; kP Xah tbepyk; vd;gtw;wpd; Fsq;fSf;F Nrkpj;J tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;.

jpirjpUg;gg;gl;l ePuhdJ cj;Njr kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fk; (,e;j fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 15 MCM MdJ Nrkpf;fg;gLtjw;fhf jpUj;jg;gLfpwJ) mj;Jld; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fk; (,e;j

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 10 MCM MdJ Nrkpf;fg;gLtjw;fhf Kd;Ndw;wg;;gLfpwJ) vd;gjw;fhf ePu; Nrkpf;fg;gLk;.

Nrkpg;G ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;fhf khw;W miktplq;fs; NtW miktplq;fspy; fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; ,Wjp miktplq;fs; ,lmiktpaiyf; nfhz;L jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;ld.


31

cU 2-3 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nghJthd jscUtj; jpl;lk;


32

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapYs;s gpuNjr nrayfk;> gpuNjr rig kw;Wk; fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupTfs;

khfhzk;; khtl;lk; gpuNjr nrayf gpupT

fpuhk Nrtfu; gpupT gpuNjr rgh Nju;jy; gpupT

tl kj;jpa mEuhjGu gNyfy fYfy gyfy PS Nffpuht

tlNky; FUzhfy vnfl;Lntt tyj;Jt fyfKt PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy vnfl;Lntt ,fy vnghfk fyfKt PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy vnfl;Lntt fJuntt fyfKt PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk jyjgpba nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk nghfutj;j nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk fy;fpupaht nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk jk;Gtl;Ltd nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk epae;jtd;a nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk fjpfKt nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk mKd;nfhNy nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk gy;Nyfy nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk nghy;gpjpfk nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk Fk;Gfy;t nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk Nghfy;y nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht nfhfk;gflnty kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht gKDfk kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht ,fyfk kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht gf;kPfftj;j kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht al;bfk kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht nfhdntt kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht fl;lk;Gtt kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht fpupkpbaht kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht fuk;Ng kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht gypfk kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht jpTyt kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht fUty;fftj;j kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk Gyept nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk nkhunfhy;fk nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk fyfpbaht nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk nghJtpy nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk jk;Ng nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk Nfuj;fk nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

kj;jpa khj;jis jk;Gs;s ntykpbaht jk;Gs;s PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis jk;Gs;s ypahdhNlh tlf;F jk;Gs;s PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis jk;Gs;s vj gd;bntt jk;Gs;s PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis jk;Gs;s gd;dk;gpba jk;Gs;s PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis eTy cre;jht eTy PS yfy;y


33

khfhzk;; khtl;lk; gpuNjr nrayf gpupT fpuhk Nrtfu; gpupT gpuNjr rgh Nju;jy; gpupT

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty gpg ,Jdfk fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty gfy gk;gt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty fpak;gyfnty fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty jk;gnfhy fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty gg;guf];ntt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty nfh];nghj fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty gYnfhg;gt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty udntjpaht fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty jd;Laha fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty eglfftj;j fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty nfhk;gntt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty mYj;ntt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty ty];ntt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty tPufy;tj;j fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty ypahdhNlh njw;F jk;Gs;s PS jk;Gs;s

tlNky; FUzhfy vfl;Lntt tyj;ntt fyfKt PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy vfl;Lntt ,fy ,k;Nghfk fyfKt PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy vfl;Lntt fJuntt fyfKt PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk jyj;gpba nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk nghfutj;j nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk fy;fpupaht nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk jk;Gtl;Ltd nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk epae;jhtda nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk fjpfKt nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk mKDfy nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk gy;Nyfy nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk nghy;gpjpfk nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk Fk;GFYt nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk nghfy;y nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht nfhNfhk;gf;lhty kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht gKDfk kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht ,fyfk kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht gfpkPfftj;j kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht al;bfk kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht nfhdntt kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht fl;lk;Gtt kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht fpupkpbaht kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht fuk;Ng kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht ngapypfk kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht jpTy;ntt kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy kfht fUty;fftj;j kfht PS ahg;gh$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk Gydntt nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk nkhufy;fk nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk fyfpbaht nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;gh$t


34

khfhzk;; khtl;lk; gpuNjr nrayf gpupT fpuhk Nrtfu; gpupT gpuNjr rgh Nju;jy; gpupT

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk nghJtpy nghy;gpjpfk PS ahg;g$t

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk jk;Ng nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

tlNky; FUzhfy nghy;gpjpfk Nfuj;fk nghy;gpjpfk PS fy;fKt

kj;jpa khj;jis jk;Gs;s ty;kpbaht jk;Gs;s PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis jk;Gs;s ypahdhNlh tlf;F jk;Gs;s PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis jk;Gs;s vj gd;bntt jk;Gs;s PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis jk;Gs;s gd;dk;gpba jk;Gs;s PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis eTy cre;jht eTy PS yfy

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty gpgpJd;fk fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty gfy gk;gt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty rpak;gyffnty fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty jk;gnfhy;y fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty gk;guf];ntt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty nfh\;nghj fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty gY fk;Gt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty ud;ntjpaht fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty jd;Laha fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty eglfftj;j fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty nfhk;gtt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty mYj;ntt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty ty];ntt fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis fynty tPufy;ntl;l fynty PS jk;Gs;s

kj;jpa khj;jis jk;Gs;s ypahdhNlh njw;F jk;Gs;s PS jk;Gs;s

2.2.2 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; cl;$Wfspd; tpgupg;G

kP Xah kw;Wk; ff;tJd Xah tbepyq;fspdJ ePupd; jpirjpUg;gj;ij ,U fl;lq;fshf elhj;j cj;Njrpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

fl;lk; 1: njJW Xah ePu; tbepyj;jpy; fft;tJd Xah ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lj;jpw;F ehye;j

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;jhd fpl;lj;jl;l 30 MCM I jpirjpUg;Gjy;. kP Xah tbepyj;jpd; eNue;J gpuNjrj;jpy; tyf;fiug; gFjpapd; rpy gFjpapYs;s rpwpa ,ilj;ju Fsq;fSf;Fk; jpirjpUg;Gjy;.

fl;lk; 2: kw;WnkhU 100 MCM ePupid tUlhe;jk; Nghtj;jd ePu;g;ghrd epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; fPo; ePnuhl;lj;jpypUe;J 2019y; nkhuffe;j kw;Wk; fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; Nky; vynfu fhy;tha; G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;lJk; Nky; kP Xah ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lj;jpw;F jpirjpUg;Gjy;.

xt;nthU fl;lj;jpw;Fk; Njitahd cl;fl;likg;Gj; Njitg;ghLfs; fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd.


35

fl;lk; 1 – ehye;j – ntkby;y – njtFt toq;Fk; fhy;tha; - ff;tJd Xah jpirjpUg;gk;

ntkby;y Clhf ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J ePiu jpirjpUg;Gk; Kjyhk; fl;l mgptpUj;jpf;Fj; Njitahd cl;fl;likg;Gf;fs;.

,e;jf; fl;lj;jpd; fPo; ff;tJd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fk; (2580 n`f;Nlau; epyj;Jf;F ePu;g; gha;r;RtJ) ,ypUe;jhd jpirjpUg;gj;jpy; ePiu Nrkpg;gjw;fhf Nky; kP Xah tbepyj;jpy; mike;Js;s kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fj;ijg; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;tjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;;lJld; kpFjpahdij kP Xah tbepyk; (nkhj;jkhf 500 n`f;Nlau; epyj;Jf;F ePu;g;gha;r;RtJ) MdJ rpwpa ePu;j;njhFjpapYk; Nrkpf;fg;gl cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J gpd;tUk; epu;khzj;ij cs;slf;Fk;.


36

cU 2-4 NWP kw;Wk; Nky; vynfu fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ePu; toq;fy; tupg;glk;


37

fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfs;

1) njtFt toq;Fk; fhy;tha;f;F 10 m3/sec Nkyjpf ePiu toq;Ftjw;F ntbkby;y

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; xU Gjpa LB kjF epu;khzpj;jy; (jw;NghJs;s LB kjfhdJ

mz;zsthf 5 m3/nrf;fDf;F cau;e;jgl;rk; toq;ff;$bajhf cs;sJ.).

2) jw;NghJs;s LBMC/njtFth toq;Fk; fhy;thia ,izg;gjw;F ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; Gjpa kjfpypUe;J xU Gjpa fhy;thia epu;khzpj;jy;

3) 10 m3/nrf;fDf;F xj;j ,aYikAld; $ba cj;Njr jpirjpUg;gypy; ,Ue;J

Nkyjpf tpLtpg;Gf;F Jiz nra;tjw;fhf fpl;lj;jl;l 5 km ePskhd xU toq;Fk; fhy;thahfpa jw;NghJs;s NjtFth toq;Fk; fhy;tha;f;F Kd;Ndw;wq;fisr; nra;jy;. ,J xU Neu;Nfhl;L fhy;thahf gLf;if mfyk; 3 kPw;wiuf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. cj;Njr Kd;Ndw;wq;fshtd fhy;tha; gLf;ifia mfypj;jy;> fiu cauj;ij mjpfupj;jy; kw;Wk; fhy;thapd; fl;likg;G Njitg;gLk;

Kd;Ndw;wq;fSld; xOq;fikj;jy;.

4) FUzhfiy khtl;lj;jpd; nghy;gpj;jpfk gpuNjr nrayu; gpuptpYs;s f`y;y

gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpYs;s 700 kPw;wu; ePskhd epyf;fPo; fhy;tha; Clhf 10 m3/ nrf;fDf;F kPs; tpLtpg;igf; nfhz;l tbtikg;Gld; Nky; kP Xah tbepyj;jpd; kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F NjtFth toq;fy; fhy;thapypUe;J 17 kPw;wu; ePskhd

xU jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;tha;. ,J xU Nfhl;L tbtf; fhy;thahf ,Uf;Fk;

5) Njitg;gLk; 15 MCM Nkyjpf fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; trjpia cUthf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf f`y;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpYs;s mope;JNghd kfhfpj;Jy

ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij (15 MCM, mizf;fl;L cauk; mz;zsthf 26kPw;wu;> ePu; gug;G gFjp 190 nff;Nlau;) kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij Gdu;epu;khzk; nra;jy; mj;Jld;

`f;tw;Wd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; LB kjF fl;likg;gpd; epu;zkhzk; cl;gl rpW

Fsq;fspd; Nky; kP Xah njhFjpapd; ePiu tpLtpg;gjw;F RB kjF fPo; ePNuhl;lg;gFjpf;F kP Xah Clhf toq;Ftjw;F nghj;JtpyNtt Tf;F ,il kjF kw;Wk; kP Xahit Nehf;fp tpLtpg;gjw;fhf xU tope;J frpAk; fl;likg;G vd;gd cl;gl. kfhfpj;JyNtth MdJ f`y;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpy; xU kPWg;gl;l kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l FskhFk;. kfhfpj;JyNttpd; Gdu; epu;khz Ntiyfspy; ,e;j mope;JNghd ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij Kw;W KOjhf Gdu;epu;khzk; nra;tJ cs;slq;FfpwJ. ,q;Nf xU ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; xU Nfhl;L tbtf; fhy;thahf ,Uf;Fk; kpFjpfSk; fl;likg;gpd; kpFjpfSNk cs;sd.

6) kfhfpj;Jy Ntttpd; ,il kjfpypUe;J `f;tw;Wd Fsk; kw;Wk; nghj;Jtpy

Fsj;jpw;F ePiu tpepNahfpf;Fk; xU Gjpa ,ul;ilg; gpsT fl;likg;Gf;F 0.16km

ePsKila xU Gjpa fhy;thia epu;khzpj;jy;.

7) kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J kP Xahtpd; xU fpisahw;Wf;F FWf;Nf ,Uf;Fk; xU rpwpa Fskhfpa kfhjk;Ng vdg;gLk; Fsj;jpw;F 1 fp.kP. ePskhd xU Gjpa fhy;thia mikj;jy; ,e;jf; FskhdJ kfhfpUy fhy;tha;f;fhd xU flitAld;

Kd;Ndw;wg;gLk;. ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shf 5.5 m3/s mDg;Gk; ,aYikia cila xU kz;fhy;tha; MFk;.

8) kfhjk;NgapypUe;J kfhfpUyNtth Mfpa f`y;y gy;Nyry ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;Ns

mike;Js;s kfhfpUyNtthTf;fhd xU Gjpa ½ km ePskhd ,izg;Gf;fhy;tha;. ,t; ,izg;Gf;fhy;tha; MdJ xU kz; fhy;thahFk;

9) kfhfpUyNtthtpid fpl;lj;jl;l 10 MCM Jbg;ghd Nrkpg;ghf;Ftjw;fhf

Kd;Ndw;wq;fisr; nra;jy;. ,e;jf; FskhdJ Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; nra;j gpw;ghL 152 ha

ePu; guTk; gFjpiaf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jw;NghJs;s ePu;guTk; gFjpahdJ 7.2 ha

MFk;. mizf;fl;bd; cauk; MdJ 6 m - 23 m Mf mjpfupf;fg;gL;k;.

10) kfhfpUy Fsj;jpypUe;J 22 kPw;wu; ePsj;jpyhd ngupa jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;tha; (Nky; kP XahthdJ vfw;WNtth gpuNjr nrayu;gpupT rpW Fsj;njhFjpfSf;F ePu;


38

toq;FtjhFk;. xU Neu;Nfhl;L fhy;thahf ,Ug;gJld; kfhfpUy Fsj;jpypUe;J 4

m3/sec ePiu vLf;Fk; ,aYikiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. NtnwhU Gjpa

Neu;Nfhl;Lf;fhy;thahfpa cila 9 m3/sec fhy;thahdJ kfhfpj;Jy Fsj;jpypUe;J Muk;gpj;jpUg;gJd; `f;tw;Wd Xah ,aw;if tbepyq;fSf;F ePu; toq;FtJld; ,Wjpahf `f;tw;Wd Xah tbepyq;fSf;F ePiu toq;FfpwJ.

fl;lk; 2 –jw;NghJs;s Nghtw;Wd epyf;fPo; topapd; fPo; ePNuhl;lg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J kP Xah tbepyj;jpw;fhd kfhtyp ePupd; jpirjpUg;gy;

fl;lk; 2 ,d; mgptpUj;jpapd; jpirjpUg;gy;fs; fPNo fhl;lg;gl;lthwhf fpUyNtth er;rJt EtuNtth Nghd;w ePu;g;ghrdj; Njitfspd; khw;Wiff;fhf Nky; vyfu fhy;thAld;

rhjpf;fg;glf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. NWP,d; fPo; 9,000 ha fSf;F Cl;Ltjw;fhf ,J cs;sJ> ,uz;lhk; fl;lj;jpd; Nghtw;Wd kfhfpj;Jy> nkbahtj; njhFjp kw;Wk; kPa Xah> mk;gf;nfhyNtth> mj;jufy kw;Wk; gs;Yflty ePu;;j;Njf;fq;fs; ,tw;Wf;F topg;gLj;Jk; rpW Fsq;fSld; rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ.

fUj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghLfs;

1) jw;NghJs;s NjtFth toq;Fk; fhy;tha;f;F (ntkby;y ,lJgf;fj;jpw;F gpujhd

fhy;tha;) tUlhe;jk; 100 MCM ia toq;Ftjw;F ,izg;gjw;F nydNlhuhTf;F mUfpYs;s Nghtw;Wd epyf;fPo; ghijapd; fPo; ePNuhl;l xU miktplj;jpy; jk;Gs;s Xahtpw;F FWf;Nf xU rpwpa mizAs;sJ

2) 8.6km ePskhd xU Gjpa Neu;Nfhl;Lf; fhy;thahdJ Gjpa jpirjpUg;g rpW

mizf;fl;bypUe;J LBMC. Ntkby;y tiuf;Fk; ,izf;fpwJ.

3) kfhfpj;Jy tiuapypUe;J nghj;JtpyNtthtpw;F; 3 fp.kP. ePskhd Gjpa

jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;tha;. nghj;JtpyNtthTf;fhd Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;; xU Gjpa LB fl;likg;G cl;gl nkbaht kw;Wk; ahg;g$th gFjpapYs;s Kiwikj; njhFjpf;F toq;Ftjw;fhf xU fhy;tha;

4) kP Xah tyJ fiuapYs;s rpW Fsj;njhFjpfspd; kpFjpfSf;F toq;Ftjw;fhf

NkYk; 7.5km ePsj;jpy; kfhfpUy jpl;lj;jpd; toq;Ftjw;fhf RB1fhy;tha;

5) vfw;WNttht gpuNjr rig gFjpapy; fJWNtth Fsj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;.

jw;NghJs;s fl;likg;gpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba jpUj;jq;fSk; Kd;Ndw;wq;fSk;

jw;NghJs;s ntkby;y Ntth> eglf];Ntth nghj;Jtpy Ntth> kfh jk;Ng kw;Wk; kfh fpUy Fsq;fs; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; rpy Kd;Ndw;wq;fSk; glj;jpy; fPNo fhl;lg;gl;lthwhf Kd;nkhopag;gLfpd;wd.

ePu;g;ghrdf; fl;likg;G

njhopw;ghL jpUj;jq;fs; /Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;

ntkby;yNtth Nrkpf;fg;gl;l ePuhdJ ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J tUtJld; ntkby;y jpl;lj;jpd; NjtFth Cl;Lk; fhy;tha;f;F tpLtpf;fg;gLfpwJ

LB apy; Gjpa caukhd cau;kl;l kjF epu;khzpj;jy; ntkby;ytpd; jw;NghJs;s LBMC ia ,izg;gjw;F Gjpa kjfpypUe;J 0.6km fhy;tha; Gjpa fhy;tha; epu;khzk; ntsptpLk; ,aYikia mjpfupg;gjw;fhf jw;NghJs;s LBMC ia Kd;Ndw;Wjy; (NjtFth Cl;Lk; fhy;tha;) ntsptpLk; ,aYikia mjpfupg;gjw;fhf jw;NghJs;s LBMC ia Kd;Ndw;Wjy;


39

(NjtFth Cl;Lk; fhy;tha;) eglf];Ntth

flg;G Fsf;fl;Lf;fhd Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; cl;Gw kw;Wk; ntspr;nry;Yk; thapy;fs; fl;bf; nfhLf;fg;gLjy;

kfhjk;Ng kfhfpj;Jy kfhfpUy ,ilapyhd flit

mizf;fl;Lf;fhd rpwpa jpUj;jq;fs; kw;Wk; mupj;Jg;Nghd gFjpfisg; gyg;gLj;jg;gly; kjitAk; tope;JNghjiyAk; jpUj;Jjy;

kfhfpUy tyJ fiuapYs;s kP Xah Fsj;jpYs;s Fsj;njhFjp RB 1 ePiu tpLtpf;Fk; ePHj;Njf;fj;jpw;F toq;fy;

Nrkpg;G ,aYikia mjpfupf;fr; nra;tjw;fhf jw;NghJs;s ePu;j;Njf;fq;fis mjpfupj;jy;

nghj;JtpyNtth kfhfpj;Jy Fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUk; ePiur; Nrkpj;jYk; cupa kP Xahg;gFjpapYs;s ahg;g$th gFjp Nghd;w nkbaht gFjpfspy; rpW Fsj;njhFjpfSf;F ePu; nrYj;Jtjw;fhf kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUk; ePupidr; Nrkpj;jy;

tope;JNghtjw;F Kd;Ndw;wk; mspj;jy; Vw;fdNt cs;s kjFfis Kd;Ndw;Wjy;


40

cU 2-5 kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; epow;jpl;l glk;


41

Project Layout map including main features


42

fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l fl;likg;Gf;fspd; RUf;fk;

cj;Njr jpirjpUg;gYf;F rk;ge;jg;gl;l 122 nfhq;fpwPl;l fl;likg;Gf;fs; gpd;tUkhW

Njitg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mitahtd:

gpujhd fl;likg;G vz; tPjpf; flitfs; kw;Wk; ghyq;fs; 52

ePu; ,iwf;Fk; fl;likg;Gf;fs;; 41 jpir jpUg;gy;rpW mizf;fl;Lf;fs; 1

cs;nsLf;Fk; nghwpKiw 1

flf;Fk; fl;likg;Gf;fs; 10

fhy;tha; ghyq;fs; 6

kjFfs; 5

tope;NjhLgitfs; 2

tbfhy; flitfs; 2

Gifapujf; flitfs; 1

epyf;fPo; ghijfs; 1

nkhj;jk; 122

2.2.3 xJf;fPLfs;

cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lkhdJ NtWgl;l tpLtpf;Fk; ,aYikiaf; nfhz;l gy vz;zpf;ifahd fhy;tha;fSld; ngUk; epyg;gug;Gf;fSf;F tpahgpj;j ePu;j;Njf;fq;fisAk; cs;slf;FfpwJ. fhy;tha;fspd; cupa NgZiff;F ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; xOq;F tpjpfSf;fika Njitg;gLk; ePu; xJf;fPLfis itj;jpUf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. ml;ltiz 2.2 ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fspy; itj;jpUf;fg;gl Ntz;ba ePu; xJf;fPLfis fhl;LtJld; ePNuhilfs; kw;Wk; MWfSf;fhd xJf;fPLfis ml;ltiz 2.3 fhl;LfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 2-2 fhy;tha;fSf;fhd xJf;fPLfs;

tplak; nkhj;j xJf;fPL

O kw;Wk; M tPjpapd; gf;fkhd fhy;thapd; kj;jpaf; Nfhl;bypUe;jhd xJf;fPL

mbfs; kPw;wu;fs; mb kPw;wu;fs;

1 12 mbfs; (3.7kP) Yk; Nkyhd

my;yJ rkdhd BW I nfhz;l ePu;g;gLf;iffis cila gpujhd fhy;tha;

132 40 80 25

2 8 mbfs; (2.4kP) Yk; Nkyhd my;yJ rkdhd Mdhy; 12

121 40 70 20


43

mbapYk; Fiwthd BW I nfhz;l gpujhd fhy;tha;

3 8 mbfspYk; Fiwthd gLf;if mfyj;ij cila gpujhd fhy;tha;

99 30 60 18

4 fpisf; fhy;tha; 66 20 40 12

5 toq;Fk; fhy;tha; 44 14 32 10

6 fsf; fhy;tha; 33 10 24 8

7 12 mb (3.7kP) mfyKila tPjp top

33 10

8 18 mb (5.5kP) mfyKila tPjptop

44 14

10 ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs;/Fsq;fs;

mizf;fl;bd; fPo;ePNuhl;lk; mbf;Nfhl;bypUe;J mizf;fl;bd; cauj;jp; ehd;F klq;Ffs;

Fsg;gLf;if mizf;fl;bd; cr;rp kl;l vy;iyf;Nfhl;by; tUk; vy;yhg; gFjpfSk;

%yk;: ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; Rw;Wep&g ,yf;fk; 10/1986

ml;ltiz 2-3 ePNuhilfs; kw;Wk; MWfSf;fhd xJf;fPLfs;

ePNuhil/Mw;wpd; msT

xt;nthU fiuapypUe;jhd xJf;fPLfs;

mb kPw;wu;fs;

1 15 mbapYk; Fiwthd mfykhd rpwpa gLf;iffs; 66 20

2 15-50 mbf;F ,ilg;gl;l mfykhd eLj;jukhd gLf;iffs;

128 40

3 50mbf;Fk; mjpfkhd mfyKila gpujhd Mw;Wg;gLf;iffs;

198 60

%yk;: 15/10/1948 jpfjpaplg;gl;l 9912,yf;fKila mur fhzp xOf;ftpjpfs;


44

2.2.4 epu;khz Kiwapay;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd cl;$Wfshtd: (i) FUzhfy khtl;lj;jpd; ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpYs;s kfhfpJy Fsj;jpw;F ePiu mDg;Gtjw;F nydhNlhuhtpypUe;J (Nghtj;jd

epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; fPo;ePNuhl;lg;gFjp) xU jpirjpUg;Gifia epu;khzpj;jy;. (ii) kfhfpJy Fsk;> kfhfpJy Fsj;jpypUe;J jw;NghJs;s kfhfpUy Fsj;jpw;fhd xUU ,izg;Gf;

fhy;thia epu;khzpj;jy;, (iii) kfhfpUy Fsj;jij kPsikj;jy; kw;Wk; ,ize;Js;s fl;likg;Gf;fSld; ffy;tJd Xah kw;Wk; kP Xahtpw;F tpepNahf fhy;tha; KiwikiaAk; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;jy;. ,e;j fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpYs;s kfhfpJy

ePu;j;Njf;fk; (,aYik 15 MCM) kPsikg;gJld; kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij (,aYik 11

MCM) GdUj;jhuzk; nra;tjpy; <LgLfpwJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ NtWgl;l msTfis nfhz;l 77fPkP fhy;tha;fis epu;khzpg;gjpYk; rk;ge;jg;gLfpwJ. ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpYs;s fpl;lj;jl;l 700 kPw;wu;fs; rpW epyf;fPo;g;ghij xd;Wk;; cs;sJ. ,q;Nf kpd; cw;gj;jp rk;ge;jg;gltpy;iy. gpd;tUk; epu;khz Kiwapay;fs; rk;ge;jg;gLfpd;wd.

epyk; Jg;guT nra;jy; cl;gl ,lj;ij jahupj;jy;:

nghJthf epyj;ij Jg;guT nra;jy; ,lj;ij xOq;fikj;jjd; gpw;ghlhd KjyhtJ eltbf;ifahFk;. fhzp Jg;guT nra;jyhdJ Rw;whlypy; tpNrlkhf mupg;G Vw;glf;$ba #oypy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $ba eltbf;ifaha; cs;sJ. kiof;fhyq;fpsd; nghOJ ntspj;njupag;gLk; Nkw;gug;Gf;fspypUe;J kz;zupg;ig jLg;gjw;fhf cupa Vw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. cz;ikapy; tlNky; gUtg; ngau;r;rpf;fhw;wpd; nghOJ (etk;gupypUe;J ngg;utup tiu) epu;khz Ntiynahd;iw Muk;gpg;gJ Gj;jprhypj;jdkhdjy;y. epu;khzj; jpl;lkplypd; nghOJ gpd;gw;wg;glNtz;ba xU kpfg;ngupa guprPypg;G ,JthFk;.

kizf;fl;L mizfspd; epu;khzj;jpd; nghOJ tl mfopahdJ Kf;fpakhd mk;rkhf cs;sJ. mj;Jld; ,J xU ruptfy;thf cs;sJ. kz; mizfis epu;khzpg;gjpy; tpNrlkhf eL mfopfis mfo;jy;> jpUk;g epug;Gjypd; nghOJ cupa ePupiwj;jy; kw;Wk; tbfhy; trjpfs; Kf;fpakhdJ. eL mfopfisr; nra;tjw;F fl;lk; fl;lkhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSld; gy gpupTfshf tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;l kz;gilfspd; mlu;j;Jjy; Nghd;w epak epu;khz KiwikfSld; nra;tJ Gj;jp rhJu;akhdJ. epu;khzj; njhFjpiar; Nru;e;jtu;fs; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g MNyhrfu;fs; Nghd;w jifik tha;e;j njhopy;thz;ikahsuplkpUe;J njhopy;El;gq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ mizf;fl;LfSf;fhd eL mfopfspd; nghOJ Kf;fpakhdJ. eL mfopfis epu;khzpg;gtu;fspd; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf gf;fr;rha;Tfspd; ];jpuj;jd;ik Kf;fpakhdJ. kiof;fhyg;gFjpfspy; tpNrlkhf gUtg;ngau;r;rpf; fhyq;fspy; epu;khzj;jpl;lkplyhdJ jtpu;f;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

,yf;Fg; gFjpf;F ePiu nfhz;L nry;tjw;F gy gpuNjr nrayfq;fs; Clhf ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ gazpf;Fk; ePz;l fhy;thiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,f;fhy;thia mfo;tjhdJ gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; ghiwntbf;f itj;jYld; rk;ge;jg;gLfpwJ. ntbf;f itj;jy; eltbf;iffshdit Vida nrhj;Jf;fSf;F Nrjk; tpistpg;gij Fiwg;gjw;fhf ghiw ntbf;f itj;jypy; epGzj;Jtk; cilatu;fspd; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly;Ntz;Lk;. fhy;thapd; rpygFjpfshdit rdj;njhif epiwe;j gFjpfshy; gazk; nra;tJ mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpwJ. mg;gFjpfspyhd epu;khz eltbf;iffSf;F mg;gFjpapy; thOk; rpWtu;fs; kw;Wk; tsu;e;NjhUf;fhd ghJfhg;gpy; tpNrl ftdk; Njitg;gLfpwJ.


45

Mo mfy;Tfspy; ftdpf;fg;glNtz;ba kw;WnkhU Kf;fpakhd fhuzpahf ,Ug;gJ mfog;gl;l Nkw;gug;Gfspd; ];jpuj;jd;ik MFk;. mfo;Tfspd; ghJfhg;igAk; ];jpuj;jd;ikiaAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Nghjpa fiug;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G Ntiyfspid jPu;khdpg;gJ fs nghwpapayhsu;fspd; nghWg;ghf cs;sJ.

tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;G ,lj;jpw;Fs;shf ghukhd ,ae;jpuq;fspidg; gad;gLj;jjYk; kw;Wk; Vida kdpj nraw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;tJk; tdtpyq;FfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r ,ilA+Wfis Vw;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;Gj; jppizf;fsj;jpd; fz;fhzpg;G epakq;fisg; G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; tifapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

epu;khz trjp

,uz;L gpujhd ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshd (kfhfpUy kw;Wk; kfhfpJy) ffy;y fy;Nyfy

ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shf cs;sd. ,r;ruzhyakhdJ kw;W KOjhf DWC d; Ml;rp mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; tUtJld; Fsg;gLf;iffis %yg;nghUl;fis mfOk; gFjpfshf cj;Njrpffg;gLfpwJ. %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; gFjjpfspd; Nky; kz;zhdj mfo;e;njLf;fg;gLtJld; Fsg;gLf;if gFjpfspy; ghJfhg;ghf itf;fg;gLk;. ,itfs; Fsf;fl;bd; ePu; fPNohl;lg;gFjpfspy; epytupg;ig jLg;gjw;fhf xU ghJfhg;G Kiwahf G;fs; gjpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;djhf kPs;gad;gLj;jf; $bait. mizf;fl;bd; mr;Rf;fs; ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shf ,Ug;gjdhy; ,e; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s tdtpyq;Fj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; Kd;dq;fPfhuk; mj;jpahtrpakhf cs;sJ. ghukhd ,ae;jpuq;fs; ruzhyag; gFjpapy; epu;khz Ntiyapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ruzhyag;gFjpfspy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l ,ae;jpuq;fshtd xg;ge;j tpjpfspy; vLj;Jr; nrhy;yg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gFjpfSs; ePu; milgLtij jLg;gjw;fhf mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpfSf;F Nghjpa tbfhy; trjpfs; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

FUzhfiy khj;jis Nghd;w khtl;lq;fSf;F Clhf fhy;tha;fis epu;khzpg;gjhdJ gy epu;khzg; gFjpfis rk;ge;jg;gLj;JfpwJ. rhj;jpak; MuhAk; fl;lj;jpy; Muk;gf; fl;lj;jpd; nghOJ %d;W xg;ge;j nghjpfspd; fPo; khfpJy Fsj;jpw;F jk;Gs;stpy; jpirjpUg;g Gs;spapypUe;j fhy;tha; epu;khzj;ij toq;f cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,f;fhy;thahdJ gy fpuhkq;fSlhfg; gazpg;gJld; epu;khzj;ij Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;gjhf fhy;tha; epyg;gFjpapy; trpf;Fk; 69 FLk;gj;jpdu; ,l khw;wk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; Njit cs;sJ. ,e;j eltbf;ifahdJ ftdkhf jpl;lkplg;glNtz;b ,Ug;gJld; nghJkf;fs; Kiwg;ghLfis jtpu;f;Fk; gbahfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. fhy;tha; epu;khzg; gzpfs; njhlUk; nghOJ ghjfhg;G epGzu;fshy; rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l Nghjpa ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs; xg;ge;jfhuu;fshy; toq;fg;gLtJld; rpWtu;fs; mfo;Tf;Fs; tpOjy; Nghd;w rk;gtq;fis jLg;gjw;F xg;ge;jfhuu;fSk; epiwNtw;W Kftu;fSk; eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

fhy;thahdJ ruzhyaj;jpd; Clhf gazpf;Fk; nghOJ fhy;thapd; gf;fr; rhu;Gfshdit fhy;tha;f;Fs; tdtpyq;Ffs; tpOtij jtpu;f;Fk; Kfkhf tbtikf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;;. mtrpakhd ,d;ndhU Kf;fpakhd mk;rk; vd;dntdpy; td capu;fspd; Gyk;ngau; ghijfisAk; ghq;FfisAk; ,J Fog;gf; $lhj tifapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. tbtikg;Gf; FOthdJ Mokhd gFjpfis nfhq;fpuPw;why; %b gpd; nfhq;fpwPw;iw kz;ZhLifahy; %Ltjw;F Kd;nkhope;Js;sJ. NkYk; kpUfq;fs; flf;Fk; fhy;tha;g; gFjpfSk; tbtikf;fg;gl;ls;sd. fhy;tha;g; gFjpfspd; tpguq;fshdit ( jpwe;j fhy;tha;

kw;Wk; ntl;ba %bag; gFjpfs;) kw;Wk; ePsq;fs; vd;gd gpd;zpidg;g VI-I y; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.


46

nry;Yk; tPjpfs;

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd mk;rnkhd;whf ,Ug;gJ FUzhfiy khtl;lj;jpYs;s jk;Gs;s XahtpypUe;J kfhfpJy Fsj;jpw;fhd xU ePz;l ePu; ,izg;Gf; fhy;tha; MFk;. fhy;tha; Xukhf eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; gupghypg;G Ntiyf;fhf xU fputy; ghijAk; mikf;fg;gLk;. fpuhkj;jtu;fs; ruzhyaj;jpd; Clhf gazpf;Fk; xU gFjp tPjpiaj; jtpu Vidatw;iw nry;Yk; tPjpahf gad;gLj;j mDkjpf;fg;gLtu;. ruzhyag; gFjpA+lhf gazpf;Fk; tPjpapd; gFjpahdJ jpizf;fsg; gzpahsu;fs; jkJ gupghyd NtiyfSf;fhf mt;tg;NghJ gad;gLj;Jtu;. kdpj FbapUg;G fpuhkq;fs; Clhf fhy;tha; nry;Ykplq;fspy; fhy;thapw;F FWf;Nfh ghyq;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;jg; ghyq;fspd; miktplq;fshdit tpgukhd tbtikg;Gf; fl;lj;jpd; nghOJ gad;ngWNthupd; fye;Jiuahlypd; gpw;ghNl ,Wjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

mizf;fl;bd; topNa mizf;fl;bd; cr;rpapy; xU tPjp mikf;fg;gLtJld; eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; gupghypg;Gj; NjitfSf;fhf fPo;ePNuhl;lj;jpd; mbg;gFjpapYk; tPjpfs; mikf;fg;gLk;.

nrd;wilAk; tPjpfisg; gpd;gw;WtjhdJ ,U ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; (kfhfpJy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy) kw;Wk; epyf;fPo; topg;ghijfspd; epu;khzf;fl;lq;fspd; nghOJ jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

nfuj;fk-kfhfpJy - 2.2 fPkP

nfuj;fk-nghJtpy - 2.6 fPkP

nghJtpy-kfhjk;Ng - 2.4 fPkP

nghJtpy-kfhfpJy - 4.6 fPkP

kfhfpJy-epyf;fPo;g; ghij - 4.2 fPkP

epu;khzj;jpd; nghOJ gad;gLj;jtpUf;Fk; gz;lq;fs;

fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd %yg;nghUl;fspd; ngUk;gFjp gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; jug;glfpwJ. epu;khzkhdJ ,uz;L ngupa Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; xU jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;tha; clDk; gpujhd fhy;tha;fSlDk; rk;ge;jg;gLtjhy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd %yg;nghUshf kz; cs;sJ.

mizf;fl;Lfspd; epu;khzj;jpw;fhd kz;zhdJ gpujhdkhf Fsg;gLf;iffspy; mike;Js;s fpsug;gLk; gFjpfspypUe;jg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;. fpsug;gLk; gFjpfshdit ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; eilKiwf;F tUk; nghOJ nts;sj;jhy; epiwe;jpUf;Fk;. fhy;tha;fspidg; nghWj;j tiuapy; ntl;lg;gLk; kw;Wk; epug;gg;gLk; gFjpfshdit ntl;lg;gLk; %yg;nghUl;fs; Mf xJf;fg;gLtJld; mitfs; gz;zpd; jukhdJ nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ epug;Gk; %yg;nghUshfTk; gad;gLk;.

VJk; Njitf;F kpQ;rpa %yg;nghul;fshdit fhy;tha;g; ghijapd; Xuk; topNa jw;fhypfkhf nfhl;lg;gLk;. ,t; gz;lq;fshdit mz;ikapYs;s tjpthsu;fshy; kz;epug;Giff;fhf vlj;Jr; nry;y mDkjpf;fg;gLk;. njJW Xah fUj;jpl;l epu;khzj;jpd; nghOjhd ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsj;jpd; mDgtkhdJ vy;yh kppjkpQ;rp %yg;nghUshdJ mz;ik tjpthsu;fs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyahy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;gjhFk;.


47

ghiwf; fw;Fopfis mikg;gjw;fhf %yg;nghUs; tprhuizf; Fohj;jpdhy; ,zq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. ,zq;fhzg;gl;l ,f;fw;Fopfshtd ,izf;fg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lg;glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. rPnke;J> gyk;$l;bfs; kw;Wk; cUf;F fjTfs; Nghd;w Vida %yg;nghUl;fshtd murhq;f xOq;F tpjpfspd; gpufhukhf my;yJ xg;ge;j Mtzq;fspd; ,zq;fg;gl;l gpugy;a toq;FduplkpUe;J nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gLk;.

ml;ltiz 2-4 ngUk; msTfs;

fUj;jpl;lj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l ngUk; msTfs;

tptupg;G myF msT %yk;

jk;Gs;s XahtpypUe;J ntkby;ytpw;fhd fhy;tha;

fl;lk; II

kz; kw;Wk; ghiw mfo;T

m3

197,657

fhy;tha; mbthuk;

xt;nthd;Wk; epug;GjYk; mlu;j;JjYk;

m3

148,725

mfog;gl;l %yg;nghUl;fspd; jukhdJ rpghupRf;F mika ,y;yhJ Nghapd; fhy;tha; mfog;gFjpfs; kw;Wk; %yg;nghUs; mfo;Tg; gFjpapypUe;j mfog;gl;l gFjpfs;.

fhy;tha; fiuNahuq;fSf;Fg; Gy; tsu;j;jy;

m2

31,193

mz;ikahfTs;s %yg;nghUs; mfo;Tg; gFjpfspy;

nfhq;fpwPl;bly; m3

22,620

fw;Fopg;gFjpfs;/cs;Su;f; nfhs;tdtplkpUe;J xd;W Nru;f;fg;gLjy;

ry;ypf;fy; ghJfhg;G

m3

1,479

fw;FopfspypUe;jhd ghwhq;fw;fs;

ntkby;ytpypUe;jhd neglfftj;jtpw;fhd fhy;tha;

fl;lk; I


m3

86,777

fhy;tha; mbthuk;


m3

42,651

%yg;nghUs; mfo;Tg; gFjpapypUe;j mfog;gl;l gFjpfs;.


m2

41,778



48

nfhq;fpwPl;bly; m3

13,166


ry;ypf;fy; ghJfhg;G

m3

241

fw;FopfspypUe;jhd ghwhq;fw;fs;

neglfftj;jtpypUe;jhd kfhfpJy fhy;tha;

fl;lk; I


m3

2,107,193


m3

30,035

%yg;nghUs; mfo;Tg; gFjpapypUe;J mfog;gl;l gFjpfs;.


m2

1,241


nfhq;fpwPl;bly; m3

35,535


epyf;fPo;g;gFjp

fl;lk; I

ghiw mfo;T m³

9,721

epyf;fPo;g; ghij

nfhq;fpwPl;bly; m³

1,753


kfhfpJy gpujhd mizf;fl;L

fl;lk; I

gpujhd mizf;fl;L

mj;jpthuj;jpy; kz; kw;Wk; ghiw mfo;T

m3 121,210 mizf;fl;L mr;R

kz; epug;Gjy; m3 878,800 mfog;gl;l nghUj;jkhd %yg;gz;lk; kw;Wk; %yg;nghUs; mfog;gLk; gFjpfs;


49

eLg;gFjp fop epu;khzk;

m3 277,593 epu;khz tiuGfspy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gFjpfs;

ry;ypf;fy; ghJfhg;G

m3 36,384 mizf;fl;L kw;Wk; fw;Fopg;ghiwfspd; mfog;gl;l ghiw

jug;gLj;jg;gl;l xd;WNru;g;G

m3 311 fw;Fopg; ghiw kw;Wk; cs;Su;f; nfhs;tdT

kzy; kw;Wk; fputy; epug;Gif

m3 22,326 cs;Su;f; nfhs;tdT

rha;Tfspy; Gy; tsu;j;jy;

m2 29,420 Fsg;gLf;iffs; kw;Wk; %yg;nghUs; mfOk; gFjpfs;

nfhq;fpwPl;bly; m3 35,535 fw;Fopg;gFjpfs;/cs;Su;f; nfhs;tdtplkpUe;J xd;W Nru;f;fg;gLjy;

kfhfpJy nghWg;Ngw;Wk; mizf;fl;L ngUk; msTfs;

fl;lk; I

nghWg;Ngw;Wk; mizf;fl;L


m3 18,327



m3 27,393 epu;khz tiuGfspy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gFjpfs;

ry;ypf;fy; ghJfhg;G m3 6,770 mizf;fl;L kw;Wk; fw;Fopg;ghiwfspd; mfog;gl;l ghiw


m3 3,385 fw;Fopg; ghiw kw;Wk; cs;Su;f; nfhs;tdT






kfhfpJytpypUe;J kfhfpUytpw;fhd fhy;tha;


50

fl;lk; I


m3 257,528


kfhfpUytpy; ,Ue;J Nky; kP Xahtpw;fhd fhy;tha;

fl;lk; I


m3 609,916

kz; epug;Gjy; kw;Wk; mlu;j;Jjy;

m3 3,001 mfog;gl;l nghUj;jkhd %yg;gz;lk; kw;Wk; %yg;nghUs; mfog;gLk; gFjpfs;


kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fk; ngUk; msTfs;

fl;lk; I

gpujhd mizf;fl;L


m3 32,345 mizf;fl;L mr;R



m3 84,264 mizf;fl;L kw;Wk; fw;Fopg;ghiwfspd; mfog;gl;l ghiw

ry;ypf;fy; ghJfhg;G m3 9,419 mizf;fl;L kw;Wk; fw;Fopg;ghiwfspd; mfog;gl;l ghiw







fy;fpupahttpypUe;J fJUnttTf;fhd kP Xah gpujhd fhy;tha;> kfhfpJy ,uz;lhf gpuptpypUe;J kP Xahtpw;fhd gpujhd fhy;tha;> kw;Wk; tTytpypUe;J Nky; nkjpahttpw;fhd toq;Fk; fhy;tha;


51

fl;lk; II

kz; mfo;T m3 1,307,100 fhy;tha; mbthuk;

ghiw mfo;T m3

110,711

fhy;tha; mbthuk;

kz; epug;Gif m3 61,542 mfog;gl;l nghUj;jkhd %yg;gz;lk; kw;Wk; %yg;nghUs; mfog;gLk; gFjpfs;

Gy; tsu;j;jy; m2

10,742



ml;ltiz 2-5 ePu;j;Njf;f vy;iyf; NfhLfs;

vy;iyf;NfhLfs; kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;f

gpujhd mizf;fl;L

kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;f nghWg;Gr; Rkf;Fk;

mizf;fl;L

kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fk;

mjp$ba cauk; (kP) 26.4 11.2 23.8

%yg;nghUs; xNutifahd kz;

epug;Gif

xNutifahd kz; epug;Gif

xNutifahd kz; epug;Gif

FSL (n`f;Nlau;) gFjpapy; ePu; epuk;gy;

190 152

Nrkpf;Fk; ,aYik (MCM) 14.9 10.7

ml;ltiz 2-6 %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf mfOk; gFjpfspd; fhzpg;ghtiz

,y cl;$W %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf mfOk; gFjpfspd; fhzpg;ghtiz

1 jk;Gs;s XahtpypUe;J ntkby;ytpw;fhd fhy;tha;

kz; - mz;ikahd gad;gLj;jhj fhzpfs; Gy;gwpj;jy; - njd;de;Njhl;lq;fspypUe;J xd;W Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ – ghiw fw;FopfspypUe;J

2 ntkby;ytpypUe;J neglfftj;jtpw;fhd fhy;tha;

kz; - Njitapy;iy Gy;gwpj;jy; - njd;de;Njhl;lq;fspypUe;J kw;Wk; tay;fspypUe;J xd;W Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ – ghiw fw;FopfspypUe;J

3 neglfftj;jtpypUe;J kfhfpJJytpw;fhd fhy;tha;

kz; - Njitapy;iy Gy;gwpj;jy; - njd;de;Njhl;lq;fspypUe;J kw;Wk;


52

ntWk; fhzpfspypUe;J xd;W Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ – ghiw fw;FopfspypUe;J

4 kfhfpJy gpujhd kw;Wk; nghWg;Ngw;Fk; mizf;fl;L

kz; - Fsg;gLf;ifapd; mope;J NghFk; Njf;Fj; Njhl;;lq;fspypUe;J Gy;gwpj;jy; - njd;de;Njhl;lq;fspypUe;J kw;Wk; ntWk; fhzpfspypUe;J xd;W Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ – ghiw fw;FopfspypUe;J kw;Wk; epyf;fPo; mfo;tpypUe;J

5 kfhfpUy mizf;fl;L kz; - Fsg;gLf;ifapd; mope;J NghFk; Njf;Fj; Njhl;;lq;fspypUe;J Gy;gwpj;jy; - njd;de;Njhl;lq;fspypUe;J kw;Wk; ntWk; fhzpfspypUe;J xd;W Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ – ghiw fw;FopfspypUe;J

6 kfhfpUytpypUe;J Nky; kP Xahtpw;fhd fhy;tha;

kz; - Njitapy;iy Gy;gwpj;jy; - njd;de;Njhl;lq;fspypUe;J kw;Wk; tay;fspypUe;J xd;W Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ – ghiw fw;FopfspypUe;J

7 fy;fpupahttpypUe;J fjunttTf;fhd kP Xah gpujhd fhy;tha;> kfhfpJy ,uz;lhf gpuptpypUe;J kP Xahtpw;fhd gpujhd fhy;tha;> kw;Wk; tTytpypUe;J Nky; nkjpahttpw;fhd toq;Fk; fhy;tha;

kz; - Njitapy;iy Gy;gwpj;jy; - njd;de;Njhl;lq;fspypUe;J kw;Wk; tay;fspypUe;J xd;W Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ – ghiw fw;FopfspypUe;J kw;Wk; fhy;thapw;F Nkyjpfkhf mfog;gl;l ghiwfspypUe;J

2.2.5 eltbf;if Kiwapay;

ngupa ,ilj;ju ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fspy; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshdit ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jhy; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. vt;thwhapDk; xU $l;L Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik (FO) vdg;gLk; murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kw;Wk; tptrha epWtd gpujpepjpfs; $l;lhfj; jPu;khdpj;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; Kiwik mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. gUtfhy toq;fy;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf r%f kw;Wk; Rw;whly; tpLtpg;Gf;fs; cs;sd. ,t;thwhd tpLtpg;Gf;fspd; msthdJ mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk; gq;fhd;ikahsu;fs; vd;NghUf;filapy; jw;Nghija gha;r;ry; kw;Wk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s ePupd; msT vd;gtw;wpid nghWj;J fye;Jiuahlg;gLfpwJ. ,aw;if MWfs; kPjhd jhf;fq;fspd; kjpg;gPlfs; Mdit mj;jpahak; 4y; fye;Jiuahlg;gLfpwJ.

ff;tJd Xah kw;Wk; Nky; kP Xah ePu;tbepyq;fspy; fpuhk ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshdit njhluhf cs;sd. ,e;j ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshdit ePu;g;ghrd ePiu toq;FtJld; tPl;Lj;Njitf;fhd ePiuAk; toq;Ffpd;wd. ,e;j ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; Mdit tPl;Lf; fpzWfSf;F ePu; toq;Ftjw;fhf Mokw;wg; gFjpfspYs;s epyePu;g; ghj;jpfisg; NgZfpd;wd.

ePu; tpepNahf ml;ltizahdJ ,e;j ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;Fg; G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; tbtikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; fpilf;ff; $bajhftpUf;Fk; gapu;r;nra;if jutpd;gb>


53

ngUk;Nghfj;jpy; (brk;gupypUe;J khu;r; tiuf;Fkhd <uf;fhyg;gFjp) MdJ ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J Nrkpf;fg;gl;l ePupd; %yk; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. Nkyjpfkhf ePu;g;ghrd ePu; tpepNahfkhdJ rpWk; Nghd gapu;r;nra;iff; fhyj;jpd; nghOJ Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ePNue;J gFjpfspy; fpuhkj;J jpl;lq;fspd; ruhrup gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ ruhrup 0.9 Mf mwppf;ifaplg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lkhdj ,jid 1.4w;F mjpfupf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fpwJ. ngupa kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju jpl;lq;fspNy gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 2.0w;F mjpfupf;fg;gLk;. ml;ltiz 4.7Ig; ghu;f;Ff.

gUtfhy ePu; tpepNahfq;fshdit fpuhk ePu;j;Njf;f njhFjpfspd; gw;whf;fiwj; Njitfis mbg;ilahff;nfhz;L ,Ug;gJld; cupa tptrha epWtdq;fSld; mJ $l;lhf jPu;khdpf;fg;gLfpwJ. jpirjpUg;gf; fhy;tha; kw;WK; ngUk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; NgZifAk; jpUj;jq;fSf;Fk; ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; nghWg;ghFk;. ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fskhdJ xt;nthU tUlKk; xU NgZif ml;ltiziaj; jahupg;gJld; cupa Neuj;jpy; epiwNtw;WtijAk; cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; jPu;khdq;fshdit jpir jpUg;gq;fspypUe;J ed;ik ngWk; tptrha epWtdq;fs; Nghd;w Vida epWtdq;fSf;F ,iz Kfhikj;Jt FOf;fs; Clhf ntspg;gilahf;fg;gLfpwJ.

2.2.6 fUj;jpl;lf; fpuak;> KjyPL kw;Wk; epjp %yq;fs;

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j kjpg;gplg;gl;l fpuakhdJ & 12.85 gpy;ypad;fs; MFk;. KjyPlhdJ Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp kw;Wk; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jplkpUe;jhd xU fld; %yk; epjpaPl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.


54

20

15

20

16

20

17

20

18

20

19

20

20

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tan

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ew

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(8

cum

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il c

anal

fro

m n

ew

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ice

to

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me

dil

la L

BM

C (

0.60

km

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cIm

pro

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en

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o W

em

ed

illa

LB

MC

up

to

Ne

bad

agah

awat

ta (

5.25

km)

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me

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la L

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C f

rom

Ne

bad

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awat

ta

to M

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ith

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5.25

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3.10

km

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Tun

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Mah

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ank

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and

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Can

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3.66

km

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(13

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8.68

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7.5

km)

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(19.

9 km

)

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m U

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Me

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Fee

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Can

al

Stag

e I

Sta

ge

Stag

e II

Imp

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on

Pro

gram

me

Pa

cka

ge

No

.P

roje

ct C

om

po

ne

nt

1 3

NW

P C

anal

Pro

ject


55

3. இருக்கும் சுற்றாடல் ததாடர்பான விவரம்

3.1 ngsjPf #oYk; ,lmiktpaYk;

cj;Njr NWP fhy;thahdJ Nghtj;jd epyf;fPo;g;ghij ntspthapypd; fPo; ePNuhl;lg;gFjpapd; jk;Gs;s Xahtpd; xU Gs;spapypUe;J Muk;gpf;fpwJ (kfhtyp tbepyj;jpypUe;J). jpirjpUg;gypd; rupahd Gs;spahdJ epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; ntspthapypd; fPo;ePNuhl;lg;gFjpapdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 1 fpkPy; cs;sJ. xU Gjpa jpirjpUg;gy; mizf;fl;lhdJ ,e;j ,lj;jpy; fl;lg;gLk;. jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;thahdJ ,e;j rpwpa mizf;fl;bypUe;J Muk;gpj;J xU fpis Mwhfg; gazpj;J FUzhfy khtl;lj;jpYs;s ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;ijf; flf;fpwJ. cj;Njr kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; (kPs;Nrkpf;fg;gl;L) ePuhdJ Nrkpf;fg;gLtJld; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gLtJld; kw;Wk; Nky; kP Xah kw;Wk; ff;tJd Xah

tbepyq;fSf;F (njJW Xah tbepyj;jpd; cgtbepyj;jpw;F) tpLtpf;fg;gLfpwJ. .

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpahdJ kj;jpa kw;Wk; tlNky; khfhzq;fspy; mike;jpUg;gJld; kj;jpa kiyehl;bd; tl$u; Kidapd; gykhd gpsthf;fypd; ghfj;ij cUthf;FfpwJ. ,e;j mikthdJ jiutpupg;ghf ,Ug;gJld; ef;fpy]; njhlupy; 760 kPw;wUf;F Nkyhf vOfpwJ. ,g;gFjpahdJ gue;j fPo;epiyg;gLk; kfhtyp tbepyg;gFjpapypUe;jhd fyh Xah> kP Xah kw;Wk; njJW Xah ePu;tb epyq;fspidg; gpupf;Fk; kj;jpa tbfhy;g; gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ.

Neubf; fUj;jpl;l ed;ik ngWk; gFjpahdJ FUzhfy khtl;lj;jpYs;sJ. ed;ik ngWk; gFjpahdJ njJW Xah kw;Wk; kP Xah Mfpa ,uz;L Mw;W tbepyq;Fs;shf tUfpwJ. ff;tJd Xah cg tbepykhdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J Neub ed;ik ngWtJld; njJW Xah tbepyj;jpd; cgtbepykhFk;. fPNo fhzg;gLk; fhyepiya tya glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk;thwhf FUzhfy khtl;lkhdJ ,ilj;ju kw;Wk; cyu;tyaj;jpDs; tUfpwJ. fUj;jpl;l ed;ikg; gFjpahdJ ,ilj;ju kw;Wk; cyu;g; tyq;fspy; mlq;FfpwJ.

twl;rpAld; njhlu;Gila gapupog;G glk; cU 3-1 y; fhl;lg;gl;lthwhf FUzhfy khtl;lkhdJ mjPjj;jpypUe;J msthd ,og;Gf;fis vjpu;nfhz;L tUfpwJ. MfNt ,e;j khtl;lj;jpw;F ek;gj;jFe;j ePu;g;ghrd tpepNahfk; Njitahf cs;sJ.


56

cU 3-1 fhyepiy tyak;> Mw;W tbepyq;fs;> ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; twl;rpAld; njhlu;Gila gapupog;Gf;fs;

%d;W ngUk; fhyepiy tyaq;fs;> Mw;W tbepyq;fs; kw;Wk; Fsg; guk;gy; kw;Wk;

twl;rpAld; njhlu;Gila gapupog;Gf;fs;; %yk;: tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;> ePu;g;ghrdj;jpizf;fsk;

kw;Wk; njrpd;ntd;ju; (www.desinventar.lk)

3.1.1 Gtpr;rupjtpaYk; kz;Zk;

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpahdJ fpof;fpypUe;j Nkw;fhf td;dp kw;Wk; ,ize;j njhFjpfisAk; kw;Wk; cau;epyj; njhFjp kw;Wk; tp[ad; njhFjpfisAk; cs;slf;FfpwJ. mz;zsthf fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapd; miuthrpahdJ kiyehl;Lj; njhFjpapd; ghiw fPo; tUtJld; td;dpj; njhFjpahdJ Nkw;Fg; gFjpahfTk; tp[ad; njhFjpahdJ mjPj fpof;Fg; gFjpahfTk; cs;sJ.

cj;Njr NWP fhy;thahdJ nydNlhuhtpy; Nghtj;jd epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; ntspthappYf;F mz;ikahf jk;Gs;s XahtpypUe;J Gwg;gLfpwJ. cj;Njr jpirjpUg;gypd; Gtpr;rypjtpay;

glkhdJ gpd;zpidg;G VI-II y; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fhy;thapd; Kjy; fpNyhkPw;wuhdJ Gtpr;rupjtpay; uPjpahf cau;r;Rz;zf ruf;F gts gFjpf;Fs;shf mike;Js;sJ. mj;Jld;

gpd;G NtWghl;L fhl;Lk; gFjpf;Fs; tpOe;J 5+300 fpNyh kPw;wupy; xU jtWifiaf; fle;J

mNj Gtpr;rupj gFjpapy; 7+200 fpNyh kPw;wu; tiu njhlUfpwJ. mq;fpUe;J fhy;thahdJ

fUq;fy;Yg; gFjpiaAk; ngupJk; Fthu;l;Nrh fsg; gFjpAkhd 7+950 fpNyh kPw;wu;

tiuf;Fkhd gFjpiaf; fle;j gpd;G xLf;fkhd Jha Fthu;l;]; ehb 7+950 fpNyh

kPw;wupypUe;J 8+050 fpNyh kPw;wu; tiu fle;j fUq;fy;Y rpypkd;Nl gal;Nlh Gtpr;rupjtpay;


57

gFjpf;F 8+500 fpNyh kPw;wUf;Fk; Nkyhfj; njhlUfpwJ. mq;fpUe;j fhy;thahdJ jw;NghJs;s njtFt toq;Fk; fhy;tha;f;Fs; tpOfpwJ.

njtFt toq;Fk; fhy;thahdJ nfhu;d;gpyhd;Nl gl;Nlh fy;g;gFjpf;Fs; 4 fpkP I Fthu;l;];

njhFjpapDhlhf 3 fpkP ,ypUe;J 3+150 fpkP tiuf;Fk; fle;j nry;fpwJ. 4+00 fpkP ,ypUe;J

6+500 fpkP w;F nkyhf gNahll; nfhu;d;gpNyl; fw;gFjpapDhL fhy;thahdJ fle;J nrd;W

gpd;G 8+100kP nfhu;gpyd;Nl[; gFjpiaf; fle;J 9+150 kPw;wupypUe;J 9+250 fpkP tiuf;fhd Fthu;l;]; xLf;fj; jl;ilfis flf;F mNj Ntisapy; Fthu;l;]; fsg; gFjpf;F Nkyhf

fle;J nrd;W kPz;Lk; 9+550 fpNyh kPw;wupypUe;J 9+900 fpkP tiuf;Fk; flf;fpwJ. gpd;G

fhy;thahdJ 9+900 fpNyh kPw;wupypUe;J 10+800 fpNyhkPw;wu; tiuahd nfhu;d;gpud;l; gFjpiaf;

fle;J nrd;W kPz;Lk; Fthu;l;]; gFjpf;F nrd;W 11+900 fpkP tiu njhlu;e;j gpd;G 12+200 fpkP

y; fUq;fy;g; gFjpf;Fs; Eioe;J 13+300 fpkP y; gNahnll; nfhu;dgpyd;l; gFjpapy;

cs;Eioe;J gspq;Ff; fy;g; gFjpahdJ 15+000 fpkP tiu njhlu;e;J gpd;G 15+150fpkP ,y;

Nfhu;d;gpyd;l; n[drpf; gFjpia mile;J 16+750 fpkP tiuf;Fk; njhlu;eJ Jhajw;w

Fthu;l;];fshdit 17+450 fpkP tiuf;Fk; njhlu;e;J rfndhfpNl gNahnll;; n[drpRs;

cs;Eioe;J 22+450 fpkP tiu njhlu;e;J gpd;G kPz;Lk; nfhdugpy; n[drp]; gFjpf;Fs; EiofpwJ.

23+617 fpkP ,y; fhy;thahdJ cj;Njr kfhfpJyntt ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; Eioe;J khjk;ig ntthit fle;J nry;ifapy; kfhfpJy ntt ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J xU jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;thahdJ kfhfpUyntttpw;F 4;.42 fpkP w;F Nkyhf ePSfpwJ. ,e;j 4.42 fpkP

fhy;thahdJ Garneliferrous Quarozofeldspathic n[dprp]; gFjpapDhlhf fle;J nry;fpwJ ,e;jg; gFjpahdJ fNahypd; nfhz;l ,Uk;G tsg; gbiffspy; rpije;J

NghfpwJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf fhy;thahdJ %d;W quartzite jlq;fSf;F

flf;fpwJ. ,f;fhy;thahdJ nrfhu; tya khw;wq;fshd 3+500fpkP, 8+500fpkP jw;NghJs;s njtFt toq;Fk; fhy;thahdJ ntkby;y nttpy; Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

Gtpr;rupjtpay; glkhf;fyhdJ 22+460 fpkP ,ypUe;J 23+400 fpkP tiuf;Fkhd kfhfpJy Ruq;fg; ghij mike;Js;s gpupTf;fhf khj;jpuNk nra;ag;gl;lJld; ,J ngunjdpa gy;fiyfofj;jpd; Gtpr;rupjtpay; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; elhj;jg;gl;lJ. epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; ePskhdJ 940 kP MFk;.

mj;Jld; fPo; Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; nry;fpwJ. Gtpr;rupjtpay; glkhf;fypd; Quartzite, Hornblende

biotite Gneiss, Charnokitic Gneiss kw;Wk; Quartzo feldspathic kw;Wk; fpiuidl; n[drp];w;fpilapyhd gil (cU 3-3) vd;gd vk;khy; vjpu;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. Gtpr;rupjtpay; glthf;fy; juT kw;Wk; nlf;Nlhdpf; kjpg;gPl;Lj; juTfs; vd;gtw;iw guprPypf;Fkplj;J ,g;gFjpahdJ ,uz;L ngupa njhluw;w ghzpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf nlNlhdpf; jl;il kjpg;gPl;bd; gpufhuk; (cU 01) epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; cs;thapypd; tlgf;fj;jpypUe;J rpy 100 kP Jhuj;jpy; xU jtW tyak; cs;sJ. jtW tyakhdJ jw;nghOJ nraw;glhj fl;lj;jpy; cs;sJ. Mdhy; ,e;j fPo;r; Ruq;fg;ghij gFjp ghiwahf ,Ug;gjd; epkpj;jk; mjpfk; nehWq;ff; $bajhf cs;sJ. Gtpr;rupjtpay; glkhf;fypd; RUf;fkhdJ tlNky; khfhz fhy;tha; f; fUj;jpl;l Gtpr;rupjtpay; mbkl;l mwpf;ifapy; jug;gLfpwJ.


58

cU 3-2 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;r; Ruq;fg;ghijapd; nlf;Nlhdpf; jl;L kjpg;gPL


59

cU 3-3 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;r; Ruq;fg;ghijapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ghiw tbtq;fs;


60

epyf;fPo;g; ghij epytopapd; Muk;gk; kw;Wk; KbT miktplq;fs; ghiwg;gLf;ifapd;

gpurd;dj;ij mDkhdpf;ff; $ba tpjj;jpy; gt-bt- n[drp]; ghiwahf Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ.

quartzite %yg;nghUspd; ,Uj;jyhdj Vida ghiw tiffSld; xg;gpLkplj;J mjd; fhyepiy vjpu;g;gpd; epkpj;jkhdJ vd KbTf;F tu KbAk; epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; gpuppt cs;EioAk; ntspEioAk; cj;Njrg; gFjpfspy; $l ciltw;w ghiwg; gLf;iffs; G+u;thq;f tprhuizapd; nghOJ mtjhdpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,e;j Kf;fpakhd Gtpr;rupjtpay; mk;rj;jpw;F NgZifg; guhkupg;gpd; Kd;nkhopT tbtikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; cUtg;gLj;jy; tplaq;fspy; cupa guprPypg;G nfhLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

Gtpr;rupj ngsjPftpay; tprhuizfs;

Gtpr;rupj ngsjPftpay; tprhuizfs; (,uz;L gupzhk vjpu;g;G tpk;gq;fs;) kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;g; ghijj; jiu> kfhfpJy gpujhd mizf;fl;L mr;R kw;Wk; mizf;fl;Lg; nghWg;gr;R kw;Wk; kfhfpUy mizf;fl;L mr;R Mfpatw;iw jhq;fp epw;fpwJ.

kfhfpJy epyf;fPo; epyk;

,U gupkhz vjpu;g;G fhl;ly; tpk;gg;gLj;jyhdJ kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;r; Ruq;fj;jpDhL ngunjdpah gy;fiyfofj;jpd; Gtpr;rupjtpay; jpizf;fsj;jhy; elhj;jg;;gl;lJ. ,e;j tprhuizfshdit %d;W ntt;NtWgl;l gpupTfspy; elhj;jg;gl;lJ. mitfs; kpd;rhur; #oiktpd; CLWty; Moj;ijf; nfhz;L njupT nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd.

cU 3-4 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;Gf; fhl;ly; tpk;gk; (CH 22+400 to 22+975)


61

cU 3-5 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;g;ghijapd; ,U gupkhz vjpu;g;Gf;fhl;ly; tpk;gk; (Ch 23+100 to 23+470)

cU 3-4 d; gpufhuk; epyf;fPo;g; ghijahdJ Gjpa ghiwg; gpuhe;jpaq;fspd; khwhd

fhyepitA+lhf nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwj. MfNt 22+400 ypUe;J 22+975 tiuf;Fkhd gpuhe;jpa ,Ugupkhz Gtpkpd;dpay; tpgu khw;wj;jpd; gpufhuk; gpuhe;jpakhdJ ey;y epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij MjuTld; guhkupj;Jg; Ngzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

cU 3-5 d; gpufhuk; me;jg; gpuptpYs;s epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijahdJ Gjpa ghij gpuhe;jpaq;fSlhfr; nry;fpwJ. me;jj; jftiyg; guprPypj;J ehq;fs; epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijf;fhd Mjuit Fiwf;f KbAk;. Gtpr;rupj ngsjpftpay; Fwpj;j tprhuizfspd; tpguq;fshdit Gtpj;njhopy;El;g mbg;gil mwpf;ifapy; cs;sJ.

kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;f mizf;fl;Lf;fs;

kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;f gpujhd kw;Wk; nghWg;Ngw;Fk; mizf;fl;L mr;R vd;gtw;wpd; topNa Gtpr;rupjtpay; fUj;jha;T kw;Wk; Gtpr;rupjtpay; msit kw;Wk; Ruq;fg; gzpafk; MdJ ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;G fw;gidahf;fj;ijr; nra;jJ.

cU 3-6 kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; gpujhd mizf;fl;L mr;rpd; ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;G tpk;gk;


62

cU 3-7 kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; nghWg;Ngw;Fk; mizf;fl;L mr;rpd; ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;G tpk;gk;

kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; gpujhd mizf;fl;L mr;rpd; ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;G tpk;gkhf;fypd; gpufhuk; (cU 3-6) mizf;fl;L mr;R ghiwkl;lj;jpd; eLg;gFjpahdJ Vida gFjpfis tpl Mokhdjha; cs;sJ.

nghWg;Gj; jhq;fy; mizf;fl;Lg; gpuptpYk; ghiwkl;lkhdJ mokhdjhfTk; MdhYk; gpujhd mizf;fl;by; mt;thW ,y;yhkYk; cs;sJ. cU 3-7y; ,J fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. fPW NfhlhdJ mizf;fl;L mr;rpd; ghiwg; gLf;ifia fhl;LfpwJ. Gtpr;rupj ngsjpftpay; Fwpj;j

tprhuizfspd; tpguq;fshdit Gtpj;njhopy;El;g mbg;gil mwpf;ifapy; cs;sJ (GBR).

kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;f mizf;fl;L

,U gupkhz vjpu;g;G tpk;gkhf;fyhdJ Gtpr;rupjtpay; Ma;T kw;Wk; Ruq;fg; gzpafj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. kw;Wk; mjd; ghij vjpu;g;Gj; jd;ikahdJ Vida ,uz;ilf; fhl;bYk;

cau;thf guprPypf;fg;gl;lJ. mjw;fhd fhuzkhdj mNdfkhd gFjpfs; Quartzite I f; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Gtpr;rupj ngsjpftpay; Fwpj;j tprhuizfspd; tpguq;fshdit tlNky; khfhz fUj;jpl;l Gtpj;njhopy;El;g mbg;gil mwpf;ifapy; cs;sJ.

cU 3-8 kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;f mizf;fl;bd; ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;G tpk;gk; (LB)

cU 3-9 kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;f mizf;fl;bd; ,Ugupkhz vjpu;g;G tpk;gk; (RB)


63

Jisaply; tprhuizfs;

tlNky; khfhz fUj;jpl;l Jisaply; tprhuizfshtd Gtpr;rupjtpay; Ma;T kw;Wk; Ruq;fg;

gzpafk; (GSMB) kw;Wk; mjidj; njhlu;e;J kj;jpa nghwpapay; MNyhridg; gzpafj;jpdhy;

(CECB) Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Jisaply; tprhuizfshdJ epyf;fPo;g; ghij kw;Wk; ePu;j;Njf;f mr;rpy; kl;Lk; elhj;jg;gLtjpy;iy tpNrl fl;likg;G ,lq;fspYk; elhj;jg;gLfpwJ. Jisaply; Jisfspd; vz;zpf;if nkhj;jkhf 64 MfTk; midj;Jk; nrq;Fj;J jpirapYNk nra;ag;gl;ld. ,lg;gl;l Jis miktplq;fshtd cU 3-10y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.

cU 3-10 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;g; ghij> ePu;j;Njf;fk; kw;Wk; fhy;tha; mbg;gFjpapy; cs;s Jisaplg;gl;l ,lq;fs;


64


65

kfhfpJy (nghJtpy) epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; epyePu; epiyikfs;

kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; epyePu;g; ghj;jpfshtd Jisaply; juTfisg; gad;gLj;jp Kd;nry;yg;gl;ld. epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; Jisaply; tprhuizfspd; nghOJ epyePu;g; ghj;jpfs; fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;ld. epyf;FopahdJ ehd;F nrq;Fj;jhd Jisaplg;gl;l Jisfisf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ (cU 3-11)

ml;ltiz 3-1 kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;g;ghijapd; Clhd epyf;fPo; NtWghLfs;

cU 3-11 epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij epyj;jpd; topNa epyePu;g;ghj;jpapd; Mok;

,y Jisfspd; vz;zpf;if fw;gidj;J}u mstPL

epyePu;g;ghj;jpfspd; Mok;

(Nkw;gug;GfspypUe;J)/kP

epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij

cr;rpapypUe;J epyePu;g;ghj;jpfspd;

cauk;/kP

01 NWP/02/19/01 22+460 25.58 -10.00

02 NWP/02/19/02 (NWP/02/20/01) 22+800 15.68 09.19

03 NWP/02/19/03 (NWP/02/21/01) 22+190 09.49 21.18

04 NWP/02/19/04 (NWP/02/22/01) 23+400 15.41 00.39


66

cU 3-12 epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij Kb kl;lj;jpypUe;J epyePu;g;ghj;jpfspd; cau NtWghL

epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij epytopA+lhf epyePu;g; ghj;jpfspd; MoNtWghL njhlu;ghd Nkwgb tiugpd; gpufhuk; ePu;g;ghj;jpfspd; MokhdJ Vida gpupTfspidf; fhl;bYk; Muk;gg;gpuptpy; cau;thf cs;sJ. NkYk; cU 13d; gpufhuk; eptePu;g; ghj;jpfshdit Muk;gj;jpy; epyf;fPo;g;ghijapd; Kb kl;lj;ij tpl fPohf ,Uf;fpd;wd. MfNt epyf;fPo;g;ghijapd; KjyhtJ gpupthdJ cyu; mfo;thf ,Uf;ff; $Lk;. epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij ntspNaWk; ,lkhdJ rpwpa epyePu; mKf;fj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijapd; eLg;gFjpahdJ cau; epyePu; mKf;fj;ij cU 3-12d; gpufhuk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

tpgukhd tprhuizfspd; Kbtpidg; nghWj;J <uf;fyg;Gf;fs;> rhe;J milj;jy;> Mzp el;Lf; nfhz;L ,Wf;Fjy;> tupapLjy; Nghd;wtw;wpdhy; gytPdkhd gFjpfisg; gyg;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gLfpwJ. cupa tifapyhd tbtikg;Gk; NgZif KiwAk; NgZifr; rpfpr;ir KiwAk; ,Wjpahf epyf;fPo;g; ghijf;Fs;shd kw;Wk; mjpypUe;jhd frpTfisf; Fiwg;gJld; mjd; %yk; mg;gFjpapy; epyePu;g; ghj;jpfspd; kl;lk; Njitapy;yhJ FiwtijAk; jLf;fpwJ. ,e;jtifapy; ,g;gFjpapd; jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs; Mdit fLikahfg; ghjpg;gila khl;lhJ.

NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l %d;W gFjpfSk; ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;F cs;shf cs;sJld; mjd; epkpj;jkhf cau;j;jg;gl;l epyePu;g;ghj;jpfs; kw;Wk; ]jpukw;w rha;Tfspd; epkpj;jkhf kz;rupTfs; Vw;gLjy;> epyePu;g; ghj;jpfs; Njitaw;w tpjj;jpy; Fiwjy; my;yJ cau;jy; Nghd;w ghjfkhd Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;F cupa ftdk; Gtpapay; uPjpapy; vLf;f Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gLfpwJ. vy;yh epiyaw;w ghiwj; Jz;lq;fisAk; mfw;Wjy; kw;Wk;

epiyaw;w ghiwr; rha;Tfis ];jpug;gLj;jy; tpNrlkhf cau;j;jg;gl;l G.W.T d; tplaj;jpy; mt;thW nra;jyhdJ vjpu;kiwj; jhf;fq;fis jzpf;f mtrpakhf ,Ug;gJld; #oypidAk; ghJfhf;fpwJ.

Gtpr;rupjtpay; glj;jpw;fhf gpd;zpizg;G VI – II Ig; ghu;f;Ff.


67

NWP fhy;tha;f; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gytPdkhd/tpl;Lr; nry;yf;$ba gFjpfSf;fhd cj;Njr elj;J Kiwfs; Vw;ghLfSk; rpy tbtikg;G mk;rq;fSk;

kfhfpJy epyf;fPo;g;ghij

kfhfpJy epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijahdJ kpfTk; cile;j ghiwg;gilgspd; Clhfr; nry;fpwJ ,J epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijapd; epyj;jpw;F mz;ikahfTs;s gpioahd tyaj;jpd; jhf;fj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf ,t;thW ,J cs;sJ. MfNt epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijapd; epu;khzj;jpd; nghOJ gyNkw;gLj;jp milj;jy;> el;lhzpahy; ,Wf;Fjy;> Nghd;w Gtpj;njhopy;El;g mbg;gil

mwpf;if (GBR) y; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;lthwhd mj;jpahtrpakhd midj;J ifahsy; KiwfSk; ifahsg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; cs;EioAk; thapy; gFjpapy; epyePu;g; ghj;jpfs; epyf;fPo; cl;GFk; kl;lj;ijf; fhl;bYk; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk; (epyj;Jisapd; ePu;g;ghj;jpj; juTfspd; gpufhuk;). epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijapd; eLg;gFjpfs; Vidag; gFjpfis tpl ePu; mKf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij epu;khzj;jpd; nghOJ xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijapypUe;J tUk; ePupd; msitf; fz;fhzpg;gu;. mj;Jld; epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijapd; epu;khzk; KbAk; tiuf;Fk; juTfs; itj;jpUf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijapd; epu;khhzj;jpd; nghOJ xg;ge;jfhuu; epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijapd; Rtu;

cUkhw;wq;fisf; fz;fhzpf;f Ntz;Lk; (GBR vy;yh tplaq;fisAk; nfhLg;gJld; vy;yh Ftpjy; Vw;ghLfspd; tiuGfisAk; mJ nfhLf;fpwJ). juk; Fiwe;j ghiwfs; vjpu;g;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; tpNrlkhf fLikahfg; ghiwfs; cilAz;L fhzg;gl;L mjpfsT CLGFk; epiyf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Ykhapd; mt;tz;zkhd ,lq;fspy; milj;jy; Kiw ifahsg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fk;

gpujhd mizf;fl;L mr;R

mizf;fl;L mr;R topNa Garnet Biotite gneiss, Charnokitic gneiss, Biotite gneiss, Hornblende Biotite

gneiss kw;Wk; Quartzite Nghd;wit vjpu;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; tyJ fiuahdJ

Quartzite ghiwg; giliaf; nfhz;bUg;gJld; mJ kpfTk; tbAk; rha;Tilajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; tyJ fiuAk; eLg;gFjpAk; mjpfk; CLGfj;jf;fjhf ,Ug;gJld; Mokhd ghiwg; gil kl;lj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. MfNt ghiwg;gLf;if tiuf;Fkhd eL mfop mfo;thdJ rpukkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ghiwg;gLf;if milj;jyhdJ ghiwg;gilia mfohky; nra;tJ kpfTk; rpukkha; ,Uf;Fk;. mjpfk; RikNaw;wg;gl;l gFjpapy; gz;lq;fshdit xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; fop %yg;nghUl;fs; nfhz;L Fiwe;j CLifg; ngWkhdj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. MfNt eL mfop mfo;jyhdJ cau;e;jgl;rk; 4 kP tiuf;FkhtJ tiuaWf;fg;glNtz;Lnkd;gJld; jl;btpLk; Rtu; MokhdJ cau;e;j gl;;rk; 6 kP tiu ,Uf;f KbAk; eL mfop kw;Wk; ntl;btpLk; Rtu;fshtd tope;J nry;tij ntl;b tpLtjw;fhf fopahd %yg;nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L epug;gg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ePu;j;Njf;f mizf;fl;bd; Nky; ePNuhl;lg;gf;fkhfpa RikNaw;wg;gLk; %yg;nghUl;fs; (fop %Lif) Mfpa 200 kP Jz;lhdJ frpe;J nry;tijf; Fiwf;Fk; Kfkhf Fog;gg;glf; $lhJ.


68

nghWg;Gr; Rkf;Fk; mizf;fl;L

kfhfpJy nghWg;Gr; Rkf;Fk; mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpahdJ ,U ngUk; ghiw tiffisf;

nfhz;Ls;sJ. mitahtd Charnokitic gneiss kw;Wk; Biotite gneiss MFk;. nghWg;Gr; Rkf;Fk; mizf;fl;L mr;rpd; ghiwg;gLf;if kl;lkhdJ gpujhd mizf;fl;ilg; Nghd;W mjpfk; Mokhdjy;y. Jisaplg;gl;l Jisapd; CLflj;Jk; ngWkhdkhdJ Kjy; rpy kPw;wu;fspy; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. mizf;fl;L tbtikg;ghdJ eL mfop kw;WK; ntl;btpLk; Rtu; vd;gtw;wpd; frpitf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf cs;spizf;fyhk; ePu;fl;L mizf;fl;bd; Nky;Nehf;fpa ePNuhl;lj;jpd; gf;fj;jpy; mjpRikA+l;lg;gl;l %yg; gz;lq;fspd; 200 kP Jz;lhdJ frpe;J nry;tijf; Fiwf;Fk; Kfkhf Fiwf;fg;gly; $lhJ.

kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fk;

,e;j mizf;fl;L mr;rhdJ quartzite gil kPJ xUq;fikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; mjd; cilTr; nrwpthdJ cau;thdjhfTk; cs;sJ. ghiwg;gLf;if kl;lkhdJ 10-20 kPP tPr;Rilajha; cs;sJ. MfNt ghiwg;gLf;iff;fhd mfo;thdJ kpfTk; rpukkhdJ. Mo mfo;Tf;Fg; gjpyhf ehk; Kf;fpa mfop kw;Wk; kPz;Lk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l Moj;jpd; ntl;b Kbf;Fk; Rtu; vd;gtw;wpid iff;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gJld; Nky; ePNuhl;lg; gFjp mjpRik gz;lq;fs; (fop %Liffs;) Vida mizf;fl;Lfspy; cs;sJ Nghd;W Fog;Gglf; $lhJ. ,e;j Rik $l;lg;gl;l gz;lq;fspd; gFjpahdJ Fiwe;j CLflj;Jk; ngWkhdj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

3.1.2 fhhyepiy kw;Wk; tspkz;lytpaYk;

1971 ypUe;J 2010 tiuf;Fk; Ma;Tg; gFjpapd; khfhe;j kiotPo;r;rpj; juTfshdit ePu; Kfhikj;Jt nrayfk;> ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; tspkz;lytpay; jpizf;fsk; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J Nrfupf;fg;gl;lJ. mNjNtisapy; mz;ikapYs;s tspkz;lytpay; epiyaq;fspd; ePz;lfhy; ePuhtpahjy; juthdJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. epug;Gjy; kw;Wk; Fwpj;jhSif mbg;gilapy; kiotPo;r;rpia tp];jupj;jy; vd;w tplaq;fspy; epak Kiwikfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

cj;Njr vLj;Jr; nry;yy; Kiwikf;fhd cl;fl;likg;Gf;fspd; jpl;lkply; kw;Wk;

tbtikg;Gf;fhf mbg;gilj; Njitahd juTfis toq;Ftjw;fhf NWP ,lg;gFjpf;fhf xU tptukhd tspkz;lytpay; kw;Wk; ePu;g;gz;gpay; Ma;thdJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j mbg;gil juTfs; jw;NghJs;s cj;Njr ePu;g;ghrd ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;fhd fzpf;fg;gl;l ePz;lfhy cl;g;gha;r;ry; njhlu;fs; kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrd KiwikfSf;fhd fhyepiyatpay; kw;Wk; tspkz;lytpay; juTfs; vd;gd cs;slq;FfpwJ.

,yq;ifahdJ gpujhdkhf tlfPo; kw;Wk; njd;Nky; gUtg;ngau;r;rpf; fhw;wpdhy; kioiag; ngWfpwJ. ,j;jPthdJ %d;W fhyepiy tyaq;fshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mitahtd <utyak;> ,ilj;ju tyak; kw;Wk; cyu; tyakhFk;. ,it gUtg;ngau;r;rpf; fhw;wpd; %yk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; kiotPo;r;rpapd; njhifapid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpupf;fg;gLfpwJ. fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpahdJ cyu;e;j kw;Wk; ,ilj;jug; gFjpfspYk; fhzg;gLtJld; kiotPo;r;rpapd; ngUk; gFjpahdJ xf;Nlhgu; njhlf;fk; [dtup tiuapyhd ngUk;Nghfj;jpy; tlfPo; gUtg; ngau;r;rpf;fhw;wpdhy; ngWtJld; ,ilg;gUtg; ngau;r;rpf; fhyg;gFjpapf; nghOJ

Vg;uy; kw;Wk; Nk apYk; kiotPo;r;rpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpwJ..

Ma;Tg;gFjpapYk; Ma;Tg;gFjpiar; #oTk; 6 tspkz;lytpay; epiyaq;fs; ,g;gFg;gha;tpw;fhf njupT nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJld; mtw;wpd; khjhe;j ruhrup kiotPo;r;rp kw;Wk; khjhe;j ruhrup Fs ePuhtpahjy; Nghd;;w juTfs; ml;ltiz 3-2y; jug;gLfpd;wd.


69

ml;ltiz 3-2 kiotPo;r;rp kw;Wk; ePuhtpahjy; juT

%yk;: NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk; – rhj;jpats mwpf;if- nrg;nlk;gu; 2013

Vg;uy; kw;Wk; xf;Nlhu;-brk;gu; fhyg;gFjpapd; nghOJ kiotPo;r;rpahdJ ePuhtpahtij tpl tpQ;rp ,Ug;gij ml;ltiz 3-2ypUe;J fhzf; $bajhf cs;sJ. MfNt nghJthd tifapy; ghu;f;Fk; nghOJ Vida khjq;fspy; ePu;j; Njitg;ghLfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F ePu;r;Nrkpg;Gk; gq;fPLk; Njitg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

3.1.3 ePu;g;gz;gpaypd; jw;Nghija epiy

3.1.3.1 Nkw;gug;G ePu;

NCP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;l Kd;nkhopthdJ NWPy; mike;Js;s Nky; kP Xah kw;Wk; ff;tJd Xah tbepyq;fspw;F (njJW Xahtpd; xU fpis MW) jk;Gs;s Xah kw;Wk; ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J jpirjpUg;Gtij vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;fpwJ. ,uz;L Mw;W tbepyq;fSk; ,ilj;ju kw;Wk; cyu; tyaq;fspy; mike;Js;sJld; cyu; fhyg;gFjpapd;

nghOJ ePu;g;gw;whf;Fiwia vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wd. kP Xah 1510 fpkP2 xU ePu;rpe;Jk; gFjpiaf;

nfhz;Ls;sJ. njJW XahthdJ nkhj;jkhf 2,623 fpkP2 nfhz;bUg;gJld; ,jpy; 180 fpkP2

ff;tJd Xah ePNue;Jg; gFjpf;Fs;shf tUfpwJ (Somaratne et al, 2003).

NWP ePu;g;ghrd KiwikahdJ jw;nghOJs;s cau;kl;l msTs;s ePu;g;ghr KiwikfspYs;s jk;Gs;s Xah> ff;tJd Xah kw;Wk; kP Xh tbepyq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;j mwpf;ifapd; mj;jpahak; 1 MdJ ed;ikailAk; gFjpfs; kw;WK; cj;Njr jpirjpUg;gy;fs; vd;gtw;wpd;

xU tptukhd tptupg;ig cupa jpl;l uPjpahd tupg;glq;fSld; toq;FfpwJ. NWP fhy;thA+lhf

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; tUlhe;j jz;zPu; khw;wkhdJ 130 MCM Mf cs;sJ. ,jpy; 30 MCM MdJ ehye;j Xah ePu; tbepyk; (mk;gd; fq;ifapd; xU fpis MW) y; mike;Js;s ehye;j

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; Clhf toq;fg;gLk;. ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; nkhj;j ePNue;J gpuNjrkhdJ 125

fpkP2 Mf ,Ug;gJld; mjd; nkhj;j cl;gha;r;ryhdJ tUlhe;jk; 72.6 MCM Mf ,Uf;Fnkd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

A. Monthly Rainfall in mm

Rainfall Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Nalanda 189 96 91 185 78 44 43 49 79 240 309 301 1,704

Kalawewa 85 52 65 158 68 15 29 28 64 210 252 199 1,225

Millawana 129 72 87 200 114 79 63 63 103 294 346 231 1,780

Galgamuwa 61 46 89 171 95 33 25 25 85 271 254 135 1,289

Pelwehera 128 80 79 192 73 16 25 30 65 242 283 260 1,472

Mediyawa 68 48 83 186 92 29 33 29 66 254 249 138 1,274

NWP 104 66 84 189 95 44 42 40 81 261 286 193 1,486

B. Monthly Evaporation in mm

Station Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Kalawewa 98 104 131 123 137 145 152 155 158 121 101 96 1,521

Batalagoda 93 103 116 100 94 92 93 104 106 95 78 87 1,162

Tabbowa 90 96 121 113 116 120 125 138 130 109 84 82 1,323


70

njtFt ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; nkhj;j ePNue;Jg; gFjpahdJ 67 fpkP2 Mf ,Ug;gJld; tUlhe;j

cl;gha;r;ryhdJ 13.4 MCM vd kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd cl;gha;r;rypd; 5% MdJ cj;Njr kfhfpJy toq;fy; fhy;thapdhy; ,ilkwpf;fg;gLk;.

24.3 MCM ,aYikAld; $ba ff;tJd ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ff;tJd Xahtpy; epu;khzpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t; ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ePu; tpepNahfkhdJ Nky; ePNue;J gFjpfspy; mjpfupj;j ePu; ntspNaWifapdhy; ntWikahfpwJ. ff;tJd ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ePNue;J

gpuNjrkhdJ 62 fpkP2 Mf ,Ug;gJld; tUlhe;j cs;Su; cl;g;gha;r;ryhdJ 13.1 MCMMf

kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. cj;Njr kfhfpJy ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ,e;j cl;gha;tpd; 17% id ,ilkwpf;Fk;.

fPNoAs;s ml;ltizahdJ gpujhd jpirjpUg;gg; Gs;spfspyhd cs;Su; cl;gha;Tfis

tpgupf;fpwJ:

gpujhd jpirjpUg;gg; Gs;spfspyhd cs;Su; cl;gha;Tfs;Station Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Nalanda 6.18 11.42 14.2 16.3 4.57 3.99 4.31 2.91 2.63 1.91 1.58 2.64 72.64

Wemedilla 0.63 1.18 0.65 0.29 0.16 0.21 0.62 0.24 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.07 4.11

Dewahuwa 2.04 3.84 2.12 0.95 0.51 0.68 2.03 0.78 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.23 13.41

Hakwatuna 1.64 3.09 1.71 0.77 0.41 0.55 1.64 0.63 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.18 10.81

Mediyawa 0.55 1.04 0.58 0.26 0.14 0.19 0.55 0.21 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.06 3.64

Abakolawewa 2.03 3.82 2.11 0.95 0.51 0.68 2.02 0.78 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.23 13.36

Attaragallewa 0.23 0.44 0.24 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.23 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 1.54

Palukadawala 0.43 0.82 0.45 0.2 0.11 0.15 0.43 0.17 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 2.87

Mi Oya LB 0.49 0.92 0.51 0.23 0.12 0.16 0.49 0.19 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 3.22

Mahakithula 0.35 0.65 0.36 0.16 0.09 0.12 0.35 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 2.28

Mahakirula 0.17 0.32 0.18 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.17 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 1.13

Mi Oya RB1 1.44 2.71 1.5 0.67 0.36 0.48 1.43 0.55 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.16 9.46

Mi Oya RB2 0.76 1.44 0.8 0.36 0.19 0.26 0.76 0.29 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.09 5.04

Mediyawa Cascade 0.13 0.25 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.13 0.05 0 0.01 0 0.01 0.85

Enroute Mahakithula 0.26 0.48 0.27 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.26 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 1.7

%yk;: NWP fhy;tha;f; ,Wjp mwpf;if njhFjp 1

NWP fhy;thapw;fhf elhj;jg;gl;l ePu;r;rkdpiy Ma;thdJ mt; Ma;Tg; gFjpf;fhd 1971ypUe;J 2010 tiuf;fhd khjhe;j juTfspy; kiotPo;r;rpj; juTfis cs;slf;fpaijg; gad;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;jhd ePu; Mtpahjy; tplaj;jpy; ePz;lfhyj; jhFjpnahd;wpd; ruhrup khjhe;j ePuhtpahjy; juthdJ mz;ikapYs;s tspkz;lytpay; epiyaj;jpypUe;J gad;gLj;jg;gl;ls;sJ. MW tspkz;lytpay; jpizf;fsq;fSk; Mtd: ff;tJd Xah tbepyj;jpYs;s kpythd> kP Xah tbepyj;jpYs;s fyfKt kw;Wk; nkjpaht> mk;gd; fq;if Mw;W tbepyj;jpYs;s ehye;j kw;Wk; fyh Xah tbepyj;jpYs;s fyhntt kw;Wk; gy;ntfu Mfpad gFg;gha;tpw;F cl;gLj;j njupthfpapUe;jd.


71

%yk;: MCB Dila NWP Kiwikf;fhd ePu;r; rkdpiy Ma;T

cU 3-13 khjhe;j NtWgl;l kiotPo;r;rp

cU 3-15y; fhl;lg;gl;lthwhf ed;ik ngWk; gpuNjrkhdJ kP Xah(95)> njJW Xah(99) kw;Wl; fyh Xah(93) tbepyq;fSf;Fs;shf tUfpwJ. ePu;g;ghed Kiwikfspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpapidg; guprPypj;Jf; nfhz;L %d;W Mw;W tbepyq;fSk; ePuOj;jj;jpd; fPo; cs;sd. vt;thwhapDk; fyh Xah tbepyj;jpd; gFjpfshdit kfhtyp ePu; jpirjpUg;gypdhy; ed;ikailfpwJ. njJW Xah tbepyKk; mz;ikapy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l njJW Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpdhy; ed;ikailfpwJ. ,e;j %d;W MWfSk; [Pd njhlf;fk; Mf];l; tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; kpfTk; Fiwe;j gha;itg; gjpT nra;fpd;wd.

ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ 1950d; eLg;gFjpfspy; ehye;j Xahtpw;F FWf;Nf fyhntt tpd; ePu;

tpepNahfj;ij mjpfupf;Fk; ,yf;Fld; (jw;Nghija kfhtyp Kiwik H) (ee;jyhy; kw;Wk; uj;dhaNf> 2001) fl;lg;gl;lJ. ehye;j XahthdJ mk;gd; fq;ifapd; xU fpis MwhFk;. jw;nghOJ milf;fg;gl;l ePuhdJ gpujhdkjf njtFt kw;Wk; ntkby;y jpl;lq;fSf;F ePu; toq;fiy mjpfupg;gjw;fhf ntynkba Xahtpw;F vg;ghnty xOq;FgLj;jpahy; ePiu jpir jpUg;Gtjd; %yk; gpujhdkhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ehye;jtpd; topAk; ePuhdJ Nghtj;jd

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ (NWP ePu;r; rkdpiy Ma;T). ehye;j ePu;j; Njf;fj;jpd; ,aYikahdJ mizf;fl;bd; fl;likg;gpd; gytPdk; fhuzkhf KOikahfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. MdhYk; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ma;Tg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk cyf

tq;fpahy; epjpaPl;lg;gl;l mizf;fl;Lg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ePu; tsq;fs; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; (DSWRP) fPo; jpUj;jg;gLtjw;F Kd;nkhopag;gLfpwJ. GdUj;jhuz NtiyahdJ 2015y; G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl vjpu;g;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.


72

cU 3-14 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s gpujhd Mw;W tbepyq;fs;

3.1.4 epy ePu;

gdnghf;Nfapd; 3 tifg;gLj;jypd; gpufhuk; gFjpapYs;s ePu; CLflj;Jk; ghiwhadJ “upfypj;

CLflj;Jk;ghij” vd tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ ( cU 3-16). ,e;j CLflj;Jk; ghiwg;; gilahdJ rpwpa Fsj;njhFjpfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; ePu;kl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ kpfTk; jq;fpAs;sJ.

3,yq;ifapYs;s epyePu; ghiwg;gilfs;; – gdnghf;Nf kw;Wk; ngNuuh 2005


73

cU 3-15 ,yq;if epyePu; ghiwg;gilfs;

3.1.5 Nkw;gug;G ePu;j; juk;

kfhtyp MW kw;Wk; mjDld; ,ize;j ePu;g;ghrd Kiwikfspy; gy Ma;Tfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLd;wd. rpy Ma;Tfs; fPNo fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd:

a. ,yq;ifapd; ePu;g;ghrd ePupd; juk;:

,t; Ma;thdJ 20 ePu;g;ghrd ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; elhj;jg;gl;lJ. mtw;wpy; 8 kfhtyp tbepyj;jpy; cs;sd. juTfshdit Kd;ida Ma;TfspypUe;Jk; Njrpa ePu; toq;fy; kw;WK; tbfhyikg;Gr; rig vd;gtw;wplkpUe;J jfty;fs; Nrkpf;fg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; xU juTj; njhFg;Gf;F xU tpNrbj;j Fwpj;jf; fhyg;gFjpia xJf;FtJ rpukkhdjhFk;. Ma;thdJ tptrhak; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;jpaJld; nkhj;j fiuaf; $ba cg;G cs;slf;fj;jhy; mstplg;gl;l cg;Gj;jd;ik mghak; NtW miktplq;fSf;fhd Nrhbak; mad;fspd; tpfpjj;jhy; mstplg;gl;l Nrhbak; mghak; fy;tpak; kw;Wk; kf;dPrpak; nrwpTld; njhlu;Gila nkhj;j my;;ifiyd; kw;Wk; msTNfhyhd er;Rj;jd;ik vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpaJ. cu; Nrhbak; cwpQ;ry; tpfpjj;Jld; $ba cau; my;fiyd; ,izg;ghdJ Nrhbak; Mgj;ij mjpfupg;gjhf mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpwJ.


74

rpy;thtpdhy; 4 Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; jw;Nghija Ma;Tld; kpfTk;

njhlu;Giladtha; cs;sd:

Nrhbak; cwpQ;ry; tpfpjkhdJ ePu;kl;lk; Fiwthf cs;sNghJ mjpfupg;gjhf Njhd;WfpwJ.

;ve;j ePu;g;ghrd ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspYk; Nrhbak; cwpQ;ry; tpfpjkhdJ rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l ngWkhdj;ij tpl tpQ;rpr; nry;tjpy;iy.

Fiwe;j cg;Gj;jd;ik kw;Wk; fyhnt kw;Wk; kw;Wk; njhlu;Gila fyhntt kw;Wk; fe;jsha; Fsqfspy; Nrhbk; cwpQ;Rk; tpfpjk; vd;gd Nghtj;jid Clhf ePupd; khw;WifapypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;l nrwpT Fiwg;G vd fw;gpjk; nfhs;sf; $bait.

guhf;fpuk rKj;jpuk; kw;Wk; kpd;Ndupahtpd; (mk;gd; fq;ifapy; gpujhdkhfg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;gifts;) EC MdJ (cg;Gj; jd;ikapd; Rl;bfhl;b) Ma;T nra;ag;gl;l 43

Mz;Lfspd; nghOJ TDS fspy; ve;j xU fzprkhd mjpfupg;igAk; Rl;bf;fhl;ltpy;iy. kw;Wk; mJ vy;iykl;lg; ngWkhdj;jpYk; ed;F fPNoNa cs;sJ.

,jw;W Kuzhd tifapy; EC MdJ 1970 fspd; eLg;gFjpapy; cyu; tyaj;jpw;F kfhtyp Mwpd; khw;W tbepyk; jpirjpUg;gg;gl;ljpypUe;J Fiwe;Js;sJ.

fPo;ePNuhl;lg; gFjp ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; cau; ePuhtpahjyhdJ nkhj;j fiuf;fg;gl;lj;

jpz;kq;fspd; nrwpT Fiwtij jLf;ff; $baJ (TDS)

nghy;nfhy;y jlhfj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;Tfs; Studies (Bandara et al (undated), NWS&DB

(2012), De Silva/FAO (undated) kw;Wk; mjd; KbTfSk; Nky; ePNuhl;lj;jpypUe;J tptrhaf; fopTfspd; gha;T fhuzkhfg; gpujhdkhf ePu;j; jukhdJ Fiwtiltjhfr; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ.

vt;thwhhapDk; nghy;nfhy;yapy; NWS&DB Nru;g;G cs;nsLg;G ,lk;ngWfpwJ mj;Jld; ePu;j;jukhdJ mq;F fz;fhzpf;fg;gLfpwJ. guprPypf;fg;glNtz;ba kw;nwhU tplak; vd;dntdpy; nghy;fhnty;y ,Ue;jhd ePuhdJ cf;Fnty kpd;rf;jp epiyaj;jpd; Clhff;

fye;J xU ,aw;ifg; ghij kw;Wk; fhy;thA+lhf NWP d; cj;Njr jpirjpUg;gYf;F kd;dhf fle;J nry;fpwJ. me;j tifapy; fhw;Whl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhd ePu;j;juj;jpd; kPjhd xU rhjfj; jhf;fk; ,lk;ngwf;$baJ. vt;thwhapDk; ed;ikapd; msit kjpg;gpLtjw;F xU tpgukhd

ePu;j;ju Ma;T ru;r;irf;Fupa gFjpapypUe;jhd NWP gFjpfspypUe;Jk; Md juTfs; cl;gl jw;fhypf toq;fy; nra;aNtz;bajhf cs;sJ.

b. ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba ePupd; juk;

NWP fhy;thapd; gpujhd ePu; %yk; Nghtj;jid ePu;j;Njf;fkhFk;. 100 MCM ePuhdJ NWP w;F khw;wg;gLtjw;fhf ,e;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. Nghtj;jd

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ePu;j;ju Rl;nly;iyfs; NWP fhy;thapw;fhd jpirjpUg;gy; Gs;spapd; cldbahd Nky; Nehf;fpa ePNuhl;lk; vd;gd gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; jug;gLfpwJ.

4 Quality of irrigation water – status and trends, Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollutin Volume I No 1

and 2 (2004)


75

ml;ltiz 3-3 Nghtj;jid ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ePu;j;juk;

vy;iyf;NfhL pH EC µS/cm Salinity TDS (mg/l)

SAR (high level

SAR (low level)

Chlorides (CL-

)mg/l

Sulphates (SO4

-

)mg/l

mtjhdpj;j ngWkhdk;

7.19-8.19 84-90 98 0.199 0.545 6.92-97.90

3.68-97.9

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l vy;iyfs;

vspa Rj;jg;gLj;JifAld; $ba FbePu;

6.0-8.5 - 200 (cau;e;jgl;r)

250 (cau;e;jgl;r)

Fspay; ePu; 6.0-9.0

ePu;g;ghrdk; 6.0-8.5 700 (cau;e;jgl;r)

500 6-15 6-15 100 (cau;e;jgl;r)

1000 (cau;e;jgl;r)

%yk;: E I L Silva5

TDS – nkhj;j fiuahj jpz;kq;fs;, SAR- Nrhba cwpQ;ry; tpfpjk;, cau; kl;lk; –ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy;

cau; ePu;kl;lk;, jho;kl;lk; –ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; jho; ePu;kl;lk;

3.2 capupay; Rw;whly;

3.2.1 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfs; ,Uj;jy; (PA)

cj;Njr tlNky; khfhz fhy;tha;> 78.6 fpkP ePsKila gpujhdkhf kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l tho;tplq;fshfpa tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs; ney;tay;fs;> tptrhaf; fhzpfs; kw;Wk; xU jdpj;j ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjp Kd;dNu gpufldQ; nra;ag;gl;l fhl;Lg; gFjpfspid cs;slf;Fk; ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyak; Nghd;w gFjpfSlhf nry;fpwJ. ml;ltiz3.4 MdJ cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapYs;s fhl;Lg; ghJfhg;gplq;fs; kw;Wk; ruzhyaq;fspd; tp];jpuj;jdj;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ. ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyak; kw;Wk; fhl;Lg;gFjpfs; njJW Xah kP Xah fyh Xahtpd ePNue;Jg; gFjpfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;nfd gpujhdkhf epWtg;gl;ld. ,itfs; ,yq;ifapd; tlNky; khfhzj;jpYs;s rpy ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfshfTk; cs;sd. vy;yh cj;Njr fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfSk; ffy;y gy;Nyfy ryzhyaj;jpNyNa ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. fhl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jplNkh my;yJ tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;Gj; jpizf;fsj;jplNkh ruzhyaj;jpdJ Kfhikj; jpl;lnkhd;W ,Uf;ftpy;iy. MfNt cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghLfshtd ruzhyaj;jpy; ,lk;ngwf; $ba cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghLfs; Fwpj;J mtu;fsJ fUj;Jf;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf fhl;Lj;

jpizf;fsk; my;yJ DWC gzpahs;j; njhFjpapdUld; xU tpgukhd fye;Jiuahly; xd;iw elhj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;jf; fye;Jiuahliy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ahidfSf;F fpilf;ff; $ba ,lj;ij mjpfupg;gjw;fhf kdpjf; FbapUg;Gf;fspd; vy;iyia Nehf;fp jw;NghJs;s kpd;rhu Ntypia kPsikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F ,zq;fg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; kfhfpJy kw;WK; kfhfpUy Nghd;w ,U ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; epWtg;gLtjd; epkpj;jkhf vOk; tho;tpl ,og;ig <Lnra;tjw;fhf fpl;lj;jl;l 340 n`f;Nlau; ruzhyaj;jpd; nfhz;L nry;Yk; ,aYikia mjpfupf;Fk; nghUl;L Njf;F gapuplg;gl;l gFjpfspy; eLifia ,d;Dk; mjpfk; tsg;gLj;jTk; ,zq;fg;gl;lJ.

5 Silva, E.I.L, 2004. Quality of irrigation water in Sri Lanka- Status and trends. Asian Journal of Water,

Environment and Pollution. Vol1. No.1&2. Pp.5-12


76

ml;ltiz 3-4 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s td xJf;fPLfs; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;gplq;fs;.

ngau; tif gug;G (n`f;Nlaupy;)

khtl;lk; gpufldk; nra;j jpfjp

kh vypa FR 381.2 FUzhfy 02. 08.1935 ffy;y PR 34.0 mEuhjGu ffy;y FR 3292.5 mEuhjGu 11.10.1935 gy;Nyfy FR 12,721.4 FUzhfy 04.02.1896 ffy;y-gy;Nyfy S1 21,690.0 FUzhfy / mEuhjGu 11.07.1989

FR - fhL, PR – cj;Njr td xJf;fPL, S – ruzhyak; ffy;f kw;Wk; gy;Nyfy td xJf;fPl;bd; xU gFjpahdJ ffy;y-gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpd; cs;shd gFjpapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ml;ltiz 3-5 MdJ NtWgl;l tifahd tho;tplq;fs; Clhf fle;J nry;Yk; fhy;thapd; gpupTfspdJ ePsj;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 3-5 NWP fhy;tha; gpupTfspd; topNa Jhuksf;Fk; vy;iyf;NfhLfSk; gpujhd tho;tplq;fSk;

gpupTfs; Jhuksf;Fk; vy;iyf;NfhL (fpkP)

ePsk; (fpkP)

fhzpg;ghtiz FRd; ngau;

gpujhd jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;tha; (jk;Gs;s XahtpypUe;J ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fk;)

0- 7.820 7.820 tay;> tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;> Gju;epyq;fs;> Nridg; gapu;r;nra;if ,lq;fs; > fhlhf khwpait

,y;iy

ntkby;ytpypUe;jhd fhy;tha; Gjpa kjF

0- 0.560 0.560 tay;> tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;> Gju;epyq;fs

,y;iy

jw;NghJs;s njtFt toq;Fk; fhy;tha;

0- 5.150 ,y;iy

neglfftj;jtpypUe;J kfhfpJytpw;fhd fhy;tha;

5.150- 23.940

23.940 tay;> tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;> Gju;epyq;fs;> Nridg; gapu;r;nra;if ,lq;fs; > fhlhf khwpait> njd;id kw;Wk; Njf;F Vida eLiffs;

ffy;y td xJf;fPL/ ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyak; (ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shf 2.8fpkP 700 kP epyf;fPo;g;gFjp cl;gl)

kfhfpJytpypUe;J nghJtpy Fsj;jpw;fhd fhy;tha;

0- 1.490 1.490 fhL> tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;> Gju;epyq;fs;> njd;id Ke;jpup

gy;Nyfy td

xJf;fPL/ ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyak;


77

kfhfpJytpw;fhd kfhfpUy Fsj;jpw;fhd fhy;tha;

0- 3.660 3.660 fhL> Gju;epyk;> Njf;F

ffy;y td

xJf;fPL/ ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyak;

kfhfpUytpypUe;J Nky; kP Xahtpw;fhd fhy;tha;

0-21.230 21.230 fhL> Gju;epyk;> tay;> tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fs;

ffy;y td xJf;fPL/ ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyak; (ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shf 5fpkP kl;Lk;)

nkjpaht KiwikfSf;fhd njhFjpf;fhd fhy;tha;

0-19.900 19.900 njd;id> Gju;epyk;> tay;> tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fs;

,y;iy

78.600

3.2.2 rhfpatpay; tsq;fs; - jhtuk;

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpahdJ ,U jhtug; gpuhe;jpaq;fis cUthf;fpwJ. mitahtd:

“tl ,ilj;ju fPo;epyq;fs;” kw;Wk; “cyu;e;j kw;Wk; mjp cyu; fPo;epyq;fs;” MFk;. tl,ilj;ju fPo;epyq;fspy; ,Ug;gjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;ff; $ba tifkhjpupahd ,aw;ifj; jhtu

tifahdJ kj;jpa Nfhl;L <u miu vg;NghJk; gr;irf;fhLfshFk; (Filicium-Euphoria-

Artocarpus- Myristica series). ntg;gtya vg;NghJk; cyu;gr;irf; fhLfs; kdpy;fhu

rdr%fk;> ,ilfyg;G rdr%fk; (Chloroxylon-Vitex-Berrya-Schleichera series), ntg;gtya

Kl;fhLfs; (Manilkara-Chloroxylon-Salvadora-Randia series), jk;kd;d kw;Wk; tpy;Yg; Gy;epyq;fs;> nts;s ntWk; <uepyq;fs;> Mw;Nwhu kw;Wk; ghu;itg; Gy fhLfs;> cyu;e;j kw;Wk; mjpAau; cyu; fPo;epyg;gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,f;fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpahdJ ehl;bd; ,ilj;ju kw;Wk; cyu;g; gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLtJld; cyu; fyg;G vg;NghJk; gr;irf; fhLfs; (Fog;gg;lhjitfSk; juk; FiwahjitAk;) Gju;epyq;fs;> fhl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jhy; epWtg;gl;l mopT Vw;gl;l Njf;Fj;l Njhl;lq;fs;> kiyfspYs;s ghiwg; gapu;r; nra;ifj; jhtuq;fs; (c.k; fy;fpupafk) kw;Wk; ePNuhikfspd; fiufis mz;ba Mw;Nwhuf; fhLfs; vd;gd fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; mike;Js;sd. tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;>tptrhag; gapu; epyq;fs;> ney;tay;fs;> gUtfhy Fsq;fs; Mtd gFjpapYs;s kdpjdhy; jpUj;jk; nra;ag;gl;l tho;tplq;fshFk;.

tptrha uPjpapyhd rhfpatpayhdJ IM3b (,ilj;ju ,il ehL), IL3 (,ilj;ju jho;ehL), kw;Wk;

DL1 (cyu; fPo;epyq;fs;) tptrha #opay; tyaq;fSf;F cupajhf ,Ug;gJld; rptg;G kz;epw kz;izAk; Fiwe;j cf;fy; kz;Zld; $ba jug;ghq;fhd jiuiaAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ruhrup kiotPo;r;rpahdJ 1000-2000 kpkP Mf ,Ug;gJld; tlfPo;g; gUtg; ngau;r;rpf;fhw;W (xf;Nlhgu;- [dtup) ,g;gFjpf;F mjpf kiotPo;r;rpiaf; nfhz;L tUfpwJ. tUlhe;j ntg;gepiyahdJ

27.5 oC w;Fk; mjpfkhfTk; mj;Jld; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapd; epycaukhdJ fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 217ypUe;J 103 tiuf;Fk; NtWgLfpwJ.


78

(a) Kiwapay;

Ma;T Kiwapay;fshdit NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l gpwpnjhU mj;jpahaj;jpy; ftdpf;fg;gl;l nghOJk; rhfpatpay; Ma;TfSf;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l tpNrbj;j Kiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLtJ Kf;fpakhdJ. fUj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghLfSf;fhf gFjpfspy; ,zq;fhzg;gl xU Gydha;T fUj;jha;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. (fhy;tha; mbg;gFjp> ffy;y-gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpYs;s cj;Njr ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshfpa kfhfpJy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy> kPs;FbNaw;wg;gl Ntz;ba ,lq;fs;> fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ePu;g;gha;r;r Ntz;ba ,lq;fs;) mj;Jld; gpujhd tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; jhtutiffis jPu;khdpg;gjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; rhfpatpay; mk;rq;fspd; jfty; ,ilntspfs; ,zq;fhzg;gl;lJ. Nkyjpfkhf xU Ma;thdJ tho;tplq;fspd; juk;>];jpuj;jdk;> jhtutif kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; miktplq;fspid epr;rag;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;lJ.

NtWgl;l tho;tplq;fs; jhtu tiffspd; xU capupd tif epuiy ,zq;fhZtjw;fhf jahupf;fg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpfspy; xU tptuzkhd fstprhupg;G Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mg;gFjpf;Nf cupaJk; Mgj;jpYs;sJkhd jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffis ,zq;fhZtjw;Fk; nghUs; rhfpatpay; kPjhd cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghl;bd; jhf;fq;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;Fkhf ,J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ntl;br; nry;Yk; Nfhl;bw;fhd Ma;T

KiwikahdJ (100 x 5kP) fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapd; jhtu NtWghl;bd; vz;zpf;ifia fz;L nfhs;tjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. NfhL ntl;Lk; mr;Rg; Gs;spfs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf xU re;ju;g;gj; juTr; Nrfupg;ghdJ Nfhl;L ntl;Liff;F ntspNa Kbthd nghOnjy;yhk; nra;ag;gl;lJld; gFjpapYs;s jhtu tpyq;Ffspd; G+uz Mtzg;gLj;jiy cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf khjpupg;gLj;jy; Jz;lq;fs; nra;ag;gl;ld. gy;tif capu;j; jd;ik kw;Wk; Rw;whly; gpur;rpidfs; kPjhd ,uz;lhk; epiyj; jfty;fshdit fpuhkj;jtu;fs; cupa cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; jdpg;gl;l njhlu;Gfs; Clhf Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld. ,J gpuRupf;fg;gl;l Mtzq;fs; kw;Wk; gpuRupf;fg;glhj juTfspid kPs;ghu;it nra;tjw;fhf nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf Gifg;gl gjpTfs; vd;gd capupdg; gy;tifj; jd;ikapd; ghu;it mk;rq;fspypUe;J nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. jhtuq;fspd; epuyhdJ NtWgl;l tho;tplq;fs; Ma;Tg;gFjpapd; vd;gtw;Wld; njhlu;GgLj;jp jahupf;fg;gl;ld. ,e;jg; gFjpfspy; ngupa ,aw;if jhtu cUthf;fkhdJ fhzg;gl;l gFjpfspy; cyu; fyg;G vg;NghJk; gr;irf; fhLfshfTk; (Fog;gg;glhjitfSk; kw;Wk; juk; FiwahjdTk;) kw;Wk; Gju;epyq;fSkha; ,Ue;jd.

capupd tiffspd; ,zq;fhZifahdJ ,Wjpahf jhtuq;fs; gw;wpf; fpilf;ff; $ba

Gj;jfq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUe;jd. {jrehaf;f kw;Wk; fpNyld;, (1996 - 2000),

jrehaf;f kw;Wk; ngh];Ngu;f;, (1980) and (1981 - 1991) jrehaf;f, et al., (1994 - 1995) kw;Wk; (2006)}.

fhzg;gLk; capupd tiffspd; ngaiuj; njupT nra;tjhdJ nrduj;d, L.K. (2001) I mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L nra;ag;gl;lJ. capupd tiffspd; ghJfhg;G epiyahdJ ,yq;ifapd; 2012 Njrpa rptg;G epuy; kw;Wk; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd jhtu tpyq;F

kPjhd cyfshtpa (IUCN (2013) epuypd; gpufhuk; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; tho;tplq;fs;

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; gpujhd tho;tplq;fshd ,aw;if tho;tplq;fshtd xg;gPl;lstpy; Fog;gg;glhj vg;nghOJk; cyu; gr;irf; fhLfs; MfTk;> juk; Fiwe;J Nghd vg;NghJk; gr;irf; fhLfs; (,uz;lhe;juf; fhLfs;)> Gju;epyq;fs; kw;Wk; ePNuhilf; fiufspYs;s Mw;Nwhuf; fhLfshfTk; cs;sd. Nkyjpfkhf Njf;F kw;Wk; Afypg;l;]; jhtuj;Njhl;lq;fSk;> ahidfshy; Nrjkhf;fg;gl;litfSk; ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.


79

xg;gPl;lstpy; Fog;gg;glhj cyu; fyg;G vg;NghJk; gr;irf; fhLfshtd kfhfpUy Fsk; (152 n`f;) kw;Wk; ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shd fhy;tha; epyg;gFjp vd;gtw;wpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. cj;Njr ePu;j;Njf;fk; kfhfpUyg; gFjpapy; (172 n`f;) cyu; fyg;G vg;NghJk; gr;irf; fhLfs;> Gju;epyq;fs;> ahidfshy; Nrjkhf;fg;gl;l Njf;Fj; jhtuq;fs; cs;sd. cyu; fyg;G vg;NghJk; gr;irf; fhLfspd; njhFjpahdJ gpd;tUk; kuq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

– Manilkarahexandra (Palu), Alseodaphne semecarpifolia (Wewarana), Vitex altissima (Milla), Syzygium

cumini (Madan), Pleurostylia opposita (Panakka), Schleichera oleosa (Kon), Dialium ovoideum (Gal

Siyambala), Chloroxylonswietenia (Burutha), Pterospermum suberifolium (Welan), Berrya cordifolia

(Halmilla), and Diospyrosebenum (Kaluwara). Drypetes sepiaria (Wira) forms the sub-canopy of these

forests. The understorey vegetation includes medium sized trees such as Diospyros ovalifolia

(Kunumella), D. ferrea, Limonia acidissima, Nothopegiabeddomeiand shrubs such as Ochna lanceolata

(Kera), Tarenna asiatica (Tharana), Memecylon angustifolium, M. capitellatum, M. umbellatum, Mallotus

resinosus, Croton laccifer and Dimorphocalyx glabellus (Thenkuttiya).

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapYs;s rpy fhl;Lj; Jz;lq;fshtd Nridg; gapu;r; nra;iff;fhf fhlopg;gjd; epkpj;jkhfTk; kuj;Njhg;Gf;fs; cgNjhg;Gf;fs; mfw;wg;gl;ljd; epkpj;jkhfTk; juk; Fiwe;j fhLfsha; cs;sd. iftplg;gl;l ,e;jg; gFjpfshtd Gw;fs; kw;Wk; cgjhtuq;fshfpa Kd;dhy; capupdq;fshy; gjpag;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j rPuopTw;w gFjpfshdit kPz;Lk; %ba Njhg;Gf; fhLfshf ,aw;ifahd njhlu;epiyfshf khw;wKwhj tifapy; ,Ug;gJld; ,itfs; Gju;epyq;fshf fUjg;glTk; cs;sd. ,t;tplq;fspy; gpd;tUk;

Gju;epyq;fspypUe;jhd capupd tiffSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd Bauhinia racemosa (Maila), Carissa

spinarum (Karamba), Catunaregam spinosa (Kukuruman), Dichrostachys cinerea, Flueggea leucopyrus

(Katupila), Gmelina asiatica (Demata), Grewia orientalis, Hugonia mystax, Ichnocarpus frutescens,

Lantana camara (Gandapana), Memecylon umbellatum, Phyllanthus polyphyllus (Kuratiya), Scutia

myrtina, Syzygium cumini (Damba), Toddalia asiatica (Kudumiris)kw;Wk; Ziziphus oenoplia . ,Unjdp Xah Nghd;w ePNuhilfspd; fiufspNy xLf;fkhd Mw;wq;fiuj;Jz;lq;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Terminalia Arjuna (Kumbuk) vd;gJ kpfTk; nghJthd Mw;wq;fiuj; Jz;lhf

cs;sJ. Vida capupdq;fshtd Polyalthia longifolia, Madhuca longifolia, Diospyros malabaricum

(Timbiri), Nauclea orientalis (Bakmi) Diospyros ferrea, Pongamia pinnata (Karanda), Hydnocarpus

venenata (Makulla), kw;Wk; Vitex leucoxylon (Nebada).

cj;Njr fhl;Lg; ghJfhg;gplkhfpa fy;fpupa fe;jtpYs;s Fd;Wj; jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; gpd;tUk;

kuq;fs; mlq;Ffpd;wd Diospyros ebenum (Kaluwara), Diospyros nummulariifolia, Diospyros ovalifolia

(Kunumella), Drypetes sepiaria (wira), Vitex altissima (Milla), Pterospermum suberifolium (Welan),

Manilkara hexandra (Palu), Chloroxylon swietenia (Burutha), Wrightia angustifolia, Cassia fistula (Ehela),

Alseodaphne semecarpifolia (Wewarana), Walsura trifoliolata (Kirikon), and Strychnos nux-vomica

(Goda-Kaduru) korinti (Ulkenda), Carissa spinarum (Heen Karamba), Carmona retusa (Heen Thambala),

Glycosmis mauritiana, Croton laccifer (Keppetiya), Mallotus rhamnifolius, Memecylon umbellatum

(Korakaha), Catunaregam spinosa(Kukurumanna), Ochna lanceolata (Malkera), Tarenna asiatica

(Tharana), Flueggea leucopyrus (Katupila), and Ziziphus oenoplia (Heen Eraminya).


80

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapYs;s jhtuq;fs;

nkhj;jkhf 133 jhtu tiffs; (77kuq;fs;. 17 Gju;epyq;fs;> 10 %ypifj; jhtuq;fs;> 28

Vwpfs; my;yJ tsupfs; kw;Wk; 1 FUtpr;ir) Mfpa 112capupdj; njhFjpfspy; kw;Wk; 47

FLk;gq;fs; ,f;fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; tho;tplq;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. Ma;tpd; nghOJ

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l tptuzkhd jhtu capupdq;fspd; tpguk; gpd;zpizg;G

VI-V- ml;ltizfs; 1, 2 kw;Wk; 3y; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.

ml;ltiz 3-6 jhtu capupdq;fspd; RUf;ff;Fwpg;G

capupdq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if

mt;tplj;jpw;Nfahd

capupdq;fs;

RNjr

capupdq;fs;

ntspthupahd

capupdq;fs;

Njrpa uPjpapy;

mr;RWj;Jf;Fs;sh

dJ

133 10 120 3 4

mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shdJk; mt;tplj;jpw;Fk; cupaJkhd jhtuq;fs;

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nghJg;gFjpapy; 4 mr;RWj;Jf;Fs;shdJk; 10 mt;tplj;jpw;FupaJkhd jhtuq;fs; cyu;tyaj;jpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;L gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. gjpT nra;ag;gl;l 133 ,dq;fspy; 4 Njrpa uPjpapy; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shdjhFk;. (ml;ltiz 3-7). gjpT nra;ag;gl;l vy;yh mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shdJ; mt;tplj;jpw;FupaJkhd jhtu ,dq;fs; jdpj;Jtkw;wit ,y;yJ fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;lit.

ml;ltiz 3-7 gjpT nra;ag;gl;l mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shdJk; mt;tplj;jpw;Fk;

cupaJkhd jhtuq;fs;

FLk;gk; capupdk; cs;Su;g; ngau; HA TS CS GCS

Apocynaceae Wrightia angustifolia T E NE

Asteraceae Vernonia zeylanica Pupulu C E NE

Ebenaceae Diospyros nummulariifolia T E

EN

Ebenaceae Diospyros ebenum Kaluwara T N EN DD

Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum zeylanicum T E NE

Fabaceae Derris parviflora Sudu Kala Wel C E NE

Flacourtiaceae Hydnocarpus venenata Makulla T E NE

Melastomataceae Memecylon capitellatum T E NE

Melastomataceae Memecylon petiolatum T E VU NE

Rubiaceae Haldina cordifolia Kolon T N VU NE

Rubiaceae Mitragyna parvifolia Helamba T N VU NE

Tiliaceae Diplodiscus verrucosus Dikwenna T E NE

Verbenaceae Premna alstoni S E NE

(HA – tho;tplk;, T – kuk;, C – nfhbfs;, Ep- FUtpr;ir, TS – capupdtiffspd; epiy, E –

mg;gFjpf;Fupa, N – RNjr, CS – 2012 rptg;G epuy; ghJfhg;G epiy GCS- cyfshtpa ghJfhg;G

epiy, EN- Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd, VU – jhf;fg;glf;$ba, NE- kjpg;gplg;glhjJ, DD- juTf;FiwghL)


81

3.2.3 rhfpatpay; tsq;fs; - tpyq;F

Ma;T Kiwapay;

fUj;jpl;lk; kPjhd vy;yhg; ghl Ehy;fSk; kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;lJld; Njitahd jfty;fs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; cldbj; jhf;f tyaj;jpw;F #oTs;s gFjpfspd; ngupa tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; jhtu tbtikg;Gf;fspd; ,zq;fhz xU Gydha;Tf; fUj;jha;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. tpgukhd fs tprhuizfs; Ntiyg; gFjpfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,it fUj;jpl;lg; gFjp topNa Gydha;Tf; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G fzpg;Gfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lk; fhzpg;glq;fs; kw;Wk; Ma;Tg; gFjpapd; nra;kjpg; glq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lk; tptukhd fstprhuizfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Neub kw;Wk; kiwKfj; jhf;fg;gFjpfshf ,zq;fhzg;gl;l midj;Jg; gFjpfSk; cs;slf;fp nkhj;jk; 48 gFjpfshf;fg;gl;ld.

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapd; Gyk;ngau; kw;Wk; kiotPo;r;rpf; fhyj;ij cs;slf;fp xf;Nlhgu; 2013ypUe;J brk;gu; 2013 tiu fstprhuizfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; ,zq;fhzg;gl;l gFjpfspy; Gs;spf; fzf;fPLfs; kw;Wk; FWf;F ,ilntl;Lfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l vy;yh capupd tiffSk; mtw;wpd; miktplk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJld; mtw;wpd; tho;tplj;jpd;

gpufhuk; Kbtplq;fs; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. vy;yh khjpupg; gFjpfSk; GPS cl;$Wfs;

vLj;jhsg;gl;ld. me;jj; juTfshdit GIS NkilAld; ,izf;fg;glf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk; NkYk; mNj khjpupg;gLj;jy; gq;Ffshdit epu;khzj;jpw;F gpe;jpa fz;fhzpg;G Ntiy Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLkhapd; jpUk;gr; nra;af; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. kdpju;fshy; Fog;gf; $ba Ntiyj; njhlu;ghf rhfpa Kiwikapd; jw;Nghija epiy kw;Wk; jw;Nghija mr;RWj;jy;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. Ma;Tg; gFjpapd; tpyq;Ffspd; epuypd; juTfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mitfs; njhFf;fg;gl;lJld; gpw;gl;l tho;tplq;fspy; thOk; capupd tiffspd; tiffs; kw;Wk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; cldbj; jhf;fg; gFjpfspy; tho;gifts; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;ld. ,Wjpahf Vw;glf;$ba #oypay; jhf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapDs;Sk; ntspNak; fhzg;gLk; Rw;whly; gpur;rpidfs; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf gy;ypd capu;j;jd;ik kw;Wk; Rw;whly; gpur;rpidfs; kPjhd ,uz;lhk; epiyj;

jfty;fs; jdpg;gl;l fpuhkj;jtUlDk; DWC kw;Wk; FD cj;jpNahfj;jpdUlDk; njhlu;Gs;s Ml;fSldhd njhlu;ghly; %yk; Nrkpf;fg;gl;ld. ,it gpuRupf;fg;gl;l Mtzq;fs; gpuRupf;fg;glhj juTfs; kPsha;T nra;tjdhy; nra;ag;gl;ld. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf Gifg;gl gjpTfSk; gy;Yapupdj; jd;ikapd; ghu;it mk;rq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L nra;ag;gl;ld.

fhzg;gLk; capupd tiffis ,zq;fhZjy; jw;nghOJ cs;s capupd tiffSf;Fg; ngau; itj;jy; vd;gd ,yq;ifapy; jhtuk; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs; njhlu;ghf ,yq;ifapy; ntspte;j Ehy;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;like;jpUe;jd. capupd tiffspd;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l epiyahdJ mr;RWj;jg;gl;l jhtu tpyq;Ffspd; IUCN epuy; gpufhuk;

jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ (gpd;zpizg;G VI-V ml;ltiz 1>2 kw;Wk; 3 Ig; ghu;f;Ff)


82

fUj;jpl ;lg ; gFjpapd; tpyq;Ffspd; gl;bay;

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapYs;s tpyq;fpd tiffspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if 181 Mf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mtw;Ws; tz;zhj;Jg; G+r;rpfs;> Jk;gpfs;> jiu ej;ijfs;> cs;ehl;L kPd;fs;> <&lf capupfs;> Cu;tdf;fs;> gwitfs; kw;WK; KiA+l;bfs; vd;gd mlq;Ffpd;wd. (ml;ltiz 3-8) mtw;wpy; 18 tiffs; ,yq;iff;Nf cupj;jhdit. tpyq;Ff; $l;bNy Njrpa uPjpahf mr;RWj;jg;gl;Ls;sitfs; 7 MfTk; 5 capupd tiffs; Mgj;jpYs;sdthAk; 2 jhf;fg;glf; $badthAk; cs;sd. NkYk; 6 capupd tiffs; Njrpa uPjpapy;

mr;RWj;jg;gl;ljhfTk; epuw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ (MOE, 2012) kpUff; $l;by; cyfshtpa uPjpapy; mr;RWj;jyhf;fg;gl;l 5 apupd tiffSk; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd ( 3 Mgj;Jf;Fs;shdJ kw;Wk; 2 jhf;fg;glf; $baJ) kw;Wk; 9 capupd tiffs; cyfshtpa neUq;fpa uPjpapy;

mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (IUCN, 2013). fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l tpyq;F capupdj; njhFjpapy; xU md;dpa kPd; tifapdKk; 9 Gyk;ngau; fhLfspy; thOk; gwitfSk; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.

ml;ltiz 3-8 tpyq;Ffspd; juTr; RUf;fk;

capupdtifj; njhFjp nkhj;jk;

mNj gFjpf;FupaJ Gyk;ngau; me;epa CR EN VU NT

Jk;gpfs; 11 1

tz;zhj;Jg; G+r;rp 35 1 1

jiu ej;ijfs; 3 2

kPd; 6 1 1

<&lfthopfs; 4

Cu;td 19 3 1

gwit 78 7 9 2 (4)

KiyA+l;bfs; 25 3 5 (3) 1 (2) 3 (5)

nkhj;jk; 181 18 9 2 0 5 (3) 2 (2) 6 (9)

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l RUf;nfOj;Jr nrhw;fs;:CR – fLk; Mgj;jpw;Fs;shdJ, EN -

Mgj;jpw;Fs;shdJ, VU – jhf;fg;glf;$baJ, NT – neUq;fpa mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shdJ

Jk;gpfs;: nkhj;jkhf 11 tif ,dq;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;d. mjpy; ,yq;iff;Nf kl;Lk; cupj;jhd xd;W cs;slf;g;gLfpwJ. mNdf Jk;gpfs; Fw tho;tplq;fspy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l ve;j capupd tiffSk; mr;RWj;jyf;Fs;shditahf epuw;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.

tz;zhj;Jg; G+r;rpfs;: 35 tz;zhj;Jg; G+r;rpfs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. ,jpy; xd;W khj;jpuk;; ,yq;iff;F cupaJ. mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l vy;yh capupd tiffSk; ,yq;ifapd; cyu; tyak; kw;WK; ,ilj;ju tyaj;jpy; nghJtha; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Papilio crino (Banded

Peacock) Njrpa uPjpapy; mr;RWj;jyf;Fs;shdjhf fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; epuw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,t; capupd tifahdJ kfhfpJy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy Fsj;jpd; epkpj;jk; ePUs; %o;Fk; gFjpapypUe;J


83

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j capupd tiifahdJ ,yq;ifapy; gutyhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; ,jd; tho;tplq;fspy; tPo;r;rp Vw;gLtjd; epkpj;jk; ,J xU mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupd tifahf epuw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpy; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; tho;tpl ,og;ghdJ fpilf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk; xUkpj;j tho;tplq;fspd; 1 tPjj;jpYk; Fiwtha; cs;sJ. MfNt ,e;j mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupd tif kPJ ,J xU fzprkhd jhf;fkhf ,Uf;fhJ.

ed;dPu; kPd;fs;: MW capupd tifapy; xd;W mt;tplj;jpw;FupajhfTk; ,d;ndhd;W me;epakhdjhAk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Neubj;jhf;f tyaj;jpw;Fs;shf fhzg;gLk; ePuf tho;tplq;fspypUe;J gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tw;wpy; vJTk; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupdkkhf epuw;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.

<&lfthopfs;: 4 capupdtif gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tw;Ws; vJTk; ,yq;iff;F cupj;jhdjhfNth my;yJ mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shdjhfNth ,Uf;ftpy;iy. kdpj nra;wghLfs; mjpfKs;s jiuj;Nhw;wq;fspy; nghJthff; fhzg;gLk;.

Cu;td: nkhj;jkhd 19 capupd tifapy; 3 mt;tplj;jpw;Fupadthf gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,it midj;Jk; cyu;tyaj;jpy; nghJthff; fhzg;gLtjhf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,it vitAk; Njrpa uPjpapy; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shf;fg;gltpy;iy.

gwitfs;: 78 tiffSs; 7 ,t;tplj;jpw;Fupajhf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; 9 Gyk;ngau; gwit ,d tiffs; gpujhdkhf fhl;L tho;tplq;fspy; tho;tJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tpNrlkhf ffy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaq;fspYk; fy;fpupafe;jtpYs;s cj;Nje fhl;Lg; ghJfhg;G mbf;Fd;WfspYk; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

KiyA+l;bfs;: nkhj;jkhf 25y; %d;W ,t;tplj;jpwFupadtha; cl;gl gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;Ws; mNdfkhdit mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shdit. ,tw;Ws; 5 Njrpa uPjpapy;

mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shdjhAk; 1 jhf;fg;glf; $bajhAk; cs;sJ (MOE, 2012). mNdfkhd Mgj;;Jf;Fs;shdit ffy;y gy;Nyfy ryzhyaj;jpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; 25

capupdq;fspy; 5 cyfshtpa mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupd tif mlq;fyhf cs;sJ (IUCN,

2013).

mupjhd> mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd> mt;tplj;jpw;Fupa caupd tiffspd; ,zq;fhZif my;yJ tu;j;jf uPjpapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j capupdq;fs;

cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf ,zq;fhzg;gl;l gFjpfs; kw;Wk; mtw;iwr; #oTs;s gFjpfspy; ,zq;fhzg;gl;l capupd tiffs; ,yq;ifapd; cyu; kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju tyaq;fspy; nghJthf vjpu;nfhs;sg;gLtdtha; cs;sd. nkhj;j tpyq;Ffspy; 18 mt;tplj;jpw;Fupadtha; ml;ltiz 3-7y; Ma;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupa capupd tiffs; jPT uPjpahd guk;gypy; fhzg;gLk; nghJthd capupd tifaha; cs;sd. ,t;tplj;jpw;Nf cupa ve;j cpupdKk; Ma;Tf;FupaJ khj;jpuk; vd;W tiuaWff;fg;gltpy;iy. fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupait mtjhdpf;fg;glhjJ xU toikf;F khwhd epfo;T my;y Vnddpy; ,yq;ifapd; <utyaq;fNshL xg;gpLk; nghOJ cyu; kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju tyaq;fspd; tho;tpl MjuthdJ capupd vz;zpf;ifiag; nghWj;jstpy; Fiwtha; cs;sJ. mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupj;jhdJ vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLk; ve;jnthU tifAk; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpahy; fzprkhd msT ghjpf;fg;gl Nghtjpy;iy. Vnddpy; cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; jhf;fKWk; gFjpf;Fs;shf mtw;wpd; rdj;njhifapy; rpwpa njhif khj;jpuNk cs;sJ.


84

ml;ltiz 3-9 cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; jhf;fKWk; mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupa tpyq;Ffspd; epuy;

FLk;gk; tpQ;Qhdg; ngau; Mq;fpyg; ngau; TS

Protoneuridae Prodasineura sita Stripe-headed Threadtail E

Pieridae Appias galena Lesser albatross E

Camaenidae Beddomea frifasciatus E

Cyclophoridae Theobaldius Spp. E

Cyprinidae Puntius singhala Filamented Barb E

Agamidae Otocryptis nigristigma Black spotted kangaroo lizard E

Trionychidae Lissemys ceylonensis Flapshell turtle E

Natricidae Xenochrophis cf. piscator Checkered Keelback E

Bucerotidae Ocyceros gingalensis Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill E

Campephagidae Tephrodornis pondicerianus Common Woodshrike E

Columbidae Treron pompadora Pompadour Green-pigeon E

Phasianidae Gallus lafayetii Sri Lanka Junglefowl E

Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus melanicterus Black-crested Bulbul E

Ramphastidae Megalaima rubricapilla Crimson-fronted Barbet E

Timalidae Pellorneum fuscocapillum Sri Lanka Brown-capped Babbler E

Cercopithecidae Macaca sinica Sri Lanka toque monkey E

Cercopithecidae Semnopithecus vetulus Purple-faced leaf monkey E

Tragulidae Moschiola meminna Sri Lanka mouse-deer E

RUf;nfOj;Jg; ngau;fs;: TS – capupdj; njhFjpfspd; epiy; E - mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupaJ

VO Njrpa uPjpapy; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shdJk; kw;Wk; Ie;J cyfshtpa uPjpapy; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupdq;fSk; Ma;Tg; gFjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. Nkyjpfkhf MW Njrpa uPjpapy; mz;kpj;j mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;sjhAk; kw;Wk; 9 cyfshtpa uPjpapy; mz;kpj;j mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;sjhfTk; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapd; Neubj; jhf;fg; gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. (ml;ltiz 3-10). mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupj;jhd tpyq;Ffs; vdg; ghu;f;Fk; nghOJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; cldbj; jhf;f tyaj;jpw;Fs; FiwthfNt fhzg;gLfpwJ. vt;tpj mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupd tifAk; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpf;F khj;jpuNk tiuaiwf;fg;gl;lJ vd;wy;y. ,e;j capupdq;fs; ,yq;ifapy; xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; gq;fPl;L nra;ag;gLtjhy; my;ngapl; MdJ mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;l capupd tifahf epuw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l ve;j capupd tifk; tu;j;jf mstpy; Ruz;lg;gltpy;iy. rpy kPd; kw;Wk; KiyA+l;b tiffshdit czT %y fpuhkj;jtu;fshy; Efug;gLfpwJ.


85

ml;ltiz 3-10 cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; jhf;fKWk; mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupa tpyq;Ffspd; epuy;

FLk;gk; tpQ;Qhdg; ngau; Mq;fpyg; ngau; TS NCS GCS

Papilionidae Papilio crino Banded peacock N VU

Testudinidae Geochelone elegans Indian star tortoise N NT LC

Accipitridae Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus Grey-headed Fish-eagle N NT NT

Anhingidae Anhinga melanogaster Oriental Darter N LC NT

Bucerotidae Anthracoceros coronatus Malabar Pied Hornbill N NT NT

Threskiornithidae Threskiornis melanocephalus Black-headed Ibis N LC NT

Manidae Manis crassicaudata Pangolin N NT NT

Cercopithecidae Macaca sinica Sri Lanka toque monkey E LC EN

Cercopithecidae Semnopithecus priam Grey langur N LC NT

Cercopithecidae Semnopithecus vetulus Purple-faced leaf monkey E EN EN

Lorisidae Loris lydekkerianus Grey slender loris N NT LC

Felidae Prionailurus viverrinus Fishing cat N EN EN

Felidae Panthera pardus Leopard N EN NT

Mustelidae Lutra lutra Otter N VU NT

Ursidae Melursus ursinus Sloth bear N EN VU

Elephantidae Elephas maximus Elephant N EN EN

Cervidae Rusa unicolor Gona N NT VU

Sciuridae Ratufa macroura Giant squirrel N LC NT

RUf;nfOj;Jg; ngau;fs;: TS – capupdj; njhFjpfspd; epiy; GCS – cyfshtpa ghJfhg;G epiy;

NCS – Njrpa ghJfhg;G epiy; E – mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupaJ, N - Njrpa, EN –Mgj;jpw;Fs;shdJ, VU –

jhf;fg;glf; $baJ, NT – neUq;fpa mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shdJ; LC – Fiwe;j ftdKilaJ.


86

xU fUj;jpl;l jhf;f tyaj;jpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l Njrpa my;yJ cyfshtpa hPjpapy;j;jpy; Mgj;jpy; cs;sjhf epuy;g;gLj;jg;gl;l caphpdq;fspd; Nkyjpf gFg;gha;T.

Semnopithecus vetulus vd;gJ xU ,yq;ifapd; cyu; tyaq;fs; kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju tyaq;fspYs;s fhl;L <utyak; Mw;Nwhuhf; fhLfspd; fhL my;yJ fhL rhuh trpg;gplq;fspy; ,Ue;Js;s mg;gFjpf;Nf cupa kdpjf; Fuq;fhFk;. ,w;iwtiuf;Fk; ,J Gj;jsk;> FUzhfiy> mDuhjGuk;> nghyeWit> ,uj;jpdGup> gJis> fz;b> khj;jis> khj;jiw> fhyp> mk;ghe;Njhl;il> fSj;Jiw> nfhOk;G> fk;g`h> Nffhiy> Etnuypa> jpUNfhzkiy> kd;dhu;> Ky;iyj;jPT kw;Wk; tTdpah khtl;lq;fs; Nghd;w 500Nkw;gl;l ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J mwpf;ifaplg;gl;lJ. ,e;j capupd tifahdJ

gue;Jgl;Lf; fhzg;gl;lnghOjpYk; (54,000 km2

tp];jPuzj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; tho;tplq;fshdit efu mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfspd; tpisthf Jupj fjpapy; ,of;fg;gLtJld; mjd; tpisthf vz;zpf;if FiwthilfpwJ. tpNrlkhf mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk; <utyaj;jpy; mjd; vz;zpf;if Fiwtile;J tUfpwJ. MfNt jhd; ,J xU Mgj;jpy; cs;s capupdtifahf 2012 Njrpa rptg;G epuypYk; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupd

tifahf cyfshtpa epuypYk; epuy;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. (www.redlist.org). fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ePiu toq;Fk; gFjpapy; mike;Js;s fpdpfpupfe;j fhl;L ghJfhg;G ,lj;jpy; ,e;j capupd tif vjpu;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,e;j capupd tifapd; rdj;njhifapd; tjpthdJ cj;Njr fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfspdhy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jkhl;lhJ

Macaca sinica (Toque Monkey (E), Rilawa (S), NCS: LC, GCS: EN) Macaca sinica vd;gJ ,yq;ifapd; fhL kw;Wk; fhlw;w tho;tplq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ,t;tplj;jpw;Nf cupj;jhd kdpjf; Fuq;fhFk;. ,t;tz;zkhf Gj;jsk;> FUzhfiy> mDuhjGuk;> nghyeWit> ,uj;jpdGup> gJis> fz;b> khj;jis> khj;jiw> fhyp> mk;ghe;Njhl;il> fSj;Jiw> nfhOk;G> fk;g`h> Nffhiy> Etnuypa> jpUNfhzkiy> kd;dhu;> Ky;iyj;jPT kw;Wk; tTdpah khtl;lq;fshf 500 f;F Nkw;gl;l miktplq;fspy; ,J cs;sjhf mwpf;ifaplg;gLfpwJ. ,t; capupd tifahdJ gue;j gutiyf; fhl;LfpwJ. (fhzg;gLk; tp];jPuzkhdJ

gFjpfspy; gutyhff; fhzg;gLk; 54,000 km2).

,yq;ifapy; %d;W cg capupd tiffs; Macaca sinica ,y;

mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. (tyaq;fs; A, B kw;Wk;

C ,izf;fg;gl;l glj;jpy; cs;sJ. Macaca sinica aurifrons

( ;tyaq;fs; D1 kw;Wk; D1 ,izf;fg;gl;l glj;jpy; cs;sJ.

Macaca sinica opithomelas (tyak; D3 ,izf;fg;gl;l glj;jpy; cs;sJ). IUCN 2012,d; gpufhuk; ,t; %d;W cg capupd tiffSk; Mgj;jpy; cs;s epuy;fshf

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tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. (www.redlist.org). vt;thwhapDk; 2012 Njrpa rptg;G epuypd; gpufhuk;

(capupd tiffspd; kl;lj;jpy; khj;jpuk; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l ,lq;fspy;) Macaca sinica MdJ Mff; mf;fiw Fiwe;j capupd tifahdJ ,y;yhJNghFk; mghak; ,y;yhjjd; epkpj;jk;

Mff; Fiwe;j mf;fiwAs;s xd;whf epuy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; kw;Wk; Macaca

sinica aurifrons kw;Wk; Macaca sinica opithomelas Mfpa ,uz;L cg capupd tiffSk; rpwpa

msT rdj;njhifNa mtw;wpy; fhzg;gLtJld; Macaca sinica NthL xg;gpLk;nghOJ ngupa msthd tho;tpl kl;lj;ij fzprkhd msT tho;tpl kl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;Ls;sijf; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l Macaca sinica, cg capupd tifahdJ mstpy; ngupa rdj;njhifia cilajhf cs;sJ. ,J f`y;Ny gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;F cs;shfTk; ruzhyaj;jpw;F ntspNaahd fhy;tha; topaplq;fspYk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ePu;g;ghrdj;jpw;F cl;gLk; gFjpfspYk; ,t; capupd tif cs;sjhf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. capupd tifahdJ fhLfs;> Gju;epyq;fs;> tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;> tptrhaf; fhzpfs; Nghd;w gytifg;gl;l tho;tplq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ,e;j capupdtif kPJ fzprkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jhJ. Vnddpy; fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfshy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; gFjpfspy; ,t; capupd tifapd;

rdj;njhifAk; tho;tplq;fSk; mjd; 1% f;F Fiwe;jstpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Elephas maximus (Asian Elephant (E), Aliya (S), and NCS: EN, GCS: EN) ,yq;ifapd; cyu;tyaq;fs; kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju tyaq;fspy; fhL kw;Wk; fhlw;w

tho;tplq;fspy; gpujhdkhf gutyhff; fhzg;gLtJ Elephas maximus vdg;gLk; RNjr ngUk; jhtu cz;zp tpyq;fpdkhFk;. rpwpasthd rpwpa jdpj;jdpahd vz;zpf;ifapy; ,itfs; <utyaj;jpYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mt;tz;zk; ,Jtiuf;Fk; ,uj;jpdGup> Gj;jsk;> FUzhfiy> mDuhjGuk;> nghyeWit> gJis> khj;jis> mk;ghe;Njhl;il> nkhduhfiy> jpUNfhzkiy> kl;lf;fsg;G> kd;dhu;> Ky;iyj;jPT kw;Wk; tTdpah Nghd;w khtl;lq;fs; cl;gl 500 f;F Nkw;gl;l miktplq;fspy; ,Ue;J mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;ifapy; gue;j

guTifia ,e;j capupdtif nfhz;bUe;jNghjpYk; (,jd; tp];jPuzk; 37660 km2) ,jdJ tho;tplq;fs; Jupj Ntfj;jpy; mopf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Vnddpy; mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLfshdit cau;kl;lj;jpy; kdpj ahid Kuz;ghLfis Vw;gLj;Jtjpdhy; mJ ,yq;ifapy;

ahid ,wg;gpd; 90% f;F mjpfkhd tPjj;jpw;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpwJ. xt;nthU tUlKk; 200 ahidfs; kdpj ahid Kuz;ghl;bdhy; ,wf;fpd;wd. mj;Jld; fle;j 100 tUlq;fspy;

fpl;lj;jl;l 50% rdj;njhiff; Fiwg;gpid mile;Js;sJ. NkYk; ,J G+u;tPf tPr;rpypUe;J mjpfkhf mopf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jifaNjhu; epiyikiaNa ,J cyfshtpa uPjpapYk; vjpu;nfhz;L JupjtPr;rpy; rdj;njhiff; Fiwg;ig vjpu;nfhz;Ls;sJ. kdpj ahid Kuz;ghl;bd; fhuzkhf vy;yh tPr;Rila muRfspYk; cau; ,wg;G tPjk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. 2012 ,y; mJ Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd kpUfkhf epuy;gLj;;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;Jld; Njrpa rptg;G epuy; kw;Wk; cyfshtpa epuypYk;> mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd xU capupd

tifahf epuy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ (www.redlist.org).




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,t; capupd tifahdJ f`y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpYk; mt;tplj;j;pd; ePu;g;ghrdj;jpw;F cl;gLk; gFjpapYk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ahid vd;w tifapy; czT mgupjkhff; fhzg;gLk; ,uz;lhk;epiy tsu;r;rpf; fhLfis tpUk;Gk; xU tpspk;G capupd tifahf cs;sJld; ruzhyaj;jpd; vy;iyg;gFjpfspy; ,J causthff; fhzg;gLtJld; ,f; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ePu;g;ghrdj;jpw;F cl;gLk; gFjp G+uhfTk; gutpf; fplf;Fk; Njhl;lf;fhLfs; kw;Wk; rpwpastpy; Fog;gg;gl;l fhl;Lj; Jz;lq;fspYk; ,J tho;fpwJ. ,f;fhl;Lj; Jz;lq;fs; Clhf mitfs; efu;e;J nry;Yk;nghOJ mtw;wpd; Mz; ahidfs; gapu; mopg;gpy; <LgLk;nghOJ kdpju;fSld; Kuz;ghl;Lf;F tuNtz;ba epiy Vw;gLfpwJ. fUj;jpl;lr;

nraw;ghLfshdit ,tw;wpd; tho;tplq;fs; my;yJ rdj;njhifapy; 1% f;Fk; Fiwthd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. vt;thwhapDk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;F ePu;g;ghrdj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l gFjpapy; ngUe;njhifahf ,tw;wpd; rdj;njhif ,Ug;gjpdhy; mJ cau;kl;l ahid Kuz;ghl;Lf;F ,l;L nrd;Ws;sJ. fUj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;JtjhdJ gapuply; Kiwapy; xU khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;gjpdhYk; mJ cyu; gUt fhyj;jpy; Cl;ly; gFjpfis nrd;wiltjpy; ,og;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;gjpdhy; epiyikahdJ jw;NghJs;s Kuz;ghl;L kl;lj;ij mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak; tha;g;G cs;sJ. MfNt ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;> kw;Wk; ePu;toq;fy; mgptpUj;jp

vd;gd ,yq;if IUCN cld; ,ize;J ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; kdpj ahid Kuz;ghl;il jzpg;gjw;fhd xU je;jpNuhghaj; jpl;lj;ij tpUj;jp nra;J mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F nghWg;ngLj;Js;sd.

Prionailurus viverrinus (Fishing cat (E), Handun Divia (S), NCS:

EN, GCS: EN)

Prionailurus viverrinus vd;gJ xU cs;Su; ,ilj;ju msTila CDz;Zk; ,yq;ifapd; cyu;tyaq;fs; kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju tyaq;fs;> <utyaq;fspYk; fhL kw;Wk; fhLrhuh tho;tplq;fspYk; gutyhff; fhzg;gLk; CDz;zp tpyq;fpdkhFk;. mt;tz;zkhf ,Jtiuf;Fk; ,uj;jpdGup> Gj;jsk;> FUzhfiy> mDuhjGuk;> nghyeWit> gJis> khj;jis> fhyp> khj;jiw> mk;ghe;Njhl;il> nkhduhfiy> jpUNfhzkiy> nfhOk;G> fk;g`h> fSj;Jiw> Nffhiy> kl;lf;fsg;G> kd;dhu;> Ky;iyj;jPT kw;Wk; tTdpah Nghd;w khtl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J 100 f;F Nkw;gl;l miktplq;fspy; ,Ue;J mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. capupd tifahdJ ,yq;ifapy; gue;j guTifiaf;

nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. (fhzg;gLk; tp];jPuzk; 31,350 km2) ,jDila tho;tplq;fs; Jupj fjpapy; mopf;fg;gLtjpdhy; rdj;njhifapy; tPo;;r;rp Vw;gLfpwJ. NkYk; mjd; G+u;tPf tPr;rpypUe;J mJ mopf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xt;nthU tUlKk; gy kPd;gpbg; G+idfs; tPjp tpgj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; Ntz;Lnkd;w Ntl;ilahLjy; vd;gtw;wpdhy; nfhy;yg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd; epkpj;J ,J Mgj;jpYs;s capupd tifahf 2012 Njrpa rptg;G epuypYk; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupd

tifahf cyfshtpa uPjpapYk; epuy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ (www.redlist.org).

fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; gFjpapd; cs;shfTk; ntspahfTk; cs;s Mw;wq;fiuf; fhLfs; kw;Wk; Fs ePNue;J gpuNjrq;fspd; fUj;jha;tpd;nghOJ ,t; capupd tifahdJ gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; ,jd; tho;tplq;fs; kPjhd jhf;fkhdJ Kf;fpakhdJ my;y. Vnddpy; ,yq;ifapy; ,jd; ngUk;ghyhd tPr;rhdJ fUj;jpl;lg; ghjpg;G gFjpf;F ntspNa ,izf;fg;gl;l glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;lthwhf fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; gFjpf;F

ntspNa fhzg;gLfpwJ.


89

Panthera pardus (rpWj;ij (E), Kotiya (S), and NCS: EN, GCS: NT)

Panthera pardus cs;ehl;by; ngupa tpyq;Fz;zp tpyq;fpdkhFk;. ,J ,yq;ifapd; cyu;tyak;> ,ilj;ju tyaq;fspd; fhl;L tho;tplq;fspy; gpujhdkhf gutyhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. <utyaq;fspYk; rpwpastpyhf ,jd; vz;zpf;if fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tz;zkhf ,w;iwtiuf;Fk; ,uj;jpdGup> Gj;jsk;> FUzhfiy> mDuhjGuk;> nghyeWit> gJis> khj;jis> mk;ghe;Njhl;il> nkhduhfiy> jpUNfhzkiy> kl;lf;fsg;G> kd;dhu;> Ky;iyj;jPT> kw;Wk; tTdpah Nghd;w khtl;lq;fspy; 100 f;F Nkw;gl;l miktplq;fspy; ,Ue;J ,J ,Ug;gjhf mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j capupd tifahdJ ,yq;ifapy; gue;J guTif tifiaf; fhl;b

epw;fpwJ. (fhzg;gLk; tp];jPuzk; 45500 km2).

vt;thwhapDk; ,jdJ tho;tplq;fs; Jupj fjpapy; ,of;fg;gLtjpdhy; kw;Wk; ngUk; rdj;njhifahdJ ghJfhg;G gFjpfSf;Fs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;L ,Ug;gjpdhYk; gpd;tUk; guk;Gif glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;lthwhf ,jd; guk;GifahdJ Jz;L Jz;lhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; ,J mjd; G+u;tPf tPr;rpypUe;J ngUksthf mopf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xt;nthU tUlKk; gy rpWj;ijfs; NjhYf;fhfTk;> gw;fSf;fhfTk; kw;Wk; fhy;eil tptrhapfSldhd Kuz;ghl;bd; fhuzkhfTk; nfhy;yg;gLfpd;wd. MfNt ,J 2012 Njrpa rptg;G epuypy; Mgj;jpy; cs;s capupd tifahf epuy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; ,e;j capupd tifahdJ gue;Jgl;l cyfshtpa guk;giyf; fhl;LtJld;; cyfshtpa ,jd; vz;zpf;ifahdJ mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupd tifahf cyfshtpa uPjpapy; mr;RWj;jYf;F mz;kpj;j

capupd tifahf epuy;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. (www.redlist.org).

f`y;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;F cs;shf fhl;L tjptplq;fspy; vjpu;nfhs;sg;gLtjhdJ

mjd; rdj;njhifapy; 1% f;F Fiwe;jitfisNa Mjutspg;gjhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. Vnddpy; ,r; ruzhyakhdJ WFZ Njrpa G+q;fh> tpy;gj;J Njrpa G+q;fh> t];NfhKt Njrpa G+q;fh> `l;ld; Gy;ntspfs; Njrpa G+q;fh Nghd;w ngUe;njhifahf tho;tjhf mwpf;ifaplg;gLk; mitfNshL xg;gpLk;NghJ ,J tp];jPuzj;jpy; kpfTk; rpwpa ruzhyakhf cs;sJ



90

Melursus ursinus (Njthq;F fub (E), Walaha (S), and NCS: EN,

GCS: VU)

Melursus ursinus vDk; Njthq;F fubahdJ cs;Siur; Nru;e;j xU midj;Jk; cz;zpahf ,yq;ifapd; cyu;tyak;> mjpf cyu;tyaq;fspd; fhl;L tjptplq;fspy; gutyhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tz;zkhf ,Jtiuf;Fk; ,J Gj;jsk;> FUzhfiy> mDuhjGuk;> nghyeWit> `k;ghe;Njhil> nkhduhfiy> jpUNfhzkiy> kl;lf;fsg;G> kd;dhu;> Ky;iyj;jPT kw;Wk; tTdpah Nghd;w khtl;lq;fspy; 100 f;F Nkw;gl;l miktplq;fspy; ,J ,Ug;gjhf mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j capupd tifahdJ ,yq;ifapy; gue;J guTif tifiaf; fhl;b

epw;fpwJ. (,J fhzg;gLk; tp];jPuzkhdJ 32000 km2). MFk;. vt;thwhapDk; ,jd; guk;gyhdJ Mq;fhq;Nf Jz;L Jz;lhf ,Ug;gJld; ghJfhg;ghd gFjpfSf;Fs;NsNa ,J tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; ,jdJ G+u;tPf tPr;rpypUe;J mopf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. MfNt ,J 2012 Njrpa rptg;G epuypy; Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd epuypy; epuy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; ,e;j capupd tifahdJ gue;Jgl;l cyfshtpa guk;Gifiaf; fhl;bepw;gJld; cyfshtpa ,jd; rdj;njhifahdJ mr;Wj;jYf;Fs;shd capupd tiffspd; cyfshtpa epuypy; jhf;fg;glf;$ba epiyapy;

epuy;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ (www.redlist.org).

f`y;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;F cs;shf fhl;L tjptplq;fspy; vjpu;nfhs;sg;gLtjhdJ

mjd; rdj;njhifapy; 1% f;F Fiwe;jitfisNa Mjutspg;gjhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. Vnddpy; ,r; ruzhyakhdJ WFZ Njrpa G+q;fh> tpy;gj;J Njrpa G+q;fh> t];NfhKt Njrpa G+q;fh> `l;ld; Gy;ntspfs; Njrpa G+q;fh Nghd;w ngUe;njhifahf tho;tjhf mwpf;ifaplg;gLk; mitfNshL xg;gpLk;NghJ ,J tp];jPuzj;jpy; kpfTk; rpwpa ruzhyakhf cs;sJ

mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l kpUfq;fspd; efu;Tg; ghij topfSk; mt;tw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;JtKk;

Neub kw;Wk; kiwKf mtjhdpg;Gf;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L nts;s epuk;gYf;F ,dq;fhzg;gl;l ,g;gFjpahdJ xU tskhd tpyq;fpd gy;tifj;jd;ikf;F Mjutspg;gjhf ,t; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,U cj;Njr ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSkhfpa vjpu;fhyf; Fsq;fspd; gLf;iffshf tutpUg;git cj;Njrg; gFjpf;Fs;shd mbf;fbahd kpUfq;fspd; efu;tpid Rl;bf;fhl;Ltjw;F rhd;Wfs; ,Ue;Js;sd. vt;thwhapDk; 2013

xf;Nuhgu; – 2013 bnrk;gu; tiuf;Fkhd Ma;Tf; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ ve;j Fwpj;Jr; nrhy;yf;$ba Gyk;ngau;Tg; ghijfNsh ,dk; fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,g;gFjpahdJ Gyk;ngau; gwit tiffspdhy; tpNrlkhf fhl;L tho;tplkhff; nfhz;litfshYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. vt;thwhapDk; Gyk;ngau; gwitfshy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Gyk;ngau;Tg; ghij kPJ fpilf;fngWk; jfty;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L cj;Njr mgptpUj;jpahdJ Gyk;ngau;T gwifspd; xU Kf;fpakhd xU gwf;Fk; ghijahf njhopw;gltpy;iy vd KbTf;F tuKbAk;. MfNt cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpahdJ fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpfspy; kpUfq;fspd; efu;TfSf;F jilahf ,Uf;ff;$ba mNjNtisapy; vJTk; mwpag;gl;l kpUfj;jpd; Gyk;ngau;Tg; ghijiaj; jilnra;ahjjpdhy; xU fzprkhd jhf;fkhf ,J ,Uf;f KbahJ.



91

fUj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; mjd; ,lg;gFjpfspd; tpNrl nraw;ghLfs;

fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfspy; rpythf ,U ePu;j;Njf;fq;fis epu;khzpj;jy;> 12.9 km ePskhd ,izg;Gf; fhy;thapid epu;khzpj;jy; vd;gd f`y;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shf epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ,J ,yq;ifapYs;s tlNky; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; jw;NghJs;s nrhw;g ghJfhg;G gFjpfSf;Fs; xd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,uz;lhtjhf vfw;WNtth gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpuptpy; ePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; gFjpahdJ cj;Njr fy;fpupaf;fe;j fhl;Lg; ghJfhg;gplj;jpd; kiyf;Fd;Wg; gFjpf;Fs;shf tUfpwJ. ,aw;if tho;tplq;fSf;Fs;shf my;yJ mzpj;jhf fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfs; ,lk;ngWk; ,lq;fshf ,t;tpU ,lq;fs; khj;jpuNk cs;sd. Vida vy;yh fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfSk; mjPj kdpju; jpUj;jk; nra;j epyj;Njhw;w ,lq;fspNyNa ,lk;ngWfpwJ.

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; fhg;Gf; nfhs;ifAld; njhlu;Gw;w tifapy; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy;

jw;NghJs;s tho;tplq;fspd; kjpg;gPL

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; fhg;Gf;nfhs;if $w;wpd; gpufhuk; xU Kf;fpakhd tho;tplk; vd;gJ cau; gy;Yapu; tifj; jd;ik ngWkhdq;fSld; $ba ,lk; cl;gl fLikahf Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd my;yJ Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd capupd tifspd; jg;gp gpiog;Gf;Fj; Njitahd tho;tplk; cl;gl mNj ,lj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; cupj;jhd my;yJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l tPr;Rila capupdq;fspd; tpNrl Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; nfhz;l gFjpfs; Gyk;ngaUk; capupd tiffspd; jg;gp gpiog;gpw;F cyfshtpa uPjpapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j nrwpTfs; my;yJ xUq;F$ba capupd tiffspd; jdpahditfspd; vz;zpf;iffSf;F Mjutspf;Fk; ,lq;fs;@ capupd tiffspd; jdpj;Jtkhd xUq;F$ly; gFjpfs; my;yJ Kf;fpakhd Gul;rpfukhd nraw;ghLfSld; ,ize;jitfs; my;yJ Kf;fpa rhfpa Kiwikr; Nritfis toq;Fgitfs; Mfpa ,lq;fs;@ cs;Su; rdr%fq;fSf;F fzprkhd r%f nghUshjhu my;yJ fyhrhu Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpd; gy;ypd capu;j;jd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; gFjpfs; vd;gd cs;slq;Fk;. Kf;fpakhd tho;tplq;fspy; cs;slq;Ftdthf xd;wpy; rl;luPjpahfg; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l md;Nwy; cj;jpNahfG+u;t uPjpahd ghJfhg;gpw;F Kd;nkhopag;gl;l ,lq;fs; mjhtJ cyf ghJfhg;G xd;wpa tifg;gLj;jypd; msTNfhiyg; G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; kw;Wk; ru;tNjr Kf;fpaj;Jt <uepyq;fspd; uk;rhu; epuiyg; G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; ,lq;fs;> kw;Wk; If;fpaehLfs; fy;tp tpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; fyhrhu epWtdj;jpd; cyf ,aw;if guk;giur; nrhj;J ,lq;fs; Nghd;wd ,jpy; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. MfNt fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l tifahdJ Kf;fpakhd tho;ptplkhf jifik ngWfpd;wjh vd Kjypy; ,dk; fhZtJ mtrpakhdjhFk;.

MfNtjhd; xU Kf;fpakhd tho;tplk; vd;gij tiutpyf;fzk; nra;Ak; Nkw;gb ge;jpapy;

toq;fg;gl;Ls;s msTNfhy;fSf;F vjpuhf fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpahdJ gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gLfpwJ..

cau; gy;Yapupj;jd;ik ngWkhdj;Jld; $ba xU ,lk;

cau; gy;Yapu;j;jd;ikAld; $ba ,lk; vdg;gLtJ mg;gFjpapd; njhlu;Gila msT> gFjpapd; epge;jidfs;> mt;tplkhdJ mr;RWj;jYf;Fupa mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupj;jhd my;yJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l tPr;Rila capupd tiffisf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wjh my;yJ mJ jiuj;Njhw;wj;jpw;F FWf;Nf Kf;fpa ,izg;Gf;fis toq;Ffpd;wjh Nghd;w gue;j njhFjp gz;Gfspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpahdJ tp];jPuzj;jpy; 342 nff;Nlauhf cs;sJ. ,J xU rhfpatpay; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j jiuj;Njhw;wkhf guprPypg;gjw;F kpfTk; rpwpajhf cs;sJ. NkYk; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s gy ,aw;if tho;tplq;fshdit jw;nghOJ my;yJ mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; kdpj nraw;ghLfshy; cau; nry;thf;Fs;s gFjpahf cs;sJld; mjd; epkpj;jkhf gz;Gnflhj epiyikapy; jw;NghJ ,Ug;gjhf ,y;iy. ,e;j tho;tplq;fshdit mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shFk; mt;tplj;jpw;Nf my;yJ mt;tplj;jpw;Nfupa capupdtiffspd; rpwpa gFjpf;F khj;jpuNk Mjutspf;fpd;wd. (ml;ltiz 3-8> 3-9 kw;Wk; 3-10 9a vLj;Jg; ghu;f;Ff) cr;rpf; fhl;L ,aw;ifg; ghJfhg;gplk; my;yJ ef;fps;]; ghJfhg;Gf;fhL Nghd;w ehl;bd;


92

<utya cau; gy;Yapu; tifj;jd;ik tho;tplq;fs; rpytw;NwhL xg;gLk;nghOJ ,t;tplq;fs; rpwpa njhifahd capupd tiffSf;;Nf Mjutspf;fpd;wd. NkYk; ,g;gFjpahdJ VJk; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd my;yJ fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpapy; tho;tplq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s mt;tplj;jpw;Fk; kl;Lk; cupj;jhd capupd tiffSf;fhd tho;tplk; xd;whf njhopw;glTk; ,y;iy. NkYk; fUj;jpl;lg; ghjpg;G gFjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ve;jnthU capupd tifAk; me;j ,lj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhfNth my;yJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l capupdq;fspd; tPr;rpy; Mjutspf;Fk; xU tho;tplkhf njhopw;gl;ljhfNth ,y;iy. ,Wjpahf fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpahdJ Kf;fpakhd tho;tplq;fs; jiuj;Njhw;wq;fis ,izf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd eilghijahfTk; njhopw;gltpy;iy. MfNt fUj;jpl;lk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpahdJ xU gy;tifg;gl;l capupd tiffspd; $l;Lf;F Mjtspg;gpDk; mjid cau; gy;tifj;jd;ik ngWkhdk; nfhz;l xU gFjpahf guprPypf;f KbahJ.

fLikahd Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd my;yJ Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd capupd tiffspd; jg;gp gpiog;Gf;F

Njitg;gLkk tho;tplk;

cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf njupT nra;ag;gl;l gFjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l capupd tiffspd; $l;lkhdJ ve;jtpj fLikahd Mgj;jpw;F cl;gl;l capupd tiffisAk; cl;gLj;jtpy;iy. ,e;j ,aw;ifahd Mgj;Jf;Fs;shd capupd tiffs; ehd;F cyfshtpa uPjpapy; Mgj;jpw;Fs;shditfs; vd nrhy;yg;gl;l capupd tiffs; vd;gd Ma;Tg;gFjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. vt;thwhapDk; ,e;j capupd tiffspy; vitAk; Ma;Tg;gFjpf;F

tiuaWf;fg;gl;lit ,y;iy. mtw;wpd; capupdj; njhifahdJ 5% ,w;Fk; Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhdJ cj;Njr fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfspy; mt;;tz;zkhd jhf;fj;ijNa Vw;gLj;Jk; (NkNy tpgupf;fg;gl;lthwhf ,yq;ifapy; mtw;wpd; jw;Nghija guk;gy; ePupid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l xU kjpg;gPL) MfNt ,e;j capupd tiffspd; jg;gp gpiog;ghdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; fLikahf rpf;fYf;Fs;shtjw;F rhj;jpakpy;iy. NkYk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf tho;tpl ,og;gpd; tp];jPuzkhdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 342 nff;NlauhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,J Fiwe;j efu;jpwd; tifiaj; jtpu Vidatw;wpy; fzprkhd jhf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;f khl;lhJ.

mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupa my;yJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l tPr;Rila capupd tiffspd; tpNrl

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU gFjp

fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; gFjpapy; vy;yhkhf 28 tifahd mt;tplj;jpw;Nf cupj;jhd jhtu tpyq;F tiffshf cs;sjhf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; ,e;j capupd tiffspy; vitAk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l tPr;Rila capupd tiffshf tifg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. MfNt ,e;j epge;jidahdJ fUj;jpl;l ghjpg;G gFjpf;F gpuNahfpf;fg;glkhl;lhJ.

Gyk;ngau;T capupd tiffspd; jg;gp gpiog;gpw;F Kf;fpakhd xU gFjp

vy;yhkhf Gyk;ngau;T gwitfspd; 9 capupd tiffs; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j capupd tiffs; midj;Jk; fhl;L tho;tplq;fspy; nghJthf fhzg;gLgit. MfNt fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpahdJ Gyk;ngau;T capupd tiffspd; jg;gp gpiog;gpw;fhd Kf;fpakhd tho;tplkhf njhopw;gltpy;iy. cyfshtpa uPjpapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j nrwpTfs; my;yJ FOthd capupd tiffspd; jdpahditfspd; vz;zpf;iffspid Mjutspf;Fk; xU ,lk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpahdJ FOthd capupd tifSf;F Mjutspf;Fk; xU tho;tplkhf njhopw;gltpy;iy. MfNt xU msTNfhypidg; gad;gLj;j KbahJ.


93

jdpj;Jtkhd capupd tiffspd; jdpj;Jtkhd $l;ilf; nfhz;l my;yJ Kf;fpa gupzhkr;

nrad;KiwAld; ,izg;ig cila my;yJ Kf;fpa rhfpa Kiwikr; Nritfis

toq;FtJld; $ba xU ,lk;

,e;jg; gFjpahdJ VJk; jdpj;Jtkhd capupd tiffspd; $l;Lf;F Mjutspf;fNth my;yJ Kf;fpa gupzhkj;ij toq;fNth my;yJ rhfpa Kiwikr; Nritfis toq;fNth ,y;iy. ,t;tz;zkhf ,e;j epge;jidfisg; gpuNahfpf;f KbahJ.

Kf;fpakhd r%f nghUshjhu my;yJ fyhrhu Kf;fpaj;Jtij cs;Su; rdr%fq;fSf;F

nfhz;Ls;s gy;Yapu; tifj;jd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; gFjp

cs;Su; rdr%fq;fshdit vupnghUisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;> czitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy; jkJ gpiog;G> Mjhu kl;lj;jpy; jkJ ehshe;j tho;Tf;fhd jkJ tho;tpd; kUe;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; Nghd;w capupd tsq;fs; kPJ cs;Su; rdr%fq;fs; jq;fpapUe;jnghOjpYk;> mg;gFjpapd; gy;Yapu;j;jd;ikahdJ xU fzprkhd r%f> nghUshjhu

fyhrhu tfpgq;if Mw;wtpy;iy.

rl;luPjpahfg; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l md;Nwy; ghJfhg;Gf;fhf cj;jpNahfG+u;t uPjpahf Kd;nkhopag;gl;l cyf ghJfhg;G xd;wpa tifg;gLj;jy; msitg; gad;gLj;jp G+u;j;jp nra;j ru;tNjr Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpd; <uepyq;fs; uk;rhu; epuy;> If;fpa ehLfs; fy;tp tpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; fyhrhu epWtdj;jpd; cyf ,aw;if kuGupikg; gFjpfs; Nghd;w ghJfhg;Gf;fhd cj;jpNahfG+u;t Kd;nkhopTfSld; $ba xU gFjp

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpahdJ VjhtJ uk;rhu; gFjpfisNah cyf kuGupikg; gFjpfisNah

nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. vt;thwhapDk; cj;Njr fhy;thapd; fpl;lj;jl;l 16% (nkhj;jf;

fhy;thapd; ePsk; fpl;lj;jl;l 78.6 km,y; 12.9 km) kw;Wk; kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy Nghd;w ,U ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; vd;gd jhtuq;fs; tpyq;Ffs; ghJfhg;G fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; tdtpyq;F jpizf;fsj;jhy; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gl;lJkhd `fy gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shf mike;Js;sJ. MfNt ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epge;jidfs; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl KbahJ. vt;thwhapDk; `fy gy;Nyfy cs;shf jhf;fj;jpw;F cs;shFk;

gFjpfs; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;l gFjpapd; 21,690 nff;Nlau; 2% f;Fk; FiwthfNt ,Uf;Fk; vd;gJld; mjd; epkpj;jkhf ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpapd; rhfpatpay; nrad;Kiwapy; fzprkhd jhf;fk; vjidAk; nfhz;bUf;fhJ.

mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ,dk; fhzg;gl;l gFjpahdJ VJk; Kf;fpakhd tho;tplq;fisNah my;yJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l my;yJ cau; Mgj;Jf;F cs;shd capupd tiffisNah nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. ,t;tz;zkhf fUj;jpl;lkhdJ Rw;whly; kPJ fLikahf ghjf jhf;fq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. vt;thwhapDk; Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifahdJ cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lkhfpa mLj;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; tpgukhf fye;Jiuahlg;gLk; cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf Rw;whly; jhf;f vz;zpf;iffs; vOk;.

Rw;whly; guprPypg;Gf;fs; / gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; mg;gFjpapYs;s rpf;fy;fs;;

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpahdJ gpujhdkhf kdpj nry;thf;fpw;F cl;gl;l tho;tplq;fshf f`y;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaq;fisj; jtpu Vida ,lq;fs; kdpj nry;thf;fpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l tho;tplq;fshf tifg;gLj;jf;$baJ. ,J fUj;jha;tpd;nghOJ gjpT nra;ag;gl;l tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; capupd tiffspd; $l;L vd;gtw;wpy; jhuhskhf gpujpgypf;fpwJ. gpujhd Rw;whly; gpur;rpidfSs; tho;tpl ju ,og;Gf;fisj; Vw;gLj;Jk; tpNrlkhf ePuf tho;tplq;fs;


94

kuq;fspd; rl;lj;jpw;F khwhf gpLq;Fjy; kw;Wk; kuky;yhj fhl;L cw;gj;jpfis mopTf;Fupa Kiwapy; mWtil nra;jy;> Ntl;ilahLjy; tptrha ,urhadq;fis msTf;F mjpfkhf gad;gLj;jp tho;tpd; ju ,og;ig Vw;gLj;Jjy; vd;gd ,e;j Rw;whly; gpur;rpidfSf;Fs; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. NkYk; kdpjDf;Fk; tdtpyq;FfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Kuz;ghlhdJ nrhj;Jf;fSf;Fk; kdpj FbNaw;wq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;iffSf;Fk; xU Nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;JtjhdJ xU ngupa Rw;whly; guprPypg;Gf;fhf fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; cs;sJ. fUj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;JtjhdJ ahidfs; kw;Wk; Vida tpyq;FfSf;fhd tho;tplq;fisf; Fiwtilar; nra;Ak; (kjpg;gPl;L ,og;ghdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 342 nff;Nlau;)

NkYk; gapu;r;nra;ifapy; Vw;gLk; NWP fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapd; ePu;g;ghrd gFjpapy; cs;s ePupd; fpilf;ff;$bajhd jd;ikapd; epkpj;jkhf gapu;r;nra;ifapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wkhdJ tho;tplq;fspy; Neub ,og;ig tpistpg;gjpdhy; rpy ahidfs; jw;nghOJ cyu;tyaf; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ gapu;nra;ag;glhj rpy gFjpfSf;F nrd;wila KbahJ NghFk;. ,t; tifahd Neub ,og;ghdJ ahidfspy; fzprkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jhJ. Vnddpy; mitfs; ngupa ,y;y tPr;rpidf; nfhz;ls;sd. (342 n`f;Nlau; MdJ ahidfspd; ,y;y

tP;r;rpy; 1% f;Fk; FiwthdJ. vt;thwhapDk; gapu;r;;nra;if mlu;j;jpapYs;s khw;wq;fspd;; epkpj;jkhf tho;tplj;jpd; Neub ,og;ghdJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;ff;$baJ vd;gJld; kdpj tdtpyq;F Kuz;ghl;bd; NkYk; fLik miltjw;F ,l;Lr; nry;yf;$baJ. mj;Jld; f`y;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpd; xU gFjpahdJ Njhl;lg; gapu;r;nra;iff;fhf tptrhapfshy; rl;lj;jpw;F khwhf mj;JkPwg;gLtjhdJ mg;gFjpapy; tho;tplq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; capupd tiffSf;fhd tho;tplq;fis ,of;fr; nra;tjhdJ fs Ma;tpd;nghOJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ,dk; fhzg;gl;l gFjpahdJ VJk; Kf;fpakhd tho;tplq;fisNah my;yJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l my;yJ mjpfk; Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd capu; tiffisNah nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. vt;thwhapDk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; cs;s cj;Njr ,U ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; epkpj;jkhf nts;sj;jpw;F Mshff;$ba gFjpahf ,dk;fhzg;gl;l gFjpahdJ gy tpyq;F

capupdg;gFjpfSf;fhd gz;Gnflhj tho;tplkhf cUthf;FfpwJ.

3.3 r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhu Rw;whly;

,e;j r%f nghUshjhu fyhrhu ,yf;fpd; Ma;thdJ cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lk; r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhu Rw;whlypd; kPJ Vw;gLj;Jk; jhf;fq;fis ,dk; fz;L kjpg;gPL nra;tJld; VJk; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fis Mff; Fiwe;jJ jzpg;gjw;Nfh jtpu;g;gjw;Nfh jzpg;G Vw;ghLfis MNyhrid toq;FtJk; MFk;.

r%f Ma;tpd; Kiwapay;

,uz;lhk; epiyj;juT

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; murhq;f epWtdq;fspy; cs;s %yq;fspy; ,Ue;J jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; (fUj;jpl;lg;gFjp vd;gJ cj;Njrf; fhy;thapd; kj;jpa Nfhl;bypUe;J ,uz;L gf;fq;fspYk; 15 kPw;wu; njhiytpyhd cl;gFjp ,lq;fSk; kw;Wk; njhlu;Gila Fsq;fspd; ePu; guTk; gFjpfSk; gy;NtW fl;likg;Gf;fs; fl;lg;gLk; ,lq;fSk; ,lk;ngaUk; rdr%fj;jpw;fhf cj;Njr kPs;FbNaw;wg;gFjpfSk; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; Neubahf ed;ik ngWk; gFjpfSk; mz;kpj;j gFjpfSk; cs;sd.

Neu;fhzy;fs;

cupa murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;> fpuhk epWtdq;fs;> rdr%ff; FOf;fs; kw;Wk; fpuhkj;

jiytu;fis Neu;fhzy; nra;tJ %ykhf jfty;fs; Nrfupj;jy;.

fs tp[aq;fs;


95

r%f nghUshjhu fUj;jha;Tfs;> fs Ma;Tfs; vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; ngwg;gl;l jfty;fs;> juTfspd; cz;ikj;jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F kw;Wk; Nkyjpf jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fkhf fs tp[aq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

FWf;fPl;L eil

cj;Njrf; fhy;tha; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J fhy;thapd; KbT tiuf;Fk; trjpg;gLj;JdUld; ,ize;J ,yf;F rdr%fj;ij ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L fpilf;ff;$ba Njrg;glq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp epy msitg; glq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp (kfhtyp MNyhridg;

gzpafj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l epy msitg; glq;fspypUe;J) cj;Njr NWP Neu;j;jpirj;jpUg;gy; ePu;g;ghrdf; fhy;thAld; njhlu;Gila fhzpfisf; fhl;Lk; glq;fisf; fhl;Lk; gad;gLj;jp ,yf;F rdr%fj;ijAk; murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;ju;fisAk; re;jpj;Jf;nfhz;L ele;J nry;tjpd; %yk; cupa jfty;fis Nrfupj;jy;.

3.3.1 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapd; jw;Nghija r%f nghUshjhu kw;Wk; fyhrhu epiy

r%f nghUshjhu Ma;nthd;W 22 FLk;gq;fis ,yf;Fitj;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. (20 gpujhd FLk;gq;fs;> 2 cg FLk;gq;fs;) ml;lti 3-12 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;lthwhf cj;Njr

fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; 22 FLk;gq;fis ,yf;Fitj;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

3.3.1.1 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjp kPjhd jfty;fs; kw;Wk; FbapUg;G gq;fPL

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjp

r%f nghUshjhu gFg;gha;T Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf fUj;jpl;lg;gFjp gpd;tUkhW tiutpyf;fzk;

nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

cj;Njrf; fhy;thapd; kj;jpa Nfhl;bypUe;J ,Ugf;fq;fSf;Fk; 15 kPw;wu; J}uk; cl;gFjpapyhd gFjp (30 kPw;wu; mfykhd ePsj;Jz;L) mj;Jld; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; epu;khzk; nra;ag;gl;l GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gl;l Fsq;fspd; ePu; guTk; gFjpfs; kw;Wk; gy;NtWgl;l fl;likg;Gf;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk; ,lq;fs;

,lk;ngaUk; rdr%fj;jpw;fhd cj;Njr FbNaw;wg;gFjpfs;

ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;af;$ba ngupa ,ilj;ju> rpwpa ,lq;fs; jk;Gs;s> fNyty> nghy;gpj;jpfk> kft> mfj;JNtt> kw;Wk; fy;fKt gpuNjr nrayfg; gpuptpy; fyhXah tbepyk;> kP Xah tbepyk;>; njJW Xah tbepyj;jpYs;s `f;tw;Wd Xah cg tbepyk; kw;Wk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J ed;ikfisg; ngWk; Vida gFjpfs; Nghd;w fUj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J Vw;fdNt ed;ik ngWk; gFjpfs;

Nkw;gb tpgupg;ghdJ gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; NkYk; tpsf;fk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 3-11 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapd; tpguq;fSk; gad;ngWdu;fSk;

njhlu; ,y.

khtl;lk; gpuNjr nrayfg;gpupT

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; vz;.

fpuhkq;fspd; vz;.

tjpAk; FLk;gq;fspd; vz;.

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1 2

khj;jis jk;Gs;s fNynty 59

59 160 152

20325 21692

71,371 74,786


96

3 4 5 6 7

FUzhfy nghy;gpj;jpfk k`t mfj;JNtt mk;gd;nghy fy;fKt

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283 220 152 122 189

25333 20443

9584 8438

18916

88,404 61,580 30,072 25,760 63,273

nkhj;jk; 02

07 393 1278 124,724 415,246

%yk; –1. FUzhfy; khtl;lj;jpw;fhd ts tpguj;jpul;L 2011 khtl;lf; nfhs;if jpl;lkply; mYtyfk; FUzhfiy

2. fNyty kw;Wk; jk;Gs;s tpguj;jpul;Lf;fs; - 2011

r%f nghUshjhu jhf;fq;fspd; RUf;fk;

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fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ,lk;ngaug;gLgtu;fSf;F kf;fs; kPsf; Fbaku;j;jg;gLifapy; mtu;fis tuNtw;Fk; rdr%fkhdJ jkJ vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdUf;F nrhe;jk; vd mtu;fs; epidf;Fk; fhzpfs; kPJ fUj;jp;l;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fis FbapUj;jg;gLk;nghOJ mtu;fs; vjpu;g;Gf;fis vOg;gf;$Lk;. ,e;jr; rpe;jidahdJ vy;yh kPs;FbNaw;w nrad;Kiwfspd;nghOJk; mDgtpf;fg;gLfpwJ. xU mjpfk; If;fpakhd Rw;whlyhdJ ,Ujug;Gf;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; tuNtw;Fk; rdr%fkhdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; jhk; milAk; ed;ikfis mwpe;Jnfhs;sr; nra;tJld; ,lk;ngaUk; rdr%fkhdJ fUj;jpl;lj;ij ,ayr; nra;tij Nehf;fpr; nra;Ak; jpahfq;fisAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;sr; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ cj;Njrf; fhy;tha; epu;khzpg;gpd; Clhf 7 gpuNjrg;gpupTfspy; 3 ePu;tbepyq;fSf;Fs;shf mike;Js;s vl;L ngupa ,ilj;ju rpwpa Fsq;fis ngUg;gpf;Fk; ,yf;FlDk;> rpWNghfk; ngUk;Nghfq;fspy; gapu;r;nra;ifia ,ayr;nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld; tPl;Lf;F Njitahd ePupidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpid Rygkhf;Fk; Nehf;FlDk; nraw;gLfpwJ. ,J ,g;gFjpapy; thOk; kf;fSf;F NeubahfTk; kiwKfkhfTk; ed;ikfis Vw;gLj;JtJld; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ gy;Nehf;F mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lkhff; fUjg;glf;$baJ.

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjp kw;Wk; mjw;F mz;kpj;j gFjpapYs;s ,lq;fs; vd;gd tpNrl GijnghUspay; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cila ,lq;fshf ,Ug;gJld; mEuhjGu> FUzhfiy> ahg;g$t gpujhd ,uhr;rpaq;fspd; ehNlhbf; fijfSld; njhlu;Gila ,lq;fspYk; mike;Js;sJ. rpy cau;thf kjpf;fg;gLtdTk; topglf;$baJkhd ngsj;j Nfhapy;fs;> Guhjhd mopTfs; ,g;gFjpf;F mz;ikahf mike;Js;sd. Guhjd vz;zf;fUf;fshd Fsq;fs;> jhJNfhgq;fs;> fpuhk kw;Wk; Nfhapy;fs; ,d;Dk; ngupa jj;JtuPjpahf njhlu;e;jpUg;gJld; ed;F kjpf;fg;gl;L gof;fj;jpYk; cs;sd. fUj;jpl;l rdr%fj;jpd; taJ Kjpu;e;jtu;fs; ,e;j guk;giur; nrhj;ij kupahijAld; gf;jpAlDk; guprPypg;gJld; ,jd; kuGupik Ngw;iw ghJfhj;J mLj;j jiyKiwf;Fk; khw;wpf;nfhLg;gJ jkJ nghWg;G vd;w


97

fUj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ghjpf;fg;gl;l Ml;fspd; tpguq;fs;> njhlu;Gila el;l<l;L Vw;ghLfs; vd;gd fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; jahupf;fg;gl;l kPs;FbNaw;wj; jpl;lj;jpy; fye;Jiuahlg;gLfpd;wd.

fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpapd; rdj;njhifj; juT

NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fhy;tha; epu;khzg;gFjpf;Fs;shf 3 gpuNjr nrayu; gpupTfspd; fPo; 8 fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpuptpy; 22 tPl;Lj;Jiwapdu; cs;sdu;

ml;litz 3-12 ghjpf;fg;gLk; tPl;Lj;Jiwapdu;

khtl;lk;

gpuNjr gpupT

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupT

ghy; tjptplg; ghjpg;G tPl;L epiy

Mz;

ngz;

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Wif

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FUzhfy

fNyty jz;Laha 1 1 1

ud;ntbaha 2 2 2

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k`t nfh];nghj;j 2 2 2

nfhzNtt 3 3 3

nkhj;jk; 22 22 22

%yk;: kPs; FbNaw;w fUj;jha;T> NWPC jpirjpUg;gf; fUj;jpl;lk; 2014

taJ %yk; gpupj;J ghu;f;fg;gl;l ,lk;ngau;e;j rdj;njhif

,lk;ngaUk; rdr%fj;jpd; taJ> ghy;> jpUkz epiy vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; guk;gy

nra;ag;gl;l tpjj;ij gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ:


98

ml;ltiz 3-13 taJ %yk; gpupj;Jg; ghu;f;fg;gl;l ngsjPf uPjpahf ,lk;ngau;e;j rdj;njhifapdu;


18 tajpw;F Fiwe;j taJf;

FOtpdu; taJf;FO 19 – 59 Mz;Lfs; 60 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l taJf;FOtpdu;

Mz; ngz; Mz; ngz; Mz; ngz;

jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

jGjhuu;

jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

tpjit

jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

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jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

tpjit

nydNlhuh tlf;F

3 1 1 1

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nkhj;jk; 5 12 16 5 19 2 5 2

%yk; - : - kPs;FbNaw;wf; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G, NWPC jpirjpUg;gy; fUj;jpl;lk; 2014

3.3.1.1. a fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjp kw;Wk; fpuhkq;fspd; jfty;fs;

ml;ltiz 3-14 fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpf;Fs;shf gpuNjr nrayu; gpupTfspd; fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;

gpupTfs; kw;Wk; fpuhkq;fspd; rdj;njhifapd; ,lk;rhu; gq;fPl;il jUfpwJ.


99

ml;ltiz 3-14 fhy;tha; Clhf cs;s gpujhd fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupTfs; kw;Wk; fpuhkq;fs;

njhlu; ,y. khtl;lk;

gpuNjr nrayu; gpupT

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;

gpupT fpuhkk;

1 khj;jis fNynty jz;Laha jz;Laha

2 khj;jis fNynty

g`y gk;gt g`y gk;gt> nghf];Ntt

3 khj;jis fNynty

ud;tbaht fd;lhd

4 khj;jis fNynty

nfh];nghj;j nfh];nghj;j

5 khj;jis fNynty

n`hk;ght fl;Lnghj;j> md;lfy tyt;nty,

6 khj;jis fNynty

epy;fk py;fk

7 khj;jis fNynty

mSj;Ntth mSj;Ntth

8 khj;jis fNynty

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9 khj;jis fNynty

jk;gnfhy;y jk;gnfhy;y

10 khj;jis

fNynty gpgpJDfk gpgpJDfk

cgnkhj;jk; 01 13

09 khj;jis

jk;Gs;s nty;yk;kpw;wpaht nty;yk;kpw;wpaht

10 khj;jis jk;Gs;s

nydNlhuh njw;F nydNlhuh njw;F

11 khj;jis jk;Gs;s

mj;jngz;bNtth kdpf;njdfk

12 khj;jis jk;Gs;s

gd;dk;gpw;wpa [q;fkpd;Gu

cgnkhj;jk; 04 04

13 khj;jis nghy;gpj;jpfk c];tj;jt ntkby;y

cgnkhj;jk; 01 01

14 FUzfhiy nghy;gpj;jpfk nghy;gpj;jpfk nghy;gpj;jpfk> ypadfk

15 FUzfhiy

nghy;gpj;jpfk nghy;gpj;jpfk nghy;gpj;jpfk

16 FUzfhiy

nghy;gpj;jpfk fk;Gtw;wtd fk;Gtw;wtd> nghuNtt> tp[aGu

17 FUzfhiy

nghy;gpj;jpfk gYd;Ndth fpuynghf;ffk > aha 10

18 FUzfhiy

nghy;gpj;jpfk gy;Ny`y cy;gj;j

99 FUzfhiy

nghy;gpj;jpfk nghnfhy;y nghnfhy;y> `puy;yfk,

02 FUzfhiy

nghy;gpj;jpfk nkhunfhy;yfk nkhwnfhy;yfk> khngfKt

09 FUzfhiy

nghy;gpj;jpfk Nghnfhutj;j nfhzgyfk

00 FUzfhiy

nghy;gpj;jpfk Fk;GFyt tTnyth

cgnkhj;jk; 09 01

02 FUzfhiy k`t nfhd;Ntt nfhd;Ntt> ,`ynej;jpgyfk

24 FUzfhiy

k`t gf`yfk Kbad;nrf;k


100

25 FUzfhiy

k`t ,`yfk ,`yfk

06 FUzfhiy

k`t fl;lk;Gtht kLf];nfhly;y

07 FUzfhiy k`t al;bfk al;bfk

08 FUzfhiy k`t nfhk;gflty nry;yngUkfk

09 FUzfhiy k`t gKDfk gKDfk

cgnkhj;jk; 07 08

nkhj;jk; 02 05 30 10

%yk; – fs Ma;T, NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk; 2013 xf;Nuhgu;

3.3.1.1. b fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpapd; tPLfs; kw;Wk; fl;blq;fs;

kdpj FbapUg;Gffs; cs;s fpuhkq;fSf;F FWf;Nf cj;Nj fhy;tha; topfisj; jpl;lkpLk;nghOJ jw;NghJs;s fl;blq;fSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r Fog;gk; ,Ug;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kaw;rpfs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. 78 fp.kPw;wu; ePskhd KO ePsj;jpd; Clhf 70 tPLfSk; 2 Vida fl;blq;fSk; (rdr%f kz;glk; Gifapiyj; njhopw;rhiy) vd;gd khj;jpuk; ghjpf;fg;gLk; cz;ikapy; ,Ue;J ,J njspthfpwJ. fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s tPLfs; fl;blq;fs; njhlu;ghd tpgukhd jfty;fs; ml;ltiz 3-15 ,y; jug;gLfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 3-15 NWP fhy;tha;f;F kpfTk; mz;ikahf cs;s tPLfs; kw;Wk; fl;blq;fs;

njhlu; ,y

khtl;lk; gpuNNjr nrayfk;

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;

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tPl;Lj;Njhl;lk; / tjptplk; ghjpf;fg;gLk; FLk;gq;fspd;

vz;.;

mur kw;Wk; Vida

fl;blq;fs;

1 khj;jis fNynty jz;Laha jz;Laha 13

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nghf];Ntt 03

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4 khj;jis fNynty nfh];nghj;j nfh];nghj;j 03

5 khj;jis fNynty nfhk;gt nfh];nghj;j 01

mdlfy tyt;nty 03

6 khj;jis fNynty epy;fk epy;fk 02

7 khj;jis fNynty mSj;Ntth mSj;Ntth 02

8 khj;jis fNynty eglf`tj;jh eglf`tj;jh 01 01

9 khj;jis fNynty jk;nfhy;y jk;nfhy;y 01

cgnkhj;jk; 08 11 39

10 khj;jis jk;Gs;s nty;yk;kpw;wpaht nty;yk;kpw;wpaht 02

11 khj;jis jk;Gs;s nydNlhuh njw;F nydNlhuh njw;F 01

12 khj;jis jk;Gs;s mj;jngz;bNtth kdpf;njdfk 03

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cgnkhj;jk; 04 04 08

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cgnkhj;jk; 01 01 0

15 FUzhfy nghy;gpj;jpfk `j;jpfKt `j;jpfKt njw;F 02

16 FUzhfy nghy;gpj;jpfk `k;Gtw;wtd `k;Gtw;wtd 01

17 FUzhfy nghy;gpj;jpfk Gy;net nkhwNtt 01

fpuynghf;ffk 04

18 FUzhfy nghy;gpj;jpfk Gy;Ny`y cy;gj;j 03

cgnkhj;jk; 01 01 10


101

19 FUzhfy k`t nfhz;Nt nfhz;Nt 02

,`ynej;jpgyfk 03

20 FUzhfy k`t g`yfk Kbad;nrf;k 02

21 FUzhfy k`t ,`yfk ,`yfk 03

22 FUzhfy fl;lk;Gtht kLf];nfhly;y 02

cgnkhj;jk; 01 01 10 nkhj;jk; 02 05 22 26 70 02

%yk; EIA fsj; jfty; fUj;jha;T> NWP ePu; jpirj;jpUg;g fUj;jpl;lk; - xf;Nuhgu; 2013

3.3.1.1. c cj;Njrf; fhy;tha; gFjpf;Fs;shd gapu;r;nra;if epyq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida epyq;fspd; tpguq;fs;

gapu; nra;ag;gl;l fhzpfspd; jfty; Nrfupg;ghdJ tPLfs; kw;Wk; fl;blq;fs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fspd; Nrfupg;NghL xg;gpLk;NghJ rpf;fyhd gzpahFk;. Vnddpy; rpy fhzpr;nrhe;jf;fhuu;fs; mg;gFjpf;F ntspahy; trpg;gJk;> jftyspg;gtu;fs; fhzpfspd; cz;ikahd vy;iyfis mwpahjpUg;gJk; Nghd;w gpur;rpidahd epiyikfspd; epkpj;jkhf ,t;thW Vw;gLfpwJ. fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpuptpd; mbg;gilapy; Nrfupf;fg;gl;l juTfs; gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz 3-15 ,y; jug;gLfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 3-16 NWP fhy;tha; topahd gapu;r;nra;if fhzpfSk; Vida fhzpfSk;

khtl;lk; gpuNjr nrayf gpupT

new;fhzpfs; n`f;

tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fs; n`f;

njd;dq; fhzpfs; n`f;

Nridg;gapu;r;nra;if fhzpfs; n`f;

khj;jis jk;Gs;s 02 17.2 0 0 khj;jis ehTy 0 01 0 0

khj;jis fNynty 24.8 32.1 7.2 0

FUzhfiy kghy;gpj;jpfk 24.24 30.5 2.96 20.5

FUzhfiy k`t 3.7 13.67 0 5.18

nkhj;jk; 54.74 94.47 10.16 25.68

%yk; - EIA fsj; jfty; Ma;T - ePu; jpirjpUg;gj;jpl;lk; xf;Nuhgu; 3102

Nkw;gb 3-16 ml;ltizia gFg;gha;T nra;Ak;nghOJ fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpapy; 76.5 km ePskhd cj;Njr fhy;thapd; topNa rpy gapu;r;nra;iff; fhzpfs; ,Ug;gijf; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

3.3.2 fUj;jpl;l ghjpg;G tPl;Lj;Jiwapd; r%f nghUshjhu tpguj;jpul;L fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; tPl;Lj;Jiwfs; kPjhd Vw;gLj;jf;$ba jhf;fq;fspd; tPr;irAk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; ,dk; fhZk;nghUl;L fUj;jpl;l Rw;whly; kjpg;gPl;bd;; xU ghfkhf 2013 ,y; midj;Jklq;fpa fsj; jfty; fUj;Jf; fzpg;G (r%f nghUshjhu fUj;Jf; fzpg;G) elhj;jg;gl;lJ (ghijfspy;) fUj;jpl;lkhdJ xU Neu;Nfhl;L mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lkhifahy; fUj;Jf; fzpg;Gf; FOthdJ toptopahd xU midj;Jklq;fpa tpguj;jpul;il tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;Sk; Kfkhf fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; vd milahsk; fhzg;gl;l tPl;Lj; Jiwapdupy; 90f;F Nkw;gl;Nlhiu Neu;fhzy; nra;jJ. ,f; fUj;Jf;fzpg;ghdJ 70 tPLfisAk;> 26 fpuhkq;fspYs;s 70 tPLfis ngsjPf uPjpapy; ,lk;ngau Ntz;ba


102

tPLfshf ,dk; fz;lJld; 64 tPl;Lj;Jiwapdiu Neu;fhzy; nra;jJ. ,e;jg; gpupthdJ cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; kdpj FbNaw;wq;fs; kPjhd r%f nghUshjhu jhf;fq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; r%f nghUshjhu kjpg;gPl;bd; Kf;fpa fhz;Gfis ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.;

ghjpf;fg;gl;l rdj;njhifapy; iff; Foe;ij rdj;njhifapdu; 10 tPjj;ij cUthf;Ffpd;wdu;. rdj;njhifapy; 21 tPjj;jpdu; ghlrhiy nry;Nthuha; cs;sdu;. rdj;njhifapy; miuthrpg; gFjpapdu; (48 tPjj;jpd;) fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; njhopw;gilahf cs;sdu;. taJ Kjpu;e;j rdj;njhifapdu; 17 tPjj;jpduhf ,Ue;jnghOjpYk;> cz;ikapy; rpwpa tPjj;jpdNu Xa;Tngw;Nwhuha; cs;sdu;. Vnddpy; tptrhapfs; mtu;fs; ,ayhjtu;fs; MFk; tiuf;Fk;

Xa;TngWtjpy;iy. Mz;fs; ngz;fs; tpfpjkhdJ 40:60 Mf cs;sJ.

3.3.2.2. njhopy;fs;

tptrhaNk tUkhdj;jpdJk; tho;thjhuj;jpdJk; %ykhf cs;sJ. rpwpa ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fs;> kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrd Kiwikfs; kw;Wk; gUtg; ngau;r;rpf;fhw;W kiofs; vd;gd tptrhaj;jpw;fhd ePupd; gpujhd %ykhf cs;sd. mNefkhf fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapYs;s xt;nthU fpuhkKk; kioePiur; Nrfupg;gjw;fhf xU ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sJld; gapu; nra;ag;gLk; fhzpfSf;F ePiu ,izg;gjw;fhd fhy;tha; Kiwnahd;iwAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. xU gUtfhyj;jpd;nghOJ gapu; nra;af;$ba fhzpfshdit ePu;g;ghrd KiwiaapdJk; kioePu; fpilf;ff;$ba jd;ikiaAk;; nghWj;J cs;sJ. tptrhapfs; ed;F mikf;fg;gl;l rk;gpujhaq;fisAk; xOq;FtpjpfisAk; gad;gLj;jp ePupid gq;fPL nra;fpd;wd.

tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupy; 25 tPjj;jpdu; khj;jpuNk jdJ gpujhd %ykhf fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpf;Fs;shf tptrhaj;jpy; <LgLfpd;wdu;. Vnddpy; tptrakhdJ kpFe;j ,lUld; njhlu;GilajhFk;. ey;y kio fhyq;fspd;nghOJ fpuhkj;jtu;fs; ePu;g;ghrd ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; ePupid Nrkpj;J itj;J ePu;g;ghrdk; kw;Wk; tPl;Lj; NjitfSf;fhf ftdkhf $l;lhf ePupid Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;fpd;wdu;. tptrha gapu;r;nra;iff; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ tul;rp Vw;gLkhapd; mtu;fs; KO gapu;r;nra;iiaAk; ,oe;J tpLtu;. ,d;ndhU jPq;fhf ,Ug;gJ tdtpyq;Ffs; gapu;fSf;F jPq;fpiog;gjhFk;. ,jd; tpisthf ngUk;ghd;ikapdu; (75 tPjj;jpdu;) murhq;f Ntiy (14 tPjk;) jdpahu;Jiw Ntiy (25 tPjk;) Ra Ntiytha;g;G (17 tPjk;) $ypf;F cioj;jy; (14 tPjk;) tptrhaj; njhopyhsu; (ml;ltiz 3-17) Nghd;w NtWgl;l njhopy;fspy; <LgLfpd;wdu;. tptrhaj;Jld; ,ize;j ,j;jifa njhopy;fs; ,Ue;jnghOjpYk; fy;tp fw;fhj twpa fpuhkj;jtu;fs; gUtfhyj;jpw;F gUtfhyk; rpukq;fis vjpu;nfhz;lhYk; jkJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l NjitfSf;F jkJ nrhe;j jPu;Tfisf; fz;Lnfhs;tjw;fhf tptrhaj;jpy; <LgLfpd;wdu;.

ml;ltiz 3-17 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s kf;fspd; njhopy;fs;

Jiw <LgLk; Ml;fspd; vz;zpf;if

E}w;WtPjk;

murhq;fk; 15 14

jdpahu;Jiw 27 25

Ranjhopy; 18 17

ehshe;j $ypj;njhopy; 15 14

tptrhaj; njhopyhsu; 05 05


103

gapu;r;nra;if 27 25

nkhj;jk; 107 100

%yk; - EIA fs Ma;T, NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk; 2013 xf;Nuhgu;

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; 16 tPl;Lj;Jiwapdu; murhq;fj;jpdhy; Fiwe;j tUkhd tPl;Lj;Jiwapduh ,dk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sdu;. mtw;Ws; gy tpjitfshy; jiyik jhq;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. xt;nthU tPl;Lj;JiwapdUk; murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J rKu;j;jp epthuzj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; khjhe;j khdpaj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. mtu;fs; tptrhaj;JiwapYk; tptrhak; my;yhj nraw;ghLfspYk; ehshe;jf; $ypj; njhopyhsu;fshf khdpaj;ij kpif epug;G nra;tjw;fhf mJ tPl;L nrytpdq;fisg; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F Nghjpajw;wJ Mifahy; khdpaj;ij kpif epug;G nra;tjw;fhf ,t;thwhd nraw;ghLfspy;; <LgLfpd;wdu;.

ml;ltiz 3-18 NWPfhy;tha; gFjpapYs;s rKu;j;jp ngWdu;fspd; vz;zp;f;if.

njhlu; ,y.

khjhe;j khdpaq;fs; &ghtpy; FLk;gq;fspd; vz;.

1 350 kw;Wk; FiwT 02

2 351 - 700 05

3 701 - 1000 08

4 1001 f;Fk; mjpfk; 01

nkhj;jk; 16

%yk;: - EIA fsj; jfty; Ma;T ,NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk; xf;Nuhgu; 3102

3.3.3 jw;Nghija ePu;toq;fYk; ePu;g;ghtidAk;

cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpahdJ ngupa kw;Wk; rpwpa Fsq;fspd; ePNue;J gFjpapy; ,Ue;jhd ePu; toq;fiyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpwJ. vy;yhf; Fsq;fspdJk; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ fle;j Mz;Lfspy; tPo;r;rpailAk; Nghf;fpidf; fhl;bapUg;gjdhJ fhyepiy khw;wj;jpyhdjhf ,Uf;f KbAk;. ml;ltiz 3-49 MdJ fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapYs;s ngupa ,ilj;juf; Fsq;fspd; tpguq;fisAk; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpapidAk; fhl;LfpwJ.

mNefkhd ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fshdit 1960 fspd;nghOJ nghWg;Gf; nfhLf;fg;gl;ldthf ,Ug;gJld; tptrhapfs; murhq;f nfhs;ifapd; gpufhuk; ePu;g;ghrdf; FbapUg;Gf;fspy; Fbaku;j;jg;gl;ldu;. FbePu; tpepNahfkhdJ ,e;j FbNaw;wthrpfSf;F ntl;lg;gl;l fpzWfspy; ,Ue;J toq;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;G murhq;fk; gy fpuhkq;fspy; Foha;ePu; tpepNahfj; jpl;lj;ij Muk;gpj;J ,Ue;jJ.

ml;ltiz 3-19 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s ngupa ,ilj;ju ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs;

Mw;W ePu; tbepyk;

ngupa/ ,ilj;ju jpl;lk;

jpl;lj;jpd; ngau; tp];jPuzk; (n`f;)

gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jp (CI)

fyhXah ntkby;y 729 1.8 njtFt 1215 1.8


104

njJW Xah `f;tw;Wd Xah 2579 1.53 kP Xah nkbaht 486 1.26

mk;gf;nfhyNtt 340 1.33 mj;juq;fy 419 1.29 gy;Yflty 648 1.04

%yk;: ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;

ngupa ,ilj;ju ePu;g;ghrdq;fisj; jtpu ,f; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ePupd; kPs;ghitidia cr;rg;Lj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; fpuhkf; Fsj; njhFjpfis ngUe;njhifapy; cUthf;fp ePu; mstpid mjpfupg;gjw;fhf tbtikf;fg;gLfpwJ. mt;tz;zkhd Fsq;fspd;

vz;zpf;ifahdJ 350 Mf ,Ue;J fyh Xah kw;Wk; kP Xah Mw;W tbepyq;fspy; 5983 nff;Nlau;fSf;F ePu; gha;r;RfpwJ. fUj;jp;l;lg; gFjpapYs;s mNefkhd xt;nthU FLk;gKk; kioePu; Nrfupg;gjw;F xU ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsj;ijAk;> tptrhaf; fhzpfSf;F mjid nfhz;L nry;tjw;F xU tha;f;fhy; KiwiaAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. gapu; nra;af; $ba gFjpahdJ ePu;g;ghrd Kiwik> ePu; fpilf;ff;$ba jd;ik vd;gtw;wpd; ,aYikiAk; msitAk; nghWj;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. tptrhapfs; ePu; tpepNahfj;ij $l;;lhf Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;

3.3.4 fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; jw;NghJs;s cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;

guprPypf;fg;gLk; gFjpahdJ efu> miuefu kw;Wk; fpuhkpag; gFjpfis cs;slf;fpapUg;gJld; vz;zg;gl;Ls;s fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpahdJ ,e;j vy;yh tFg;gpdiuAk; nrd;wilaf;$bajhfTk;

cs;sJ. ,g;gFjpapy; jw;NghJs;s cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; gpd;tUkhW.

tPjpfs; ,g;gFjpapy; gpujhd gl;bdq;fshf fNyty> jk;Gs;s> mk;gd;nghy kw;Wk; fy;fKt Mfpad ehl;bd; gpujhd tPjp tiyg;gpd;dYld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. kfht> nghy;gpj;jpfk kw;Wk; mfj;JNtt vd;gdTk; ,uz;lhk; epiy tiyg;gpd;dy; Clhf Rygkhf mile;J nfhs;sf;$badthf cs;sd. ,e;jg; gFjpapYs;s vy;yhf; fpuhkpa ,lq;fisg; nghWj;jstpy; mitfs; Nkhl;lhu; thfd tPjp tiyg;gpd;dy; Clhf mile;Jnfhs;df;$badthf cs;sd. rpy tPjpfs; cupa gupghypg;Gj; Njitapd; epkpj;jkhf Fd;Wk; FopAkhf cs;sd.

Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs; NkNy $wg;gl;lthwhf tPjp tiyg;gpd;dyhfpa gl;bdg; gFjpfis ,izf;Fk; tPjp tiyg;gpd;dy;fshdit murhq;f kw;Wk; jdpahu; Jiwahy; ,af;fg;gLk; rpwe;j Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd. toikahf fpuhkg; gFjpfis nrd;wilAk;nghOJ epiyikahdJ gbg;gbahf rPuopfpwJ. MdhYk; jw;NghJs;s trjpfshdit rdr%fj;jpd; ehshe;j Njitifsg; G+u;j;jp nra;af;$bajhf cs;sJ. tPjp epiyikfisg; nghWj;J kf;fs; jkJ Njitg;ghLfis Jtpr;rf;futz;bfs;> Nkhl;lhu; irf;fps;fs;> Kr;rf;fu tz;bfs; toptiffs; %yk; G+u;j;jp nra;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;. NkYk; mNefkhf vy;yhf; fpuhkpag; gFjpfSk; jdpahu; g];fs;> nyhwpfs;> mg;gFjpf;F mtrpakhd Nghf;Ftuj;ij toq;Ftjw;fhf jdpahu; nrhe;jf;fhuu;fspd; fPo; ,af;fg;gLk; Vida Nghf;Ftuj;J toptiffisAk; nfhz;Ls;sd.

Rfhjhu trjpfs;

,uz;L mbg;gil itj;jparhiyfisAk; %d;W A ju khtl;l itj;jparhiyfisAk;> xU B

ju khtl;l itj;jparhiyiAk;> xU C ju khtl;l itj;jparhiyiaAk; guprPypg;Gf;F cl;gLk; gFjpapy; ,yq;ifapd; Rfhjhuj;jpizf;fsj;jpd; fPo; ,af;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf xt;nthU gpuNjr rigapYk; cs;s rdj;njhifiag; nghWj;J fpuhkpa


105

itj;jparhiyfisAk;> kj;jpa kUe;jfq;fSk; fpuhkpa rdr%fj;jpw;F Rfhjhu trjpfis tp];jupg;gjw;fhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf xU rdr%f Rfhjhur; NritahdJ gpd;jq;fpa gFjpfisr; nrd;wiltjw;fhf RfhjhuNrit gpuhe;jpag; gzpg;ghsupd; fPo; njhopw;gLfpwJ.

re;ij trjpfs; mf;fiwf;Fl;gl;l gFjpahdJ fpuhkpa> miuefu> efu Rw;whlypd; fyg;G gFjpahf mike;jpUg;gjhy; ,e;j gy;NtW kl;lq;fis ,izf;Fk; xU re;ijg;gLj;jy; tiyg;gpd;dy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. jk;Gs;s vdg;gLk; tu;j;jf ikakhdJ fNyty gl;bdj;jpw;F mz;ikahf ,Ue;jnghOjpYk; Vida gl;bdq;fSf;F ,J rw;Wj; njhiythf cs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; rpyu; jkJ jdpahu; Nghf;Ftuj;ij kfht> nghy;gpj;jpfk gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J jkJ kuf;fwp> goq;fs; kw;Wk; jhdpaq;fis jk;Gs;isapy; tu;j;jf ikaj;jpy; tpw;gjw;fhf vLj;Jr; nry;fpd;wdu;. ,e;j tifapy; fy;fKt> mk;gd;nghyTld; ,izf;Fk; xU re;ij tiyg;gpd;dYk; cs;sJ. MfNt tptrha rdr%fkhdJ jkJ tptrhag;; gz;lq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;aTk; ,e;j tiyg;gpd;dy; Clhf Nritj;juk; Fwpj;j xU Nfs;tp ,Ue;jnghOjpYk; mjpf Kaw;rpapd;wp tiyg;gpd;dy;fs; Clhf jkJ cw;gj;jpia tpw;gjw;Fk; ,ayf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

kpd;rhu tpepNahfk; efu kw;Wk; miuefug; gFjpfspy; kpd;toq;fiyg; nghWj;jstpy; ve;jf; FiwghLk; ,y;iy. ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigahdJ fpuhkpag; gFjpfspd; Njitfisg; G+u;j;jp

nra;tjw;F vy;yh Kaw;rpfisAk; vLg;gjhf Njhd;WfpwJ. ,e;jg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J 82,790

tPLfs; kpd;rhu ,izg;ig ngw;Ws;s epiyapy; 26,442 tPLfSf;F mt;tpizg;Gf;fs; ,y;yhJs;sJ

fy;tp trjpfs; ,g;gFjpapd; rdr%fkhdJ Kiwrhu; fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; epahakhd re;ju;g;gj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,dg; gq;fPl;il guprPypf;Fk;nghOJ jkpo; %y ghlrhiyfs; epWtg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJld; gps;isfs; rpq;fsk;> jkpo;> Mq;fpy nkhopfis jkJ tpUg;gj;ijg; nghWj;J fw;Fk; re;ju;g;gj;ij mDgtpf;fpd;wdu;. kj;jpa fy;Y}upfs;> kfhtpj;jpahyaq;fs;> fdp];l tpj;jpahyq;fs;> Muk;g ghlrhiyfs; vd;gdtw;wpd; gpurd;dkhdJ rpWtu;fSf;F ,g;gFjpfSf;Fs;shf gy;fiyf;fof kl;lj;jpw;F tiuf;Fk; fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F rdr%fg; gps;isfSf;F re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;FfpwJ. fy;tp trjpfshdit fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uj;jy; Fwpj;J jfty;fis ml;ltiz 3-20 jUfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 3-20 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; fy;tp trjpfs;

njhlu; ,y gpuNjr nrayu; gpupT

rpq;fsnkhop %yk;

jkpo;nkhop %yk;

rpq;fs Mq;fpy %yk;

nkhj;jk;

1 jk;Gs;is 33 02 - 35

2 fNyty 35 04 - 39

3 nghy;gpj;jpf 53 - - 53

4 kfht 30 03 04 37

5 mfw;WNtt 14 - 01 15

6 mk;gd;nghy 14 01 01 16


106

7 fy;fKt 33 07 02 42

nkhj;jk; 212 17 08 237

%yk; 1. Gs;sptpguf; ifNaL 2011 Gs;;sptpgug; gpupT> FUzhfiy khtl;l mYtyfk;

2. fNynty kw;Wk; jk;Gs;s gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; ts tpguj;jpul;L 2011

3.3.5 jw;NghJs;s Rfhjhu kw;Wk; Vida r%fg; gpur;rpidfs;.

murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;> fpuhk jiytu;fs;> rdr%ff; FOf;fSldhd fye;Jiuahly;fs; kw;Wk; Clf mwpf;iffspy; ,Ue;jhd tpisTfspd; gpufhuk; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; gpd;tUk; Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%fg; gpur;rpidfs; epyTtjhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

I. Rj;jkhd FbePu; mUikahf cs;sJ (mjpf cg;igf; nfhz;bUj;jy;)

II. fLikahd rpWePuf Neha;fshy; Jd;gg;gLk; Nehahspfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;jy;

(CKDu)

III. kdpj ahid Kuz;ghLk; td tpyq;Ffshy; gapu;fs; Nrjkhf;fg;gLjYk;.

IV. ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhf ngz;fs; Gyk;ngau;tjd; epkpj;jkhf vOk; gpur;rpidfs;

V. tptrha ,urhadq;fs; mjpfkhfg; gad;gLj;jLj;jYk; tptrha ,urhadq;fspd; ghJfhg;gw;w gad;ghLk;

VI. J}Rld; njhlu;Gila Rthrg; gpur;rpidfs;

,f; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ `f;tw;Wd Xah tbepypk; kw;Wk; Nky; kP Xah tbepyj;jpw;F gpujhdkhf FbePiuAk; ePu;g;ghrd ePiuAk; toq;Ftij mjpfupg;gjw;fhf gpujhdkhf tbtikf;fg;gLfpwJ. fLk; rpWePuf Nehapdhy; rdr%fq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;fhd fhuzk; ,d;Dk; mwpag;gltpy;iy. ,jw;fhd fhuzk; Fwpj;J gy;NtW tifahd fUj;Jf;fs; cs;sd. nghy;gpj;jpfk> k`ht gpuNjr nrayu; gpupTfNs ,t;tz;zkhd fLk; rpWePuf Neha;r; rk;gtq;fs;; mjpfupj;j gFjpfshf mwpf;ifaplg;gLfpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F ,g;gFjpapYs;s

63,113 nkhj;j rdj;njhifapdupy; nghy;gpj;jpfk gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpuptpy; 228 rpWePuf Nehahspfs;; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdu;.

,e; NehahspfSf;F cjTtjpy; gy murrhu;gw;w epWdq;fs; gzpahw;Wfpd;wd. murhq;fKk; nghy;gpj;jpfk gpuNjr nrayu; gpuptpy; epf;fNtth gFjpapy; rpfpr;ir trjpfis mikj;Js;sJ. ntl;lg;gl;l fpzWfspy; ,Ue;jhd FbePu;> G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfspd; gad;ghNl fLikahd rpWePufNeha;f;F fhuzk; vd gy tpQ;Qhdpfs; ek;Gfpd;wdu;. mt;thwhapd; ,g;gFjpf;F kfhtyp ePiu mwpKfk; tplakhdJ epiyikiaf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;F ed;ik gaf;ff;$bajhFk;. vt;thwhapDk; tptrhag; nghUl;fs; kl;by; ey; tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;Jk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. kdpj ahid Kuz;ghL> ePu;g;gw;whf;Fiw vd;gd FUzhfiy khtl;lj;jpy; tpNrlkhff; fhzg;gLk; nghJg; gpur;rpidfshfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ahidfs; flf;Fk; ,lq;fspy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s tPLfs; kpfTk; jhf;fg;glf;$badthf cs;sd. FbePu; gpur;rpidAk; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapd; cyu;tyaq;fspy; tpNrlkhf cyu;fhyg;gFjpfspy; nghJthdjhf cs;sJ. Rthrg; gpur;rpidfSk; gpujhd tPjpfis xl;b kpfTk; mjpfkhdjhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

3.3.6 ngsjPf uPjpapy; ,ayhikiaf; nfhz;Ls;s tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupy; r%f nghUshjhu epiyikfs; 20 tPLfspYs;s 22 FLk;gq;fs; (2 FLk;gq;fs; cg FLk;gq;fshf cs;sd) gFjpahf ghjpf;fg;gLtu; ,dk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sdu;. mtu;fsJ fhzpapd; xU gFjpahdJ Rtpfupf;fg;gLtjw;F Njitahf cs;sJ. mtu;fSila tPLfSk; xU gFjpahf NrjkilAk;. vt;thwhapDk; kpFjpahf cs;s fhzpfs; mtu;fs; tPLfs; fl;bf;nfhs;s NghJkhdjhf


107

cs;sJ. ghjpf;fg;gl;l Ml;fspd; tpguq;fs; kw;Wk; mjNdhL ,ize;j el;l<l;L Vw;ghLfs;

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; jahupf;fg;gl;l kPs; FbNaw;wj;jpl;lj;jpy; fye;Jiuahlg;gLfpd;wd..

3.3.6.1 fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpapd; rdj;njhif juT

ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fspd; ghy;epiyf; fl;likg;G Fwpj;J guprPypf;Fk;nghOJ ,t;tha;thdJ 22 tPl;Lj;Jiwj; jiytu;fSk; Mz;fshf ,Ug;gij ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJld;> ,ayhikAld;

$ba my;yJ jhf;fg;glf;$ba FLk;gq;fs; vitAk; ,dk;fhzg;gltpy;iy.

ml;ltiz 3-21 ghjpf;fg;gl;l tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupd; vz;zp;f;if

khtl;lk;

gpuNjr nrayu; gpupT

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupT ghy;epiy

Tjptplq;fs; kPjhd jhf;fk; HH ,d; epiy

Mz;

ngz;

,lkhw;wk;

jspikg;g

Lj;jy;

ed;W

,ayhi

k

jhf;fg;glf;

$ba

jd;ik

khj;jis

jk;Gs;is


vjngd;bNtth 4 4 4

nty;yk;kpw;waht 4 4 4

fNyty

jd;Laha 1 1 1

ud;ntbaht 2 2 2

g`ygk;gth 4 4 4

FUzhfiy k`t nfh];nghj;j 2 2 2

nfhd;Ntth 3 3 3

nkhj;jk; 22 22 22 22 HH fspYk; 2 APS cg FLk;gq;fshf ,Ug;gij jaT nra;J ftdpf;Ff. MfNt 20 tPLfs; khj;jpuNk ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

%yk;: kPs;FbNaw;wf; fUj;jha;T 2014 NWP ePu; jpirjpUg;gy; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzg; gFjpf;Fs;shf 66 Ml;fs; (31 Mz;fs;> 35 ngz;fs;) 8 fpuhkNritahsu; gpupTfspy;> (3 gpuNjr nrayu; gpupTfspy;) 22 tPLfspy; tho;fpd;wdu;. gpd;tUk; ml;ltizahdJ ghjpf;fg;gl;l rdj;njhifapdupd; taJ> ghy;epiy> jpUkzepiy vd;gd njhlu;ghd jfty;fisf; fhl;LfpwJ.


108

ml;ltiz 3-22 ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fspd; rd vz;zpf;if> ghy;epiy> jpUkzepiy kw;Wk; taJ


18 tajpw;F Fiwe;j taJf;

FOtpdu; taJf; FO19 – 59 tUlq;fs; 60 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l taJf;

FOtpdu;

Mz;fs; ngz;fs; Mz;fs; ngz;fs; Mz;fs; ngz;fs;

jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

jGjhuu;

jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

tpjit

jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

jGjhuu;

jpUkzkhNdhu;

jpUkzkhfh

Njhu;

tpjit

nydNlhuh tlf;F 3 1 1 1

vjngd;bNtth 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1

nty;yk;kpw;waht 2 3 1 4 1

jd;Laha 2 1 1

ud;ntbaht 1 2 2

g`ygk;gth 1 2 3 1 2 1

nfh];nghj;j 1 1 1 2 1

nfhd;Ntth 4 3 3

nkhj;jk; 5 12 16 5 19 2 5 2

%yk;: kPs; FbNaw;wf; fUj;jha;T 2014

Nkw;gb rdj;njhifapdupd; ,dk; kw;Wk; kjj;jpidg; guprPypf;Fk;nghOJ midtUk; rpq;fs

ngsj;ju;fshf cs;sdu;. tpguq;fshdit fPNo cs;s ml;ltizapy; jug;gLfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 3-23 FLk;gq;fspd; ,dk;> kjk;> kw;Wk; ghy;epiy tpguq;fs;

GND rpq;fstu;fs; ngsj;ju;fs;

Mz; ngz; Mz; Ngz; nydNlhuh tlf;F 2 4 2 4

vjngd;bNtth 8 6 8 6

nty;yk;kpw;waht 5 6 5 6

jd;Laha 3 1 3 1

ud;ntbaht 3 2 3 2

g`ygk;gth 4 6 4 6

nfh];nghj;j 3 3 3 3

nfhd;Ntth 3 7 3 7

nkhj;jk; 31 35 31 35

%yk;: kPs; FbNaw;wf; fUj;jha;T ,NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk; 3102


109

3.3.6.2. fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpfspy; tPLfSk; fl;blq;fSk;

kdpj FbapUg;Gf;fSila 41 fpuhkq;fSf;Fs;shf cj;Njr fhy;tha; topia jpl;lkpLk;nghOJ jw;NghJs;s fl;blq;fSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r Fog;gk; Vw;gLtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;F vy;yh Kaw;rpfSk; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf njupfpwJ. 78 fpNyhkPw;wuhd KO ePsj;jpyhd 20 tP;Lfs; khj;jpuNk ghjpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ ,e;j cz;ikia ntspfhl;LfpwJ. fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpapy; tUk; tPLfs; fl;blq;fs; njhlu;ghd tpgukhd jfty;fis gpd;tUk;

ml;ltiz jUfpwJ .

ml;ltiz 3-24 ghjpf;fg;gl;l tjptplq;fSk; tjptpl xJf;fPLfSk;

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupT tPLfspd; ghjpg;G

tjptpl xJf;fPLfspd; ghjpg;G

KOikahf

gFjpahf

jdpikg;gLj;jg;gLif

KOikahf

gFjpahf

nydNlhuh tlf;F 02 02

vjngd;bNtth 04 04

nty;yk;kpw;waht 04 04

jd;Laha 01 01

ud;ntbaht 02 02

g`ygk;gth 02 02

nfh];nghj;j 02 02

nfhd;Ntth 03 03

nkhj;jk; 20 20


3.3.6.3. tPl;Lj;njhFjp tPl;Lj;Jiwapdu; / fl;blq;fs; kw;Wk; tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd;

tiffSk; vz;zpf;ifAk; :

ghjpf;fg;gLk; tPLfspilNa 7 tPLfs; fNyty gpuNjr nrayu; gpuptpYk;> 10 tPLfs; jk;Gs;s gpuNjr nrayu; gpuptpYk;> 5 tPLfs; kfht gpuNjr nrayu; gpuptpYk; mike;Js;sd. tpNrlkhf gy tPLfs; fNyty gpuNjr nrayu; gpuptpYk; gl;bd vy;iyf;Fs;shf Mq;fhq;Nf mike;Js;sd. mNefkhd ,e;jf; FLk;gq;fs; murhq;fj;jpYk; jdpahu; JiwapYk; Ntiytha;g;gjhfTk;> rpyu; Ra Ntiythg;a;ig nra;gtu;fshfTk; fpl;lj;jl;l 40 tUlq;fs; ,e;jg; gFjpapy; tho;e;jtu;fshfTk; cs;sdu;. ,d;Dk; rpyu; (fpl;lj;jl;l

10%)Mdtu;fs; gl;bd vy;iyf;F mg;ghy; gy;NtWgl;l njhopy;fspy; <Lgl;L tUfpd;wdu;.

r%f Ma;tpd; gpufhuk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l tjptplf; fhzpfspd; nkhj;j msthdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 5 Vf;fu;fshFk;. ,J cau;epyg;gapu;fs;> njd;idfs;> thio> goq;fs; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;FfpwJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf ney;tay;fspd; rpW njhl;lq;fSk; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. ghjpf;fg;gl;l new;fhzpfshtd miu Vf;fu;fSf;F cl;gl;ldthf cs;sd. vt;thwhapDk; xU fzprkhd fhzpapd; msthdJ mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fsp;d; fPo; fhzp mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fSf;F FLk;gq;fSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jitfshFk;. ,e;jf; fhzpfspy; 40 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; mku;e;jpUg;gJld; mjd; epkpj;jk; KO cupikf;fhd cupik Nfhuiy nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,jw;F

rkhe;jukhf EIA MdJ tpgukhd r%f nghUshjhu fUj;jha;it kPs;FbNaw;wj;

jpl;lj;ij ,Wjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf nghWg;ngLj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,jw;fhf jahupf;fg;gl;l kPs; FbNaw;wj;jpl;lj;jpy; mjpfkhd rupahd jfty;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.


110

ml;ltiz 3-25 fhzp clikAupik – tPLfspd; tjpthsu; fhzpfs; (cau;epyk; kw;Wk; new;fhzpfs;)


Neubahd Rtu;zG+kp [ag+kp jk;Gs;s Nfhapy; (uh[fhup)

gk;ght Nfhapy; (Fj;jif)

A R P A R P A R P A R P A R P

cau;epyq;fs;

nydNlhuh tlf;F 3 3

vjngd;bNtth 1 1 1 2

nty;yk;kpw;waht 3 2

jd;Laha 2

ud;ntbaht 2 20

g`ygk;gth 1 3

nfh];nghj;j 1 2

nfhd;Ntth 3 2

ney;;

vj;jngd;bNtth 2 2


ml;ltiz 3-26 fl;likg;G (tjptpl tPLfs;) tiffSk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf cs;s trjpfSk;

fpuhkcj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupT

epue;jukhdJ miu

epue;jukhdJ

kpd;rhuk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf

cs;sJ.

Foha;ePu; fpilf;ff; $bajhf ,Uj;jy;

<75

0

75

0-1

50

0

>15

00

<75

0

75

1-1

50

0

>15

00

Mk;

,y;iy

Mk;

,y;iy


vjngd;bNtth 4 2 2 2 2

nty;yk;kpw;waht 1 2 1 4 1 3

jd;Laha 1 1 1

ud;ntbaht 1 1 2 2

g`ygk;gth 1 1 2 2

nfh];nghj;j 1 1 2 2

nfhd;Ntth 3 3 1 2

nkhj;jk; 13 4 1 2 16 4 6 14



111

3.3.6.4. fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpf;Fs;shd rdr%fj;jpd; tUkhdk; kw;Wk; tUkhd cUthf;fy; nrad;Kiwfs;

fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg; gFjpf;Fs;shd rdr%fq;fspd; gpujhd tUkhdk; <l;ly; nrad;KiwahdJ ghuk;gupa uPjpahfTk; kuGupik uPjpahfTk; mike;Js;sJ. rpwpa ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrd Kiwfs; Mfpa ,g;gFjpapy; mike;Js;sitfshtd tptrhaj;jpw;fhd gpujhd ePu; %yq;fshf cs;sd. kioePuhy; Cl;lg;gLk; new;gapu;r;nra;if Nridg; gapu;r;nra;if vd;gd gFjpapy; gof;fj;jpYs;sJ. tptrhapfs; ngUk;Nghfk; rpWNghfj;jpd;nghOJ ePupd;ikapd; epkpj;jkhf epr;rakpd;ikfisAk;> tdtpyq;F epkpj;jkhd Nrjq;fisAk; vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. kf;fs; ,e;j epr;rakpd;ikfs; %ykhf NtW tUkhd %yq;fis fz;Lgpbf;Fk; Nghf;F cs;sJ. FLk;gq;fspd; tUkhd kl;lj;ij

ghu;f;Fk;nghOJ fpl;lj;jl;l 70% MNdhu; khjhe;j tUkhdkhf &gh 10,000 f;F mjpfkhd tUkhdj;ijg; ngWfpd;wdu;.

ml;ltiz 3-27 tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupd; tUlhe;j tUkhdk;

GND &gh 60,000 – Nky;

&gh.60,000 – 120000 &gh.120,000 – 500,000

nydNlhuh tlf;F 01 01

vjngd;bNtth 02 02

nty;yk;kpw;waht 01 03

jd;Laha 01

ud;ntbaht 02

g`ygk;gth 02 02

nfh];nghj;j 01 01

nfhd;Ntth 01 02

nkhj;jk; 01 07 14

3.3.6.5. fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjp rdr%fj;jpd; njhopy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fspilNa Nrfupf;fg;gl;l EIA fsj; jfty; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G jfty;fspd;

gpufhuk; 40% f;F Nkw;gl;Nlhu; tptrhaj;ij jkJ tUkhdk; <l;Lk; nraw;ghlhff; nfhz;L

<Lgl;Ls;sdu;. kw;Wk; 36% ,du; jkJ ngUk; tUkhdj;ij murhq;fk; jdpahu; Ntiytha;g;Gf;fs; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. kpFjpahNdhu; tpahghuk; kw;Wk; RaNtiytha;g;gpy; <LgLfpd;wdu;. fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; tptrhakhdJ jw;nghOJ kioePiu mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ey;y kiotPo;r;rpAs;s gUtfhyq;fspd;nghOJ kf;fs; ePiu ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fspy; Nrkpj;J ePu;g;ghrdk; kw;Wk; tPl;Lj;Njitf;fhf $l;lhf Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;fpd;wdu;. gapu;r;nra;if fhyj;jpd;nghOJ tul;rp Vw;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; mtu;fs; ey;y mWtiliag; ngw jtWtJ kl;Lky;yhky; tul;rpapd; $Uzu;Tj;jd;ikiag; nghWj;J mWtilia ,og;gijAk; vjpu;nfhz;Ls;sdu;. mj;Jld; fhl;L tpyq;Ffs; gapu;fSf;F Nrjk; Vw;gLj;Jk; rhj;jpaKs;sJ. ,e;j epiyikahdJ vt;tplq;fspyhtJ Ntiytha;g;gpid ehbr; nry;Yk; Nghf;Ff;F ,l;Lr; nrd;Ws;sJ. ,d;Dk; rpyu; ghuk;gupaj;Jld; xj;Jz;L ,Ug;gJld; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; rpukq;fs; gy;NtWgl;l jpahfq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L jkJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,aYikf;Fs;shf jkJ nrhe;j jPu;Tfisf; fhz;gjpy; tptrhaj;jpy;


112

<Lgl;Ls;sdu;. gpd;tUk; ml;ltizahdJ ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fspd; Ntiytha;g;G epiyik gw;wpa epuiyj; jUfpwJ

ml;ltiz 3-28 ghjpf;fg;gl;l tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupd; Ntiytha;g;G epiy


tptrahk;

murJiw jdpahu;Jiw

tpahghuk;

$ypj;njho

py; /

rhujp

RaNtiytha

;g;G

epue;juk;

epue;jukpy;iy

epue;juk;

epue;jukpy;iy

nydNlhuh tlf;F 1 1

vjngd;bNtth 2 1 1

nty;yk;kpw;waht 3 1

jd;Laha 1

ud;ntbaht 1 1

g`ygk;gth 1 3

nfh];nghj;j 1 1

nfhd;Ntth 1 1 1

nkhj;jk; 9 2 0 4 2 1 2 2


Gjpa jiyKiwahdJ tptrhaj;jpy; ,Ue;J me;epag;gl;L gl;bdq;fspy; Ntiytha;g;ig ehLk; xU Nghf;F fhzg;gLfpwJ. mt;thwhd ,isNahuplk; ,lk;ngw;w xU fye;Jiuahlypy; mtu;fs; tptrhak; njhlu;ghd epr;rakpd;ikfs; rpukq;fis fz;nfhz;L ,Ug;gjhf ntspg;gLj;jpapUg;gJld; cau;fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L ghJfhg;ghd Ntiyapy; xU

epue;jukhd tUkhdj;ij <l;bf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;w fUj;J njuptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

3.3.6.6 fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpapy; Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWdu;fs; (rKu;j;jp ngWdu;fs;)

Neubahfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpf;Fs;shf 05 FLk;gq;fs; murhq;fj;jpdhy; Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWk; FLk;gq;fshf milahsk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sdu;. ,e;jf; FLk;gq;fs; midj;Jk; Mz;fshy; (jGjhuu;fshy;) jiyik jhq;fg;gLfpwJ. mtu;fs; murhq;fj;jplkpkpUe;J rKu;j;jp epthuz epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; khjhe;j khdpaj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;> fs Ma;tpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lthwhf ,e;jf; $ypj; njhopyhsu;fs; jkJ cz;ikahd nrytpdj;ij <Lnra;tjw;F ,e;j khdpak; Nghjhikahy; mjid Fiwepug;Gtjw;fhf $ypj;njhopy;fspy; <LgLfpd;wdu;. ,it 5 Ngupy; 4 Ngu; mt; khdpak; Fwpj;J jpUg;jpailahJ cs;sdu;.

ml;litz 3-29 Neubahfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l rKu;j;jp ngWdu;fspd; vz;zpf;if


HHf fspd; vz;

khjhe;j tUkhdk; kw;Wk; ngWdu;fspd; vz;zpf;if jpUg;jp

600 500 400 240 Mk; ,y;iy

vjngd;bNtth 1

1

1


113

nty;yk;kpw;waht 2 1

1 1 1

jd;Laha 0

ud;ntbaht 0

g`ygk;gth 1

1

1

nfh];nghj;j 0

nfhd;Ntth 1

1

1

nkhj;jk; 5 1 2 1 1 1 4


3.3.7 fyhrhu tuyhw;W GijnghUspay; mk;rq;fs; / guprPypg;Gf;fs;

NWP fhy;tha; jpirjpUg;gy; fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; mike;Js;s fNynty> jk;Gs;is> nghy;gpj;jpfk> kNfh> vfw;WNtth> mk;gd;nghy> kw;Wk; fNyfKt Nghd;w ,lq;fshdit GijnghUspay; uPjpahfTk;> tuyhw;W uPjpahfTk;> fyhrhu uPjpahfTk;> nrhy;yg;gl;l gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLk; GijnghUspay;> tuyhw;W fhuzpfisg; guprPypf;Fk;nghOJ Kf;fpakhd ,lq;fshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd.

tpNrlkhf> ,k;gd;fl;Lt vdg;gLk; jk;Gs;isapYs;s ,lkhdJ mjdJ gy GijnghUspay; fhuzpfSld; tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l tpgj;Jld; jdJ ePz;l tuyhw;iw tp];jupg;gjhf

epUgpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NWP fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpf;Fs;shf mike;Js;s gFjpfspYs;s ehl;Lf;fijfs;> GijnghUspay; fhuzpfspdhy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lthwhf Fwpg;gpl;l rpy gFjpfshditfs; Guhjd fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ murpd; csT tyaq;fshf epu;khz gFjpfshf mf;fhyj;J khfhz epu;thf];ju;fshy; mDuhjGuk;> nghyeWit> ahg;g$th> FUzhfiy ,uhr;rpaq;fis Mz;l Njtek;gpa jPrd;> Jl;lifKD> tyfk;gh kw;Wk; jj;JNrd muru;fshy; Msg;gl;ljhfTk;> tptrha nraw;ghLfSf;F md;gspg;ghf (epe;jfk;)

ngU epyg;gug;G fhzpj;Jz;Lfs; toq;fg;gl;ljhfTk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. “Fsk;> jhJNfhgk;>

fpuhkk;> Nfhapy;” Nghd;w vz;zf;fUf;Fs;shf r%f nghUshjhu> kj tpUj;jpf;fhf Guhjd tpgj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwapaiy ntspg;gLj;Jk; epidTr; rpd;dq;fSk; ,e;jg; gFjpapy; ,d;Dk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

,d;W$l jk;Gs;is> ud;fpup jk;GS Nfhapy;> rpfpupah> gk;ght Nfhapy;> ahg;g$th Nfhapy;> vfw;WNtth nw];ntnfu Nfhapy;> kw;Wk; fy;fpupa fd;lh (rypah mNrhfkhyh Guhzj;jpw;F gpugy;akhdJ) Nghd;w kj kw;Wk; tuyhw;W ngWkhdq;fisf; nfhz;litfs; ngsj;ju;fshy; khj;jpuky;yhky; Vida kjj;jtu;fshYk; kjpf;fg;gLtJld; rpy fyhrhug; gFjpfshdit vy;yh kjj;jpd; vy;yh gpd;gw;WNthuhYk; ghuhl;lg;gl;L mitfs; fyhrhu uPjpahf ngWkhdkpf;f gFjpfshf khwpAs;sd.

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; jw;NghJs;s ngupa kw;Wk; rpwpa Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; ,izf;fg;gl;l ePu;g;ghrd Kiwikfs; Guhjd tpgj;jpy; ,Ue;J fhzg;gLtJld; vkJ Guhjd muru;fspd; tpgj;jpd;nghOJ tptrhaj;Jiwapd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kf;fpa tuyhw;Wf; fhuzpfshf cs;sd.

3.4 GijnghUspay; Ma;tpd; Kiwapay;

ghlE}y; rhd;Wfis NjLtjd; %yKk;> gioa mwpf;iffis Ma;tjd; %yKk;> mUq;fhl;rpafq;fspy; Ma;T elj;Jtjpd; %yKk;> Gjpa Mtzq;fis Ma;T nra;tjpd; %yKk; NtWgl;l ehl;lhu; fijfis Ma;tjd; %yKk; Njrg;glq;fs;> jpl;lq;fs;>


114

kw;Wk; Gifg;glq;fis Ma;T nra;tjd; %yKk; ,g;gFjpapd; tuyhw;W gFg;gha;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapd; GijnghUs; gFjpfis ,dk;fhZtjhdJ NkypUe;jhd Gifg;glq;fs;> fs eilgtdpfs;> khjpup Nrfupg;Gfs; Nghd;w mopit Vw;gLj;jhj Kiwfs; Clhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. vy;yh ,dk;fhzg;gl;l GijnghUspay; vr;rq;fSk; tiuG uPjpahfTk;>

Gifg;gl uPjpahfTk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJld; GPS fsg;Gs;spfs;> jpl;lq;fs;> gpupTfs;> cauq;fs;> Njitahd ,lq;fspy; tpgukhd tiuGfs; Nghd;wtw;Wldhd mikTg;glq;fspd; tpjj;jpy; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;ld. vy;yh cz;ikfSk; mtw;wpd; miktplj;ij ,dk; fhZtjw;fhfTk;> gFg;gha;T nra;tjw;fhfTk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. ,e;j tprhuiz KiwapayhdJ ,e;jf; fUj;Jf;fzpg;gpy; gy;NtW kl;lq;fspd; Fzhk;rq;fs; kw;Wk; msTf;fhd gupl;rpg;Gf;fhf ,lj;jpid kjpg;gpLk; KfkhfTk; $l;Lr; Nru;f;iffs;> tpQ;Qhd Kiw mtjhdpg;Gf;fs;> rhfpatpay; vd;gtw;wpd; gy;NtW kl;lq;fspd; Fzhk;rq;fs; kw;Wk; msTfisg; gupl;rpf;Fk; Kfkhf ,g;gFjpfs; kjpg;gPL nra;Ak; Kiw iff;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. fUj;jha;tpd;nghOJ VjhtJ cstpay;> nghUspay; kpFjpfis ,dk;fhZtjw;fhf tprhuizf;s Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. kjpg;gPlhdJ Nkw;gug;Gf;fs; fUj;jha;Tfshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

Kiwik uPjpahd fs eilKiwikahdJ Kiwik uPjpahf KOg;gFjpiaAk; Njb Muha;tjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. khjpupfisr; Nrfupj;jy;> milahsq;fis epWTjy;> Gifg;glk; vLj;jy;> jpl;lq;fisj; jahupj;jy; vd;gd mg;gFjpapyhd fUj;jha;tpd;nghOJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;Tspd; gpufhuk; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpf;Fs;Ns 39 GijnghUspay; Kf;fpaj;Jtkhd gFjpfs; ,dk;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. (ml;ltiz 3-30) GijnghUspay; ,lq;fspd; miktplg;glj;ij cU 3-17 ,y; jaT nra;J ghu;f;Ff.


115

cU 3-16 GijnghUspay; ,lq;fspd; miktplq;fs;


116

3.4.1 Kf;fpakhd GijnghUspay; ,lq;fs;

gpd;tUtJ GijnghUspay; jhf;fkjpg;gPl;bd; fhz;Gfspd; xU RUf;fkhFk;. mj;Jld;

KOikahd mwpf;ifahdJ gpd;dpizg;G VI – IV,y; jug;gLfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 3-30 GijnghUs; gFjpfspd; ngau;fSk;> tpgupg;Gk; mtw;wpd;

miktplKk;. ,lk; RUf;f tpgupg;G miktplk; Guhjd ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gbT gl vLj;jhSif (L1)

fhy;thapd; tyJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fp;l;ljl;l 268 kPw;wu;fs; njhiytpy; xU gpau;r;nra;if epyj;jpw;Fs;shf mz;zsthf 50 x 50 kPw;wu; gFjpahdJ xU ,aw;if rpW Fd;whf ,dk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jk;Gs;is gp.nr.> nydNlhuh njw;F fp.Nr.gp.

Guhjd fw;Fop gl vLj;jhSif (L2)

fpwp];lypd; Rz;zhk;Gf;fy;> kw;Wk; nlhnyhikw; Nghtw;Wd ePu;f;fPo;g; ghij fhy;thapd; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 600 kPw;wu; njhiytpy; cs;shf xU ,aw;if rpW Fd;W ,dk;fhzg;gl;lJ.

jk;Gs;is gp.nr. nydNlhuh njw;F fp.Nr.gp.

Guhjd FbapUg;ghsUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd rpW Fd;W gl vLj;jhSif (L3)

nrk;gz;lq;fs; tuhw;wpd; Ke;jpa fhyg;gFjpf;F nrhe;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. gbTfshdit fhy;thapd; ,lJg;gfj;jpy; ,Ue;J 480 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf 75 x 50m gFjpapy; Rz;zhk;Gf;fy;> kw;Wk; nlhnyhikw; gbTfSld; ,dk;fhzg;gl;lJ

jk;Gs;is gp.nr. nydNlhuh njw;F fp.Nr.gp

moptile;j gFjp gl vLj;jhSif (L4)

fhy;thapd; ,lJgf;fj;jpypUe;J 665 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf mope;JNghd nrJf;fg;glhj fw;W}z; gFjp nrq;fl;b> js XL vd;gtw;wpd; rPuope;j fl;likg;G xd;W ,dk;fhzg;gl;lJ


mk;gf`lYnghj;j Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; Guhjd FbNaw;wthrpfSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd xU Fd;W. gl vLj;jhSif (L5)

fhy;thapd; tyJgf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 253 kPw;wu; njhiytpw;Fs;shf mz;zsthf 75 x 75 kPw;wu; ,lj;jpy; ,Uk;Gj;jhJld; nrk;ghz;lk; kw;Wk; ntWk; nrk;ghz;lk; xd;whf ,dk; fhzg;gl;ld.


fNydtj;j Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; Guhjd FbNaw;wk; gl vLj;jhSif (L6)

fhy;thapd; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 12 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf Potsherd kw;Wk; ,Uk;Gj;jhJfSld; $ba xU fhzp.

jk;Gs;is gp.nr.gp> vj;jngd;bNtth fp.Nr.gp,

kdpf;njd Guhjd Fsk; gl vLj;jhSif (L7)

kdpf;njd Guhjd FskhdJ cj;Njrf; fhy;thapdhy; ePu; toq;fg;gLk;.


kdpf;njd Guhjd Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikahf Guhjd FbapUg;Gf;fs; gl vLj;jhSif (L8)

kdpf;njd Guhjd Fsj;jpd; mizf;fl;Lf;F mz;ikahf Guhjd FbapUg;Gf;fs; ,dk;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J potsherd kw;Wk; ,Uk;Gj;jhJfis 2 Vf;fu; epyg;gug;gpy; nfhz;Ls;sJ


clNkfy Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikahf Guhjd FbapUg;Gf;fs; gl vLj;jhSif (L9)

clNkfy Fsj;jpd; fiuapd; Kbtplj;jpy; Guhjd FbapUg;Gf;fs; ,dk; fhzg;gl;ld. ,Jfhy;thapd; ,lJgf;fj;jpy; fpl;lj;jl;l 39 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf potsherd gbtq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ .


nfhd;nfhy;y Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikahf ,y 01 Guhjd FbapUg;G gl vLj;jhSif (L10)

Guhjd nfhd;nfhy;y rpW Fd;Wf;F mz;ikapy; potsherd kw;Wk; ,Uk;Gj;jhJfs; fhy;thapd; tyJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 18 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf 150 x 150 m epyg;gug;gpy; ,dk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ


nfhd;nfhy;y Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikahf Guhjd FbapUg;G ,y 2 gl vLj;jhSif (L11)

fhy;thapd; tyJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 40 kPw;wu;fs; njhiyTf;Fs;shf fhzpfSf;F nghWg;ghf ,Uf;Fk; fhzp cj;jpNahfj;jUf;F nrhe;jkhd



117

fpl;lj;jl;l75 x 75 m epyg;gug;G gFjpapy; potsherd, ,Uk;Gj;jhJ> rPd kw;Wk; gpupj;jhdpa kuGfisf; nfhz;l nrukpf;fpyhd ghz;lq;fs; vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;l Guhjd rpW Fd;W xd;W nfhd;nfhy;y Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; ,dk;fhzg;gl;lJ

Guhjd Potsherd gbkq;fs; gl vLj;jhSif (L12)

fhy;thapd; ,lJgf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 106kPw;wu; J}uj;jpw;Fs;shf Guhjd Potsherd gbkq;fs; ,dk;fhzg;gl;ld.

jk;Gs;is gp.nr.gp> nfh];nghj;j fp.Nr.gpupT

fy;f];aha fpuhkj;jpy; Guhjd FbapUg;G gl vLj;jhSif (L13)

fhy;thapd; ,lJgf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 5 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf nrk;ghz;l potsherd kw;Wk; ,Uk;Gj;jhJf;fs; 100 x 80 kPw;wu; msTila Guhjd rpW Fd;wpy; ,dk; fhzg;gl;ld.

jk;Gs;is gp.nr.gp> nfh];nghj;j fp.Nr.gpupT

ePyfk Guhjd Nfhapy; gl vLj;jhSif (L14)

fhy;thapd; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 123 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf xU ghiwf; Fd;wpy; ghiw ntl;L Fiffs; Muk;g Guhjdf; fhyg;gFjpiar; Nru;e;jitfs; mike;js;sd.

jk;Gs;is gp.nr.gp> khj;jis khtl;lk; ePyfk fp.Nr. gpupT

ePyfk Guhjd NfhapYf;F mz;ikapYs;s Guhjd Fiffs; gl vLj;jhSif (L15)

fhy;thapd; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 3 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf ghiwapy; ntl;lg;gl;l Fiffs; Guhjd Muk;gfhyj;jpw;F Nru;e;jitfs; xU ghiwf;Fd;wpy; mike;Js;sd.

jk;Gs;is gp.nr.gp>, ePyfk fp.Nr. gpupT

nfhuf;f`nfhy;y mope;j gFjp gl vLj;jhSif (L16)

fhy;thapd; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 35 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf potsherd fs; gug;gl;lJld; fw;W}z;fspd; mbAld; mope;j gFjpahdJ xU J}gpahf ,Uf;ff;$baij cs;slf;fpAs;s fhzpapy; ,dk; fhzg;gl;lJ.

jk;Gs;is gp.nr.gp>, gpgpJd fp.Nr.gp

mope;j Fsk; gl vLj;jhSif (L17)

fhy;thapd; tyJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 40 kPw;wUf;Fs;shf xU 75 kPw;wu; mizf;fl;Lld; mope;j Fsk; xd;W ,dk; fhzg;gl;lJ.

FUzhfiy khtl;lk;> nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.Nr.gpupT>

nfhuf;fngny];] CairnGijf;Fk; gFjp gl vLj;jhSif (L18)

f`y;y> gy;Nyfy fhl;L ghJfhg;G ,lj;jpw;F cs;shf fhy;thapd; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 100 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf Cairn Gijf;Fk; ,lkhfpa 100 x 100 m gFjpahdJ ,dk;fhzg;gl;lJ

FUzhfiy khtl;lk;> nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.Nr.gpupT>

Guhjd ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gbTfs; gl vLj;jhSif (L19)

fhy;thapd; ,lJgf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 100 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf fpl;lj;jl;l 75 x 75kPw;wu; ,lj;jpy; Njf;F gapuplg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; nrk;ghz;l potsherd cld; xU Guhjd ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gbthdJ xU ,aw;if Fd;whf ,dk; fhzg;gl;lJ

FUzhfiy khtl;lk;> nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.Nr.gpupT

mope;JNghd kfhfpj;Jy Fsk; gl vLj;jhSif (L20)

kfhfpj;Jy FskhdJ Kw;WKOjhf mope;Js;sJ. mjDs;Ns Guhjd kjF ,dk;fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. kjF fhzg;gl;l gFjpapy; gy fw;jfLfs; cs;sd.

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp fSfy;y fp.Nr.gpupT

kfhfpj;Jy Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapYs;s Guhjd FbapUg;G gl vLj;jhSif (L21)

fhy;thapd; ,lJGwj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 90 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf kfhfpj;Jy Fsj;jpd; njd;fpof;F gFjpia Nehf;fp 50 x 50 m ,lg;gFjpapy; fWg;G kw;Wk; rptg;G ghz;lq;fspd; gbkq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp fSfy;y fp.Nr.gpupT

khjk;Ng Fsk; gl vLj;jhSif (L22)

Khjk;Ng FskhdJ Vw;fdNt jpUj;jg;gl;bUg;gJ ,f; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; tp];jupf;fg;glTs;sJ

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp> jhk;Ng fp.Nr.gp

Guhjd FbapUg;G gl vLj;jhSif (L23)

khjk;Ng Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; nrk;ghz;l ngh];ghw;W kw;Wk; ,Uk;Gj;jhJld; $ba 100 x 80 m gbkq;fs; ,dk; fhzg;gl;ld.

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp> jhk;Ng fp.Nr.gp

kfhfpUy Fsk; gl vLj;jhSif (L24)

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; kfhfpUy FskhdJ tp];jupf;fg;gltpUf;fpwJ.

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp> Nùj; fk fp.Nr.gp.

kfhfpUy Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; Guhjd

fhy;thapd; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 268 kPw;wu; njhiytpw;Fs;shf kfhfpUy

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp Nùj; fk fp.Nr.gp.


118

FbapUg;G gl vLj;jhSif (L25)

Fsj;jpd; ,lJ gf;fj;ij Nehf;fp ghidj; Jz;lq;fSld; 40 x 50 m fbTfs; ,dk; fhzg;gl;ld.

Guhjd ghidj;Jz;lq;fs; gbTfs; gl vLj;jhSif (L26)

fhy;thapd; tyJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 35 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf fhy;thapd; ,lJ fiuf;F mz;ikahf fpl;lj;jl;l 35 x 35 kPw;wu; ,lj;jpy; nrk;ghz;lq;fSld; xU Guhjd ghidj; Jz;lg;gbTfs;.

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp Nùj; fk fp.Nr.gp.

[ayj;fkNtt Guhjd Fsk; gl vLj;jhSif (L27)

[ayj;fkNtt Guhjd Fsk; xU rPuope;j fpl;lj;jl;l 150 m mizf;fl;Lld;.

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp> jk;Gtw;wtd fp.Nr.gpupT,

neYk;Ntth Guhjdf; Fsk; gl vLj;jhSif (L28)

Mz;zsthf moptile;j 75 m mizf;fl;Lldhd xU Guhjd Fsk;

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp> jk;Gtw;wtd fp.Nr.gpupT

nfhuf;f`Ntth Guhjd Fsk; gl vLj;jhSif (L29)

mz;zsthf 75 m moptile;j mizf;fl;Lld; $ba Guhjd Fsk;


nghy;;;;;f`Ntth Guhjd Fsk; gl vLj;jhSif (L30)

mz;zsthf 80 m moptile;j mizf;fl;Lld; $ba Guhjd Fsk‟.


nghy;;;;;f`Ntth Guhjd Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikahd Guhjd FbapUg;G gl vLj;jhSif (L31)

fhy;thapd; tyJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 114 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf 5 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ghf FbapUg;ghsu;fshy; iftplg;gl;l xU FbapUg;G.

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.g fl;LWNtth fp.Nr.gpupT

fwf];Ntth Guhdj ghiwf; Nfhapy; gl vLj;jhSif (L32)

fhy;thapd; tyJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 97 kPw;wu; njhiytpw;Fs;shf fwf];Ntth Guhjd ghiwf; Nfhapy; xU ,d;g tPlhff; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l FiffSld; $baJ. Muk;g tuyhw;Wf; fhyg;gFjpf;F Nru;e;jjhf ,Uf;ff;$baJ. cile;j ghidj; Jz;lq;fSld; ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp> fuf];Ntth fp.Nr.gpupT

nkw;wpfd;dNtth Guhjd Fsk; gl vLj;jhSif (L33)

fhy;thapd; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 558 kPw;wu; njhiytpw;Fs;shf nkw;wpfd;dNtth Guhjd Kw;WKOjhf mope;j Fsk; ,dk; fhzg;gl;lJ.

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp tw;Wtw;Nwfk fp.Nr.gpupT

ehfghk;G cUtj;Jldhd xU ntl;lg;gl;l fy; gl vLj;jhSif (L34)

fhy;thapd; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 635 kPw;wu; njhiytpw;Fs;shf xU ehfghk;G cUtj;Jld; $ba nrJf;fg;gl;l fy;yhdJ Gijay; Ntl;ilahLgtu;fshy; mopf;fg;gl;l xU ,lj;jpy; nkw;wpf;fd;dNtth Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; ,dk;fhzg;gl;lJ.

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp tw;Wtw;Nwfk fp.Nr.gpupT

fJWNtth Guhjd Fsk; gl vLj;jhSif (L35)

NWP fhy;thapd; Kbtplj;jpy; fJWNtth Guhjd Fsk; cs;sJ .

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp fJWNtth fp.Nr.gp

tTNyth gioa Fsj;jpy; mz;ikapy; mope;JNghd gFjp gl vLj;jhSif (L36)

mk;gf;nfhyNtthTf;F ,l;L;r;nry;Yk; fhy;thapd; Muk;g Gs;spapd; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 209 kPw;wu; njhiytpw;Fs;shf tTNyth Guhjd Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; xU mope;j Jg;gutw;w Kiwapy; nrJf;fg;gl;l Gijay; Njhz;LNthuhy; JUtp Muhag;gl;l xU nrJf;fg;gl;l fw;W}z; ,dk;fhzg;gl;lJ.

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp fk;GFyt fpNr.gp

ypadfk ghiw Mr;rpukk; gl vLj;jhSif (L37)

,fytj;j Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; xU nrJf;fg;gl;l xU gpf;F tho;e;j nrJf;fg;gl;l Fif ,dk;fhzg;gl;lJ

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp fj;jpfKt fp.Nr.gpupT

ypadfk gpf;Ftpd; Mr;rpukj;jpw;F mz;ikahf iftpidg;nghUl;fSld; $ba xU gFjp gl vLj;jhSif (L38)

,fytj;jNtth kw;Wk; ypadfk ghiw Mr;rpukj;jpw;fpilapyhd fhzpapy; nrk;ghz;lk; kw;Wk; rptg;G tu;zk; G+rg;gl;l ghz;lj;Jz;lq;fSld; 100 x 75 m msthd ,lg;gFjp ,dk; fhzg;gl;lJ

nghy;gpj;jpfk gp.nr.gp> , fj;jpfKt fp.Nr.gpupT

Nfhtpy;fe;j ghiw Mr;rpukk; gl vLj;jhSif (L39)

Nfhtpy;fe;j ghiw Mr;rpukg; gFjpf;Fs;shf nrJf;fg;gl;l Fif kw;Wk; Guhjd fw;W}z;fSld; $ba xU gFjp ,dk; fhzg;gl;lJ

k`t gp.nr.gpupT> nkhwf];Ntth fp.Nr.gpupT


119

4. cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fs;

4.1 mk;gd; fq;ifapd; ePug;gz;gpay; khw;wq;fs;

eltbf;if fl;lk; jw;Nghija ePu;g;ghtidahsu;fs; kPjhd jhf;fk; : ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; Nky; ePNuhl;lj;jpYs;s xU gpujhd ePu;r;Nrkpg;G ePu;j;Njf;fkhf cs;sJ. ehye;ijapy; ,Ue;jhd ePu;r;rpe;jy;fs; Nghtw;wd ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F nry;fpd;wd. vt;thwhapDk; ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij epu;khzpg;gjd; cz;ikahd Nehf;fkhdJ

guprPypf;fg;gLk;nghOJ kfhtyp H Kiwik MdJ jw;nghOJ ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J ePupid Ntz;b epw;ftpy;iy. nkhuf;ffe;j> fSfq;if fUj;jpl;lq;fshfpa jw;NghJ

eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUg;gitfs; NWP jpirjpUg;g Muk;gj;jpd; Kjyhk; fl;lk; NWP jpirjpUg;gk; Muk;gpf;Fk; Kjyhk; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gLtjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;

khw;wpaikj;jy;fs; NWP f;F ePupid jpir jpUg;Gtjw;fhd mjd;

nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ikf;F ,lkspg;gJld; NWP f;fhd ePu; tpepNahfj;jpw;Fk; ,lkspf;Fk;.

jw;nghOJ ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd tUlhe;j rpe;JifahdJ 20.9 kPw;wu; kpy;ypad; m3

kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ,J xf;Nuhgupy; ,Ue;J Vg;guy; tiuf;Fk; cyu;tyaj;jpd;

kiofhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngWfpwJ. fl;likg;G jpUj;jq;fs; G+u;j;jpahdJk; ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ FSL tbtikg;gpw;F epug;gg;gLtJld; rpe;JiffSk; Fiwf;fg;gLk;. ehye;j mizf;fl;bd; fPo; ePNuhl;lg;gFjpapy; fpl;lj;jl;l 90 n`f;Nlau;fs; gapuplg;gLfpd;wd. mbapYs;s ntspNaw;wy; tha; Clhf fPo; ePNuhl;lg;gFjpfSf;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk; ePuhdJ Rw;whly; gha;r;riyAk; ftdpj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ. ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ntkby;y kw;Wk; nltFt ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;Fk; ePiu tpepNahfpf;fpwJ. cU 2-4 iag; ghu;f;Ff.) ntkby;y jpir jpUg;gkhdJ cau; ,lj;jpy; ,lk;ngWtjpdhy; ,J Rw;whly; gha;r;riyNah fPo; ePNuhl;lg;ghijapYs;s ghtidahsu;fSf;fhd ePiuNah ghjpf;fhJ.

Nghtw;widapd; Nky; ePNuhl;lg;gFjpahd mk;gd; fq;iff;fhd rpe;Jiffis ePu; jpir jpUg;gk; Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;. ehye;ijapy; ,Ue;J Nghtw;widf;fhd Mw;W nrd;wilthdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 3 fp.kP ,Ug;gJld; ePuhdJ Mw;W nrd;iltpy; fpl;lj;jl;l 93 n`f;NlaUf;F ehye;j mizf;fl;by; ,Ue;jhd ePu;g;ghrd tpLtpg;Gld;

tpepNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ. MCB MNyhrfu;fs; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpd;ghd rpe;Jjy; kw;Wk;

ePu;g;ghrd tplaj;jpy; gy J}z;Ljy;fis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sdu;. NCP fhy;tha; cs;slf;fpa Ez; Kiw kw;Wk; Vida njhlu;Gila jpirjpUg;gy; njhlu;ghd KjyhtJ

Cf;Ftpg;ghdJ A10A vdg; ngauplg;gl;lJ. ,uz;lhtJ tpNrlj;JtkhdJ NWP fhy;fha; tpUj;jpf;F tpNrlkhf ,Ue;jJld; ePu; Kfhikj;Jtk; Kd;Ndw;wq;fisAk;

nfhz;bUe;jJld; gapu;nra;Ak; ghzpfisAk; fUj;jpy; vLj;J A4A vdg; ngauplg;gl;lJ> ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpyhd jw;Nghija tUlhe;j rpe;jy; msthdJ ( ehye;j jpUj;jg;glhj

2010-2013 juTfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L) 36.2 MCM Mf cs;sJ. ,J fUj;jpl;lj;jpd;

gpw;ghL fpl;lj;jl;l 7.7 MCM FiwAk;. rpe;Jjy;fs; kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrd tpLtpg;Gf;fspd; J}z;lg;gl;l khjhe;;j tpepNahfkhdJ fPNo jug;gLfpwJ. 2011 ,d;nghOjhd ];gpy;]; ntspaPLfshdit xg;gPl;Lf;fhf cs;slf;fg;gLfpwJ


120

khjk; xf; etk; br [d ngg; khu; Vg; Nk [{d; [{iy Mf nrg;

rpe;Jif;(

cz;ikfs;l-2011)

0 0 0.45 0.28 0.23 0.02 0.04 0.02 0 0 0 0

rpe;Jiffs;

(Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ-

A10A)

0.22 3.86 7.98 2.67 1.21 2.63 2.39 0 0 0 0 0

rpe;Jiffs; (Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ -A4A)

0 0.43 3.12 1.2 0.54 1.62 0.81 0 0 0 0 0

ePu;g;ghrd tpLtpg;Gf;fs; (A4A)

0.33 0.11 0.16 0.11 0 0 0.12 0.34 0.35 0.33 0 0

Rw;whly; gha;T : ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;jhd ePupd; jpirjpUg;gyhdJ Nghtj;jid mk;gd; fq;if Nky; ePNuhl;l ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;jhd rpe;Jif ePu; tbTfisf; Fiwf;Fk;. ehye;japypUe;J Nghtj;jidiar; nrd;wilAk; MwhdJ 3fp.kP ePsKilajhf ,Ug;gJld; ehye;j mizf;fl;bypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gLk; ePUld; ,e;j Mw;Wr; nrd;wiltpypUe;J fpl;lj;jl;l 93 nff;Nlau; fhzpf;F ePu; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; rpe;Jiffs;> ePu; topTfspd; khjhe;j ruhrup tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrd tpLtpg;ghdJ

gpd;tukhW cs;sJ (kpy;ypad; m3):

khjk; Xf; et br [d ngg; khu; Vg; Nk [{d;

[{iy

Mf];

nrg;

rpe;Jif 0.22 3.86 7.98 2.67 1.21 2.63 2.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ePu;g;ghrd tpLtpg;G

0.08 0.23 0.16 0.24 0.24 0.08 0.10 0.37 0.39 0.36 0.11 0.08

%yk; : Vf;fu;fs; khjpup Cf;Ftpg;G KbTfs;, Run Time A10A, by WMS (MASL)/MCB.

Nk khjk; - nrg;nuk;gu; tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ePu; rpe;Jiffs; fzf;fpy; vLf;fg;glhj mstpw;F kpfr; rpwpastpy; ,Ug;gjhf fhz KbAk;. cyu; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; fl;lisg; gFjpfSf;F ePu;g;ghrd tpLtpg;G Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

ePu;g;ghrd Njit ,y;yhj fhyg;gFjpapd; nghOJ Rw;whly; ePHj; Njitg;ghlhdJ

mbapy; ,Ue;jhd ntspthapy; ,Ue;J tpLtpg;gjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. 5 ft3/s vd;W

ntspapLifahdJ (fpl;lj;jl; 0.14 m3/s) ePu;g;ghrdj; Njitapy;yhj fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ mbapYs;s ntspthapy; ,Ue;J fPo; ePNuhl;lg;gFjpfSf;F Rw;whly; my;yJ cs;Su; Njitfspy; cs;s khw;wq;fspd; gpufhukhd Njitahd rPu;nra;iffSld; njhlug;gLtjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ePu;;g;ghrd gpur;rpidfspd;nghOJ xU gpwpjhd Rw;whly; gha;r;ry; mtrpakw;wjhf cs;sJ. Vnddpy; Rw;whwly; Njitfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;F jpUk;gp gha;thdJ Nghjpajhf cs;sJ>

4.2 kP Xah kw;Wk; `f;tw;Wdh Xah ePu; tbepyq;fspy; ePHg;gz;Gfs; khw;wq;fs;

eltbf;if fl;lk;

rhj;jpaj;jd;ikf;F Ke;jpa fl;lj;jpd; nghOJ ePu;r;rkdpiy Ma;thdJ nghWg;ngLf;fg;gLtJld; Ma;Tf;Fg; gpw;ghL KO tbepyKk; guprPypf;fg;gLtJld; mgptpUj;jpfs; guprPypf;fg;gl;ld. kP XahTf;Fk; `f;tw;Wdh tbepyq;fSf;Fk; ,U fl;lq;fshf ePupid jpirjpUg;Gtjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gLfpwJ.


121

fl;lk; 1: ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;f ePupypUe;J 30 MCM ePupid `f;tw;Wd Xah tbepyj;jpw;F

ntkby;y- NjtFt – kffpj;Jy - `f;tw;Wd Xah ghijapy; jw;Nghija

jpirjpUg;gyhfpa ntkby;y NjtFt jpl;lq;fSf;fhd fpl;lj;jl;l 30 kpy;ypad; m3 jpirjpUg;gYf;F Nkyjpfkhf jpirjpUg;gy;.

ePu;g;gz;apaypd; jw;Nghija epiy kPjhdjhf;fq;fs; :

njJW Xah tbepyk; : `f;tw;Wd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd ePu; khw;wy; Clhf njJW Xah tbepyk; kPjhd xU rhjfkhd jhf;fj;ij ,e;j jpirjpUg;Gif nfhz;bUf;Fk;. cU. 3.3 iag; ghu;f;Ff. fyh Xah tbepyk; : ntkby;y kw;Wk; NjtFth ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;fhd ePu; khw;Wif Clhf fyh Xah tbepyk; kPJ jpirjpUg;Giffs; xU rhjf jhf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. kP Xah : kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;fhd ePu; khw;Wif ClhfTk; kw;Wk; 500 n`f;Nlau; rpW Fs njhlu;r;rp Kiwik ClhfTk; ,j; jpirjpUg;GifahdJ kP Xah tbepyk; kPJ kPJ xU rhjfkhd jhf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

(cyu;fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ $l) ,e;jf; Fsq;fspd; Fiwe;jgl;rk; 1/3 Nrkpg;G ,aYikiag; NgZtjhdJ fhl;L kpUfq;fSf;F Rw;whly; ed;ikia toq;Fk;. mj;Jld; cyu; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ xU xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; cau;ePu; kl;lj;ijg; Ngz ,J cjTtJld; ,J epy ePu;j;juj;ij Kd;Ndw;WtJld;; fhLfs; kPjhd tul;rp jhf;fj;ijAk; Fiwf;fpwJ.

`fy – gy;Nyfy fhl;L tho; ghfq;fSf;Fs;shf cs;s iftplg;gl;l xU Fskhfpa kfhfpj;Jy ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; kPsikf;fg;gLk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpw;ghL ve;jf; Fsk; nfhz;bUf;ff;$ba Mff; Fiwe;j fdtsthdJ ve;j epiyikfspYk; 4.62 MCM Mf ,Uf;Fnkd ePu;r;rkepiy Ma;T fhl;LfpwJ. ,J fpl;lj;jl;l ,aYikapd; gq;fhFk;. kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ,aYikapy; fpl;lj;jl;l 1/3 gq;F Fiwe;jgl;rk; mstpidg; NgZk; ,aYikahdJ fhl;L tpyq;FfSf;F xU ed;ikmspf;Fk; tpisthf ,Uf;Fk;..

kfhfpj;Jy fhyg;gFjpapd; Kbtpd;nghOJ ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; nfhs;ssT MCM ,y; Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep ruhrup 12.57 13.25 13.40 14.52 14.89 14.89 14.89 14.89 12.68 6.65 11.75 14.68 80%PROB 9.81 11.73 13.71 14.68 14.89 14.89 14.89 14.89 11.68 4.62 10.23 14.37 20%PROB 14.66 14.89 14.73 14.89 14.89 14.89 14.89 14.89 13.41 8.68 13.32 14.89

fl;lk; 2 – jw;NghJs;s Nghtw;Wd ePu;g;ghrd epyf;fPo; ghijapd; fPNohl;l ePu;j;jpirapd; xU Gs;spapy; ,Ue;J kP Xah tbepyk; tiuf;Fkhd kfthyp ePupd; jpirjpUg;gy;

fl;lk; 2 mgptpUj;jpapy; cs;slq;Ftdthtd:

jk;Gs;s XahTf;F FWf;fhd jpirjpUg;gy; Gjpa mizAk; jw;NghJs;s NjtFth Cl;ly;

fhy;tha; (ntkby;y ,lJfiu gpujhd fhy;tha; cld; ,izg;gjw;fhf 100 MCM ia tUlhe;jk; jpirjpUg;Gtjw;F nydNlhuhTf;F mz;ikapy; jk;Gs;s Xahtpy; Nghtj;jd

epyf;fPo; ghij jpir jpUg;gypd; ePu;topNahl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;jhd 8.0 km ePskhd (10

fpAkp ,aYikAila) ePz;l fhy;tha; .

NWP apd; ed;ikailAk; gFjpf;Fs;shd jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;tha;fs;

jhf;fq;fs;: nkhuf;ffe;j – fSfq;if fUj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Nky; vyfu fhy;tha; G+u;j;jpailAk; gl;rj;jpy; Nky; kP Xah ePu;g;ghrd KiwfSf;fhd Nghtj;jd ePu;g;ghrd epyf;fPo; ghijapd; ePu;topg;ghijapy; ,Ue;J tUlhe;jk; kw;WnkhU ePu;g;ghrd jpir jpUg;Gifia fl;lk; 2 cs;slf;FfpwJ.

Nghtj;jidapy; ,Ue;J kfhfpj;Jy Ntth> nkbat njhlu; ePu;epiyfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F topNaw;gLj;Jk; rpW Fsq;fSld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l kw;Wk; Nky; kP Xah tbepyj;jpYs;s kpFjpahd rpwpa Fsj;njhlu;fs; mgf;nfhy Ntt kw;Wk; ml;lufy kw;Wk; gOf;flty ePuj;Njf;fq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw cl;gLj;jpa 2tJ fl;lj;jpd; fPo; fpl;lj;jl;l 9>000


122

n`f;Nlau;fSf;F ePu; nrYj;Jtjw;F jpl;lkplg;gLfpwJ. fpUyNtttpd; ePu; NkNyhl;lj;jpy; cs;sJk;> Nghtj;jdtpd; fPo; ePNuhl;lj;pdJk; gy ePu;g;ghtidahdu;fs; cs;sdu;. ,e;jg; ghtidahsu;fs; cj;Njr khw;Wifahy; ghjpf;fg;glkhl;lhu;fs;. ePu;r;rkepiy Ma;T

$Wtjpd; gpufhuk; ,e;jg; ghtidahsu;fSf;F 85 MCM tUlhe;jk; toq;fg;gLtjhy; cj;Njr khw;Wifahy; mtu;fs; ghjpf;fg;glkhl;lhu;fs;.

Rw;whly; gha;r;ry; kPjhd Gjpjhf fl;lg;gl;l ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; mizf;fl;Lf;fspd;

jhf;fk; :

Gjpjhf fl;lg;gl;l ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; mizf;fl;Lfspdhy; Rw;whly; gha;r;ry; gpujhd

Nrkpg;G / jpirjpUg;gj;jpy; khjhe;j cs;Su; cl;gha;r;ry;fisf; fz;Lnfhs;tjw;fhf

epGzu;fs; kiotPo;r;rp kw;Wk; / gha;e;JNghjy; cwTfisAk; khjhe;j ruhrup kiotPo;r;rpiaAk; gad;gLj;jpdu;. gpd;tUk; fl;likg;Gf;fshtd mtw;wpd; fPo;

ePNuhl;lg;gha;tpy; Rw;whly; kPJ xU jhf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;ff;$baJ:

`f;tw;Wd Xah kPjhd kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; Gdu;epu;khzKk; kP Xahtpw;F ePupd; xU gFjpia jpirjpUg;gYk;

kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij GdUj;jhuzk; nra;j gpw;ghL kfhfpj;Jytpd; fPo; Nehf;fpa ,uz;lhfg; gpupf;Fk; fl;likg;ghdJ `f;tw;Wd ePu;j;Njf;fk; kw;Wk; kP Xah tbepyj;jpw;F kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fk; Clhf cupa mstpy; ePupidg; gpupf;Fk;. jw;Nghija `f;tw;WdTf;Fk; kw;Wk; kfhfpUy vd;gtw;Wf;Fkhd cs;Su; cl;gha;r;ryhdJ

gpd;tUkhW cs;sJ. :

khjk; [d ngg; kh Vg; Nk [{d;

[{iy

Mf nrg; xf; et br

`f;tw;Wd 1.64 3.09 1.71 0.77 0.41 0.55 1.64 0.63 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.18 kfhfpUy 017 0.32 0.18 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.17 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02

`f;tw;Wd kw;Wk; kfhfpUyTf;fhd nkhj;j tUlhe;j cl;gha;thdJ KiwNa 10.81

kw;Wk; 1.13 kpy;ypad; m3 MFk;. mgptpUj;jpapd; fl;lk; 1 ,y; `f;tw;Wd XahTf;fhd

jpirjpUg;gyhdJ gha;Tf;F Nkyjpfkhf 10 kpy;ypad; m3 ,Uf;Fk;. cl;gha;r;ryhdJ mNj msthf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j tifapy; Rw;whly; gha;T kPJ ve;jtpj Rw;whly; jhf;fj;ijAk;

Vw;gLj;jhJ.

kfhfpUy Fsk;

kfh fpUy ePu;j;Njf;fk;: jw;Nghija rpe;jy; topjy; mikg;gpy; jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; jiy Ntiyf;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;

ePu;r;rkepiy Ma;Tfs; njhlug;gL;k;nghOJ kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd cl;gha;r;rypd;

mjpfupg;G xU guprPypg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;. kfhfpUy kjfpypUe;jhd ntspg;gha;r;ryhdJ 12.4

MCM Mf ,Uf;f mNjNtisapy; mjd; topjy; rpe;JifahdJ 12 MCM Mf tUlhe;jk; ,Uf;Fk;.

kfhfpUyTf;fhd cs;Su; cl;gha;r;ry;fs; gpd;tUkhW

xf; et br [ ngg; kh Vg; Nk [{d; [{iy Mf nrg; ruhrup .17 .32 .18 .08 .04 .06 .17 .06 .01 .01 .01 .02 80%PROB .09 .24 .14 .06 .02 .05 .15 .06 .01 .00 .00 .01 20%PROB .24 .46 .19 .11 .03 .06 .16 .09 .00 .00 .01 .02


123

kfh fpUy rpe;Jif (mgf;nfhyNtt ePu; nfhz;L nry;Yk; fhy;tha;f;F) fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpw;ghlhd mikT

xf; et br [ ngg; kh Vg; Nk [{d; [{iy Mf nrg;

ruhrup 1.16 2.15 .78 1.08 1.15 .66 .00 4.23 .00 .00 .07 1.07 80%PROB 1.17 2.64 .90 1.13 .42 .45 .00 2.72 .00 .00 .00 .28 20%PROB .26 3.10 .99 .74 1.37 .54 .00 6.16 .00 .00 .02 1.84

kPa Xah RB1 kw;Wk; RB2 Tf;fhd kfhfpUtpypUe;jhd jpirjpUg;gy;

xf; et br [ ngg; kh Vg; Nk [{d; [{iy Mf nrg;

ruhrup 5.21 4.10 4.87 4.29 .84 .38 .26 2.05 2.30 4.98 .77 .05 80%PROB 3.14 4.84 2.96 4.00 .39 .08 .06 1.47 2.23 5.17 .88 .02 20%PROB 7.48 3.51 4.04 5.70 1.12 .31 .04 3.21 3.11 5.11 .71 .02

nkbaht njhlUf;fhd jpirjpUg;gYf;fhd mizf;fl;L

ePu;g;ghrd gpur;rpidfspd;nghOJ kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy Nghd;w Gjpjhff; fl;lg;gl;l ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspypUe;J ePu;g;ghrd Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf ePu;g;ghrd fPo; ePNuhl;l ePuhdJ njhlu;r;rpahf tpLtpf;fg;gLnkd rhj;jpats Ma;T Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Nghfkw;w fhyq;fspd;nghOJ cs;Su; cl;gha;r;ryhdJ Mff; Fiwe;jJ ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F

nrf;fDf;F /0.2 m3 Mf ,Uf;Fnkd kjpg;gplg;gLtjhdJ cs;Su; kw;Wk; Rw;whly; Njitg;ghLfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf fPo; ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j jpirjpUg;gy; mizf;fl;lhdJ nkbaht Kiwikf;F ePiu jpirjpUg;Gk; ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd;; fPo; ePNuhl;lg;ghijapYs;s jpirjpUg;gy; mizf;fl;lhdJ Nghfkw;w fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ kPXahtpd; ,aw;ifg; gha;T epge;jidfisg; NgZtjw;fhf KOikahf jpwe;J tplg;gLk;.

4.2.1 nts;sg;ngUf;F Vw;gLjy; epu;khzk; kw;Wk; eltbf;if fl;lq;fs;

njJW Xah kw;Wk; kP Xahtpd; gpujhd Jiz MWfSf;F FWf;Nf kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; mike;Js;sd. ePNue;J gpuNjrq;fspy; nrq;Fj;jhd rha;Tfis ,uz;Lk; nfhz;bUg;gjpdhy; ,uz;L MWfSk; nts;sj;jpw;F cs;shfpd;wd. MfNt Ntiyaplq;fspy; <ufhyg;gFjpfspy; tpNrlkhf nts;sk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. cj;Njr ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshdit nts;sq;fs; kPjhd jzpg;G jhf;fk; xd;iw nfhz;bUg;gdthf cs;sd. MdhYk; ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ePNuhl;l miktplq;fspy;; kP Xah kw;Wk; njJW Xahtpy; gy Xilfs; fyf;fpd;wd. MfNt me;j ePNuhilfspd; ePNue;J gpuNjrq;fspy; ,Ue;J vOk; nts;sePuhdJ cj;Njr ePu;j;jhf;fq;fspd; epkpj;jkhf jzpf;fg;glkhl;lhJ. MfNt eltbf;if fl;lj;jpy; $l nts;sk; Vw;gLjy; xU gpur;rpidahf ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tpisthf mJ Fiwthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;; vd;W my;y. mstpidg; nghWj;J nts;sj;jpd; mopT tpisTfs; ,Uff;$Lk;. kP Xah tbepyk; kw;Wk; `f;tj;Jd Xah (njJW Xah tbepyj;jpd; cg tbepyk;) tlfPo; gUtfhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ ngUksthd ePupidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wd. kiofhyj;jpd;nghOJ nts;sk; Vw;gLjy; xU nghJthd epfo;thf cs;sJ. ePNuhilfSf;F mz;ikapy; cs;s ed;ikngWk; gFjpfSk; toikahf nts;sj;jhy; ghjpg;gilfpd;wd. ,e;jg;gFjpfspy; ,J xU toikahd epfo;thFk;. MdhYk; nts;skhdJ cj;Njr jpirjpUg;gypd; epkpj;jkhf cUthf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. cj;Njr ePu;j;Njf;fq;fhdit xU mstpw;F nts;sj;ijf; Fiwf;Fk;.


124

4.3 ePu;g;gk;gpaypd; khw;wq;fspd; epkpj;jkhf rhfpatpay; kPjhd jhf;fq;fs;

4.3.1 rhfpatpay; jhf;fk; eltbf;if fl;lk;

tho;tplq;fSk; jhtuq;fSk;

cj;Njrf; fhy;thapd; ngUk;ghyhd gFjpahdJ (76 km ,y; fpl;lj;jl;l 65 km)

tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;> ney;tay;fs;> tptrha kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l epyq;fs; Nghd;w kdpjdhy; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l tho;tplq;fs; Clhf gazpf;fpwJ. ,e;j tho;tplq;fspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l capupd tiffspd; Nru;f;ifahdJ mt;tz;zkhd kdpjdhy; nra;ag;gl;l tho;tplq;fspy; nghJthff; fhzg;gLk; nghJthd capupd tiffshy; Mjpf;fk; nra;ag;gl;ljhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j capupd tiffshdit ,e;j khw;wq;fSf;F ,iaghf;fk; mile;Jnfhs;Sk; causthd jd;ikiaf; fhl;LtJld; mjd; epkpj;jkhf cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ngUksT ghjpg;gilakhl;lhJ.

kpfTk; mjpfk; kdpjdhy; jpUj;jk; nra;ag;gl;l tho;tplq;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf ,e;j kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshdit Gjw;fhLfs;> tul;rp fyg;G gRikf;fhLfs;> tsk; Fd;wpa cyu; fyg;G gRikf; fhLfs;> tsk; Fd;wpa Njf;Fj; Njhl;lq;fs;> Mw;wq;fiuf; fhLfs; Nghd;w gy ,aw;if tho;tplq;fs; epiwe;jdthf khWk;. ,e;j ,uz;L ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspdJk; ,t;thW fhLfs; epiwe;JNghtjd; nkhj;jg; gug;G fpl;lj;jl;l 342 n`f;NlauhFk;. Gjpa nrd;wilaf;$ba tPjpfs; mikf;fg;glhJ vd;gJld; [Pg; kw;Wk; tz;by;fSf;fhf jw;NghJ ruzhyaj;jpw;F fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Ug;gitfs; ,e;j ,lq;fis nrd;wiltjw;F gad;gLj;jf;$Lk;. ,e;jg; ghijfshdit ,g;nghOJk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. kdpjdhy; cz;lhf;fg;gl;l tho;tplq;fSld; vjpu;nfhs;sg;gLtjw;F NtWgl;ldthf ,t;tho;tplq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; tskhd jhtu $l;Lf;F Mjuthf cs;sd. ,e;j tho;tplq;fspy; cs;s ,e;j capupdq;fspd; tsk;kpF jd;ikahdJ xg;gPl;lstpy; causthf ,Ug;gJld; kdpjdhy; nra;ag;gl;l tho;tplq;fspy; ,Ue;J ,t; capupdq;fspd; $l;L NtWgl;ljhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,aw;if tho;tplq;fspy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; gpujhd jhf;fkhf ,Ug;gJ tho;tplq;fs; rPuope;JNghjy;> cile;JNghjy;> tho;tplq;fis ,oj;jy; vd;gd mlq;Ffpd;wd. ve;j kpUfk; my;yJ jhtu tiff;Nfh fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; tho;tplk; nkhj;jkhf mope;JNghf khl;lhJ. ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; ePupd; msT epu;khzq;fspd; gpw;ghL mjpfupg;gJld; cyu; gUt fhyq;fspd;nghOJ kpUfq;fSf;F ePUk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Ug;gjhdJ xU ed;ikfukhd jhf;fkhf ,Ug;gJld; mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf ruzhyaq;fSf;F Nkyhfg; gazk; nra;Ak; fhy;thapYs;s ePuhdJ kpUfq;fSf;F fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk; ePu;g;ghj;jpfSk; mjpfupg;gJld; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;F mz;ikapy; cs;s gFjpfspy; ePu; Njq;FtjhdJ jhtu tsu;r;rpf;F ed;ikahd fhuzpahf mikAk;. cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; capupd tiffspd; ngUk;ghd;ikahdit #o cs;s gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLtJld; mjd; epkpj;jkhf jhf;fj;jpd; msitAk; njhifiaAk; ghu;f;Fk;nghOJ xl;Lnkhj;j jhf;fkhdJ fzprkhd xd;W md;wy;y. fUj;J Ma;tpd;nghOJ nrhw;gkhd mg;gFjpf;Nf kl;;Lk; cupj;jhd mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shFk; capupd tiffs; ,dk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jpNy 10 mNjaplj;Jf;FupaitfSk; xU

Mgj;Jf;F cupj;jhd jhtu tifAk; cs;slq;FfpwJ (Diospyros ebenum- Kaluwara).

cyu;tya tho;tplq;fspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l rhjhuz ghzpahf ,J cs;sJld; ,J gy;tifj;jd;ikiag; nghWj;jstpy; tskhdjhfTk; MdhYk; mNjaplj;jpw;Fupaitfs; mr;RWj;jyhd capupd tiffspy; <utyaf;fhLfSld; xg;gpLk;nghOJ Fiwe;jsthdjhfTk; cs;sJ. jhf;fj;jpw;F cs;shFk; tyaj;jpYs;s fhLfs;

tdg;ghJfhg;G ,lq;fshf gpufldk; nra;ag;gl;ld (`fy FR (1935), gy;Nyfy FR (1896)).

`fy gy;Nyfy ruzhyaq;fshfpa ,uz;L fhl;L ghJfhg;G gFjpfis cs;slf;fpa ngUk; gFjpfshdit gpufldk; nra;ag;gl;L ,Ue;jd. mijj;jtpu NtW gpufldk; nra;ag;gl;l ,aw;if ghJfhg;G gFjpfshf gFjpfs; vJTk; ,y;iy. Njrpa G+q;fhf;fs;>


125

ahid eilghijfs;> Neubg;ghJfhg;G tyaj;jpYs;s ghJfhf;fg;gl;l <u epyq;fs; my;yJ

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Neubj; jhf;f tyaj;jpw;F kpfTk; mz;kpj;jjhd gFjpfs;.

tpyq;fpdq;fs; kPjhd jhf;fq;fs;

cj;Njr NWP fhy;thahdJ gpujhdkhf ney; tay;fs;> gapu; nra;ag;gl;l fhzpfs;> tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs; iftplg;gl;l epyq;fs; Nghd;w kdpjdhy; jpUj;jg;gl;l tho;tplq;fs; Clhf gpujhdkhfg; gazpf;fpwJ. `fy gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;Jld; fl;lg;gLk; cj;Njr

kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; fpUy Fsq;fspd; ePskhfpa 1.4 km ePskhd jtpu;e;jitfs; ,t;thW cs;sd. Fsq;fshdit fhLfs;> Gju;f;fhLfs;> Njf;F elg;gl;l ,lq;fs; vd;gtw;iw `fy gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs; epiwe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j xt;nthU

tho;tplq;fSk; NWP fhy;tha; mikf;fg;gltpUf;Fk; kdpjdhy; nra;ag;gltpUf;Fk; tho;tplq;fSld; fhzg;gLtij tpl NtWgl;l tpyq;fpd jhtu ,d $l;bdhy; ,itfs; xt;nthd;Wk; tho;tplq;fs; Mjutspf;fg;gLk;. `fy gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shf tskhff; fhzg;gLk; capupd tiffshdit xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; mjpfkhf ,Ug;gJld; NkYk; ,e;j capupd tiffspd; $l;lhdJ kdpjdhy; nra;ag;gl;l tho;tplq;fspy; ,Ue;J NtWgl;bUe;jJ. ,t;tz;zkhf ,uz;L Fsq;fspd; epkpj;jkhd Rw;whly; jhf;fkhdJ kpfg; ngupjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,t;tz;zkhf nraw;glf;$ba kpfg; gpujhdkhd vjpu;kiwj; jhf;fq;fspy; cs;slq;Ftdthf tho;tplq;fs; ,of;fg;gLjy; mj;Jld; kpUfq;fSf;fhd eilghijfs; milgLjy;> tpNrlkhf Mrpa ahid> JUtf;fub mr;RWj;jYf;Fk; cs;shd kw;Wk; mNjaplj;jpw;Fupadthd Cu;tdq;fs;> gwitfs;> tz;zj;Jg;G+r;rpfs; Nghd;w ftu;r;rpkpF capupd tiffspd; ghijfs; milgLtJ vd;gjhFk;.

mNefkhf ,e;j jhf;fq;fshdit cupa tbtikg;gpd; ClhfTk; rpwe;j Rw;whly; gof;fq;fis gpd;gw;Wtjd; %ykhfTk; jzpf;fg;glf;$bad. (mLj;j mj;jpahj;ijg; ghu;f;Ff) MfNt Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lj;jpy; tpgupf;fg;gl;l Vw;ghLfshdit fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;F mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xg;ge;j

MtzkhdJ EMP apy; ,dk;fhzg;gl;l Rw;whly; jhf;fj;jzpg;G Vw;ghLfspd; Njitg;ghLfis cs;slf;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,w;iwtiu Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gy tprhuizfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ngupa Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fshdit

gpd;tUkhW ,dk;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. :

tho;tplq;fs; ,of;fg;gLjy;> cilf;fg;gLjy; khWjypd; epkpj;jkhf jiuapy; cs;s

tpyq;fpdq;fs; jhtu ,dq;fs; kPjhd jhf;fk;:

eltbf;iff; fl;lk;

kfh fpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fq;fis ,izf;Fk; ,izg;G fhy;thapd; epkpj;jkhf `fy gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpd; tho;tpl Kwpg;gpid ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lk; tpistpf;Fk;. vt;thwhapDk; ,e;j ,izg;Gf;fhy;tha; MdJ `fy gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shf mikf;fg;gLk; ,e;jf; fhy;thahdJ xU kz; fhy;thahf ,Ug;gJld; rPnke;jpdhy; miz fl;lg;glhky; ,aw;if Xilahf tbtikf;fg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; ,e;jf; fhy;thahdJ gUtfhyg;gFjpapy; cyutplTk; gLfpwJ. ePuhdJ kfh fpUy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; gw;whf;Fiwahf ,Uf;Fk;nghOJ khj;jpuNk ,e;jf; fhy;tha; Clhf ePu; toq;fg;gLk;. MfNt fhy;thapy; ePu; ghAk;nghOjhd fhyq;fspy; khj;jpuNk ,e;j gpuNjrj;ij cilj;jy; vd;w jhf;fk; nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,t;tz;zkhf cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lk; MdJ ,aw;if tho;tplq;fs; kPJ fzprkhd xU cilg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; xU jhf;fkhf ,Uf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. kfh fpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;fpilapyhd ,e;j ,izg;Gf;fhy;tha; MdJ xU jiutopahd

kz;zhyhd fhy;thahFk;. ,jd; ePsj;jpd; fpl;lj;jl;l 50% MdJ ntl;b %Lk; cWjpahf ,Ug;gJld; kpUfq;fspd; elkhl;lkhdJ ,e;jg; gFjpfspy; ghjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.

mj;Jld;; ,e;j ePsj;jpd; NkYk; 7.5% MdJ ,aw;if fhy;thahf cs;sJ. kpFjpahd

42.5% MdJ jpwe;j kz; gpupthf ,Ug;gJld; kpUfq;fs; flg;gjw;F kpUfq;fspd;e efu;it trjpg;gLj;Jtw;fhf cupajhf ,lq;fs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. (cU 5-2) MfNt fUj;jpl;lj;pd;


126

epkpj;jkhf vOk; xNunahU Kf;fpakhd jhf;fkhf ,Ug;gJ ,uz;L Fsq;fspd; epWTif epkpj;jkhf tho;tplq;fs; (mz;zsthf 342 n`f;Nlau;) ,ow;fg;gLjhFk;. ,e;jf; fhl;L tho;tplq;fshtd ,e;j tho;tplq;fspy; tjpT nra;ag;gl;l capupd tiffspdhy; rhd;Wg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ Nghy ,e;jf; fhl;L tho;tplq;fshdit Kf;fpakhd gy;tifj;jd;ik capupdq;fs; cs;s ,lkhFk;.

,e;j tho;tplq;fshdit ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshf epue;jukhf khw;wg;gLtjd; tpisthf jhf;fkhdJ tpistpy; khw;wg;gl Kbahjjhf cs;sJ. ,e;j gFjpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; jiutho; capupd tif jkJ tho;tplq;fis ,of;Fk;. jiutho; capupdq;fspd; $l;lhdJ ,e;j epiwe;j gFjpapy; xU ePu;tho; capupdq;fspd; $l;lhf khw;wg;gLk;. NkYk; epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ jhtu %Lgapu;fis mfw;WtJk; cs;s fl;blq;fis mfw;WtJk; kpUfq;fspd; Cl;ly;> cwq;fy;> guk;gYf;Fupa tho;tplq;fis ,of;fr; nra;Ak;. ,t;tz;zkhf ,aw;if kw;Wk; kdpjd; cz;lhf;fpa jiutho; capupdq;fs; thOk; tho;tplq;fshdit cj;Njr ePu;j;Njf;fg;gFjpapdhy; tho;tpl epkpj;jkhf fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; fLikahf ghjpg;gilAk;. vt;thwhapDk; ,Uf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;

tho;tplq;fspy; 2% f;Fk; Fiwe;j gFjpapy; ,j;jhf;fg;gFjpahf cs;sJ. MfNt fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhd tho;tpl ,og;ghdJ Kf;fpakhdJ my;y. ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ xU ePsf;fhy;tha; epu;khzpg;ig vjpu;ghu;j;J epw;gjhy; vof;$ba kw;nwhU jhf;fkhf ,Ug;gJ tho;tplq;fs; cilf;fg;gLjy; MFk;. tpNrlkhf Fiwe;j efu; jpwd; cila kpUfq;fspd; tho;tplq;fs; cilf;fg;gLjyhFk;. NkYk; rPnke;Jf; fl;Lf;fshy; mikf;fg;gLk; ,g;gFjpfspy; ,jd; tpisthf ,k; kpUfq;fs; fhy;tha;fSs; tpOe;JtplNth fhaj;jpw;F cl;glNth KbAk;.

fhl;L ghJfhg;G gFjpfs; kPjhd jhf;fk;:

cj;Njr ,U Fsq;fSk; `fy – gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;F cs;shf tUtjd;

epkpj;jkhf ,e;jg; gFjpfs; nts;sj;jpy; %o;Fk;. ruzhyakhdJ 21690 n`f;Nlau; nkhj;j ,lg;gFjpia cs;slf;fpapUf;fpwJ. ,e;jr; nraw;ghlhdJ rpy fhLfs;> Gju;

fhLfs;> Njf;F elg;gl;l ,lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpid ,of;fr; nra;Ak;. NkYk; NWP fhy;thapd; ,Wjpg;gFjpahdJ cj;Njr fhl;Lg; ghJfhg;G gFjpahfpa fyfpupaf;fe;j Fd;Wfisr; #o;e;J gazpf;fpd;wJ. mjd; epkpj;jkhf fhl;Lg;ghJfhg;G tyaj;jpd; kPJ ve;jtpj Kf;fpakhd jhf;fq;fisAk; Vw;gLj;jhJ.

4.3.2 tpyq;Ffs; mz;ikapYs;s tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; kw;Wk; tdtpyq;F Gyk;ngau;T kPjhd

jhf;fk;:

epu;khzpg;Gf;fl;lk;

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Neubj; jhf;f tyaj;jpy; cs;s xNunahU tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;G ,lk; `fy gy;Nyfy ruzhayakhFk;. ,ijj;jtpu NtW ,aw;if ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs;> Njrpa G+q;fhf;fs;> ahid eilghijfs;> fhl;L ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; my;yJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;l <utyaq;fs; ,e;j fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Neubj; jhf;f tyaj;jpy; mike;jpUf;ftpy;iy. MfNt ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ `fy gy;Nyfy ruzhayaj;jpd; kPJ xU msthd

jhf;fj;ijNa Vw;gLj;Jk;.

NkYk; ,g;gFjpapy; kpUfq;fspd; efu;thdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; xU ghjf jhf;fkhf ,dk; fhzg;gl;l ,U Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fspd; epWTif epkpj;jkhf milf;fg;glf;$ba rhj;jpaj;ij nfhz;Ls;sJ. Ma;tpd;nghOJ ve;j tpNrbj;j kpUfq;fSf;fhd eilghijfSk; mtjhdpf;fg;gltpy;iy. NkYk; cj;Njr mgptpUj;jpahdJ ,q;Nf epiwe;Js;s ,g;gFjpapy; thOk; tho;tplq;fis ,of;fr; nra;Ak;. vt;thwhapDk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhd tho;tpl ,og;ghdJ ruzhyaj;jpy; fpilf;ff;$bajhf cs;s

tho;tplq;fspd; 2%,Yk; Fiwe;jjhfNt cs;sJ. MfNt ,J Kf;fpakhdJ vd;W my;y. cj;Njr mgptpUj;jpahdJ ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ KO mstpyhd toq;fYld; xU FWq;fhyg; gFjpf;Nf Ngzg;gLk;. mjd; gpd;G Fsg;gLf;ifahdJ ePu; kl;lk; tw;Wk;nghOJ Kd;Ndw;wfukhf ntspg;glf;$bajhf tplg;gl;L Fsg;gLf;if Clhf kpUf elkhl;lj;jpw;F


127

trjpg;gLj;Jk; vd;gjpdhy; mjd; njhopw;ghlhdJ kpUfq;fspd; efu;Tf;fhd epue;ju jilahf ,Uf;fkhl;lhJ. ,e;jg;gFjpahdJ %lg;gLtJld; 9 tpNlr Kf;fpa ,g;gFjpapy; thOk; Gyk;ngau; gwitfshYk; tpNrlkhf Mw;Nwhuf;fhLfs; kw;Wk; Vida fhL tho;tplq;fshYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. MfNt ,f; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ,e;j Gyk;ngau; gwitfs; mJ tho;tpl ,og;igAk; tpistpf;Fk;. fUj;jpl;l gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l ve;j Gyk;ngau; gwitAk; ,e;j ,lj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; xJf;fg;gl;lit my;y. NkYk; vy;yhg; Gyk;ngau; capupdq;fSk; ,yq;ifapy; gue;j guk;gyhf ,Ug;gij mtjhdpg;Gfs; fhl;Lfpd;wd. MfNt ,e;j capupd tiffSf;fhd tho;tpl ,og;ghdJ xU fzprkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjy;y.

ePu; rkdpiyapy; khw;wq;fspd; epkpj;jkhf <yepyq;fs; kPjhd jhf;fk;:

eltbf;if jpl;lk;

cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ <uepyq;fs; kPJ Kf;fpakhd ghjfkhd jhf;fj;ijf; nfhz;buhJ. cz;ikapy; ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ <utyaq;fspy; ePu;epiyfis ,uz;L Fsq;fs; kfhfpj;Jy kfhfpUy kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fs; vd;gtw;wpid cUthf;FtjpidNa tpistpf;Fk;. MfNt ePu;tho; capupdq;fs; kw;Wk; ePu;tho; $l;Lr; Nru;gitfs; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; nfhz;Ltug;gLk; ePupypUe;J ed;ikailtJld; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; thOk; ePu; capupdq;fs; kw;Wk; ePUld; ,ize;jitfs; ed;ikailag; Nghfpd;wd.

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf me;epa capupd tiffspd; mwpKfk;:

epu;khzf; fl;lk;

jw;NghJ khj;jpuk; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; xU rpy me;epa capupd tiffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vt;thwhapDk; epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ kz;iz efu;j;Jk; ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; epu;khzg; gz;lq;fshfpa kz;> fputy;> Mfpa ,g;gFjpf;F nfhz;L tug;gLgitfs; ,g;gFjpf;F me;epakhd capupd tififis mwpKfk; nra;af;$Lk;. NkYk; ,g;gFjpahdJ epu;khzg; gz;lq;fisAk; epug;G gz;lq;fisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLtjw;fhf ,g;gFjpapd; jhtuq;fs; Rj;jk; nra;ag;gLtjhy; me;epakhd capupdq;fs; epWtg;gLtjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; cs;sd. MfNt epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ Kf;fpakhd jhtuq;fs; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gLk; epWtg;gLtjw;fhd gykhd rhjfq;fs; ,Ug;gJld; ,e;j jhtu tiffshditfs; gpd;G #o cs;s gFjpfspy; guTtjw;fhd rhj;jpaKk; cz;L.

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s mNefkhd <utyag;gFjpfspy; Vw;fdNt gy me;epakhd jhtu

tiffshfpaitfSk; mtw;Ws; gpujhdkhf Eichornia crassipes (Water hyacinth) vdg;gLtJk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mjpfupj;jstpy; ePu; fhzg;gLtjhdJ ,e;jtpjkhd me;epakhd capupdq;fs; ,g;gFjpapy; NkYk; guTtjw;fhd ,aYikia mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. mt;thwhf mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l me;epakhd capupd tiffs; ePu;topfspy; milg;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;jtjhYk; tptrhaj;jpw;F fhzpfisg; nghUj;jkw;wJ Mf;FtjhYk; ,aw;ifahd ,lq;fifspy; guTtjhYk; ,g;gFjpiar; Nru;e;j jhtu

tpyq;FfSf;F xU mr;RWj;jyhf tpsq;FtJld; fzprkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $bad..

mUikahdJk; mNjgFjpf;F cupaJkhd capupd tiffspd; jhf;fk;:

fUj;Jf; fzpg;gpd;nghOJ rpy gFjpf;Nf cupaJk;> mr;RWj;jYf;Ff;Fs;shfpaJkhd capupd tiffs; Ma;Tg; gFjpapy; ,dk; fhzg;gl;ld. ,jpNy 18 mt;tplj;jpw;NfAupa tpyq;fpdq;fSk;> 8 cyfshtpa my;yJ Njrpa mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd tpyq;F tifapdq;fSk; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. ,J gy;tifj;jd;ikiag; nghWj;jstpy; tsKilaJk;> ,g;gFjpf;Nf cupaJ my;yJ mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shfpa capupd tiffs; vd;w tifapy; <Utyaf;fhLfSld; xg;gpLk;nghOJ FiwthdJkhfpa cyu;tya tho;tplq;fspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l rhjhuz ghzpahf cs;sJ.


128

cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; cs;slq;Ftjd; epkpj;jkhf vof;$ba Vida jhf;fq;fs;:

epu;khzf; fl;lk;

fUj;jpl;l epu;khzj;jpw;fhf njhopyhsu;fis Ntiyf;F Nru;g;gjhdJ fopTfisAk;> fopT ePu;fisAk;> jpz;kf; fopTfisAk; mg;gFjpfspy; cUthf;Fk;. mt;tz;zkhd njhopyhsu;fs; ,aw;if tho;tplq;fis Ntl;ilahLjy; kuq;fis rl;lj;jpw;F khwhf ntl;b tPo;j;Jjy; ,aw;if tsq;fSf;F jPq;F ,iog;gu;. Kfhk; gFjpfshdit ,k;ghfKt> nghypgpj;jpfk tPjpf;F mz;ikahf nghypgpj;jpfk gl;bdk; kw;Wk; ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F mzpj;jhf mike;Js;sd. ,e;jg; gFjpfshdit ruzhyaj;jpw;F ntspahd gFjpfshFk;. xg;ge;jfhuu;fspd; cgfuzq;fs; itf;Fk; gFjpfSk; ,e;j ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;F mz;ikapy; mike;Js;sd. ,iur;ry; mjpu;Tfs; Mfpa mfo;jy;> ntl;ly;> epug;gy;> mOj;jy; Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; mJ njhlu;Gila epu;khz thfdq;fspd; nraw;ghLfs; Nghd;wtw;why; epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpy; vOk; ,iur;ry;> mjpu;T vd;gd fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; cs;s tho;tplq;fspd; tpyq;FfSf;F tpNrlkhf Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.

epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ jhtu %Lifia mfw;WtjhdJ kz;zupg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,J ,aw;if ePu;topfspy; mjpfupj;j gbit Vw;gLj;Jk;. NkYk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd fhzpj; jahupg;ghdJ ,aw;if ePNuhLk; ghijfspy; jilfisNah my;yJ khw;WiffisNah Vw;gLj;jp mg;gFjpapd; ePu;tbAk; tbtikjpia khw;wpaikf;Fk;. Ml;Nru;g;G nra;ag;gl;l njhopyhsu;fspd; njhopy; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ngWkhdg;gFjpf;fhd mz;ikahd rdr%f tho;tpd; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;Wf;Fk; ftdk; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

4.4 tptrhak; kPjhd jhf;fq;fs;

eltbf;if fl;lk;

cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Gjpa fhzpfs; vJTk; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLtjpy;iy. gjpyhf

Gjpa ,ilj;ju fpuhk ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; fPohd CI fs; mjpfupf;fg;gLk;. fpuhkf; Fsj;

njhFjpfSf;fhd CI MdJ 0.9 - 1.4 Mf mjpfupf;fg;gLk;. mNjNtisapy; ngupa

kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju CI fspd; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; MdJ 1.8 tiuf;Fk; mjpfupf;fg;gLk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; mKy;gLj;jYld; rhjfkhd jhf;fq;fs; ,f;fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapd; tptrhaj;JiwapYk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

ngupa ,ilj;juj; jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; fpuhk ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; ngUk;ghyhdit kw;Wk; fhzp ngUk; Jz;lq;fs; cj;Njrf; fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; jpirjpUg;gg;gl;l kfhtyp ePiug;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;td jho;epy cyu;tyak; (DL1) kw;Wk; jho;epy ,ilepiy tyak;

(miucyu;) tyak; (IL3) gFjpfspy; mike;Js;sd. fNyty gpuNjr nrayhsu;

gFjpahdJ ,ilj;ju ehl;L ,ilj;jutyak; (IM3b) apy; mike;Js;sJ. tUlhe;j

kiotPo;r;rp> epy mikg;G> cj;Njr NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpf;Fs;shd tif khjpup fhzpg;ghtid jl;ilepyk;> tifkhjpup epyg;ghtid Nghd;w Fzhk;rq;fis ml;ltiz 4.1 toq;FfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 4-1 fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapYs;s tptrha rhfpatpy; tyaq;fspd; Fzhk;rq;fs;

tptrha rhfpatpay; Fzhk;rq;fs;

fhyepiy tyak; tUlhe;j kiotPo;r;rp

(mm)* jiu kw;Wk; fhzp gad;ghL

DL1B cyu; tyak; jho;epyk; > 900

kz;iz efu;j;Jjy;;

Nkl;L epyg;gapu;fs;> ney;> Gju;fs;>


129

fye;j tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;> fhl;L epyq;fs;,

IL3 ,ilj;ju tyak;

jho;epyk; > 1,100 kz;iz efu;j;Jjy;

njd;id. ney;> fye;j tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fs;

IM3B ,ilj;ju tyak; kj;jpk epyk; > 1,200

kz;iz cUl;LjYk; efu;j;JjYk;

fye;j tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;> Vw;Wkjp tptrhag;gapu;fs;> kuf;fwp> ney;

* tUlhe;j kiotPo;r;rpapd; vjpu;ghu;g;G ngWkhdk; 75%

%yk;: ,yq;if Rw;whly; Njrg;glk; kj;jpa Rw;whly; mjpfhurig, 2005

rhjhuzkhf cyu;> ,ilj;ju tyaq;fspy; ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fshdit rpWNghfj;jpd; KbT fhyg;gFjpapy; tuz;LNghfpd;wd. tptrhapfs; mtu;fsJ ngUk;Nghfg; gapu;r;nra;iff;F cjTtjw;fhf Fs ePu; Nky;kl;lj;jpw;F tUk;nghONj mtu;fs; ngUk;Nghfg; gapu;r;nra;ifia Muk;gpf;fpd;wdu;. ngUk;Nghfj;jpy; ,ilj;ju kw;Wk; rpW ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fis ek;gp gapu; nra;ag;gLk; ney;ypd; msthdJ Fsj;jpYs;s ePupd; kl;lj;ijg; nghWj;J ,Uf;fpwJ. NkYk; ,J kiotPo;r;rpiag; nghWj;Nj cs;sJ. ,e;jf;

Fsq;fis kfhtyp ePuhy; Fsj;jpd; 30% ,aYikf;F ngUk;Nghfk; tUtjw;F Kd;djhfNt epug;GtjhdJ tptrhapfs; cupaNeuj;jpy; gapu;r;nra;ifia nra;tjw;F Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F cjTk;.

tptrhapfs; gapu;r;nra;ifia rupahd Neuj;jpy; njhlf;fpdhy; mtu;fs; fhzp jahupg;Gfis kw;Wk; G+r;rp Kfhikj;Jtk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; rk;gpujha Kiwikfisg; gad;gLj;j KbAk;. ,jd; %yk; fisnfhy;ypfs; kw;Wk; Vida G+r;rp nfhy;ypfspd; ghtidiaf; Fiwf;f KbAk;. (gapu;r;nra;if jhkjpf;fg;gLk;nghOJ tptrhapfs; FWfpa fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; fhzpiaj; jahupg;gjw;fhf fis nfhy;ypfis fLikahfg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. mj;Jld; mNefkhf Ntu;fspd; Kf;fpakhd tsu;r;rpf;fhyg;gFjpahdJ G+r;rpfspd; Gul;rpfs; kw;Wk; G+r;rrpf;nfhy;ypfis mjpfkhf mbf;fb gad;gLj;jjy; vd;gtw;Wld; xd;W Nru;e;J tUfpd;wJ. vt;thwhapDk; ,Jtiuf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l xU gapu;r;nra;iff;Fg; gjpyhf ,uz;L gapu;r;nra;ifg; Nghfq;fSld; tptrha ,urhadq;fspd; ghtidahdJ mjpfupf;ff; $Lk;.

cupa Neuj;jpw;F gapu;nra;tjhdJ tptrhapfSf;F ngUk;Nghf kioia tpidj;jpwdhd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jTk; gapu;r;nra;if nrwpit mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak; Fsj;jpd; fPohd nkhj;j mjpfupj;j ney; fhzp tp];jPuzj;jpy; tpidj;jpwdhd Kiwapy; gapuplg;glTk; nra;Ak;. cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;l ePu;g;ghrd ePu; tpepNahfkhdJ tptrha tp];jupg;G cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;F cupa Neug; gapu;r;nra;if Cf;Ftpf;fTk; Kd;Ndw;wfukhd tptrhag; gof;fq;fisAk; cau; tpisr;ry; jUk; gapupdq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jTk; tskhf;fpfs; Nghd;w ruhrup tpisit mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpr; nryitf; Fiwf;Fk; tskhf;fpfs; Nghd;w cs;sPLfis cupa Neuj;jpy; gad;gLj;jTk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l ePu;g;ghrd ePu; tpepNahfk; cjTk;.

tul;rpahy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fisj; jzpj;jy;

,yq;ifapy; ePu;> fhyepiy khw;wj;jhy; jhf;fg;gLk; jd;ik 2011- 2016 ,yq;iff;fhd Njrpa fhyepiy khw;w ,iaghf;f je;jpNuhghaj;jpw;fhd Fiwepug;G Mtzk; vd;w Mtzj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;lthwhf ePu;g;ghrdj;Jiw kw;Wk; FbePu;j;Jiwapd; jhf;Fjy; jd;ikahdJ jPtpy; tul;rp guTtJld; njhlu:; ila xU jhf;Fjy; gytPdj;jd;ikahf cs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; cyu;tyaj;jpy; mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jpAk; tpNrlkhf ,ilj;ju tyaq;fspYk; tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; %d;W MWfspd; tbepyq;fs; kw;Wk; Nky; ePNue;Jg;gFjpfs; cl;gl cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lkhdJ kfhtyp ePiu tlNky; khfhzj;jpw;F mDg;GtjhdJ tptrha cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; FbePu; kw;Wk; tul;rpapd; jhf;fj;ij jzpg;gjw;fhd

Kf;fpa tfpgq;if Mw;WfpwJ.


130

cau;epyg;gapu;r;nra;if (Nrid)

rpWNghfj;jpd;nghOJ tptrhapfs; Ntu;g;gapu;fshfpa gPw;W}l;> nub\;> ,iy kuf;fwpfs;> Nrhdk;> kpsfha; Nghd;w Ntu;g;gapu;fis Ez; ePu;;g;ghrd Kiwikfshfpa nrhl;LePu; ePu;g;ghrdk;> cau; epyq;fspy; njspj;jy; ePu;g;ghrdk; vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp gapu; nra;fpd;wdu;. cyu; gUtfhyk; njhlUk;nghOJ Mok; Fiwe;j ntl;lg;gl;l fpzWfspy; ePu; tw;wptpLtJld; XilfSk; tuz;L tpLfpd;wd. gap;u;fSf;F tptrhak; nra;tjpy; tptrhapfs; rpukq;fis vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,J gapu; tpisitf; Fiwg;gJld; tpisTj; juj;jpidAk; Fiwf;fpd;wJ. ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; ePiu Nrkpg;gjhdJ ePu;g;ghrd ePu; ghJfhg;Gld; rpWNghfg; gapu;fis gapu;nra;tjw;F trjpaspf;Fk; mt;thwhd eP;u;r;Nrkpg;ghdJ #o cs;s gFjpfspy; epy ePu; ghj;jpfis Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;Fk; ,l;Lr;nry;yf;$Lk;.

xOfpr;nry;Yk; ePuhdJ epahakhd Moj;jpy; epy Nkw;gug;Gf;F mz;ikahf cyu;e;j gUtfhyj;jpd;nghOJ epy ePu; ghj;jpfis NgZtjw;F cjTtjhdJ xU rhjfkhd ghjfkhFk;. ,t;tz;zk; tptrhapfs; tpidj;jpwDld; nray;tpisTlDk; gapu;nra;tjw;F epy ePupidg; gad;gLj;jf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,jd; %yk; tpisitAk; gapu;r;nra;if nrwpitAk; Kd;Ndw;wf;$bajhfTk; cs;sJ. Mokw;w ntl;lg;gl;l fpzWfspy; ,Ue;Jk; mz;ikahf cs;s ePNuhilfspy; ,Ue;Jk; ePiug;gad;gLj;JtjhYk; nrhl;LePu;g;ghrdk;> njspj;jy; ePu;g;ghrdk; Nghd;w Kd;Ndw;wfukhd ePu;g;ghrd Kiwikfisg; gad;gLj;JtjhYk; gPw;W}l;> ub\;> gr;irkpsfha;> Nghd;w FWq;fhy 40-60 ehs; gapu;fis

cau;tUkhdj;ij cUthf;Fk; 3 – 4 gapu;fis gapupLtJ rhj;jpakhdjhf cs;sJ. .

gz;iz tPLfspd; mgptpUj;jp

cyu; tyaj;jpd; NtW tyaq;fpy; Nghd;w fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; cs;s kf;fSk; jkJ gz;iz tPLfis cyu;fhyg;gFjpapy; mtw;iwg; NgZtjpy; cs;s rpukj;jpd; epkpj;jk; iftpl;Ls;sdu;. ghuk;gupa uPjpahf gz;iz tPLfshdit cyu; kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju tyaq;fspy; fpuhkf; Fsq;fSf;F mz;ikahf mike;jpUf;Fk;. mjdhy; kf;fs; jkJ ehshe;j nraw;ghLfSf;F Fs ePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ rpukkhf ,Ue;jJ. gz;iz tPLfshdit mNefkhf njd;id> kh> kuKe;jpupif> gyh> Gsp> Ntk;G Nghd;w gz;iz tPl;Lf;F epoy; mspf;Fk; kw;Wk; thil> Njhil> Njrp> Nghd;w miu ePz;lfhyg; gapu;fs; gz;iz tPLfis mNefkhf %b cs;sd. ,e;j kuq;fspd; tsu;r;rpAk; tpisTk; ePupd;ikahy; rpWNghfj;jpd;nghOJ ghjpg;gilfpwJ.

ngUk;Nghfk;> rpWNghfk; ,uz;bYk; Fsq;fspy; cs;s ePu;r;Nrkpg;gpd; epkpj;jkhf Mz;L G+uhfTk; xU fzprkhd msT epy ePu; msTg; ghj;jpfisg; NgZtjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;ff;$bajhf ,Ug;gjhdJ gz;iz tPLfspYk; cau; tpisTfSld; ePz;lfhyg; gog;gapu;fis tsu;g;gjw;F cjTk;. epy ePu; kPjhd jpirjpUg;G ePupd; jhf;fkhdJ fhy;tha;fs; kw;Wk; ney;tay;fis mz;kpj;j gFjpfSf;F khj;jpuk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhf cs;sJ. gz;iz tPLfs; $l Mok; Fiwe;j Njhz;lg;gl;l fpzWfisAk; nrhl;L ePu;g;ghrdk; njspj;jy; kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrdk; Nghd;w Ez; ePu;g;ghrd KiwikfisAk; gad;gLj;jp cau; ngWkhd ngWkjpg;gapu;fis mjPjkhf gapu;nra;tjw;F nghWg;ngLf;f KbAk;.

Ntiytha;g;G re;ju;g;gq;fs;

ePu; gw;whf;Fiwapd; jd;ik fLikahd gpur;rpid epyTk; tlNky; khfhzj;jpYs;s ,ilj;ju kw;Wk; rpwpa Fsq;fSf;F kfhtyp ePiu jpirjpUg;Gtjd; %yk; fpilf;fg;glf;$ba r%f ed;ikahFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ mbg;gilapy; gapu;r;nra;if nrwpit mjpfupg;gij Nehf;fpAk;> tptrha cw;gj;jpia ngUk; Nghfj;jpy; nkhj;j epyg;gug;gpy; gapu; nra;tjw;F> jpir jpUg;gg;gl;l ePiu toq;Ftjdhy; tptrha Fsq;fspd; fPo; tptrha cw;gj;jpia mjpfupg;gijAk; Nehf;fpAs;sJ. ,J tptrha njhopyhsu;fSf;F mjpf Ntiytha;g;ig cUthf;FtJld; mjd; %yk; mtu;fsJ tUkhdk; mjpfupg;gJld; mtu;fsJ tho;f;ifj;juKk; caUk;. Kfhtyp ePupd; jpirjpUg;gj;Jld; rpwpa kw;Wk; ,ilj;ju fpuhkf; Fsq;fSf;F ePu; fpilg;gjhdJ ed;dPu; kPd; cw;gj;jpf;F mjpfk; epue;jukhfpwJ. ,J kPd;gpbia


131

mjpfupf;f ,l;Lr;nry;tJld;> Fiwe;j nrytpy; rdr%fj;jpdUf;F Gujj;ij toq;FtJld; Ntiytha;g;G re;ju;g;gq;fisAk; mjpfupf;fpwJ.

4.5 ,lkhw;wk; kw;Wk; kPs; FbNaw;wj;jpd; kPjhd jhf;fq;fs;

kdpj tho;tplq;fs; ghjpg;giljy;> rdr%fq;fs; ,lk;ngau;jy; kPjhd jfty;fs;

ghjpf;fg;gl;l Ml;fSf;fhd el;l<L tpguq;fSldhd xU kPs; FbNaw;wj; jpl;lkhdJ ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

,Ugj;jpuz;L (22) FLk;gq;fspNy ,UgJ tPLfs; (20) Neubahfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy; xd;W khj;jpuk; ,lk;khj;jpuk; Ntz;bNaw;gl;lJ. kpf Neubahf ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fs; jkJ jw;Nghija tho;tplq;fspypUe;J kpfTk; J}uj;jpy; kPs; FbNaw kWg;Gj; njuptpj;jd. cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpg;gilAk; rdr%fj;jpdu; fpl;lj;jl;l 40 tUlq;fs; mg;gFjpapy; tho;e;J tUtJld; r%f> nghUshjhu ];jpuj;jd;ikapy; jkJ jw;Nghija epiyikia <l;bf;nfhs;tjw;F gy;NtW tifapy; jpahfq;fis nra;Js;sdu;. jkJ nrhe;j ,lq;fspypUe;J ,k; kf;fis me;epag;gLj;JtjhdJ mtu;fs; Kd;Nd mDgtpj;j gy r%f nghUshjhu ed;ikfis ,of;fr; nra;Ak; mt;thwhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mtu;fsJ fhzpapy; xU gFjp khj;jpuNk fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLtJld; ghjpf;fg;gl;l Ml;fs; fhzpapy; kpFjpahf cs;s gFjpfs; xU Gjpa tPl;ilf; fl;bnfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ml;ltiz 4-2 tPLfs; kw;Wk; Vida fl;blq;fspd; xJf;fPLfisf; fhl;LfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 4-2 ghjpf;fg;gl;l tPLfs; kw;Wk; Njhl;lg;gFjpfspd; jfty;

GND tPLfspd; jhf;fk; tjptpl fhzpfspd; jhf;fk;

KOikahf gFjpahf KOikahf gFjpahf

nydNlhuh tlf;F 2 2

vjnkd;bNtt 4 4

ntykpw;wpaht 4 4

g`ygk;gt 1 1

ud;ntbaht 2 2

g`ygk;gt 2 2

nfh];nghl;l 2 2

nfhd;Ntt 3 3

nkhj;jk; 20 20

%yk;: kPs;FbNaw;wf; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G, NWPC fUj;jpl;lk; 2014

ml;ltiz 4-3 ghjpf;fg;gl;l tjpNthupd; fhzpfs;

ghjpf;fg;gl;l fhzpfs; - tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupd; tho;tplf; fhzpfs; (cau; epyk; kw;Wk; new;fhzpfs;)

ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjp Neubahf Rtu;zG+kp [aG+kp jk;Gs;is gk;gt

A R P A R P A R P A R P A R P

cau;epyq;fs;

nyndlhuh tlf;F 2 2

vjnkd;bNtt 1 20 2 20

ntykpw;wpaht 1

ld;Laha 20


132

ud;ntbaht 30

g`ygk;gt

nfh];nghl;l 25

nfhd;Ntt 2 10

ney; epyq;fs;

ney;> vj;jk;gz;LENtt 2

1 1 35 1 2 30 2 0 20

%yk; : kPs;FbNaw;wf; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G, NWPC fUj;jpl;lk; 2014

nrhj;Jg; ngWkhdq;fs; kPjhd jhf;fq;fs;

22 FLk;gq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd ,UgJ (20) tPLfs; XusT gFjpahfg; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; KOikahfg; ghjpf;fg;gLk; ve;j tPLfSk; ,y;iy. mNefkhd FLk;gq;fs; kPs;FbNaw;wj;jpw;fhd fhzp cl;gl nghUj;jkhd el;l<l;Lg; nghjp fpilf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; gFjpia tpl;Lr; nry;tjw;F jkJ ,zf;fj;ij njuptpj;Js;sdu;.

ml;ltiz 4-4 ghjpf;fg;gl;l fl;likg;Gf;fs; (tPLfs;>) kw;Wk; tjptpl Jz;Lfs;

GND

ghjpf;fg;gl;l tpLfs;

tjptplj; Jz;LfSf;fhd ghjpg;G

KOikahf gFjpahf

jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ

KOikahf gFjpahf

nyndnlhuh tlf;F 02 02

vjnkd;bNtt 04 04

ntykpw;wpaht 04 04

ld;Laha 01 01

ud;ntbaht 02 02

g`ygk;gt 02 02

nfh];nghl;l 02 02

nfhd;Ntt 03 03

nkhj;jk; 20 20

%yk;: kPs;FbNaw;wf; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G, NWPC fUj;jpl;lk; 2014

ghjpf;fg;gl;l fl;likg;Gf;fs; Fwpj;J guprPypf;Fk;nghOJ ,Ugj;jpuz;L (22) FLk;gq;fs; jkJ nrhe;jf; fhzpapd; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gFjpia ,oe;J tpLtu;. 17 fl;blq;fspy; 13 epue;jukhditahfTk;> 2 miu epue;jukhditahfTk;> 2 jw;fhypfkhditahfTk; cs;sd. jkJ tPLfis> tjptplq;fis ,of;Fk; FLk;gq;fspd; nkhj;j rdj;njhif 22 MFk;.

ml;ltiz 4-5 ghjpf;fg;gl;l fl;blq;fspd; epiyik

epiyik ,y:

epue;juk; 18 miu epue;juk; 02

jw;fhypfk; 02 nkhj;jk; 17

%yk;: kPs;FbNaw;wf; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G NWPC fUj;jpl;lk; 2014


133

Ml;fspy; vtUk; Gjpa el;l<L toq;fg;gbd; jkJ tPl;ilAk; Vida efu;j;j Kbahj nrhj;Jf;fisAk; tpl;Lr; nry;tjw;F tpUg;gkw;W ,Uf;ftpy;iy. fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;glhj jkJ fhzpapd; Vida gFjpapy; jhk; ,Ue;J nfhs;tjw;fhd tpUg;gj;ijAk; mtu;fs; njuptpj;Js;sdu;. cj;Njrf; fhy;thapd; epkpj;jkhf mg;gFjpapy; cs;s kuq;fspd; tpguq;fs; fhy;thapd; epu;khzj;jpd; tpisthf ghjpf;fg;gl;l kuq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ

ml;ltiz 4-6 ghjpf;fg;gl;l kuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if (ePz;lfhy kw;Wk; ,ilf;fhyk;)

GND njd;id Njf;F fKF gyh fy;kpyh kh

<ug;gyh Ntk;G

kuKe;jpupif

nyndnlhuh tlf;F 25 04 04 03 02 vjnkd;bNtt 68 20 20 06 02 ntykpw;wpaht 86 16 13 08 01 08

ld;Laha 08 03 01 01

ud;ntbaht 09 08 04

g`ygk;gt 16 28 06 07 07

nfh];nghl;l 08 02 02 03

nfhd;Ntt 10 03 10 06 10 02

nkhj;jk; 230 73 34 35 13 33 02 10 10

GND YZkpj

y

n`l;lfy gg;ghrp kpsF thio

Njhil Njrp

khJis nfha;ah

nyndnlhuh tlf;F - vjnkd;bNtt 2 25 40 ntykpw;wpaht 20 06 02 03

ld;Laha

ud;ntbaht 10

g`ygk;gt 02 08 20 01 04

nfh];nghl;l

04

01

nfhd;Ntt

50

nkhj;jk; 02 33 144 06 04 03 04

%yk;: kPs;FbNaw;w fUj;Jf;fzpg;G ,NWPC fUj;jpl;lk; 3102

Nkw;gb ml;ltizia gFg;gha;T nra;Ak;nghOJ gy vz;zpf;ifahd kuq;fs; fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpahfpa cj;Njr ePskhd tha;f;fhy; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J mfw;wg;gl Ntz;ba NjitAs;sJ vd;gJld; mtw;Wf;fhf el;l<LfSk; Ntz;lg;gLfpwJ vd;gijf; fhz

KbAk;..

4.5.1 ,lk;ngaUk; rdr%fj;jpd; tho;f;if Kiwapyhd khw;wq;fSk; gpd;dilTfSk; fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpapy; cs;Nshupd; tho;f;if Kiw ghuk;gupakhf tptrhaj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. mtu;fsJ tho;f;ifKiw fyhrhuk; vd;gd tptrhaj;Jld; gpd;dpg;gpize;Js;sJ ,e;j tho;f;ifKiwapd; mbg;gilf;nfhs;if Ml;fspd; $l;L NtiyahFk;. mtu;fsJ NtiyahdJ xUtUf;nfhUtu; cjtp nra;jy;> (mj;Njfk)


134

xUtUf;F xUtu; Nritahw;Wjy;> tpUg;gq;fisg; gupkhw;wpf; nfhs;Sjy; vd;w nfhs;iffis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ld. ,e;jg; gpd;Gyj;jpy; ePz;lfhy maytu;fs; ed;zgu;fsplkpUe;J Ml;fs; tpyfp kPs;FbNaWtjhdJ gpupTf;F ,l;Lr;nry;tJld; r%f nghUshjhu rpukq;fSf;F ,l;Lr;nry;yf;$baJ. vt;thwhapDk; ,e;j epiyikahdJ mtu;fis ,lk;khw;w Ntz;ba Njit ,y;yhikapd; epkpj;jk; vokhl;lhJ.

4.5.2 tjpgtu;fSf;Fk; ,lk;;ngau;gtu;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Kuz;ghLfs;

fle;j fhy mDgtq;fspd; gpufhuk; cj;Njr kPs; FbNaw;wg;gFjpapd; jw;Nghija tjpthsu;fs; jkJ fpuhkq;fspy; Gyk;ngau;gtu;fshf ntspapl Ml;fis me;epau;fshf Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; vz;zj;ij tuNtw;gjpy;iy. mtu;fs; gy;NtW topfspy; jkJ vjpu;g;ig ntspg;gLj;JtJld; ,g;Nghf;if tpku;rdk; nra;tu;. ,J ,uz;L jug;gpduJk; Kuz;ghl;Lf;F ,l;Lr;nry;Yk;. ,e;j epiyikahdJ Ke;jpa kPs;FbNaw;wf; fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; mDgtpf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ. Nkw;gb fhuzq;fisf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; mjp gFjpfis ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fis ,lk;khw;Wtjw;F Kaw;rp vLf;fg;gLk;. ve;jtpj Kuz;ghLfSk; vokhl;lhJ.

4.5.3 kf;fspd; tUkhdk; <l;Lk; Kiwikfspd; jhf;fk;

jdpahu; nrhj;jpy; ,Ue;J xU rpwpa fhzpg;gFjp (5 Vf;fu;fs;) ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; vd;gJld; ,J ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; kPNjh my;yJ mtu;fspd; ngUk; tho;thjhuj;jpd; kPNjh fzprkhd jhf;fk; vjidAk; Vw;gLjjkhl;lhJ. mtu;fs; fUj;jpl;;lj;jhy; Nghjpa ePu;g;ghrd ePiu jkJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij ngWtjpdhy; ed;ik ngWthu;fs;. mtu;fs; fhl;L tpyq;FfshYk; mtu;fSf;F gapu;fSf;F Fiwe;j jPq;ifNa vjpu;ghu;g;ghu;fs;. mj;Jld; jkJ Fiwe;j tho;thjhuj;ijAk; tho;f;if epiyikfisAk; cau;j;jpf; nfhs;thu;fs;.

4.5.4 ,g;gFjpapYs;s fhzpg;ghtid ghzp kPjhd jhf;fq;fs;

cj;Njr fhy;thahdJ 5 gpuNjr nrayfg;gpupTfspd; 41 fpuhkq;fs; Clhf gazk; nra;fpd;wnghOjpYk; ,J 30 kPw;wu; mfy Jz;ilNa fhy;tha; topahf (kj;jpa Nfhl;bypUe;J ,uz;L gf;fq;fspYk; 10 kPw;wu;;) Ntz;b epw;fpwJ. 5 Vf;fu;fs; cau;epyk;

kw;Wk; 0.5 Vf;fu;fs; new;fhzp jtpu Vida vy;yhf; fhzpfSk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l fhLfshFk;. MfNt cj;Njr fhy;tha; epu;khzpg;Gld; fhzpg;ghtid kPJ ve;jtpjkhd fzprkhd jhf;fq;fSk; Vw;glhJ. ntWkNd 30 kPw;wu; mfyf;fhzp ePsj;Jz;L khj;jpuNk ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLtJld; nrhe;jf;fhuu;fSf;F Njitg;gLkhW mtu;fspd; kpFjpahd Jz;Lfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F Rje;jpuk; cilNahuha; ,Ug;gu;. cj;Njrf; fhy;thahdJ fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s tptrhapfSf;F cj;Njrf; fhy;thahdJ rpwpa Fsq;fspd; kPjhd jkJ fhzpfspy; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; tptrhapfs; gapu;nra;tjw;F rpwpa Fsq;fSf;F ePiu tpepNahfk; nra;tjpdhy; ngUk;Nghfk; rpWNghfk; Nghd;w ,U Nghfq;fspd;nghOJk; ePu;g;ghrd ed;ikiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tu;. fpuhkf; Fsq;fspd; gapuply; mlu;j;jpahdJ

jw;Nghija kl;lkhfpa 0.9 - 1.4Mf Kd;Ndw;wg;gLk;. rpwpa fhzpj;Jz;Lfspd; cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;l fhzp nrhe;jf;fhuu;fSf;F rhjfkhd jhf;fq;fshf ,itfs; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;glf;$baitahf ,Ue;jhYk; ,lk;ngau;T Gjpa FbNaWgtu;fshy; fhzpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLjy; Nghd;w Vida gy ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisAk; vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.

4.5.4.1 ,g;gFjpapy; fhzpg;ngWkjp kPjhd jhf;fk; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpf;Fs;shd (cj;Njr fhy;tha; topahd 30 kPw;wu; fhzp ePsj;Jz;L) tptrha kw;Wk; tjptpl fhzpj;Jz;Lfspd; fhzpg; ngWkjpahdJ Fiwtjw;fhd

rhj;jpaf;$W ,Ue;jnghOjpYk; cj;Njr 78 km ePskhd fhy;thahfpa ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpf;Fk; fhy;tha; gpd;jq;fpa gFjpfs; Clhfr; nrd;W mjd; topapy; rpwpa Fsq;fs; gytw;Wf;F ePiu toq;Ftjpdhy; ,jw;F mz;ikahf cs;s fhzpapd; ngWkjpahdJ fzprkhf mjpfupf;Fk;. NkYk; ,f;fhy;thahdJ 41 fpuhkq;fs;>


135

31 fpuhkNrtfu; gpupTfs; Nghd;w nghUj;jkhd ,lj;jpw;fpilapy; ,Uf;Fk; njhlu;Gfis GJg;gpg;gJld; re;ijg;gLj;jy; Clhf GJik ,izg;Gf;fSf;Fk; ,l;Lr;nry;Yk;. mj;Jld; ,e;jg;gFjpapd; fhzpg;ngWkjpAk; mjpfupj;Jf;nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;.

4.5.5 fy;tp kPjhd jhf;fk;

ghjpf;fg;gLk; gFjpapYs;s gps;isfs; jw;nghOJ gy;NtW ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; Kd;gs;spfshfpa #o cs;s gFjpfspy; fw;W tUfpd;wdu;. MdhYk; mtu;fs; mt;tplj;ij tpl;L ,lk;khw;wg;glhky; mNj ,lj;jpy; tho;tjpdhy; ,J ve;j jhf;fj;jpidAk; Vw;gLj;jhJ. mtu;fs; mNj ,g;NghjpUf;Fk; trjpfis mDgtpf;f KbAk;. cj;Njr njhlu;r;rp ,izg;Gf;fhy;thahdJ ud;tbat fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpuptpd; fg;ngw;wpaht fpuhkj;jpy; mike;Js;s K];ypk; rpWtu;fspd; ghlrhiyfspd; tpisahl;L ikjhd tpspk;Gld; nry;fpwJ. fhy;thapd; ,e;jg;gFjpahdJ Mgj;Jf;fisj; jtpu;f;f$ba Kiwapy; tbtikf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j tpishal;L ikjhdj;ij jtpu fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpf;Fs;shf mike;Js;s ve;jg; ghlrhiyfSk; ,y;iy.

4.5.6 ,lk;ngaUk; rdr%fj;jpd; Rfhjhur; Nritfs; kPjhd jhf;fk;

fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpf;Fs; ve;jtpj Rfhjhuf; ftd epiyaq;fSk; mike;jpuhikapd; epkpj;jkhf ,jd; tpisthd jhf;fq;fs; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. vt;thwhapDk; ,lk;ngaUk; rdr%fkhdJ jw;NghJ thOk; gFjpapy; ngWtJ Nghd;w Rfhjhu Nritfis ve;j ,ilaPLk; ,d;wp njhlu;e;Jk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;JtkhdJ Gjpa #oYf;F mtu;fs; ,iaghf;fk; milAk; tiuf;Fk; jw;fhypf trjpfis vLg;gjw;F eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

4.5.7 kPsf;FbNaw ,Uf;Fk; rdr%fj;jpd; tho;tpd; epiyfs; kPjhd jhf;fk;

fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg;gFjpiar; Nru;e;j kf;fs; efuk;> miuefuk;> kw;Wk; fpuhkpa #oikTfspy; cj;Njrf; fhy;thapd; topNa tho;fpd;wdu;. mtu;fsJ tho;thjhuk; tho;f;if Kiw vd;gd jhk; thOk; #oYld; gpize;Js;sJ. KO msthfg; guprPypf;Fk;nghOJ kPs;FbNaw;wkhdJ jdpegu;fis NtWgl;l topfspy; mtu;fsJ #o;epiyiag; nghWj;J ghjpf;fpwJ. kf;fs; jkJ ,lq;fis tpl;L Kw;W KOjhf efu Ntz;ba Njitapy;iy. Mdhy; cj;Njrf; fhy;tha; vy;iyfSf;F mg;ghy; mNj fhzpj;Jz;bNyNa mtu;fs; FbNaw Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,J xU rhjfkhd jhf;fkhf fUjg;glf;$baJ. Vnddpy; mtu;fs; fhy;tha; %ykhf te;J Nruf;$ba ePu; kw;Wk; Vida ed;ikfspd; mD$yq;fis mWtil nra;af;$bNahuha; ,Ug;gu;. kft> nghy;gpj;jpfk>fNyty kw;Wk; jk;Gs;is gFjpfspYs;s gy kf;fs; ,uz;lhk; tifg;ghl;Lf;Fs; tUtJld; fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ed;ik ngw;Wf;nfhs;tu;.

4.5.8 fUj;jpl;l epu;khzg; gFjp kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaUk; rdrfj;jpd; kjk;> fyhrhuk; kPjhd jhf;fk;

Guhjd ,uhr;rpaq;fs; Nghd;w tpNrl GijnghUspay; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j ,lq;fSf;F kpf mz;kpj;jjhf mike;jpUf;Fk; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpahdJ tuyhw;W uPjpahf ngsj;j fyhrhu #oiktpidAk; nghUshjhuj;ijAk; epWtpapUe;jJld; mt;tz;zkhd #oikTfSld; xU neUf;fkhfg; gpd;dpg;gpize;j xU gFjpahfTk; cs;sJ. Guhjd vz;zf;fUf;fshfpa Fsk;> jhJNfhgk;> fpuhkk; kw;Wk; Nfhapy; vd;gd ,d;Wk; xU ed;kjpg;G ngWtdthfTk; filg;gpbf;fg;gL;k; jj;JtkhfTk; cs;sd. 25 tPjkhd 62 FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida rkaq;fisr; Nru;e;j FLk;gq;fs; cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpg;gilAk;.

ve;j tpjkhd topghl;L ,lq;fSk; (Nfhapy;> Njthyak;> gs;spthry;) cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,lk;ngaUk; rdr%fj;jpdu; Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpf;F ghuk;gupakhd kj nraw;ghLfis nraw;gLj;Jtjpy; jkJ MWjypy; ,Ue;J tpLf;fg;gLtu;. Gjpa miktplj;jpw;F ,iag;ghf;fk; mile;Jnfhs;tJ rpukkhdJ vd;gJld; ,e;j tplaj;jpy; kd mOj;jk; epiwe;jJk; MFk;. mj;Jld; gof;fkpy;yhj #oikTfspd; fPo;


136

Kw;W KOjhd me;epa ,lj;jpy; mt;tz;zkhd #oikitf; fl;bf;nfhs;tjw;F fhyj;ijAk; vLf;fpwJ.

4.5.9 fUj;jpl;l epukhzg; gFjpf;F ntspNaahd fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; r%f> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; fyhrhuj; jhf;fq;fs;

fyhrhuk; ,yf;F itf;Fk; gFjpahdJ cyu;tya fhyepiyahfpa ngUk;Nghfj;jpd;nghOJ mjpf kioiag; ngWtJk; rpWNghfj;jpd;nghOJ Fiwe;j kioiaNah kio ,y;yhj epiyiaNah nfhz;l fhyepiyahy; nry;thf;F nrYj;JfpwJ. rdr%fq;fs; KbAkhd mstpw;F kioePiu NtWgl;l ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fSf;Fs; Nrkpj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; fpilf;ff;$ba ePiu Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;J jkJ gapu;r;nra;ifia ftdKld; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;tjw;Fk; gof;fg;gl;ls;sdu;. ngUk;Nghfj;jpd;nghOJ ngUe;njhifapyhd kio vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;nghOJ Nky;epyq;fspy; kuf;fwpfisAk; Vida Jizg; gapu;fisAk; gapupLtJk; fPo;epyq;fspy; ney;iyg; gapupLtJk; gof;fkhf cs;sJ. rpWNghfj;jpd;nghOJ mtu;fs; Fiwe;j ePu;j;NjitAld; $ba cgczTg;gapu;fis njupT nra;fpd;wdu; vd;gJld; new;nra;iff;fhf fLikahd rJg;Gepyq;fisg;g ad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. rpyNeuq;fspy; fLikahd tul;rp epiyikifs; epyTk;nghOJ mtu;fs; gapu;r;nra;iff;fhf ePu;g;ghrdj;jpw;F mz;ikahf cs;s fhzpfisg; gfpu;eJ gfpug;gl;l gapu;r;nra;iff;F nry;tjw;fhd Nghf;Fk; cs;sJ. my;yJ ePiu Nrkpg;gjw;fhf mtu;fsJ fhzpapd; xU gFjpapy; gapu; nra;fpd;wdu;.

cyfshtpa fhyepiyg;ghzpapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fspd; epkpj;jkhf fle;j rpy tUlq;fspy; cyu;gFjpfspy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l mstpy; kiotPo;;r;rp ,lk;ngw;W ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,J kf;fs; Vida tho;thjhu %yq;fspy; ,Ue;J Nkyjpf tUkhdj;ij Njl ,l;Lr;nrd;wJ. mj;Jld; jkJ fhzpfis Fj;jifapy; jw;fhypfkhf nfhLf;Fk;Nghf;Fk; Vw;gl;L

tptrhaj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfpapUf;Fk; Nghf;Fk; Vw;gl;lJ. NWP ePu; jpirjpUg;Gf;fhy;thahdJ gFjpapYs;s rpwpa ,ilj;ju ngUk; ePu;g;ghrdf;Fsq;fis gykhf;Ftjw;fhf cj;Njrpf;fpwJ. mjd; %yk; mg;gFjpapy; tptrha rdr%fkhdJ ePu;j;jl;Lg;ghLfs; ,d;wp jkJ fhzpfspy; gapu; nra;af;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; gykilAk; ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fis ml;ltiz 4-7 jUfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 4-7 ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; mjpfupf;fg;gLk; ngUk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs;

njhlu; ,y

Mw;Wtbepyk; Fsj;jpd;ngau; ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;af;$ba ,lk;

gpuNjrnrayu; gpupT

1 fyhXah tkby;y 729 jk;Gs;is

njtFt 1,215 fNyty

2 njJWXah `f;tw;Wd Xah 2,579 nghy;gpj;jpfk

3 kP Xah

nkbat 486 mk;gd;nghy

mk;gd;nfhy Ntth 340

Mk;gd;nghy, mfw;WNtt

mj;jufyNtth 419 mfw;WNtt

ghY fltyNtth 648 mfw;WNtt, fy;fKt nkhj;j

k; 03 07 6,416

%yk;: fhl;L cj;;jpNahfj;ju;fs; ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsk; - fz;b kw;Wk; FUzhfiy

fhzpg;ghtidg; ghq;F rdr%fq;fspd; tUkhd kl;lk; ,g;gFjpapy; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;wpd; jhf;fk;

,g;gFjpapd; ePu;g;ghrd trjpfs; rpW kw;Wk; ngUk; Nghfq;fspy; ,g;gFjpapy; 350 rpW Fsq;fs;> 7 ngUk; Fsq;fs; Nghd;w Nkyjpf ePu; trjpfSld; Kd;Ndw;wg;gLk;nghOJ ,e;jg;gFjpapy; cs;s epy ePu; cau;tpYk; Kd;Ndw;wk; Vw;gLk;. ,J rpwpa gw;iwf;fhLfspd; tbtpy; ,g;gFjpapd; ,aw;ifj; jhtuq;fspd; tpUj;jpf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;. mj;Jld; ,g;gFjp kf;fs; jkJ njd;id> gyhkuk;> khkuk; Nghd;w ePz;lfhyg; gapu;fspypUe;J ey;y mWtiliag; ngw;Wf;


137

nfhs;tu;. ,Wjpapy; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf ,g;gFjpapy; tptrhaj;Jiwapy; mjpf rhjfkhd jhf;fq;fs; Vw;gLtJld; fhzpg; ghtidapy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLtijAk;

vjpu;ghu;f;f KbAk;. Kd;Ndw;wfukhd fhzpg; ghtidapd; rpy ed;ikfs; gpd;tUkhW:

cj;Njr NWP apd; ePu; jpirjpUg;gy; fhy;thapd; Clhf ngUg;gpg;Gld; rpW kw;Wk; ngUk; Nghfq;fspy; tptrhaf; fhzpfspy; gapu; nra;tjw;fhd rhj;jpak; Vw;gLtJld; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jp mjpfupg;gJld; mjdhy; Rkhud tUkhdk; <l;lg;glf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

ney; kw;Wk; Vida cgczT gapu;fspd; cw;gj;jpapy; mjpfupg;G.

tptrhapfspd; tUkhdj;ij Nkk;gLj;JtJld; mjd; epkpj;jkhf r%f nghUshjhu

epakq;fisAk; cau;j;Jjy;.

tptrhak; njhlu;ghd gy NtWgl;l tu;j;jf nraw;ghLfspd; Muk;gpg;gpy; vOr;rp Vw;gLtjhdJ mg;gFjpapy; Ntiytha;g;G re;ju;g;gq;fis mjpfupf;Fk;

ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fspy; ed;dPu; kPs; tsu;g;Gf;fhd rhj;jpaf;$Wk; rdr%fj;jpd;

Nghriz epiyapy; Kd;Ndw;wKk;. ,g;gFjpapy; tptrhaj;Jiwapy; Nkw;gb epiykhw;wq;fisf; fz;Lnfhs;tjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fs; epr;rakhf ,Ug;gJld; Vida njhlu;Gila fsq;fspypUe;J xj;j rhjf

jhf;fq;fis vjpu;ghu;f;f KbAk;..

cj;Njr njhlu;fhy;tha; topNa tutpUf;Fk; cj;Njr tPjpapd; epkpj;jkhf fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; cs;s kf;fSf;F Rkhuhd xUq;fpizg;G Vw;gLk;. ,izf;Fk; tPjpfspd; tpUj;jpahdJ Gjpa tPjp tiyg;gpd;dypd; tpUj;jpf;F ,l;Lr;nry;Yk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;f KbAk;;. ,e;j mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghd rhjf kw;Wk; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fs; ,Uf;f KbAk;.

cj;Njrf; fhy;thAld; ,ize;j ,izf;Fk; tiyg;gpd;dYld; ,e;j fpuhkpag;gFjpfspd; gpd;jq;fpa jd;ikahdJ ,y;yhky; Nghf;F fhzg;gLtJld; mitfs; gue;j cyfj;jpw;F jpwe;J tplg;gLk;.

fUj;jpl;lj;Jld; ,ize;j mgptpUj;jpapd; epkpj;jkhf fhzpg;ngWkjp kw;Wk; mg;gFjpapy; cs;s Vida nrhj;Jf;fspd; ngWkjp mjpfupf;Fk; Nghf;F Vw;gLk;

fUj;jpl;l gFjp rdr%fj;jpd; Rfhjhuj;jpw;Fk; Rj;jj;jpw;Fk; jw;nghOJ gpur;rpidahf khwpAs;s ghJfhg;ghd FbePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F trjp Fiwe;j epiyahdJ jPHf;fg;gLk;.

mjpf ePu; fpilf;ff;$ba epiy mjpfupg;gjd; tpisthf gapu;r;nra;if nrwpT

mjpfupf;fg;gLk;. ,jDld; tptrha ,urhadq;fs; CI ghtid cau;thf mjpfupf;Fk;. ,jd; jhf;fkhdJ jzpf;fg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ.

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpia KOikahf Nehf;Fk;nghOJ ,e;j tplaq;fshdit tuyhw;W> kj> fyhrhu kw;Wk; Rw;whly; mk;rq;fspy; Kf;fpakhditfshf cs;sd. ,Ue;Jk; mitfs; ,tw;wpd; gpd;jq;fpa epiy kw;Wk; ,t;tplq;fis nry;tjpy; cs;s rpukk; vd;gtw;wpdhy; ntspf;nfhzug;glhJ cs;sd. Gjpa tPjpfspd; tpUj;jpAlDk; ,izg;Gf;fSlDk; ,g;gFjpf;F Gjpjhf fhl;rp ghu;f;fr; nry;gtu;fs; mjpfupg;gJld; mjd; epkpj;jkhf ,g;gFjpapd; ngWkjpAk; mjpfupf;Fk;. ,J cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpdp; xU gykhd rhjfkhd jhf;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

4.6 rha;Tfs; kw;Wk; epyf;fPo; ghijg; gFjpfspd; epu;khzf; fl;lk;

epu;khzf;fl;lk;

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjp kw;Wk; mjd; #oikTfspy; rha;T jtWiffs; kw;Wk; kz; rupT Vw;glf;$ba jd;ikfs;

%L ePu;j;Njf;f gFjpfs; epyf;fPo; ghijfs; njhlu;ghf Vw;glf;$ba kz;rupTj;jd;ikfs; kw;Wk; rha;T jtWiffs; Fwpj;J guprPypf;f Ntz;ba NjitAs;sJ. cj;Njr kfhfpUy mizf;fl;L mr;rhdJ kfhfpUyNttTf;F FWf;fhf nry;fpwJ. G+u;thq;f tprhuizfspy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lJNghy ,e;jf; ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; #o cs;s ,lq;fSk; fiufSk; mjPj vjpu;g;Gs;s gz;lj;ijf; nfhz;bUg;gJld; mjp RikAk; jbg;ghdjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.


138

MfNt ,e;jg;gFjpapy; kz;rupT Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpak; Fiwe;j mf;fiwAilajhf cs;sJ vt;thwhapDk; ngupjhf;fg;gl;l ];jpuj;jd;ikaw;w ghiwj;Jz;lq;fs; vJTk; ,Ug;gpd; mtw;iw mfw;Wtjw;F Kd;ndr;rupf;if vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Nghj;Jtpy epyf;fPo; ghijahdJ 940 m ePskhf 20-22 m cau;e;jgl;r cauj;jpy; neLk;ghiwahy; cUthf;fg;gl;l kiyj;njhlupd; FWf;fhf kj;jpaghfj;jpy; XLfpwJ. Mjd; cs;EioAk; ntspr;nry;Yk; topfspy; ciltw;w ve;j mbg;ghiwAk; vjpu;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. NkNyw;Wk; RikahdJ jbg;ghdjhf ,Ug;gjpdhy; ,g;gbahd gytPdKWk; jd;ik epyf;fPo; ghij fl;Lk;nghOJ fhl;Ltjpdhy; VjhtJ kz;rupT my;yJ rha;T tPo;r;rp vd;gtw;iw jLg;gjw;fhf mj;jpatrpa Kd;ndr;rupf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rha;Tfspd; epu;khzj;jpw;fhf jpwe;J tpLtjw;F Kd;gjhf gyg;gLj;jypd; Vw;ghLfs; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

fhl;L %Liffs; rPu;nfl;Lg;NghtJk; ,e;jg; gFjpapy; Fiwe;jgl;rj;jpw;F itj;jpUf;fg;gLk;. Nkw;gug;G tbfhy;fs; frpe;JNghjiy jLg;gjw;fhf Nkw;gug;G tbfhyhdJ Kd;Ndw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

epy ePuhdJ epyf;fPo; ePu;topf;Fs; frpe;J nry;tjw;Fk; mjd;%yk; epyePu; kl;lk; fhy;tha;f;F fPNo Fiwtjw;fhd rhj;jpak; cs;sJ.

4.7 kdpj ahid Kuz;ghL

eltbf;if fl;lk;

fhy;tha; gazpg;gjJk; ,uz;L ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; fl;lg;gl ,Ug;gJkhd `fy;y gy;Nyf ruzhyaj;jpd; #o cs;s gFjpfspypUe;J kdpj ahid Kuz;ghLfs; Fwpj;J mwpf;ifaplg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jg;gFjpfspy; fhzpfshdJ rpWNghfj;jpy; gapuplg;gLtjpy;iy. Vnddpy; mq;F jz;zPu; gpur;rpid fhzg;gLtjhFk;. ,jd; tpisthf ahidfs; mf; fhzpfis jkJ Nka;r;ry; jiufshfg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ,g;gFjpfspy; ePu;g;ghrd ePu; tpepNahfj;ij mjpfupf;Fk;nghOJ gapu;r;nra;ifahsu;fs; ,e;jf; fhzpfspy; rpWNghfj;jpy; gapu; nra;J ahidfis mtw;wpd; Nka;r;ry; jiuapypUe;J ePf;fp tpLfpd;wd. ,J me;j tptrhapfSf;Fk; ahidfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Kuz;ghl;Lf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yf;$baJ. Vnddpy; ahidfs; gapu;fs; kw;Wk; fpuhkj;Jr; nrhj;Jfis mZFtjpdhyhFk;. ,t;tz;zkhd ahid Kuz;ghlhdJ ngupjhfp ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; fzprkhd xU jhf;fk; tpistpf;Fk; xd;whf ,dk;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;Jld; gy jzpf;Fk; Vw;ghLfSk; Kd;nkhopag;gLfpd;wd. (mLj;j mjpfhuj;ijg; ghu;f;Ff) vt;thwhapDk; ,uz;L ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; mikf;fg;gLtjhdJ ruzhyaj;jpy; thOk; Gy; NkAk; Vida tpyq;FfSf;Fk; ahidfSf;Fk; cztpd; %ykhf njhopw;glf;$ba tpjj;jpy; ePu;Njf;fypd; fPo;g;gFjpapYs;s ,lq;fshdit Gw;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; %ypifj; jhtu tiffSf;Fk; Mjutspg;gjpdhy; cyu;tyaj;jpd;nghOJ czT fpilg;gij ,e;j ,uz;L ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSk; mjpfupf;Fk; vd;gij ehk; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

NkYk; fpl;lj;jl;l 300 n`f;Nlau; fhzpahdJ G+q;fhTld; ,izf;fg;gLk;. Vnddpy; ruzhyak; kw;Wk; #o cs;s kdpjg;ghtidfSf;fpilapyhd rhfpatpay; vy;iyf;F jw;NghJs;s kpd;Ntypia khw;wpaikg;gjpd; %ykhf ,t;thW ,lk;ngWfpwJ. ,e;jg; gFjpahdJ fhLtsu;tij vupj;Jf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtjpdhNyh my;yJ fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; Rj;jk; nra;tjpdhNyh fhL tsu;tij jLj;J ahidfspd; trpg;gplkkhf Kfhikj;jtk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

4.8 khriljy; mk;rq;fs;

eltbf;if fl;lk;

4.8.1 tsp khriljy;

cs;Su; kakhf;fg;gl;l tsp khriljyhdJ epu;khz nraw;ghLfshy; ntspNaWk; J}Rf;fs; cUthf;fg;gLk; Giffspdhy; ,lk;ngWfpwJ. ngUk;


139

vz;zpf;ifapyhd ,ae;jpuq;fs;> ngUk; cgfuzq;fs; vd;gd fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd thfdq;fs; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpfis Rw;wpj;jpupAk;. Bry; ngw;Nwhy; vd;gd ,e;j ,ae;jpuq;fspYk; thfdq;fspYk; vupnghUshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

vupnghUspd; Efu;thy; kw;Wk; iejpurd; xf;irl;Lf;fs; (NOx) vd;gd #oYf;F

ntsptplg;gLk;. Nghd;w NOx, CO thAf;fs; gpujhdkhf ghiw ntbf;f itf;fg;gLk;nghOJ #oYf;F ntsptplg;gLk;. mDkjpf;fg;gl;l fhw;wsT ju vy;iyfs; ml;ltiz 4-8 ,y; jug;gLfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 4-8 mDkjpf;fg;gl;l fhw;wsT juk;

vy;iy mDkjpf;fj;jf;f juk; (mg/m3)

SPM (rpwpa Jzpf;ifg; nghUl;fs;) 0.50

SO2 (ry;gu; bxf;ifrl;) 0.20

NO2 (iej;jpupf; xf;irl;) 0.25

CO (fhgd; nkhndhf;irl;) 30.0

O3 (XNrhd;) 0.20

%yk;: CEA (tpNrl tu;j;jkhdp rhjhuz ,y 850/4, bnrk;gu; 20, 1994)

ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs;> tPjpfs;> fhy;tha;fs;> Jizf;fl;likg;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; epu;khzj;jpw;fhf fhzpfis Rj;jk; nra;tjd; epkpj;jkhf #oYf;F jhf;fk; Vw;gLtjpy;iy. thAf;fisAk; Jzpf;ifg; nghUl;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;s Giffs; jpz;k nghUl;fs; vupf;fg;gLk;nghOJ ntsptplg;gLk;. ntspNaw;wg;gLk; GifahdJ nghJ kf;fSf;Fk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; Ntiynra;Ak; njhopyhsu;fSf;Fk; njhe;juthf ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; cs;s ,uz;L gpujhd ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshtd `fy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpy; mike;Js;sd. MfNt ,e;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; epu;khz nraw;ghLfshdit kf;fis ghjpf;fkhl;lhJ. epyf;fPo; ruq;fg; ghijAk; ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;NsNa mike;Js;sJ. kdpj tho;T kPjhd Fog;GifahdJ epu;khzpf;Fk; njhopyhsu;fisj; jtpu VidNahUf;F FiwthfNt cs;sJ.

epu;khzj;jpypUe;jhd J}R

epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd xt;nthU NtiyAk; ntbf;f itf;Fk; eltbf;iffSk; gz;lq;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;J nra;ag;gLjYk;> fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gLjYk;> fw;Fop nraw;ghLfSk; %yg;nghUl;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd fplq;F nraw;ghLfSk; J}rpia cz;lhf;Fk;. gpujhd epu;khz NtiyahdJ ruzhyag; gFjpapy; mike;Js;sjpdhy; fhw;wpd; juk; kPjhd jhf;fkhdJ FbapUg;G gFjpfspy; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. vt;thwhapDk; fhy;tha; epu;khzpg;ghdJ mz;ikapy; cs;s

rdr%fq;fSf;F khriljiy Vw;gLj;jf;$Lk;..

4.8.2 ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;tpd; jhf;fq;fs; epu;khzf; fl;lk;

,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;Tfspd; jhf;fq;fshdit epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjpapd; nghOJ kpf cau;thf ,Uf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. epu;khz ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;T vd;gd epu;khz nrad;Kiw> tif> kw;Wk; gad;gLj;Jk; cgfuzq;fspd; epiy epu;khzg;gFjpapd; tbtikT vd;gtw;iwg; nghWj;J ngUksT NtWgLfpwJ. ,f;fhuzpfspy; gy tifahdit kuGuPjpahf xg;ge;jfhuu;fSf;F tplg;gLfpwJ.


140

,J epu;khz rj;jj;jpd; kl;lj;ij rupahf kjpg;gpLtij rpukhf;FfpwJ. xl;Lnkhj;j epu;khz ,iur;ry; kl;lq;fshdit gpujhdkhf cgfuzj;jpd; rj;jkpLk; gFjpfshy; Mog;gLfpwJ. mNefkhd epu;khz cgfuzq;fspNy ,ae;jpukhdJ toikahf Bryhy; ,af;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J rj;jj;jpd; gpujhd %ykhf cs;sJ. ml;ltiz 4-9 MdJ epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ gy;NtW fl;lq;fspy; cUthf;fg;gLk; epu;khz cgfuzq;fspd; rj;jk;

cUthf;Fgitfspd; 15 m kw;Wk; 30 m ,Ue;jhd tpsf;fk; nra;fpwJ. ml;ltizapYs;s ,iur;ry; kl;lq;fshdit tif khjpup ngWkjpfis gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;jhYk; cgfuz nraw;gLj;Jduhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; cgfuzq;fs;> cgfuzq;fspd; nraw;gLk; epiyikfspy; gue;j jsk;gy;fs; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;Tj; jhf;fq;fshdit fw;Fop eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; ntbf;f itj;jy; eltbf;iffshy; gpujhdkhf ,lk;ngWfpwJ. ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; tpisAk; mjpu;thdJ tsp Clhf epyj;jpd;

Nkw;gug;G kw;Wk; epyk; Clhf gazpf;fpwJ. CEA apd; cj;Njr ,iur;ry; epakq;fspd;

gpufhuk; epu;khzj;jpd; vy;iyahdJ gfy; Neuj;jpy; fhiy 6.00 – gp.g. 9.00 kzp

tiuahd gfy; Neuj;jpd;nghOJ 75 dB ia tpl mjpfkhd ,iur;riy cUthf;f

khl;lhJ. ,uT Neuj;jpy; gp.g 9.00 – K.g. 6.00 tiuf;Fk; 50 dB ia tpl mjpfkhd rj;jj;ij cUthf;f khl;lhJ. MfNt Ntiyaplj;jpd; vy;iyfshfpa ntbf;f itj;jy; eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ,lq;fs; tho;tplq;fspypUe;J Fiwe;jgl;rk; 100 kPw;wu;

J}uj;jpy; itj;jpUf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ntbf;f itj;jy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

ml;ltiz 4-9 epu;khz cgfuzq;fspd; ,iur;ry; kl;lk;

cgfuzk;

mjpfl;r ,iur;ry; kl;lk; 15 m from

source – dB(A)

Leq

%yj;jpypUe;J 15 m from source – dB (A)

Leq

%yj;jpypUe;J 30 m J}uj;jpy;

ntspg;gLj;jy; – dB (A)

Jwg;gzk;/ JisapLk; fUtp 85 82 76

J}u ,Of;Fk;; thsp uf;Ffs; 81 71 65

Kd; KbT ghuk;Vw;wpfs;

80 75 69

nfhl;Lk; uf; tz;bfs; 71 63 57

nfhq;fpwPl; uf; tz;bfs; 82 79 73

mjpUk; Rj;jpay;fs; 85 82 76

kpd;gpwf;fhf;fpfs; 82 70 64

JisapLk; fUtp 85 80 74

Rik cau;j;jpAld; $ba gad;ghl;L uf;tz;b

81 76 70

jl;ilg;gLf;if uf;tz;b 78 68 62

mKf;fp mLf;fp 81 75 69

Dozer 85 82 77

nrYj;Jk; jz;bfSf;fhd Rj;jpay;

86 80 74

Backhoe 80 75 69


141

epu;khzj;jpw;fhd kuths; 88 82 76

Forklift 80 74 69

epu;khzg;gFjpapd;nghOJ ghu thfd efu;Tfs; kw;Wk; Vida epu;khz nraw;ghLfs; ,iur;riy Vw;gLj;Jk;. gFjpapd; miy tbthd epyg;gFjpahdJ ,t; ,iur;ry;iy mkpor; nra;a cjTtJld; jhtuq;fSk; ,jd; xU gFjpia cwpQ;rptpLk;. MfNt ,jd; xl;Lnkhj;jj;jpy; #oypy; cs;s kf;fSf;F ,jd; jhf;fkhdJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;fhJ. vt;thwhapDk; ,iur;ryhdJ #oypy; cs;s gFjpapd; tdtpyq;Ffisg; ghjpf;Fk;. epu;khz ,iur;ryhdJ fzprkhd fhyg;gFjpf;F epu;khz nraw;ghLfspdhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; rj;jq;fspdhy;

cUthf;fg;glf;$Lk;. (cj;Njr epu;khz fhyg;gFjpahf fl;lk; 1 2015 – 2017> fl;lk; 2 2017

– 2023) gFjpf;Fs;shd epu;khz nraw;ghLfspd; epkpj;jkhf vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; rj;j

kl;lq;fshtd nraw;ghLfspidg; nghWj;J 80 - 95 dB f;F caUk;. ,J mg;gFjpapYs;s

njhopyhsu;fis rj;jj;jpd; cau; kl;lkhfpa fpl;lj;jl;l 80 dB ia vjpu;nfhs;sr; nra;Ak;. mj;Jld; ,J mt;thwhd rj;jj;ij mDgtpf;Fk; Neuj;ijg; nghWj;J Rfhjhug; gpur;rpidfSf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yf;$baJ.

4.8.2.1 ghiwfis ntbf;f itj;jy; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fspd; epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ ghiwfis ntbf;f itj;jy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ntb kUe;Jfshdit murhq;f xOq;Ftpjpfs; kw;Wk; nghyprhupd; Nkw;ghu;itapd; gpufhuk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ntb kUe;Jfshdit nghyp]; epiyaj;jpy; ntbf;f itf;Fk; gz;l njhFjpfspy; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gLk;. ntb kUe;Jfshdit ntbf;f itf;Fk; gFjpfSf;F nghyp]; fhtYld; vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLk;. ghiw ntbf;f itj;jy; kw;Wk; fw;Fop elbtf;iffshdit ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; tspkhriljy; %yq;fshfg; ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ghiw ntbf;f itj;jy; MdJ gpujhdkhf epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij epu;khzj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gLfpwJ. mj;Jld; rpy rpwpastpy; fhy;tha; epu;khzj;JlDk; njhlu;GgLfpwJ. nghj;Jtpy epyf;fPo; Ruq;fg; ghijahdJ (kfhfpj;Jy Ruq;fg;ghij $Wtpiy Mtzj;jpd;) MdJ fhl;Lg; ghJfhg;G ,lq;fspy; mike;Js;sJld; ,J kdpj tho;tplq;fspy; ,Ue;J njhiythfTk; mike;js;sJ> vt;thwhapDk; ntbf;f itj;jypd; cupa Kiwikfs;> ntb kUe;J tif kw;Wk; ghu jhkjk;> Neu NtWghL msTfs; kw;Wk; tupfs; Jthuq;fs;> ntbf;f Muk;gpf;f itf;Fk; jpirAk; KiwAk; vd;gd Njitaw;w epy mjpu;Tfis jtpu;f;Fk; Kfkhf iff;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fhy;thahdJ mjd; Muk;g nrd;wilTfspy; kdptho;tplq;fSf;F ClhfNth my;yJ mz;ikapNyh gazpf;fpwJ. tpgukhd Gtpr;rupjtpay; tprhuizfSf;F gpw;ghL fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghiw ntbf;f itj;jyhdJ Njitaw;w epy mjpu;TfisAk; tspkhriljiyAk; jtpu;f;Fk; Kfkhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ghiw ntbf;f itj;jyhy; Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gLk; epy mjpu;thdJ cldbahf Vw;gLfpd;w epiw khw;wk;> kw;Wk; ntbf;f itf;Fk; %yj;jpypUe;jhd Neuk; vd;gtw;wpy; Neubahf njhlu;GgLfpwJ.

ntbf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;J mf;fiwahd Gs;spf;Fupa J}uk;.

RahjPdg; Nghf;F jpirKfg;gLj;jy;.

ntg;gepiy khw;Wiffspd; fhzg;gLjy; my;yJ fhzg;glhJ ,Uj;jy;.

Rik J}uk;.

cauk; /my;yJ ghtpf;fg;gl;l gz;lq;fs;.

jhkjpj;J ntbf;f itf;fg;gl;l ntbkUe;Jfspd; epiw.


142

4.8.3 Nkw;gug;G rpijT kw;Wk; epu;khzj;jpd;nghOjhd kz;zupg;G epu;khzf; fl;lk;

kiotPo;r;rpapypUe;J Nkw;gug;G rpijthdJ kz;zupg;Gf;F gq;fspg;G nra;Ak; gpujhd fhuzpahf cs;sJ. kz;zpd;tif> rha;T> jhtuq;fs;> epy mikg;gpd; jd;ik Nghd;w Vida gy fhuzpfspYk; kz;zupg;G jq;fpAs;sJ. kz;zupg;ghdJ kfhfpj;Jy mizf;fl;L kw;Wk; kfhfpUy vd;gtw;wpd; epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ kpf cau;thf ,Uf;Fk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. Vnddpy; ,J cau; kPs;FbNaw;wg;gFjpfs;> fhy;tha; epu;khzg;gFjpfspy; mike;Js;sJ.

kz;zupg;gpd; epkpj;jkhf mjidf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F eltbf;if vLf;fhJ Nghapd; kz;zpd; cw;gj;jp jpwd; tPo;r;rpailAk;. Jg;guT nra;ag;gl;l fhzpfspy; ,Ue;J cau; ,lu; Vw;gLtJld; fhy;thapd; mizf;fl;Lf;fs; cile;JtpLk;. jLg;G Vw;ghLfSf;fhf mj;jpahak; 5 ia jaTnra;J ghu;f;Ff.

4.8.4 epu;khz ,ae;jpuq;fspd; epkpj;jkhd ePu; khrilejy;

gy;NtWgl;l ,ae;jpuq;fSk; cgfuzq;fSk; epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ gad;gLj;jg;gLtJld; gy;NtWtifahd vupnghUs;fs;> vz;nza;fs; mtw;iw ,af;Ftjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. vupnghUs;fs; kw;Wk; vz;nza;fs; mt;thwhd ,ae;jpuq;fspypUe;J frptjhdJ Ntiyg; gFjpfspy; ,lk;ngwf;$baJ. ,ae;jpuq;fspypUe;J vz;nza;fs; iftplg;glg;gbd; mitfs; ftdaPdkhfg; gbapd; ePNuhilfspy; cs;s ePupid mitfs; khrilar; nra;ayhk;. ,J njhlu;ghf ePu; khriljy; jLg;G kw;Wk; rupahd gupghydk; vd;gd mj;jpatrpakhdjhf cs;sd.

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; nfhq;fpwPl; njhFjpaply; ,ae;jpuq;fspd; ghtidahdJ gjg;gLj;jhj gjhu;j;jq;fs; ntsptplg;gLtjpd; epkpj;jkhf ePu; khriljiy cz;lhf;fpwJ. fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; fy; cilg;G ,ae;jpuq;fs; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy. xg;ge;jfhuu; cupkk; ngw;w fy; cilg;G ,ae;jpuq;fsplkpUe;J nfhs;tdit Nrfupf;FkhW Ntz;LNfhs; tpLf;fg;gLfpwhu;. ,e;j fy;cilg;G ,ae;jpuq;fshdit khfhz Rw;whly; mjpfhurigaplkpUe;jhd cupkq;fspd; fPo; njhopw;gLfpwJ

4.9 GijnghUspay; gFjpfs; kPjhd jhf;fk;

epu;khzf; fl;lk;

GijnghUspay; fl;lkhdJ fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; xU GijnghUspay; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;il Nkw;nfhz;lJ. ,e;j jhf;fkhdJ 2011 ngg;utupapy; mikr;Rf;F rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j

mwpf;ifahdJ EIA FOtpd; MNyhrfu;fSf;fhd GijnghUspay; Ma;Tf;fhd mbg;gilia toq;fpaJ. fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpf;Fs;shd vy;yhg; GijnghUspay; cz;ikfSk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; cj;Njr nraw;ghLfspd; fhzg;gl;l ,lq;fSf;Fs;shf tpOfpwjh vd;gij jPu;khdpg;gjw;F glq;fs; kPJ fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s vy;yh GijnghUspay; ,lq;fSk; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;ld. 39 ,dk;fhzg;gl;l GijnghUspay; gFjpfspNy gpd;tUk; gFjpfshtd fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf jhf;fq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;ff; $bait.

EIA FO cWg;gpduhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l GijnghUspay; Ma;tpd; gpufhKk;

GijnghUspay; jpizf;fsj;jhy; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;l AIA mwpf;ifapd; gpufhuKk; gpd;tUk; 3 gFjpfSk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nraw;ghLfspd; epkpj;jkhf Neubahf ghjpf;fg;glf;$baitahf cs;sd.

1. nfhwf;fngy];r Cairn Gijf;Fk; ,lk;

2. nfhwf;fngy];r Cairn Gijf;Fk; gFjpf;F mz;ikapYs;s Guhjd ,Uk;Gj;jhJ

3. rpijtile;j kfhfpj;Jy Fsj;jpd; Guhjd mizf;fl;bd; gFjpfshf ,Uf;ff;$ba fy; ghiwj;jfLfs;


143

,e;jg; gFjpfs; vy;yhk; `ft gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shf mike;Js;sJld; ,e;jg;

gFjpfspy; ve;j r%f tpUg;GfSk; ,dk;fhzg;gltpy;iy. nfhwf;fngy];r Cairn Gijf;Fk; ,lj;jpYk; mg;gFjpapYk; kw;Wk; Guhjd ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gbTfs; mike;Js;s gFjpAk; Njf;Fj; Njhl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf Vw;fdNt Fog;gg;gl;ls;s gFjpfshf cs;sd. GijnghUspay; jpizf;fsj;jpd; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; jdJ 2013 Mf]; 1 Mk; jpfjp

jpfjpaplg;gl;l ,y H/EXP/EIA/NWP/ 2013 jpfjpapy; fbjj;jpy; kfhfpj;Jy Fs epu;khzj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf ,U gFjpfSk; ePupy; %o;Ftjhf ,Ue;jhYk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd mq;fPfhuk;

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; kfhfpj;Jy Fsk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ. (gpd;dpizg;G VI-IV).

rpije;JNghd kfhfpj;Jy Fsj;jpd; Guhjd kjfhdJ kpQ;rpAs;s fy; jflhf ,Uf;ff;$ba Guhjd kjfhdJ GijnghUspay; jpizf;fsj;jpd; mwpTWj;jy;fspd; gpufhuk; Fsf;fl;L GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gLk;nghOJ mf; fw; jfL mfw;wg;gl;L Gjpa Fsf;fl;by; nghUl;fhl;rpg;gFjpapy; itf;fg;gLtJld; mjw;fhd nrytpdkhdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; nghWg;Ngw;fg;gLk;.

L14.ePyfk Guhjd Nfhtpy;

ghiwf; fy;ntl;Lf;fspd; $ba ePyfk Guhjd Nfhtpyhfpa Muk;g fhyg;gFjpf;Fupa ,f; NfhtpyhdJ fdypd;; ,lJ gf;fj;jpypUe;J fpl;lj;jl;l 123 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf

ghiwf; Fd;wpy; mike;Js;sJ. ,g;gFjpapd; Gs;spfshf 070N 46.677 kw;Wk; 800E 32.158 vd;gd cs;sd. fhy;thapd; epu;khzpg;gpd; epkpj;jkhf Neubj;jhf;fk; vJTk; Vw;glhJ tpbDk; fdkhd ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; ghiw ntbf;f itj;jypd;NghJ kiwLKf jhf;fq;fs; Vw;glf;$Lk;. vt;thwhapDk; ghiw ntbf;fitg;gjhdJ gFjp ngUg;gpf;fg;gl;l gpw;ghNl jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ ghtpf;fg;gLk; ,ae;jpuq;fs; mfo;T ,ae;jpuq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. ghiw ntbf;f itj;jy; Njitg;gbd; fiyak;rq;fSf;F Nrjq;fs; Vw;gLtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf ,urhad ntbf;f itg;G rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

L18. nfhwf;fngy];r Cairn Gijf;Fk; gFjp

`fy;y gy;Nyf fhl;L ghJfhg;G ,lj;jpd; fhy;thapd; ,lJgf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 100 kPw;wu;

J}uj;jpw;Fs;shf 100 x 100 kPw;wu; gFjpahd Cairn Gijf;Fk; gFjp fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. gFjpahdJ ,uz;L gpujhd Fsq;fs;> xU FbNaw;wk; kw;Wk; ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gFjp

vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;jg;gFjpapd; GPS Gs;spfshf 070N 49.841 kw;Wk; 800E 29.447 vd;gd cs;sd. ,g;gFjpahdJ kfhfpj;Jy Fsj;jpd; epu;khzj;Jld; ,g;gFjpahdJ %o;f ,Ug;gjpdhy; gFjpapd; Neubj; jhf;fk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf ,dk;fhzg;glf;$bajhf cs;sJ. GijnghUspay; jpizf;fsj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jhf;f kjpg;gPl;by; ,J mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

L19. Guhjd ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gbT

Guhjd ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gbfkhdJ 75 x 75 kPw;wu; gug;gpy; Njf;F gapulg;gl;l gFjpapy; fhy;thapd; ,lJgf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 100 kPw;wUf;Fs;shf rptg;G kl;fyj;Jld;

xU ,aw;if Fd;whf ,dk;fhzg;gl;lJ. gFjpapd; GPS Gs;spahf 070N 49.841 kw;Wk; 800E

29.447vd;gd cs;sd. ,g;gFjpahdJ %o;fpg;Nghf ,Ug;gjhy; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf ,g;gFjpapd; Neubj;jhf;fkhf ,dk;fhzg;glf;$baJ.

L20. mope;j kfhfpj;Jy Fsk;

kfhfpj;Jy Fsk; MdJ Kw;W KOjhf mope;Js;sJld; mjd; Guhjd kjTk; ,dk;fhzg;glf;$bajhf cs;sJ. mg;gFjpapy; fjT ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; gy fy;

jfLfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,g;gFjpapd; GPS Gs;spahdJ 070N 49.908 kw;Wk; 800E 29.239 vd;gd cs;sJ. Fsk; kPsf; fl;Ltjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhy; kjFf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd fw;jfLfs; Fok;gglf;$Lk;. ,jd; epkpj;jkhf Neubj; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.


144

L36. tTYt Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapYs;s mope;Js;s gFjp

Gijay; NjLgtuhy; Njb Muhag;gl;l xg;gkw;w nrJf;fg;gl;l fw;W}z;fspd; $ba xU mope;j gFjpahdJ tTYt Guhjd Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; mk;gnfyNttTf;F ,l;Lr;nry;Yk; fhy;thapd; Muk;g Gs;spapd; cl;Gwj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl; 209 kPw;wu; J}uj;jpw;Fs;shf ,dk;

fhzg;gl;lJ. ,g;gFjpapd; GPS Gs;spahdJ 070N 49.674 kw;Wk; 800E 25.230.

4.10 fdpatsq;fs; kPjhd jhf;fk;

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;l xNunahU ngWkjpahd fdpatsq;fshf cs;sd. Quartz

kw;Wk; Kaolin cs;sd. kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshtd Kaolin nropg;G gFjpfis vy;iyahff; nfhz;Ls;sd. kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fk; tiuahd fhy;thahdJ ,e;jf; fdpatsg;gFjpfspy; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. mfo;thdJ epu;khz Nehf;fq;fSf;F NjitahditfSf;F khj;jpuk; mjd; msTfs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Nkyjpf ve;j Ruz;ly;fSk; mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

4.11 ePu;g;ghtid /vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sif /ePu;g;ghrdj;jpl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; kPjhd jhf;fq;fs;

4.11.1 ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs; eltbf;if fl;lk;

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ gy ngupa ePu;g;ghrdj;jpl;lq;fSf;F ed;ikaspg;gJld; fyhXah njJWXah> kP Xah tbepyk; Nghd;w %d;W ePu; tbepyq;fspd; rpW ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;Fk;

ngupa mstpy; ed;ikgaf;fpwJ. NWP fhy;thahdJ jk;Gs;is Xahtpy; Muk;gpj;J fyhXah kw;Wk; njJWXah tpspk;Gf;F neUf;fkhf fyh Xah tbepyj;jpw;F FWf;Nf

gha;fpwJ. NWP fhy;thapd; Muk;g nrd;wilthdJ ntkby;y ngU ePu;g;ghrdj;jpl;lj;jpd; jw;NghJs;s ,lJfiuf;fhy;thapy; ,iztJld; fhy;tha;f;fhd flitahfj; njhopw;gLk;

Nebadagahawatta Fsj;jpw;F gha;fpwJ. fyhXah tbepyj;jpd; Nky; nrd;wilTfspy; cs;s rpwpa ePu;j;Njf;f njhFjpfshtd ngUNghfk; rpWNghfq;fspy; fhzpfspy; gapu;nra;tjw;fhf

NWP fhy;thapy; ,Ue;J ePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;.

fyh Xah ePu; tbepyj;jpYs;s nltFt ngUk; ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lkhdJ NWP

fhy;thapy; ,Ue;J Nkyjpf tpLtpg;Gld; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ngUg;gpf;fg;gLk;;. NWP fhy;thapypUe;J NjtFt Fsj;jpd; ePNue;J gFjpapy; ,aw;ifePNuhilf;F ePu; tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. ntkby;y ePu;g;ghrd jpl;lj;jpd; jw;NghJs;s ,lJfiuf; fhy;thahdJ ehye;J Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J jk;Gs;is Xahtpd; jpirjpUg;gypy; ,Ue;J tUk;

Nkyjpf ePiuAk; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf mfypf;fg;gLk;..

eglfftj;j kl;l flg;gpy; ,Ue;J fhy;thahdJ kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F gha;tJld; njJW Xah Mw;W tbepyj;jpw;Fk; fyhXah tbepyj;jpd; mjpfgl;r ePu; nrd;wiltpy; fyhXah kP Xah tbepy vy;iyfSf;fpilapy; mike;Js;s fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPohd cj;Njr xU Gjpa ePu;j;Njf;fkhFk;. njJWXah Mw;W tbepyj;jpYs;s `f;tw;Wd ePu;g;ghrdj;jpl;lkhdJ ,Wtnjdpaht ,aw;if ePNuhilahfpa `f;tw;Wd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J Neubahf ePiug; ngWk; ,Wtnjdpaht> ,aw;if ePNuhilA+lhf kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J ePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;. Gjpa ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ kP Xah kw;Wk; ahfpa njJW XahTf;F kpf mz;ikahf mike;Js;sikapdhy; kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J kP Xah tbepyj;jpw;F ve;j ePu;g;gw;whf;Fiw Neuj;jpYk; kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij epug;ghky; ePiu tpLtpg;gjw;fhd xU rhj;jpaKs;sJ.

kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J ePuhdJ 3.6 km ePskhd fhy;tha; Clhf kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLk;. ,d;ndhU ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ GdUj;jhuzk; nra;a Ntz;bAs;sJ. kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy ,izf;Fk; fhy;tha;fs; jw;NghJs;s


145

kfhlk;Ng Fsj;jpd; Clhf gha;fpwJ. ,J kfhlk;Ng Fsk; xU flitahfg; gad;gLfpwJ. kfhfpUy kw;Wk; kfhlk;Ng ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshdit kP Xah tbepyj;jpd; kpfr; rpwe;j nrd;wilthf cs;sJ.

NWP fhy;thapd; ,uz;lhtJ nrd;wilthdJ kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J

Muk;gkhtJld; 21.3 km ePsj;ij kP Xah kw;Wk; fyh Xah tbepyj;jpd; topapd; Xuhkhfg; gha;e;J Nky; kP Xah cgePu; gFjpapd; tyJfiug;gFjpapYs;s rpW Fsj;njhFjpfSf;F ePu; toq;FfpwJ. fhy;thahdJ vjw;WNtt gpuNjr nrayu; gpuptpy fLWNtttpy; KbTWfpwJ.

kP Xahtpd; ,lJ fiug;gf;fj;jpYs;s rpwpa Fsj;njhFjpfshdit nghj;Jtpy Fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J njhlq;Fk; NtnwhU fhy;thapd; Clhf ePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpwJ. ,J kP Xah tbepyj;jpd; Nky;gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ. nghj;Jtpy FskhdJ kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;jhd xU Nkyjpfkhd fUj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J ngupjhf;fg;gLk;. nghj;Jtpy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J Muk;gpf;Fk; fhy;thahdJ Muk;gj;jpy; kP Xah tbepyj;jpd; kw;Wk; njJWXah tbepyj;jpd; kPJ gha;e;J jdJ jpiriaj; jpUg;gpf;nfhz;L kP Xah tbepyj;jpd; FWf;Nf gha;e;J njJW XahTld; ,ize;J nkbaht ngUk; ePu;g;ghrdj;jpl;lj;ij

ngUg;gpf;fpwJ.

kP Xah tbepyj;jpd; vy;yh ed;ik ngWk; vy;yh rpwpa ePu;j;Njf;f njhFjpfSk; epyj;jpd; vy;yh eL miltpy; ngupa ePu;g;ghrd jpl;lq;fSf;Fs; tbfpwJ. Mk;gf;NfhyNtt> mj;jufy Ntt> kw;Wk; gOf;flty Ntt> Nghd;w kj;jpa nrd;wilTg;gFjpfspy; cs;s %d;W Fsq;fSk; kP Xah Clhd gha;r;rypy; ,Ue;Jk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; ed;ikailAk; njhFjpfspy; ,Ue;J tUk; tbfhy; gha;tpd; ClhfTk; ed;ikailAk;.

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; NWP js tbtikg;ghdJ Njrg;glj;jpy; fhl;LfpwJ. cU (2-3) gpd;tUk;

cUthdJ NWP fhy;thapd; tiyg;gpd;diyf; fhl;LfpwJ.

cU4-1 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s fhy;tha; tiyg;gpd;dy;

Intake

Mah

adam

be

Mah

a Ki

tula

Mah

a

KaduruWewa

Dewahuwa

WemedillaPothuwila

Mediyawa

Hakwatun

Ambakola wewaAttaragallaPalukadawala

wewa

12

Mi Oya RB minor

Minor Tanks in Kala Oya basin

gOfltyNt mj;jufyNtt

mk;gf;nfhyNt


146

ngupa ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs;

NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J ed;ikngWk; ngupa ePu;g;ghrdj;jpl;lq;fis ml;ltiz

fhl;LfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 4-10 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s ngupa ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs;

Mw;Wtbepyk;

cg tbepyk; ngupa / ,ilj;juf; Fsk; ngau; gug;gsT

tp];jPuzk; - n`f;

jw;Nghija gapu;r;nra;if

mlu;j;jp

fUj;jpl;l

gapu;r;;nra;if mlu;j;jp

fyhXah jk;Gs;is Xah ntkby;y 729 1.8 2.0 N`td; vy;y NjtFth Fsk; 1215 1.8 2.0

njJWXah `f;tw;Wd Xah `f;tw;Wd Xah Fsk;

2579 1.53 1.8

kP Xah nkbaht Fsk; 486 1.26 1.8 mk;gf;nfhynty 340 1.33 1.8 mj;ufy 419 1.29 1.8 gOf;flty 648 1.04 1.8

nkhj;jk; 6416

rpW Fsq;fs;

%d;W Mw;W tbepyq;fspYk; NWP fhy;thapypUe;J njhFjpapd; Nky; nrd;wiltpYs;s Fsq;fSf;F njhFjpf;F toq;fg;gLk;. mjdhy; njhFjpapYs;s Vida Fsq;fshdit

njhFjpapd; Nkw;gFjpapYs;s Fsq;fspypUe;J ePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;. NWP fhy;tha; jpl;lj;jpypUe;J ed;ikngWk; rpwpa Fsj;njhFjpfis ml;ltiz 4-11 fhl;LfpwJ.

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; njhFjpapYs;s rpwpa ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; xU ngUk; vz;zpf;ifahdj ,U Nghfq;fspYk; ePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk

ml;ltiz 4-11 fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapYs;s rpwpa Fsq;fspd; njhFjp

jpl;lk; ePu;g;ghrdg; gFjp (n`f;)

Mw;W tbepyk;

fUj;jpl;kpy;yhj gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jp

gapu;r;;nra;ifAld; fUj;jpl;l mlu;j;jp

jk;Gs;s Xah rpwpa jpl;lk;

184 fyh Xah 1 1.5

kfhfpj;Jy tiuf;Fkhd rpW jpl;lq;fs;

722 fyh Xah 1 1.5

ahg;gFth fhy;thapYs;s rpW jpl;lq;fs;

1,000 kP Xah 1 1.5

kP Xah (RB1) rpW jpl;lq;fs;

1,929 kP Xah 1 1.5


1,001 kP Xah 1 1.5

kP Xah (LB) rpW jpl;lq;fs;

916 kP Xah 1 1.5

nkbaht njhFjpapy; rpW

231 kP Xah 1 1.5


147

jpl;lq;fs; nkhj;jk; 5,983

4.11.2 gpupj;njLg;Gf;fs;

ngupa jpirjpUg;G Gs;spfshtd:

NjtFt Fsj;jpw;F jpirjpUg;gk;

kfhfpj;Jy Fsj;jpypUe;J `f;tw;Wd Fsj;jpw;F jpir jpUg;gk;

nghj;Jtpy Fsj;jpypUe;J nkbahattpw;Fk; kP Xah rpWj;njhFjpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd jpUg;gk;

jho;e;j kP Xah tbepyj;jpw;fhd jpirjpUg;gk; (mk;gf;nfhy Ntt> mj;jufy kw;Wk; gOflty nghj;Jtpy Fsj;jpypUe;J)

kfhfpUy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J fSfKt gFjpapy; rpW Fsq;fSf;fhd jpir jpUg;gk;

Dambulu Oya

Intake

Bowatenna

Reservoir

Upper Mi Oya - RB

Ambakola Wewa, Attaragalle,

Palukadawala

Upper Mi Oya LB Canal - Mediyawa and Minor Tanks

Dewahuwa

Dewahuwa

Hakwatuna Oya

Galgamuwa

Mi Oya Diversion

Mediyawa

cU 4-2 NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; jpirjpUg;gy; Gs;spfs;

4.11.3 ePu;g;ghtidapd; jhf;fk;

NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;j;pd; fPohd ePupd; jpirjpUg;gkhdJ; fyh Xah> njJW Xah> kP

Xah vdw %d;W Mw;wpd; tbepyq;fspYk; xU rhjfkhd jhf;fj;ij epr;rakhf Vw;gLj;Jk;.

njJW Xah tbepyj;jpd; `f;tw;Wd XahthdJ Nky; ePNue;J gpuNjrj;jpy; Vida fsg; gapu;r;nra;ifapd; epkpj;jkhf mz;ikf;fhyj;jpd;nghOJ ePNue;L cl;gha;r;ryhdJ fzprkhdsT Fiwe;Js;sikahy; fLikahd ePu; gw;whf;Fiwg; gpur;rpidia vjpu;nfhs;fpwJ. ,f; fUj;jpl;lj;Jld; `f;tw;Wd ePu;g;ghrdj;jpl;lkhdJ ,Wtnjdpah ePNuhil Clhf ,UNghfq;fspYk; gapu; nra;tjw;fhd ePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;. jpirjpUg;gg;gLk; nkhj;j msthdJ tUlhe;jk; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; KO mKy;gLj;jYf;Fk;

gpw;ghL tUlhe;jk; 28 MCM Mf ,Uf;Fk;.

jw;nghOJ kP Xah tbepyj;jpYs;s ngupa epu;g;ghrdj;jpl;lkhdJ ePu;j;jl;Lg;ghl;il tpNrlkhf rpWNghfj;jpd; nghOJ ehl;bd; cyu;tyaj;jpy; fhzg;gLtjpdhy; fLikahd


148

ePu;g;gw;whf;Fiwia vjpu;nfhs;fpwJ. ,e;j jpl;lq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ 1.0 -1.2

NtWgLtJld; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jld; ,J 1.8 f;F caUk;.

nghJthf FUzhfy; khtl;lj;jpYs;s rpwpa ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;if

mlu;j;jpahdJ 1.0-1.2 NtWgLfpwJ. mNjNtisapy; mEuhjGu khtl;lj;jpYs;s rpwpa

Fsq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ 0.8-1.0tiu NtWgLfpwJ. FUzhfy; khtl;lj;jpYs;s cau; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpf;fhd fhuzkhdJ khtl;lj;jpd; ngUk;ghyhd ghfq;fs; ,ilj;ju tyaj;jpy; mike;jpUg;gjpdhyhFk;. Nky; kP Xah ePu;nfhl;Lk; gFjpahdJ FUzhfiy khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lnghOjpYk; ed;ikapd; ngUk;ghyhdit cyu;tyaj;jpw;Nf fpl;LfpwJ. fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ed;ikailAk; gFjpfspd;

rpWjpl;lq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ 0.8-1.0 ,ilapyhf ,Uf;ff;$Lk; vdf; fzpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.

fUj;j;pl;lj;jpd; gpw;ghL rpwpa Fsq;fspd; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ ngUk;Nghfj;jpy;

100% gapur;nra;ifAlDk; rpWNghfj;jpy; 80% gapu;r;nra;ifAlDk; 1.8 Mf caUk;.

NkYk; jw;Nghija #oyhdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpw;ghL gFjpapy; epy ePu;g;ghj;jpfspd; mjpfupg;Gld; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; #oYk; cau;j;jg;gLk;. tUlk; G+uhfTk; ePiuf; nfhz;bUg;gJld; kP Xah> fyh Xah tbepyq;fspd; Nky; ePNue;J gpuNjrq;fspd; rpW Fsq;fspy; vz;zpf;ifapd; fPo; ,UNghfq;fspYk; gapu;r;nra;if eilngWtJld; jw;Nghija cyu; #oikTk; Fiwe;JtpLk;.

epyePu; kl;lq;fshdit ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspdJk; fhy;tha;fspdJk; epu;khzj;jpd;NghJk; eltbf;ifapd;NghJk; khw;wg;gLk;. xU mizapd; epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ mizar;rpd; topNaahd epyePu; kl;lkhdJ Kf;fpa mfo;ntl;L epyePupd; ,iwj;jy; fhuzkhf khw;wilaf;$Lk;. ,e;j jhf;fkhdJ jw;fhypfkhdNj.

cj;Njr NWP fhy;tha; MdJ rpwpa Fsq;fspd; ePu; fpilf;Fk; jd;ikia khw;Wtjhy; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; epyePu; kPjhd xU jhf;fj;ij vjpu;ghu;f;f KbAk;. vt;thwhapDk; xU tpgukhd ePu;j;ju Ma;T vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhy; ,J xU fzprkhd fhyg;gFjpf;F epyePu; kl;lj;JlDk; ju mtjhdpg;Gf;fSlDk; ,ize;jpUf;f Ntz;Lnkd rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW nra;tjhdJ VjhtJ ePu; milgl;Lg;NghFk; VjhtJ rhj;jpaj;ij fz;Lgpbf;fg;gLtij cWjpg;gLj;JtJld; fUj;jpl;l jhf;fjq;fis kjpg;gpLtjw;fhd mbg;gilia toq;Fk;.

,j;njhlu; fhy;thahdJ jk;Gs;is XahtpypUe;J kfhfpj;Jy tiuf;Fk; `fy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaq;fis ClWj;Jr; nry;Yk; xU epyf;fPo; topahFk;. epyf;fPo; ghijapd; kj;jpa

gFjpahdJ cau;e;jgl;rk; 15 m jbg;Gld; quartzite ghiwA+lhfr; nry;fpwJ. ,jd; cs;EioAk; ntspr;nry;Yk; ghijfspy; ghiwg;gil fhzg;gl;lhYk; mJ ntbg;Gf;fSld; fhzg;gLfpwJ. epyf;fPo; topapd; epu;khzk; kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;Lld; ghiwapy; cs;s ntbg;Gf;fs; Clhf epyePu; Fiwf;fg;gLtJ rhj;jpakhfpwJ. epyf;fPo; top Fwpj;J tpgukhd tprhuizfisr; nra;tjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLtJld; mjd; tpisTfisg; nghWj;J milj;jy; G+Rjy;> <uf;fyg;gply; Mzpaply;> gilaply; vd;gtw;why; gytPdkhd gFjpfis

gyg;gLj;Jtjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

fhy;tha; topahd ePu; ghj;jpfspd; jhf;fkhdJ mNefkhf rhjfkhf cs;sJ. fpuhkf; FbePu; fpzWfspd; ePu;kl;lkhdJ fhy;tha;fspd; ePupd; epkpj;jkhf mjpfupf;Fk;. ,J xU rhjfkhd epiyikahFk;. ,e;j rhjfkhd epfo;thdJ ,e;j ePu; gha;r;rf;$ba gFjpfspy; fz;Zf;Fj; njuptjhf ,Uf;Fk;. njhiyNgrp> kpd;rhu je;jpfisAk;> fk;gpfisAk; ePu;f;Foha;fisAk; Nghd;w gad;ghLfis khw;wpaikg;gjhdJ fhy;tha; nry;Yk; topapd; topNa Njitg;gLj;jg;glkhl;lhJ.


149

4.11.4 ,ize;j trjpfs;

Nky; vyfu fhy;tha; (UEC)

NWP fhy;tha; njhopw;gLtjw;fhf UEC MdJ G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; mJ

njhopw;ghL cilajhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. UEC MdJ ADB fldpd; xU cg

fUj;jpl;lkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. UEC f;fhf xU jdpahd EIA MdJ nra;ag;gLtJld;

vy;yh Rw;whly; gpur;rpidfSk; UEC EIA apy; guprPypf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fk;

ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ G+u;tPfkhf fyhXah tbepyj;jpw;F fyhNttit mjpfupg;gjw;fhf

ePiuj; jpirjpUg;Gtjw;fhf mDg;gg;gl;Lj. ,J 35 m caukhd nfhq;fpwPl; GtpaPu;g;Gila

mizf;fl;lhFk;. ,t; mizf;fl;lhdJ 1957,y; fl;lg;gl;lJ.

FSL ,y; ,jd; ,aYikahdJ 15.3 MCM MFk;. gpur;rpidfis vjpu;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy; ,t; mizf;fl;lhdJ Fwpg;ghf mjd; fl;likg;G ];jpujd;jd;ik mizffl;bd; fLikahd ntbg;G> ePu; rpe;Jk; ,aYikapd; Nghjpajw;w jd;ik> ePu;j;Njf;f Nrkpg;G kl;lk; vd;gtw;wpy; mjd; fl;likg;G Fwpj;j re;Njfq;fspdhy; Kd;ndr;rupf;if eltbf;ifahf

367.28 m asl, FSL ,y; fpl;lj;jl;l 3m Fiwthf tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. mizf;fl;bd; ghJfhg;gpd; fPo; gupfhu eltbf;iffs; ,g;nghOJ mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd vd;gJld;

ePu;toq;fy; jpl;lkply; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; MI ,d; fPo; ePu;g;ghrd mikr;rhy; ,itfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ cyf tq;fpahy; epjpaPl;lg;gLtJld; xU

gpwpjhd EIA MdJ ,f;fUj;jpl;l Muk;gpg;Gf;F Kd;djhf nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUj;j Ntiyfshdit 2014 ,y; G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gLtjw;F ml;ltizg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

4.11.5 %yg;nghUl;fisg; ngw fpz;ba gFjpfs;> nfhl;Lk; gFjpfs;> fw;Fopfs;.

cU 4.5 MdJ njupT nra;ag;gl;l %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf fpz;Lk; gFjpfs; kw;Wk; fw;Fopg; gFjpfisf; fhl;LfpwJ. %yg;nghUl;fis fpz;Lk; gFjpfshdit cj;Njr gLf;iffspy; mike;Js;sd. ,g;gFjpahdJ ePu;j;Njf;fk; mKYf;F tUk;nghOJ ePuhy; epuk;gp tpLk;.

fw;Fopg; gFjpfshdit tdtpyq;F kw;Wk; fhl;Lg;ghJfhg;G gFjpfspd; vy;iyfspy; mike;Js;sJ. rpy ghiwf; fw;FopfSk; eltbf;ifapy; cs;sd.

epyf;fPo; ePu;g; ghijapy; ,Ue;J mfog;gl;l ghiwahdJ ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd epu;khzg; gz;lq;fSf;fhf; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. kpjkpQ;rpa epyf;fPo;g; ghijapd; kf;fpahdJ ruzhyaj;jpd; Clhf vLj;Jr;nry;yg;gl;L ntWk; jiufspy; nfhl;lg;gLk;. Nkyjpf fhy;tha; mfOifahdJ mz;ikapy; tjpgtu;fshy; tPjpfisAk; tpisahl;L ikjhdq;fisAk; epug;Gtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

4.11.6 nry;Ytjw;fhd ghijfs; ePu;j;Nj;fq;fSf;fhf njupT nra;ag;gl; gFjpfshditfs; ehd;F rf;fu thfdq;fs; kw;Wk; coT ,ae;jpuq;fshy; jw;nghOJ nrd;wilaf;$ba ,lkhf cs;sJ. ,e;j tPjpfshdit fpuhkj;jpy; ,g;gFjpapy; mz;ikahf thOk; kf;fshy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j tPjpfshdit epu;khz thfdq;fspd; efu;Tf;fhf mfypf;fg;gLk;. tPjpapd; gf;fq;fs; kuq;fspypUe;J ,g;nghOJ tpLtpf;fg;gl;Ls;sikapdhy; ve;j kuq;fSk; ntl;b

tPo;j;jg;glkhl;lhJ..

fhy;thapd; Xukhd tPjp jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJld; ,t;tPjpahdJ epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ nrd;wiltjw;fhd tPjpahfg; gad;gLk;. tbtikf;fg;gl;l fhy;tha; FWf;Fntl;L gpupthdJ ,e;j tPjpiaAk; cs;slf;fp ,Ug;gJld; fhy;thapd; jiutopahfg; gazpf;fpwJ. ,e;j tPjpf;fhd Nkyjpf fhzpapd; Njit vohJ.


150

4.11.7 njhopyhsu;fspd; njhopy; Rfhjhuk;> - ghJfhg;G gpur;rpidfSk;> njhopyhsu; Kfhk;fspd; tpgj;Jf;fSk; > epu;khz Ntiyapy; <Lgl;Ls;s vy;yhj; jug;gpdUf;Fk; njhopy;ghJfhg;G Kf;fpakhdJ. njhopyhsu;fspd; ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jtijj; jtpu mNefkhd tpgj;Jf;fs; mjpfsthd Neuk; tPzhtijAk; ,yf;Ffs; Mgj;jpy; ,lg;gLtjw;Fk; fhuzkhf ,Ug;gjhy; vy;yhj; jug;gpdUf;Fk; Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. xg;ge;jfhuiug; nghWj;jstpy; ,J Nkyjpfkhf nrytpdkhf ,Ug;gJld; xU tpgj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf rpyNtisfspy; Ntiyg;gFjpahdJ nrayw;W ePz;l kzpj;jpahykhf ,Ug;gjd; mu;j;jk; cw;gj;jp kzpj;jpahyk; ,of;fg;gLtjhFk;. Nkyjpfkhf ,J fhg;GWjp cupikNfhuy;fSf;F vLj;Jr;nry;tJld; rpyNtisfspy; rl;l nrad;KiwfspYk; nrd;W Kbe;Jtplf;$Lk;.

xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; jw;fhypf epu;khzg; gzpahl;fshf cs;Su; Ntiyfspy; <LgLj;Jtu;. mtu;fs; kz; efu;j;Jk; ,ae;jpuq;fSld; Ntiy nra;J gof;fkw;Nwhuha; ,Ug;gJld; Ntiytoq;Fdu;fshy; ,J Fwpj;J Gjpa ftdk; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gwf;Fk; ghiwfs; (ntbf;f itf;Fk; gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J ghiwj;Jz;Lfs; vLj;njwpag;gLjy;) MdJ Ntiy njhopyhsu;fs; NkYk; mg;gFjpapy; thOk; kf;fSf;F Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$Lk;. ngupa kz; efu;j;jy; gFjpfspy; J}R MdJ njhopyhsu;fSf;F ngupa mghakhf ,Uf;Fk;. epyf;fPo; ghifspy; Nghjpajw;w fhw;Nwhl;lkhdJ Ruq;fq;fspYs;s njhopyhsu;fSf;F ngupa ,luhf ,Uf;Fk;.

4.11.8 fhyepiy khw;wk; fhyepiy khw;wk; Fwpj;j Rl;nly;iyfs; fhzg;gLk; mNjNtisapy; ,lu; kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; Vw;ghLfis iff;nfhs;SjYf;fhf fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Neubahd njhlu;Gs;s Kf;fpakhd Kf;fpakhditfspy; xd;whf ,Ug;gJ ntg;gepiy> kiotPo;r;rpapy; khw;wk; Vw;gLtjhFk;. l. fhyepiy khw;wg; Nghf;Ffs; 100 tUlq;fSf;F Nkw;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapd; fhyepiy khw;wg; gjpTspd; gFg;gha;Tfs; ntg;gepiyapy; 1961 - 1990 tiuf;Fk; (ngu;dhz;Nlh kw;Wk; re;jpughy> 1992) vy;yh tspkz;lytpay; epiyaq;fspYk; tsp ntg;gepiyapd; mjpfupg;igf; fhl;bAs;sd. me;jf; fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;gl;l mjpfupg;G tPjkhdJ tUlj;jpw;F 0.0160 C Mf mjhtJ 100 tUlq;fspy; 1.60 C f;F rkijahf ,Ue;Js;sJ. ,yq;ifapy; kiotPo;r;rpahdJ cau;e;j tUlhe;j NtWghl;L mk;rj;ijf; nfhz;L 1880 ,Ue;J 1970 tiuf;Fk; cyu;e;j <u fhyg;gFjp khwp khwp mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; mjw;Fg; gpd;G fzprkhd Fiwg;G mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (MIWRM, 2010 6 ). 1931 ,Ue;J 1990 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapd; nghOJ tUlhe;j ruhrup kiotPo;r;rpahdJ 2,005 mm to 1,861 mm, Mf tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sjhf mwpf;ifaplg;gLfpwJ. ,J xU7% tPo;r;rpahFk % (Jayatilake et al, 2005).7 ,t; tPo;r;rpahdJ gUtfhyq;fSf;fpilapy; NtWgl;L ,Ug;gJld; khu;r;rpy; ,Ue;J Vg;uy; tiuahd gUtg;ngau;r;rpf; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ cau; tPo;r;rp fhzg;gLfpwJ. jPtpukhd epfo;Tfspd; jPtpuj;jd;ikAk; jpUk;gptUk; epiykhWk; fhyg;gFjpAk; FWfpajhf khwpaJk; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fhyepiy Kd;dwptpg;Gf;fs; ntg;gepiyf;fhd jw;Nghija Nghf;Fk; khjpup Kd;dwptpg;Gf;fSk; ,J fUj;jpl;lf; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ 2050 tiuf;Fk; mjw;Fg; gpd;dhYk; mjpfupf;Fkhd Nghf;if Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. 2100 mstpy; ,J 20 C My; mjpfupf;Fk; vd;gJ xU rpwe;j kjpg;gPlhf cs;sJ. fPNo fye;JiuahLtJNghy; fUj;jpl;l jhf;fq;fshtd ePu;g;ghrd ePu;j;Njitapy; mjpfupg;igf; fhl;LtJld; gapu; cw;gj;jpapd; ghjfkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,lKz;L.

6 Sri Lanka Water Development Report 2010

7Jayatillake, H.M., Chandrapala, L, Basnayake, B.R.S.B, Dharmaratne, G.H.P, (2005). Water Resources and

Climate Change. Proceedings of the Workshop on Sri Lanka National Water Development Report, World Water

Assessment Programme, Paris.


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epiyapd; Ntjpay; ghq;F njhlu;ghdJk; XusT Kuz;ghlhdjhfTk; ,Ug;gJld; fle;j 60my;yJ $ba tUlq;fspd;nghOJ kiotPo;r;rpYk; nghJthd tPo;r;rpapidf; fhl;bapUf;fpwJ. fhyepiy khw;w khjpupfshdJ vjpu;fhy kiotPo;r;rp FiathfTk; cau;thfTk; ,Ug;gjw;fhd Kd;dwptpg;Gf;fis toq;FfpwJ. gUtfhy khw;wq;fs; njhlu;ghf xU epue;juj;jd;ik Njhd;wpdhYk; $l SWM ciwT mjpfupg;gJld; NWM ciwT tPo;r;rpailAk;. ciwtiltjpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fshdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; fzprkhd khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. Fiwthd kiotPo;r;rpahdJ ePu;fpilf;Fk; jd;ikiaf; Fiwg;gJld; ,J fs kw;Wk; ePu;tb epyq;fspYk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. mjhtJ kfhtypapy; ,Ue;J khw;wg;gLtJ cau;kio tPo;r;r;rpahdJ ePu; fpilf;fg;ngW jd;ikia mjpfupg;gjld; ePu;g;ghrdf; Nfs;tpiaf; Fiwf;Fk;. mjd; %yk; mjpfupj;j cw;gj;jpjpwDf;F re;ju;g;gj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. (ePu;g;ghrdg;gFjpfis mjpfupj;jy; kw;Wk; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpia cau;thf;fy;) kio tPo;r;rp mlu;j;jpapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fshdJ Kiwik tbtikg;G> fhy;tha;fspd; flikfs;> flf;Fk; tbfhy; fl;likg;Gf;fs;> ePu;j;Njf;f ,aYikfs; vd;gtw;wpy; Kiwik tbtikg;gpw;fhd tpisTfisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. gytPdj; jhf;fj;jd;ik kjpg;gPL gytPdj; jhf;fj;jd;ik ,yf;fhdJ epfo;fhy vjpu;fhy jhf;fg; gytPdq;fis ,dk;fhZtJld; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l ,e;j kjpg;gPl;L jhf;fg;gL jd;ikapd; Kf;fpa fhuzpfis tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJkhFk;. jhf;fg;gL jd;ik vd;gJ vt;tsTf;F Kiwik ghjpg;gilaf;$bajhf cs;sJ vd;gijAk; vjpu;j;J epw;f KbahjpUf;fpwJ fhyepiy khw;wq;fspd; ghjf tpisTfisAk; Fwpj;J epw;fpwJ. jpl;lj;jpd; tbtikg;G kw;Wk; eltbf;if vd;gJ %d;W Kd;Ndw;w Nrit ek;Gif kl;lq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ePu;g;ghrdj;jpw;fhd ePu; xJf;fPLfis cs;slf;FfpwJ.

jtwpd; tif epiyik jtwpd; Nky;kl;l vy;iy

ePu;g;ghrdj; jtWfs; toq;fy; gw;whf;Fiw 5%ia tpQ;RfpwJ

20%

fzprkhd jtWfs; toq;fy; gw;whf;Fiw 10%ia tpQ;RfpwJ

10%

nkhj;j jtWfs; toq;fy; gw;whf;Fiw 20%ia tpQ;RfpwJ

5%

xd;W jpul;ba jhf;fq;fs; tlNky; khfhz NWP fhy;tha; jpl;lj;jpd; ed;ik jUk; gFjpfspy; ve;jg; ngupa fUj;jpl;lq;fSk; tplg;gltpy;iy. vt;thwhapDk; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;l mKy;gLj;jypd; epkpj;jkhf gy;NtW ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; gy jw;NghJs;s jpl;lq;fs; cs;sd. ,g;gpupthdJ ,U tplaq;fspd; xd;W jpul;ba jhf;fq;fis kjpg;gpLfpwJ. KjyhtJ NWP apd; xd;W jpul;ba jhf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapd; Vida mgptpUj;jpfs; vd;gd MFk;. ,uz;lhtjhf KOjhd ePu; toq;fy; KjyPl;L mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; xU je;pNuhgha kl;l jhf;f kjpg;gPlhFk;. ,J UEC fUj;jpl;lk;> tlNky; khfhz fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk; kpdpg;Ng vOk; mizf;fl;L kw;Wk; kpdpg;Ng ,lJfiuf; fhy;tha; GdUj;jhuzk; kw;Wk; mjDld; ,ize;j xl;Lnkhj;j jhf;fq;fis ftdpf;fpwJ. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Vida mgptpUj;jpfSldhd xd;wpize;j jhf;fq;fs;

tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; NWP fhy;tha; ed;ik jUk; gFjpfspy; NtW ngUk; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; vJTk; jpl;lkplg;gltpy;iy. vt;thwhapDk; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; mKy;gLj;jypd; epkpj;jkhf gy tpj ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s tpUf;Fk; gy fUj;jpl;lq;fs; jw;NghJs;sd. njJW Xah ePu;j;Njf;fk; (75 MCM) 2014 ,y; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. ,J njJW Xah ePiu milj;J itf;Fk; xU ngupa kz; mizf;fl;lhFk;. `f;tw;Wd Xah vd;gJk; njJW Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; Nky; ePNuhl;lg;ghu;itapy; jdJ ,izg;igf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; njJW Xahtpd; xU ngupa fpis MwhFk;. (cU 2-3) NWP fhy;thapypUe;J ePuhdJ kfhfpj;Jy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;L> tpLtpf;fg;gl;l ePuhdJ `f;tw;Wd Xah Fsj;jpw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpia mjpfupf;fpwJ. `f;tw;Wd Xah ePu;g;ghrd


152

gFjpfspypUe;jhd tbePu;fhy;tha; ePuhdJ `f;tw;Wd Xahtpy; Nrfupf;fg;gLtJld; Mwpd; tpLtpg;ghdJ mjpfupf;fg;gLtJld; njJW Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; cl;gha;r;riy mjpfupf;fpwJ. ,e;j mjpfupj;j cl;gha;r;ryhdJ njJW Xah kjtpy; ,Ue;jhd ePu;g;ghrdq;fs; kPJ rhjfkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ,ijg;Nghd;Nw kP Xahtpd; eL milTg;gFjpfspy; mike;Js;s jw;NghJs;s ,q;fpdpkpw;wpah ePu;j;Njf;fk; (73 MCM) Nky; kP Xah ePu;g;ghrd Kiwikapd; ePu;tbfhy; gha;T mjpfupg;gjpypUe;J ed;ik ngWfpwJ> NWP cj;Njr fhy;thapypUe;J mjpfupj;j cl;gha;r;rhiy ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;. ePu;toq;fy; KjyPl;L mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; xd;W jpul;ba jhf;fq;fs;. kfhtyp mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf murhq;fj;jhy; nghWg;ngLf;fg;gl;l xU je;jpNuhgha Rw;whly; kjpg;gPl;bd; fhz;Gfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L KjyPl;L epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf gy;Yapu;j;jd;ik kw;Wk; ePu;gz;gpay; vd;gd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;lJld; ,t; trjpAld; njhlu;Ggl;l fSfq;if kw;Wk; nkhwf;fe;ij ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; epu;khzj;jpd; fPOk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. kfhtyp Kiwkfs; Neubahf WRDIP apdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLtdtw;wpy; cs;slq;Ftdthtd Kiwik E (kpdpg;Ng), Kiwik IH (er;rJt), s Kiwik MH (FWYNtt) Kiwik I (kfhfdlut ). %d;W cg fUj;jpl;lq;fSld; rk;ge;jg;gLfpwJ : 1. Nky; vyfu fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk; (EIA apd; fUg;nghUs; )

,g;nghOJ epu;khzpf;fg;gl;L tUk; nkhuf;fe;j ePu;j;Njf;fk; kw;Wk; fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fk; Mfpad fSfq;if kw;Wk; nkhwf;ffe;j ,izg;Gf;fhy;tha; kw;Wk; Nky; vyfu fpUyNtt

tiuf;Fkhd fhy;thapd; ,ize;j trjpfshf fUjg;gLfpd;wd.

2. tlNkw;F fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk;

,jpy; nydNlhuhtpy; ,Ue;J fJUNtth tiuf;Fkhd fhy;thAk; kfhfpUy kw;Wk; kfhfpj;Jy Mfpa ,U Nrkpg;G Fsq;fspd; epWTifAk; cs;slq;FfpwJ.

3. kpdpg;Ng LB fhy;thapd; GdUj;jhuzKk; kpd;Ng mizf;fl;il cau;j;JjYk;

cj;Njr WRDIP apd; %d;W cgfUj;jpl;lq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; xd;Nwh my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l gFjpfspy; jhf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j ghJfhg;G gFjpfshdit ml;ltiz 4-12 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;lthwhf tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk; my;yJ fhl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLk; tpyq;F kw;Wk; jhtug; ghJfhg;G fl;lisr;rl;lk; my;yJ fhl;L fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; epWtg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j xt;nthU

fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;Fk; gpwpjhd Rw;whly; kjpg;gPLf;s nghWg;ngLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 12.

ml;ltiz 4-12 WRDIP apdhy; jhf;fk; tpistpf;fg;gLk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs; tif tp];jPuzk; (n`f;) gpufdlj;

jpfjp nkhj;jk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ

tlNky; fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk;

`f;fy – gy;Nyfy S 21,690 342 (1.6%) 1989

Nky; vyfu fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk;

Vvfu – fpupj;jy S 14,035 190 (1.4%) 2000

kpd;Ndupah fpupj;jy NR block III 4,745 0 1995

kpd;Ndupah NP 8,889 15 (0.2) 1997

fpUy FR 25,000 0 1942

kpdpg;Ng mizf;fl;L kw;Wk; kpdpg;Ng LB fhy;thapd; GdUj;jhuzk;


153

Tpf;Nuhwpah – ud;njdpfy –

uj;jk;Ng

S 42,089 25 (0.1%) 1987

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l RUf;nfOj;Jf;fs;: S – ruzhyak;, NR - ,aw;if ghJfhg;gplq;fs;, NP – Njrpa

G+q;fhf;fs;, FR – fhl;L ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs;

IUCN tifg;gLj;jypd; gpufhuk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fspd; tpgupg;G (ll;yp 2008)

1. Njrpa G>q;fh (NP): DWC My; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; xU

gFjpapd; tifg;ghL II

2. ,aw;if ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; (NR): DWC My; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLk; xU

ghJf;fg;gl;l ,lk; xU tifg;gFjp IV.

3. ruzhyaq;fs;s (S): DWC My; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLk; xU

ghJfhf;fg;gLk; ,lj;jpd; xU tif VI.

4. fhl;L ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; (FR): FD My; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLk;xU

ghJfhf;fg;gLk; ,lj;jpd; xU tif IV

Fwpg;G: fYfq;if> nkhwf;fe;ij> fSfq;if – nkhwf;fe;ij epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij

vd;gtw;wpd; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfs; ve;j ghJfhf;fg;gl;l

gFjpf;Fs;Sk; ,lk;ngwtpy;iy.

juT %yq;fs; MIWRM, 2014a; MIWRM, 2014b; MIWRM, 2014c; NRM, 2008; TEAMS, 1998

,e;j cg fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; Rw;whly; kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;iffshdit gy;Yapupdj;jd;ik kw;Wk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfs; kPjhd cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpd; jhf;fq;fspd; xU gFg;gha;it

rku;g;gpj;jd. WRDIP apd; Neubahd jhf;fj;jpy; gy ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfs; cs;slq;fpAs;sd. NkYk; kfhtyp Mw;W tbepykhdJ ,yq;ifapy; kpfg; ngupa ePu tbepykhf jdpj;Jtkhd capupay; Gtpapay; gz;GfSld; fhzg;gLfpwJ. (kfhtyp Mw;Wtbepyj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;;l gy mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;sdhd mg;gFjpf;Nf cupa capupd tiffs; cs;sd. MfNt %d;W cj;Njr cg fUj;jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; mjd; ,ize;j trjpfs;; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs; kw;Wk; capupd tiffs; kPJ fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; xd;W jpul;ba jhf;fkhdJ

kjpg;gplg;gl;lJ. fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpfspy; gy;capupd tifj;jd;ik kPJ cj;Njr WRDIP apd; xd;Wjpul;ba jhf;fj;jpd; fhz;Gfis ,e;jg; gpupT rku;g;gpf;fpwJ.

tho;tpl gy;tifj;jd;ik

WRDIP apd; fUj;jpl;lg;ghjpg;G gFjpfspy; gy ,aw;if tho;tpl tiffs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. ,itfspy; cs;slq;Ftdthf ntg;gtya <u miug;gr;irf; fhLfs; cyu; fyg;G vg;NghJk; Mw;wq;fiuf; fhLfs; kw;Wk; Gju;epyq;fshFk;. ,e;j tho;tpl tiffspd; xU RUf;fkhd tpgupg;ghdJ fPNo jug;gLfpwJ. tho;tpl tiffspd; tp];jPuzkhdJ xt;nthU cgfUj;jpl;lj;jhYk; ghjpf;fg;gLtjhdJ ml;ltiz 4 - 13 ,y; jug;gLfpwJ.

ntg;gtya miu vg;NghJk; gr;irf;fhLfs;

,e;j %LfhLfs; nghJthf %d;W gilfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd. Nkw;F Ftpif (20-25 m),

cg Nkw; Ftpif (5-10 m) kw;Wk; epyj;jhtuq;fs; vd;gdthFk;. ,e;jtpjkhd fhLfs[u‟

Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; jhtutiffspy; mlq;Ftdthf. Berrya cordifolia (Hal Milla),


154

Pterospermum suberifolium (Welan), Vitex altissima (Milla), Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Dambu),

Stereospermum colais (Dunu madala), Haldina cordifolia (Kolon), Mitragyna parvifolia (Helamba),

Ventilago madraspatana (Yakada Wel), Holoptelea integrifolia (Goda Kirilla), Cipadessa baccifera

(Hal Bebiya), Trema orientalis (Gadumba), Schleichera oleosa (Koon), Morinda coreia (Ahu),

Azadirachta indica (Kohomba), Ficus sp. (Nuga), Ficus microcarpa, Ficus hispida (Kota Dimbula),

Hibiscus vitifolius (Maha Epala), Careya arborea (Kahata), Peltophorum pterocarpum, Bauhinia

racemosa (Maila), Flueggea leucopyrus (Heen Katu Pila), Croton aromaticus (Wel Keppetiya), Bridelia

retusa (Ketakala), Merremia umbellata (Kiri Madu) and Alstonia scholaris (Ruk Attana)

cyu;e;j fyg;G vg;NghJk; gr;irf;fhL

,itfs; tifkhjpupa cyu;tya cr;r fhl;L cUthf;fq;fshFk;. ,q;F

Nkw;FtpifahdJ 20-30 m fis milfpwJ. Nkw;Ftpif gilapd; fPNo cg Nkw;Ftpif

(15 m), k; xU Gjw;gil 5 kPw;wUk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. xU %ypifj; jhtug;gil 1 kPw;wiuAk; fz;Lnfhs;sf;$bajhf cs;sJ. Nkw;FtpifahdJ gpd;tUtdthfpa kutiffis

cs;slf;FfpwJ. ahdJ Manilkara (Palu), Drypetes (Wira), Chloroxylon (Burutha), Alseodaphne

(Wewarana), Berrya (Halmilla), Diospyros (Kaluwara), Schleichera oleosa (Kon), Pterospermum

canescens (Welan), and Vitex altissima (Milla). The sub canopy of the forest is dominated by

Drypetes (Wira) and other medium sized trees such as Diospyros ovalifolia, D. ferrea, Feronia

acidissima, Xylopia nigricans, Nothopegia beddomei, Pleiospermium alatum, Cassia fistula, Bauhinia

racemosa can also be seen in this layer. The shrub lyer comprises of species such as Ochna

lanceolata, Tarenna asiatica, Memecylon angustifolium, M. capitellatum, M. umbellatum, Mallotus

resinosus, Croton laccifer, and Dimorphocalyx glabellus.

Mw;Nwhuhf; fhLfs;

Xilf; fiufs; kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiufspilNa fhzg;gLk; xLq;fpa ePz;l epyg;gug;gpyhd cau;e;j fhLfs; ,itfshFk;. ,e;j tho;tplq;fshdit ePiu tpUk;Gk; kuq;fhsfpa

gpd;tUtdtw;wpd; Mjpf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLfpwJ. Terminalia arjuna (Kumbuk), Madhuca longifolia

(Mi), Pongamia pinnata (Magul Karanda), Ficus racemosa (Attikka), and Nauclea orientalis (Bakmi).

Other species such as Polyalthia longifolia (Owila), Diospyros malabaricum (Timbiri), Mangifera

zeylanica (Etamba), Nothopegia beddome (Bala), Garcinia spicata (Ela gokatu), Diospyros ferrea,

Diospyros montana, Diospyros ovalifolia (Kunumella), Homonoia riparia, Cynometra zeylanica,

Hydnocarpus venenata (Makulu), Barringtonia acutangula, and Vitex leucoxylon, are found in these

forests. Dimorphocalyx glabellus (Weliwenna) is the common understorey species found in the

riverine forests.

Gju;epyq;fs;

Nrid khw;W gapu;r;nra;if iftplg;gl;l ,lq;fs; Gju;epyj; jhtuq;fs; cUthfpd;wd. Nrid gapu;r;nra;if epyj;Jz;Lf;s iftplg;gl;l gpw;ghL NtWgl;l %ypif Kd;Ndhb capu;j;jhtu tiffs; Njhd;wj; njhlq;FtJk; njhlu;r;rpahf ku tiffs; njhlu;e;J tsu;tJk; xU ,uz;lhk; epiyf; fhl;bd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F ,l;L;r;nry;fpwJ. ,J fhyepiyf; fhLfs; rPuope;JNghd gFjpfspy; mNefkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. rPuope;JNghd gFjpfs;; kPz;Lk; ftpiff; fhLfshf xd;Wf;F gpd; xd;whd ,aw;if epfo;Tfspd; Clhf fhLfshtjw;F ePz;lfhyk; vLf;fpwJ> ,e;j ,aw;if tsr; Rou;tpd; Muk;gf; fl;lq;fs; Gju; epyq;fshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j Gju; epyq;fshdit kuq;fs;> %ypiffs;> Gju;

jhtu tiffs; Nghd;w gpd;tUtdtw;wpd; fyg;ig cs;slf;fpadthf cs;sd. Azadirachta

indica, Bauhinia racemosa, Carissa spinarum, Catunaregam spinosa, Dichrostachys cinerea, Flueggea

leucopyrus, Gmelina asiatica, Grewia orientalis, Hugonia mystax, Ichnocarpus frutescens, Lantana


155

camara, Limonia acidissima, Memecylon umbellatum, Phyllanthus polyphyllus, Scutia myrtina,

Syzygium cumini, Toddalia asiatica and Ziziphus oenoplia.

ml;ltiz 4-13 WRDIP I My; ghjpf;fg;gLk; gpujhd ,aw;if tho;tplq;fs;

rhfpa Kiwapd; tif

tp];jPuzk; (n`f;)

cgfUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngau; nkhj;jk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l

J

<u miu vg;NghJk;

gr;irf;fhLfs; 24,191,640

3,540

518

nkhwf;ffe;j*

fSfq;if*

cyu;e;j fyg;G vg;NghJk;

gr;irf;fhLfs; 108,108,440

149

300

1,804

4,990

UE fhy;tha;

NWP fhy;tha;

nkhwf;ffe;j *

fSfq;if *

Mw;wq;fiuf;fhLfs;

2,229,040

25

5

61

kpdpg;Ng vOr;rp

fSfq;if epyePu;

ePu;g;ghij

fSfq;if *

Gju;epyq;fs;

45,957,560

56

50

108

UE fhy;tha;

NWP fhy;tha;

nkhwf;ffe;j *

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l RUf;nfOj;J nrhw;fs;: UE – vyfu Nkw;gFjp, NWP – tlNky; khfhzk; *-

nkhwf;fe;j kw;Wk; fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshtd jw;nghOJ epu;khzpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

WRDIP apdhy; mjw;F epjpaPl;lg;glkhl;lhJ. vt;thwhapDk; ,U ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSk; UEC

f;fhd ,ize;j trjpfshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd.

juT %yq;fs;: MIWRM, 2014a; MIWRM, 2014b; MIWRM, 2014c; NRM, 2008; TEAMS, 1998

WRDIP kw;Wk; ,ize;j trjpfshy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; ,aw;if tho;tplq;fspd; nkhj;j

njhifahdJ 11,606 n`f;NlauhFk;. ,aw;if tho;tplq;fspd; ,og;gpd; nkhj;j

njhifapy; WRDIP fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; tUgitfs; 5% (585 ha) gq;fspg;igNa nra;fpd;wd.

kpFjpahd tho;tplq;fspd; 95% MdJ nkhwf;fe;ij fSfq;if fUj;jpl;lq;fshfpa ,uz;L ngupa ePu;j;Njf;fq;fisAk; xU ngupa msT kPs; FbNaw;wj;ijAk; cs;slf;Ftjhy; Vw;gLtjhf cs;sJ. jw;nghOJ ,itfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;L tUtJld; Mrpa mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd ,izg;G trjpfshfTk; fUjg;gLfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapy; fpilf;ff;$bajhf tho;tplq;fspd; tp];jPuzj;Jld;

xg;gpLk;nghOJ WRDIP kw;Wk; ,ize;j trjpfspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; ,lq;fshtd 0.006%. Mf khj;jpuNk kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

capupd gy;tifj;jd;ik

nkhwf;fe;j kw;Wk; fSfq;if cg fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; cau;thff; fhzg;gLk; capupd gy;tifj;jd;ikahdJ Vid

a fUj;jpl;lq;fSld; xg;gpLk;nghOJ cau;thff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. fUj;jpl;lq;fspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; gFjpahdJ Vida cg fUj;jpl;lq;fshy; Vw;gLtijf; fhl;bYk; mjpfkhdJ vd;gij ,e;j cz;ik fhl;LfpwJ. xt;nthU fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Fj; juTfspd; RUf;fkhdJ ml;ltiz 4-14 ,y;

nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ..


156

ml;ltiz 4-14 NCP f;fhy;tha; fl;lk; I kw;Wk; ,ize;j trjpfspd; xt;nthU cg fUj;jpl;lj;jhYk; ghjpf;fg;gLk; fUj;jpl;lg; ghjpg;G gFjpfspYk; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l jhtu tpyq;Ffspd; xU RUf;fk;

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngau; nkhj;jk;

mg;gFjpf;F cupj;jhdJ tyak; Gyk;ngau; CR EN VU NT

KGP – jhtuk; 401 29 43 0 0 (1) 7 (0) 16 (6) 14 (0)

KGP – tpyq;F 327 51 1 16 5 (0) 5 (11) 17 (1) 19 (3)

MKP - jhtuk; 456 29 71 0 0 (0) 7 (2) 13 (7) 11 (0)

MKP - tpyq;F 272 45 2 12 6 (1) 6 (11) 10 (1) 22 (8)

KMT - jhtuk; 130 13 10 0 0 (0) 3 (0) 7 (4) 10 (0)

KMT - tpyq;F 136 9 0 7 0 (0) 1 (1) 2 (0) 2 (1)

UEC - jhtuk; 174 10 10 0 0 (0) 2 (0) 2 (1) 1 (0)

UEC - tpyq;F 240 17 1 16 0 (0) 3 (4) 3 (4) 7 (4)

NWP - jhtuk; 133 9 3 0 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0)

NWP - tpyq;F 181 15 1 9 0 (0) 5 (4) 2 (2) 6 (8)

MAR - jhtuk; 240 17 62 0 0 (1) 3 (0) 14 (5) 16 (0)

MAR - tpyq;F 147 14 1 1 0 (0) 1 (4) 6 (0) 7 (5)

ghtpf;fg;gl;l RUf;f vOj;Jf;fs;: KGP – fSfq;if fUj;jpl;lk;, MKP – nkhuf;fe;j fUj;jpl;lk;,

KMT –fSfq;if nkhuf;fe;j epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij, UEC – Nky; vyfu fhy;tha;, NWP –tlNky;

khfhzf; fhy;tha; , MAR – kpdpg;Ng mizf;fl;L vOr;rp, CR – fLikahd Mgj;jpYs;sit,

EN – Mgj;jpYs;sit, VU – jhf;fg;glf;$bait, NT – mr;RWj;jYf;F mz;ikapy; cs;sit

juT %yq;fs;: EML, 2011; IUCN, 2007; MIWRM, 2014a; MIWRM, 2014b; MIWRM, 2014c; NRM,

2008; TEAMS, 1998

mr;RWj;jg;gl;l kw;Wk; mg;gFjpf;Nf cupa capupdtif

vy;yhf; cg fUj;jpl;lq;fspYk; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy; vy;yhk 46 mt;tplj;jpw;Fupa jhtutiffs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. ,jpNy Mgj;jpy; cs;sitfshf epuy;gLj;jg;gl;l 10 tiffSk; jhf;fg;glf;$baitfshf epuy;gLj;jg;gl;l 22 tiffSk;> mr;RWj;jYf;F mz;kpj;jitahf epuy;gLj;jg;gl;l 22 tiffSk;> mr;RWj;jg;gl;l capupd tiffspd; Njrpa epuypy; Mff; Fiwe;j mf;fiwAilaitfshf epuy;gLj;jg;gl;l 26

tiffSk; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. (MOE, 2012). NkYk; epuy;gLj;jg;gl;l 46 mt;tplj;jpw;NfAupa capu; tiffspy; fLikahf Mgj;jpYs;stw;wpd; epuypy; 1 ck;> ghtj;jpYs;sitfshf 3 ck;> jhf;fg;glf;$baitfshf 7 ck;. mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupd tiffspy;

cyfshtpa uPjpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd (IUCN, 2014). vy;yh xU capupd tiffSk; cyfshtpa msTNfhypd; gioa gjp;g;gpidg; gad;gLj;jp kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. (gjpg;G 2.3 1996) kw;Wk; vd;gJ ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; cyfshtpa epuypy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l epiyahdJ ,yq;ifj; jhtuq;fisg; nghWj;jtiu fyhtjpahdJk; ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; 46 ,t;tplj;jpw;NfAupa capupd tiffspy; 35 capupd tiffs; cyfshtpa epuypy; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gltpy;iy. MfNt ,e;j epuyp;gLj;jyhdJ Njrpa epuypy; epuy;gLj;JtjhdJ ,yq;ifj; jhtuj;jpd; jw;Nghija ghJfhg;gpd; kpfTk; mjp ek;gpf;iff;Fupa ntspg;gLj;jyhFk;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf ,e;j mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shfpa ,Nj gFjpiar; Nru;e;j cs;Su; jhtuq;fs; 17 tiffspy; 5 Mgj;jpYs;sjhfTk; 12 jhf;fg;glf;$bajhfTk; Njrpa uPjpahf mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shditfshf epuy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. mj;Jld; 17 capu; tiffs; Njrpa

uPjpapy; mz;ikapy; cs;sjhf WRDIP fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J gjpT

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,NjNghyNt WRDIP fUj;jpl;lg;ghjpg;G gFjpfspypUe;J 2 jhtu cs;Su;a capupd tiffSk; cyfshtpa uPjpapy; jhf;fg;glf;$badthf epuy;gLj;jg;gl;L gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.


157

WRDIP apd; xt;nthU fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; xt;nthU jhf;fg;gL gFjpfspYk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l tpyq;FfspilNa 66 ,yq;iff;Nf cupa capupd tiffspy; 7 capupdtiffs; 7 fLikahd Mgj;jpy; ,Ug;gitahfTk;> 9 Mgj;jpy; ,Ug;gdthfTk; 26 jhf;fg;glf;$baitahfTk;> 32 mr;RWj;jYf;F mz;ikapy; cs;sitahfTk; epuy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. mj;Jld; 32 capupd tiffs; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupd tiffspd; Njrpa epuypy; Mff; Fiwe;j mf;fiwAiladthf epuy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

(MOE, 2012). NkYk; 66 ,t;tplj;jpw;NfAupa capupd tiffspy; xd;whdJ fLikahd Mgj;jpw;Fs;shdjhfTk;> 12 Mgj;jpy; ,Ug;gitahfTk;> 11 jhf;fg;glf;$baitahfTk;> 4 mr;RWj;jYf;F mz;ikapy; cs;sitahfTk; 38 cyfhstpa mr;RWj;jYf;Fl;gl;l capupd tiffspy; cyfshtpa uPjpapy; Mff; Fiwe;j mf;fiwAildthfTk;

epuy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. cs;sd. (IUCN, 2014). jhtuq;fisg; nghWj;j tifapy; cyfshtpa epuypy; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;l epiyahdJ ,yq;if tpyq;Ffisg; nghWj;jstpy; fhyhtjpahdjhf cs;sJ. tpNrlkhf ,t;tplj;jpw;Nf cupa capupd tiffspy; toq;fg;gl;l epuypy; Njrpa epuyhdJ jw;Nghija ghJfhg;G epiyapd; kpf ek;gj;jFe;j tpgupg;ghf cs;sJ. NkYk; 66 capupd tiffspy; 39 Mditfs; cyfshtpa epuypy; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gltpy;iy. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf mNjgFjpf;Fupa cs;Siur; Nru;e;j jhtuq;fspy; 12 tiffspy; (4 Mgj;jpYs;sitahfTk;> 8 jhf;fg;glf;$baitahfTk;> Njrpa uPjpapy; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shditfshf epuy;gLj;jg;;gl;bUg;gJld; 23 capupd

tiffs; Njrpa uPjpapy; mr;RWj;jYf;F mz;ikapy; cs;sjhf WRDIP fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,JNghyNt cyfshtpa uPjpapy; mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;l epuypd; 6 cs;Su; jhtu tiffspy; 3 Mgj;jpYs;sitfshfTk;> 3 jhf;fg;glf;$baitfshfTk;) kw;wk; 9 cyfshtpa uPjpapy;

mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shditfshfTk; WRDIP fUj;jpUj;jpl;lg;gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J gjpT

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. (gpd;dpizg;G VI-V) idj; jatnra;J ghu;f;Ff

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l capupd tiffspd; tPr;R

,yq;ifapd; kpfg; ngupa Mw;W tbepykhfpa kfhtyp MWhdhJ 10,448 km2; ePu; rpe;Jk;

gFjpAld; $baJk; jPtpd; nkhj;jg;gFjpapy; 16% ia gpujpepjpj;JtJkhfpa ngupa Mwhf cs;sJ. kfhtyp Mw;wpd; Nky; ePNue;J gFjpahdJ ,yq;ifapd; kpf cau; gy;Yapu;j;jd;ikfspy; xd;wpw;F Mjutspf;fpd;wJ. ef;fps;]; ghJfhg;Gf; fhLfs; NkYk; kfhtyp MW kw;Wk; Vida cau; ePNue;J gpuNjrq;fs; (uj;Njhl;Lt Xah> fS fq;if> njypfK Xah kw;Wk; fk;gut Xah) Mfpa mk;gd; fq;ifapd; MWfs;> ,J kfhtyp Mw;wpd; gpujhd fpis MWfspy; xd;whf ,yq;iff;Nf cupj;jhd gy vz;zpf;ifahd kPd; tiffspd; tho;tplkhf ,Ug;gJld; mitfs; ,e;j ePNue;J gpuNjrq;fSf;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;ldthf cs;sd. vy;yhkhf 11 mjw;NF cupa capupd tiffs; kfhtyp Mw;W tbepyj;jpw;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j capupd tiffs; midj;Jk; fLikahf Mgj;jpy; cl;gl;litahfNth my;yJ Mgj;jpw;F cl;gl;litahfNth

newpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. cz;ikapy; tpgupf;fg;gl;l capupd tifahfpa Calotes pethiyagodai Mfpa mjd; ghJfhg;G epiy jPu;khdpf;fg;glhj capupd tif jtpu;e;j Vida midj;Jk; ,t;thW epuy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. (vt;thwhapDk; jw;NghJ fpilf;ff;$bajhf cs;s juTfspd; mbg;gilapy; ,JTk; fLikahfg; Mgj;jpy; cs;sjhf epuy;gLj;jg;gLk;) ,e;j capupdq;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf kfhtyp Mw;wpy; ,d;Dk; tpgupf;fg;glh capupd tiffspd; vz;zpf;iffis mz;ika Ma;Tfs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. kfhtyp Mw;wpy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l capupd tiffspd; xU epuyhdJ ml;ltiz 4-15

cj;Njr WRDIP apd; jhf;fk; ,e;j capupd tiffspd; kPJ vt;thW cs;sJ vd;w tpku;rdq;fSld; fhzg;gLfpwJ


158

ml;ltiz 4-15 kfhtyp Mw;W tbepyj;jpw;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;l capupd tiffspd; epuy;

FLk;gk; tpQ;Qhdg;ngau; nghJg;ngau; TS NCS GCS Fwpg;Gf;fs;

Cyprinidae Devario aequipinnatus Knuckles Danio E CR LC KG and MK

Cyprinidae Labeo fisheri Common Labeo E CR EN MK

Cyprinidae Laubuca insularis Knuckles labuca E CR NE KG and MK

Cyprinidae Systomus martenstyni Martenstyni's barb E CR EN KG and MK

Cyprinidae Dawkinsia srilankensis Blotched filamented barb E CR CR KG and MK

Dicroglossidae Nannophrys

marmorata

Sri Lankan rock frog E EN VU Not affected

Agamidae Ceratophora tennentii Leaf-nose lizard E CR EN Not affected

Agamidae Cophotis dumbara Knuckles pygmy lizard E CR CR Not affected

Agamidae Calotes pethiyagodai Pethiyagoda’s crestless lizard E NE NE Not affected

Scincidae Chalcidoseps thwaitesii Four-toe snake-skink E CR NE Not affected

Gekkonidae Cyrtodactylus soba Knuckles forest gecko E CR NE Not affected

ghtpf;fg;gl;l RUf;f vOj;Jf;fs;: TS – capupd ngau; njhFg;G epiy, E - mt;tplj;jpw;Nf

cupj;jhditfs; , NCS – Njrpa capupd ghJfhg;G epiy, GCS – cyfshtpa capupd

ghJfhg;G epiy, CR – fLikahf Mgj;;jpYs;sit, EN – Mgj;;jpYs;sit,, VU -

ghjpg;gilaf;$baJ NE – kjpg;gplg;gltpy;iy, KG – fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fk; (WRDIP f;F

cld; ,ize;j trjp ), MK-nkhwf;ffe;ij ePu;j;Njf;fk; (WRDIP f;F cld; ,ize;j trjp)

juT %yq;fs;: Amarasinghe et al., 2014; ARROS, 2005; IUCN, 2014; MOE, 2012; ngj;jpanfhl,

1991; ngj;jpanfhl et al., 2008; rku tpf;fpuk et al., 2006.

kfhtyp Mw;W tbepyj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; 11 tifg;gl;l tPr;Rila capupd tiffspy; 5 ed;dPu; kPd; capupd tiffshdit nkhwf;fe;j kw;Wk; fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshy; ePu;

epuk;g ngWk; gFjpfspy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. WRDIPapd; fPo;tUk; %d;W cg fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpfspd; ,tw;wpy; ,e;j capupd tiffs; vitAk; gjpT

nra;agltpy;iy. ,yq;if mjpfhurig ,yq;if IUCN apd; cjtpAld; cj;Njr nkhwf;fe;j kw;Wk; fSfq;if mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fshy; jhf;fk; Vw;glf;$bajhf ,dk;fhzg;gl;l kPd; capupd tiffis ,lk;khw;Wtjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;ij Vw;fdNt G+u;j;jp nra;J kfhtyp Mw;wpd; Nky; ePNue;J gFjpapd; nghUj;jkhd miktplq;fSf;F mtw;iw ,lkhw;wp tpl;ld.

jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;: ; fSfq;if kw;Wk; nkhwf;fe;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; njhlu;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; epu;khz Ntiyfs; jw;nghOJ mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. (fhL rPuope;j gFjpfspy; kPsf; fhlhf;fy; cl;gl ePu;j;Njf;fk; kw;Wk; fhy;tha; Kiwikfspd;; jilnra;ag;gl;l gFjpfspy; fhlhf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;> rdr%f fhlhf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspd; mwpkfk; Nky; ePu; rpe;Jk; gFjpfspy; fhlhf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; jw;nghOJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; Kf;fpa capupd tiffisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspd; nfhz;L nry;Yk; ,aYikia cau;j;Jtjw;fhf ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspd; tiyg;gpd;dypd; cldb mz;kpj;j gFjpfspy; tho;tplq;fis tskhf;Fjy;> ,uz;L Gjpa ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfis gpufldk; nra;jy kw;Wk; td capu;fspd; efu;it cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ahid eilghijfis epWTJy;> kw;Wk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J Kf;fpakhd capupd tiffis nghUj;jkhd

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpfspd; nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fSf;F ,lkhw;Wjy;. WRDIP apd; fPo; tUk; %d;W


159

cg fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd Kf;fpa gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;J itg;gjw;fhf gpd;tUk; xl;Lnkhj;j Vw;ghLfis fye;JiuahLfpwJ. ,jpy; cs;slq;Ftdthf tho;tplq;fs; ,of;fg;gLjy; efu;Tg;ghzp Fog;gg;gLjy;> fhy;thapy; tpOk; kpUfq;fspdhy;

fhaq;fs; ,wg;Gf;fs; Vw;gLjy; (,J NWP kw;Wk; UEC cg fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F khj;jpuk; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;) kdpj ahid Kuz;ghL ngupjhjy; kw;wk; fPo; ePNuhl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk;

FiwT vd;gdthFk;. (kpdpg;Ng vOr;rp fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; ,J nghUj;jkhdjhFk;).

tho;tplq;fspd; ,og;G: %d;W cg fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; fPohd fpl;lj;jl;l 1000 n`f;Nlau; fhzpapid kPs fhlhf;Fk;; ,yf;Fld; xU tho;tpl epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; nghWg;ngLf;fg;gl;lJ. (Nky; vyfu fhy;thapd; fPo; 500 n`f;Nlau;> tl Nky; khfhzf; fhy;thapd; fPo; 350

n`f;Nlau;> kpdpg;Ng LB fhy;thapd; GdUj;jhuz fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 145 n`f;Nlau;) xl;Lnkhj;j gy;tif capupd jd;ikia ,uz;L <Lnra; tpfpjkhf rhjpj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; nghWg;ngLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; gpujhd ,yf;fhdJ rPuope;JNghd fhLfis GdUj;jhuzk; nra;tJ my;yJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpf;Fs;shf fhl;L tsu;g;Gf;fis kPsf;

fhlhf;fYf;F nghWg;ngLg;gjhFk;. (kpd;Ndupa fpupj;jiyapy; 250 n`f;Nlau;> `fy – gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpy; 350 n`f;Nlau;) ,J mjpfupj;j tho;tpl rpf;fYf;F ,l;Lr;nry;tJld; mjd; %yk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspd; nfhz;L nry;Yk; ,aYikia mjpfupf;Fk;. ,jd; %yk; tho;tplq;fspd; ,og;gpid mJ <L nra;J nfhs;Sk;. ,e;jf; Fs ePNue;J gpuNjrq;fspd; GdUj;jhuz Kaw;rpfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf Fs ePNue;J gpuNjrq;fspd; GdUj;jhuzkhdJ Fsq;fs; gbe;JNghtijf; Fiwf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; nghWg;ngLf;fg;gLfpwJ. mj;Jld; mtw;wpy; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,aYikiaAk; ,J mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;. fhlhf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; 3 Mk; Nehf;fkhdJ tho;tplq;fs; cilf;fg;gLtijj; jtpu;g;;gjw;fhf ,Uf;ff;$ba ghJfhg;G ,lq;fis ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;JtjhFk;. mt;tz;zkhd re;ju;g;gkhdJ kpdpg;Ng

LB fhy;thapy; khj;jpuNk mopf;fg;gLfpwJ. mq;Nf %d;W Kf;fpa

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fshfpa ngau; Fwpg;gpLk;nghOJ tpf;Nuhwpah – ue;njdpf;fy -uj;jk;Ng ruzhyak;> ef;fps;]; ghJfhg;Gf;fhLfs;> t];nfhKt Njrpa G+q;fh Mfpa %d;iwAk; ,izf;ff;$ba Mw;wq;fiuf; fhLfis cUthf;Ftjw;F fhy;tha; ghJfhg;G kPsf; fhlhf;fYf;F nghWg;ngLg;gjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Clhl;l topfspy; Fog;gKk; fhy;tha;fspy; tpOtjpdhy; tpyq;FfSf;F ,wg;G Vw;gLjYk;

my;yJ fhak; Vw;gLjYk;: Nky; vyfu fhy;tha; kw;Wk; tlNky; khfhzf; fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lkhdit ePz;l ePskhd jpwe;jfhy;tha;fis epWTtJld; rk;ge;jg;gLtjpdhy; kpUfq;spd; tpNrl efUk; jd;ik Fiwe;j kpUfq;fspd; ,af;fj;ijf; Fog;GfpwJ. NkYk; kpUfq;fs; fhy;tha;fspy; tpOtjpdhy; mtw;Wf;F ,wg;Ngh my;yJ fhaNkh

Vw;gl;ljhf ,dk;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J ePz;lfhy;tha;fshfpa MIWRM,dhy; Vw;fdNt ,af;fg;gLk; ePz;lfhy;tha; rpytw;wpd; gpujhd jhf;fq;fspy; xd;whf ,dk;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. MfNt fhy;tha; tbtikg;ghdJ fhy;thapd; FWf;Nf kpUfq;fs; ghJfhg;ghf flg;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> fhy;tha;f;Fs; tpOk; kpUfq;fs;

fhy;thapypUe;J ghJfhg;ghf ntspNaWtjw;F trjpg;gLj;Jtw;Fkhf 500 m ,ilntspapy; fhy;thapd; jpwe;j gpupTfis fl;likg;Gf;fspy; fhy;tha; tbtikg;ghdJ cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

Kdpjahid Kuz;ghL mjpfupj;jy;: WRDIP d; %d;W cgfUj;jpl;lq;fs;

xt;nthd;wpd; fPOk; kdpj – ahid Kuz;ghL mf;fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; Vw;gLk; nghOJk; FWfpafhy jPu;it toq;Fk; nghUl;L gzk; xJf;fg;gLfpwJ. kdpj-ahid Kuz;ghlhdJ gue;Jgl;l xU murpay; r%fg; gpur;rpidahfTk; ePz;lfhyj; jPu;g;ig Ntz;b epw;gjhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gJ ftdpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. MfNt

MIWRM (jw;nghOJ MMD&E) MdJ WRDIP d; fPohd cj;Njr ePu; ts mgptpUj;jpapDhlhf vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; xl;Lnkhj;j ed;ikfis mile;Jnfhs;tij kdpj-ahid Kuz;ghL jLj;Jtplf;$lhJ vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf cj;Njr

WRDIP d; fPohd gapuply; ghzpapy; xUkhw;wj;ij mDgtpf;Fk; KOg;


160

gFjpfSf;Fk; cs;shf xU ePz;l kdpj-ahid Kuz;ghl;L Kfhikj;Jt je;jpNuhghaj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fnkd ,yq;if

IUCNClhf xU Ma;it Vw;fdNt nghWg;ngLj;Js;sJ.

fPo;Nehf;fpaePu;g;gha;r;rypy; FiwT: WRDIP d; %d;W cgfUj;jpl;lq;fspy; xd;wpy; khj;jpuNk ,e;jjhf;fk; ,lk;ngWk; (kpdpg;NgvOr;rp). Vnddpy; cj;Njrf;

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ kpdpg;Ng LB kw;Wk; RB fhy;tha;fspy; mjpf ePiug; gpupg;gjd; tpisthf ,J Vw;gLfpwJ. ,jd;tpisthf kpdpg;Ng mizf;fl;L kw;Wk; kfhtyp MW kw;Wk; gJyXah Mfpa ,uz;bd; re;jpw;Gf;F ,ilapyhd fpl;lj;jl;l 6.5 fp.kP ePskhd gFjpahdJ Fiwe;j Xl;lj;jpw;F cl;gLk;. NkYk; ,J Mw;wpd; <u Rw;wfyg; gFjpfspYk; xU Fiwg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,e;j ,uz;L jhf;fq;fSkhtd Mw;wpd; ,e;j Jz;Lg;gFjpapy; thOk; ePu;j; jhtu tpyq;Ffspd; mlu;j;jpahf thOk; njhifapy; Fiwit Vw;gLj;Jk;. MfNt Mw;wpd; rhfpatpay; jd;ikiag; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf xU Rw;whly; gha;r;ry; tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. fle;j 50 Mz;Lfshf ,e;j ghjpf;fg;gl;lgFjpapd; ePu;g;gha;r;riy fzf;nfLj;J ePu;r;rkepiy Ma;tpd; gpufhuk; kpdpg;Ng mizf;fl;bypUe;jhd rpe;jy;fspy; Rw;whly; gha;r;ry; topNa

Mff;Fiwe;jJ Mw;wpd; ruhrupg; gha;tpd; 28%

MdJMw;Wf;FtpLtpf;fg;gLtJcWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. NkYk; xUrpwpa(0.5 kP) mizf;fl;lhdJ kpdpg;Ng mizf;fl;bd; ,g;gha;r;rypd; kfhtyp Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. mjd; %yk; Rw;whly; gha;r;ry; tpLtpg;ghdJ <ur;Rw;Wtya Mw;wpd; gFjpahdJ jw;Nghija kl;lj;jpypUe;J jPbnud;W FiwahjpUg;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Mw;Wg; gLf;ifapd; FWf;Nf gutr; nra;ag;gLk;. Mw;wpy; jw;NghJs;s ePuf capupdq;fshdit mtw;wpd; gq;fPl;by; tPo;r;rpaile;J Nghfhnjd;gijAk; ku;rPu; Nghd;w ngupakPd; ,dq;fSf;F Mjutspf;ff; $ba Mw;Wf;Fs;shd Mokhd jlhfq;fis njhlu;r;rpahfg; Gj;jhf;fg;gLtij ,J cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; ,jd; epkpj;jkhf mt;tz;zkhd ePu;f;Fd;Wj; jlhfq;fspYs;s ePupd; msTk; juKk; kpdpg;Ng vOr;rpapd; G+u;j;jpapd; gpw;ghLk; gpujhd Mw;wpypUe;J ePupd; guTif mjpfupg;gjd; %yk; me;jjlhfq;fspYs;s ePu; tPo;r;rpaile;J NghfhjpUg;gijAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jk;.

KbTfs;: WRDIP d; cj;Njr %d;W cgfUj;jpl;lq;fshdit kfhtyp Mw;Wtbepyj;jpw;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;l mg;gFjpf;F kl;Lk; cupj;jhdJk; kw;Wk; fLk; Mgj;jpw;Fs;shdJk; my;yJ Mgj;;jpw;Fs;shdJk; kfhtypfq;ifapd; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ve;jnthU tpyq;fpdq;fs; kPJk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jkhl;lhJ.

Semnopithecusvetulus (ehty; ,iyKff; Fuq;F) MdJ WRDIP fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; gFjpapd; cs;Su; Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd xNunahU tpyq;fpdkhfg; gjpag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j capupdkhdJ tlNky; khfhzf; fhy;tha; cg fUj;jpl;l fl;lisg;gFjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld; cj;Njr mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfshdit ,e;j capupdk; kPJ ve;j jhf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jhJ Vnddpy; ,J ,t; capupdj;jpw;F ve;jtpjkhd tho;tpl ,og;Gk; tpistpg;gjpy;iy. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf ehd;F cs;Su; Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd

capupdtiffshtd Elephasmaximus (Mrpaahid), Prionailurusviverrinus

(kPd;gpbG+id), Pantherapardus (rpWj;ij) and Melursusursinus (Nrhk;gy; fub).

Mrpaahidfs; jtpu;e;j Vida Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd capupdq;fs; ghJfhg;gplq;fspy; gpujhdkhf ,lk;ngWtJld; cj;Njr mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLfshdit ,e;j capupd tiffs; vtw;wpdJk; tho;tplq;fspd; fzprkhd Fiwg;gpid tpistpf;fhJ.


161

ePu;g;gz;gpay;

cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lkhfpa (ePu;ts mgptpUj;jp KjyPl;L epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; -WRDIP) fSfq;if

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J nkhwf;fe;ij ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F 35 cumec ,aYikia khw;wpaikf;Fk;

fSfq;if - nkhwf;ffe;j khw;Wiff; fhy;tha; (KMTC) kw;wk; nkhwf;fe;ijapypUe;J

fpUYntt tpepNahfg;Gs;sp NCP fhy;tha; fPo; ePuhl;lj;jpw;F 40 cumec ,aYikiaf;

nfhz;LtUk; Nky; vyfu fhy;tha; (UEC) kw;Wk; tlNky; khfhzf; (NWPC) fhy;tha; vd;w %d;W ngUk; vLj;Jr;nry;Yiffis cs;slf;FfpwJ. ,e;j jpirjpUg;Giffs; ue;njdpfy - fSfq;if ePu;khw;Wif kw;Wk; fypq;f EtutpYs;s jpirjpUg;gk; Nghd;w fUj;jpl;l tPr;rpw;F mg;ghyhd Vida jpirjpUg;gq;fs; rhj;jpakhfpd.

KjyhtJ jpirjpUg;gy; Gs;spahfpa ue;njdpfy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpy; ckhXhatpd; 180 MCM

MdJ ue;njdpfyTf;F jpirjpUg;g gLfpwJ. mj;Jld; ue;njdpfytpy; ,Ue;J 555 MCM

MdJ cj;Njr ue;njdpfy – fSfq;if khw;wy;fhy;tha;f;F jpirjpUg;gg;gLfpwJ. Canal

(RKTC), ,J me;j jpirjpUg;gy; Gs;spapd; nkhj;j fpilf;ff;$ba gha;r;rypd; 24% MFk;.

RKTC MdJ cj;Njr fryf;f kw;Wk; fPd;fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; rf;jpg; gha;r;rypy;

,Ue;J mjpfupf;fg;gLtJld; tUlhe;jk; fSfq;iff;fhd nkhj;j jpirjpUg;Gifia 660

MCM f;F mjpfupf;fpwJ. cj;Njr ePu; ,iwj;jy; epiyakhdJ fypq;f Etutpd; gha;tpy;

10% ia vLj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ. (kfhtyp Mw;wpd; kpdpg;Ngapd; fPo; ePNuhl;lg;ghijapy; mike;Js;sJ.) ,J mq;nkbytpy; Nkyjpf gha;r;rypy; ,Ue;J toq;Fk; mNjNtisapy; vyfu kpd;Ndupa Nahj vyTf;F 245 MCM ia khw;wpaDg;GfpwJ.

kpdpg;Ng mizf;fl;by; tUlhe;jk; 900 MCM Nkyjpfkhd ePu; (2005-2010) rpe;Jtjhf

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ePz;lfhy ruhrup rpe;JifahdJ tUlj;jpw;F 1,000 MCM f;F

mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ((1970-2010). ue;njdpfytpYs;s ,e;j jpirjpUg;gkhfTk; kdpg;Ng mizf;fl;bd; vOr;rpapd; epkpj;jkhfTk; kpdpg;Ng mizf;fl;bd; tUlhe;j rpe;JifahdJ ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpw;ghL 278 MC Mf FiwAk;. IEE

mwpf;iffspd; rpghu;Rfis vLj;jhz;Lnfhz;L Fiwe;jgl;rk; 8 cumecs MdJ mt; mizf;fl;Lf;F cs;spizf;fg;gl;Ls;s tz;ly; ntspg;gLj;jpfspy; ,Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.

fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ guhf;fpuk rKj;jpuj; jpl;lj;jpw;F (PSS) mjdJ 50% ePu;kl;lj;ij

Nrkpg;G kl;lkhfg; NgZtjw;Fk; mjdJ gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpia 200% Mfg;

NgZtjw;Fkhf me; ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F Nghjpa ePiu tpLtpf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

NWP fhy;thahdJ Nghtw;Wd epyf;fPo; Ruq;fg; ghijapd; fPo; ePNuhl;lg;ghijapy; jk;Gs;s

Xahtpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 130 MCM ePiuAk; ehye;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;Jk;

jpirjpUg;GfpwJ. ePuhdJ `fy;y – gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpy; ,U ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; Nrkpf;fg;gLtJld; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpia mjpfupg;gjw;fhf rpwpa kw;Wk; ,ilj;juf; Fsq;fspd; ePu; tpepNahfj;ij mjpfupg;gjw;fhf `f;tw;Wd kw;Wk; Nky; kpdpXahTf;F tpLtpf;fg;gLfpwJ..

fypq;f EtutpYs;s cj;Njr ePu; ,iwf;Fk; epiyakhdJ kfhtypapd; gha;tpypUe;J 10% ia kpdpg;Ngapd; fPo; ePNuhl;lg; ghijapy; mike;Js;s miktplj;jpypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpwJ. xt;nthU tUlKk; kiof;fhyj;jpd;nghOJ mq;fnkbytpy; ,Ue;J rpe;Jk; kpjkpQ;rpa gha;tpypUe;J ,e;j ePupd; msthdJ ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. fypq;f Etutpy; Mw;Wg;NgZif gha;r;ryhf tbtikg;gpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Fiwe;jgl;rkhfpa4.25

cumecs (MCB, 2012c). cs;sJ. mq;fnkby;y gha;thdJ ,e;j jpirjpUg;gq;fspd;

epkpj;jkhf 398 MCM - 306 MCM/annum Fiwf;fg;gLfpwJ.

UEC ,Ue;jhd jpirjpUg;gy;fs; kfhtyp Kiwik IH kw;Wk; MH ,w;Fk; ed;ik mdpg;gJld; mj;Jld; kP Xah ePu;tbepyk; kP Xah tbepyj;jpd; `f;tw;Wd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj; jpl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd; ePu;g;gw;whf;Fiw cs;s Nky; nrd;wilTg; Gs;spfis cs;slf;fpa NWP apd; tptrha kw;Wk; FbePu;j;Njitg;ghLfis mjpfupf;fTk; nra;Ak;. rpwpa Fsq;fspy; itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; Nkyjpf ePuhdJ epyePu; tsq;fis mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;.


162

cj;Njr jpirjpUg;g Gs;spfspyhd jpirjpUg;gq;fshdJ Mw;Wg;NgZif gha;r;riy mjpfupg;gJld; vjpu;fhyf; Nfs;tpfs; kw;Wk; Rw;whly; NjitfSf;fhd toq;fy;fSld; fPo;ePNuhl;l Efu;Tg;ghtidia cs;lf;fpatw;Wf;fhfTk; mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. cj;Njr jpirjpUg;gy; gha;ifahdJ ue;njdpfy> fSfq;if> nkhwf;fe;j ePu;j;Njf;fq;fis ,izg;gJld; xOq;FgLj;jy; kw;Wk; Nrkpg;Gf;fhf 2000 MCM Nrkpg;Gf;F Nkyhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ePu;g;ghrd Kiwikfs;> ahy Nghfj;jpd;nghOJ gapu;r;nra;if gy;tifj;jd;ik> tpidj;jpwdhd ePu; Kfhikj;Jtj;ij Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; Nghd;w vy;yh ngUk; ePu;g;ghrd KiwikfSf;Fkhd jpirjpUg;gy; toptiffs; (xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l khw;wPl;L Kiwfspd; mwpKfkhdJ fhyepiy khw;wj;jpw;F vjpuhd Kiwikapaypd; ,aYikia mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;. fypq;f Etutpy; ePu; ,iwf;fg;gLtij Nrkpg;G ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspe; ePu;kl;lj;ijg; ghJfhg;ghfg; NgZtjw;fhf tul;rp epiyikfspd; fPOk; ngUk;Nghfj;jpw;Fk; tp];jupf;fg;gLtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;l tbtikg;gpy; Rw;whly; gha;r;rypd; vz;zf;fUthdJ Mw;Wg; NgZifg; gha;r;ryhf $l;bizf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; Nghjpa ePu;tsj;ijg; NgZtjw;Fj; Njitg;gLk; Fiwe;jgl;r ePu; ntspg;gLj;jpahf tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gLtJld; gha;r;ry; msT> ePu;j;juk;> ePuf rhfpaKiw kw;Wk; fhl;rp Mw;wpYk; Mw;iwr; #oTKs;s fhy;eilfs;; midj;jpdJk; Njitg;ghLfs; fly;ePu; cl;GFif thapy; milj;jiyj;jLj;jy;> epyePu; ghj;jpfs;> ePu;nry;Yk; ghijapYs;s kf;fspd; cupikfs; vd;gw;wpd; Njitg;ghLfisAk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; epiwNtw;Wtjhf tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. juTfspd; epr;rakpd;ik jd;ikfs; kw;Wk; Nghjpajw;w jd;ikfis guprPypj;J fzpg;gPl;bd; iff;nfhs;sg;gl;l nrad;KiwahdJ Fiwe;jgl;r khjhe;j gha;r;riyf; fzpg;Gf;F vLf;fpwJ. ,J xd;W jpul;ba jhf;fq;fs; kPjhd mwpf;ifapd; VII ,y; tpgupf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ngupa jpirjpUg;gy;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf NWPC kw;Wk; UEC Mfpad gy rpwpa ePNuhilfis ClWf;fpd;wd. ePu;r;rkepiyahdJ ,e;j ePNuhilfspy; ,Ue;J ve;j cl;gha;r;riyAk; vjpu;ghu;f;fhky; jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ. mNefkhd rkaq;fspy; ,e;j ePNuhilfshdit tbfhy; fPo; flg;Gf;fshy; tbfhy; Nky;flg;Gf;fshy; kw;Wk; fhy;tha; ,izg;Gf;fs; kPjhd fl;L tha;f;fhy;fspdhy; FWf;Ftop ,izg;G nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. flitfs; fhzg;gLk; nghOnjy;yhk; flitfspd; rpe;J kpFjpj; jz;zPu; tope;NjhLk; tbfhy;fs; njhlu; ,izg;Gf; fhy;tha;fshy; mitfs; cwpQ;rg;glhjgbf;F ePNuhilg; gha;r;riyf; flj;jf;$batifapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

NCP f;fhd fhy;tha; NWP fhy;tha; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; NCP kw;Wk; NWP apy; mike;Js;s rpwpa Fsj;njhFjp KiwikfSf;F mjpfupj;j ePiu toq;FfpwJ. Guhjd fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,e;jf; Fsq;fshdit ney; ePNuhl;lf; Fsq;fspypUe;J jpUk;gptUk; gha;Tfisg; gad;gLj;jpaJld; mtw;iw gad;gLj;Jk; gFjpfspYs;s gapu;fSf;F fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp tpepNahfpj;jd. NCP kw;Wk; NWP fhy;tha;fshdit ky;tj;J Xah> gwq;fpahW>

ghypahW>fdfuhad; MW> kh Xah> kw;Wk; ahd; xah (UEC kw;Wk; NCP) fhy;tha;fs;

kw;Wk; kP Xah> `f;tw;Wd Xah /njJW Xah> (NWP fhy;tha;) vd;gtw;wpy; rpwpa Fs ePu;g;ghrd Kiwikfis Neubahf mjpfupj;J ,Ue;jd. ,e;j Mw;W tbepyq;fspy; ePupd; fpilf;fg;ngW jd;ikahdJ Neubj; jpirjpUg;gq;fspd; epkpj;jk; mjpfupf;fr; nra;ag;gLtJld; mj;Jld; Neubahfg; gaDWk; jpl;lq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gapu; ePUf;Fg; gpw;ghL tpistpf;fg;gLk; jpUk;gptUk; gha;Tk; mjpfupf;fg;gLk;. vt;thwhapDk; rpWNghfj;jpd;nghOJ VjhtJ mjpfkhd jpUk;gptUk; gha;T ,Uf;Fk; vd;gjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fs; FiwT. Vnddpy; ePu;r;rkepiy Ma;Tfshfpa MCB My; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l

ePu;r;rkepiy Ma;Tfshditfs; NCPC kw;Wk; NWPC apdhy; toq;fg;gLk; ePuhdJ me;j

fhyg;gFjpapy; fl;lisg;gFjpapd; fpilf;f Ntz;ba gFjpapd; 80% f;F khj;jpuNk NghJkhdJ vdf; fhl;LfpwJ.

ehl;bd; ,g;gFjpapYs;s ghiw ntspg;gilahdJ Nkw;gug;G ePupd; kPJ fdkhf ek;gpapUg;gJld; rpwpa Fsq;fspy; itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; ePUk; jpUk;gptUk; gha;Tk; epyePu; %yq;fis mjpfupf;fr; nra;tJld; tpNrlkhf cyu; tyaj;jpYk; mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;. ngUk;Nghfj;jpd;nghOJ mjpf kioePu; fpilf;Fk; fhyq;fspy; epyePuhdJ epyq;fspy; kioahYk; Nkw;gug;G ePupdhYk; Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j tifapy; epePu; kl;lq;fshdit nghJthf ngUk;Nghfj;jpy; cau;thf ,Ug;gJld; NCP/NWP f;fhy;tha; jpirjpUg;gq;fs; kiofhyj;jpd;nghOJ fzprkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$ba rhj;jpak;


163

cs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; NCP/NWP f;fhy;tha; MdJ rpWNghfj;jpYk; epyePu; kl;lq;fis mjpfupf;fr; nra;J ePu; jl;Lg;ghl;bd;nghOJ rpukg;gLk; J}uj;J Kbtpy; ,Uf;Fk; tptrhapfSk; ,e;j ePu; %yq;fspy; ,Ue;J ePiug; ngWtjpd; %yk; ed;ikngwr; nra;fpwJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf epyePuhdJ tPl;Lj; NjitfSf;fhfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,ijnahj;j jpirjpUg;gy; fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;Tfshdit jpirjpUg;gy;fspd; gpw;ghL epyePu; kl;lq;fs; mjpfupj;Js;sijf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. Mdhy; ePu;g;ghrdq;fSf;Fg; gpw;ghL ePu;g;ghrdg; gFjpfspy; mitfs; tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sd. NCP/NWP fhy;tha;fshy; ed;ikaile;j rpwpa Fsj;njhlu;r;rpfs; ,Njtifahf nraw;gLtjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. FsePu; kl;lq;fshdit rpWNghfj;jpd; Kbtpd;nghOJ tPo;r;rpailtjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fs; cs;sd. MfNt cau;thd epyePu; kl;lq;fis tUlk;G+uhfTk; vjpu;ghu;f;f KbahJ. ePu; milj;Jg;Nghjy; cg;ghjy; Nghd;w gpur;rpidfs; ,t;tifahd jpirjpUg;gy;fspypUe;J mwpf;ifaplg;gltpy;iy. mj;Jld; ntypXah> kh MW Nghd;w rpwpa Fs ngUg;gpg;Gf;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; ,t;thwhd gpur;rpidfs; mwpf;ifaplg;gltpy;iy. vt;thwhapDk; fUj;jpl;l mKy;gLj;jYf;Fg; gpw;ghL jpUk;gptUk; gFg;gha;tpd; ePuhdJ fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; fz;fhzpf;fg;gLtJld; mjpfupj;j gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpiaAk; gapupd; gy;tifj;jd;ik Cf;Ftpg;igGk; guprPypj;J jpUk;gp tUk; ePu;g;gha;r;rypd; ePu;gha;tpd; jukhdJ fz;fhzpf;fg;gLtjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

4.12 jhf;fg; gFg;gha;T

Rw;Wr; #oypy; NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; jhf;fq;fspd; xU kjpg;gPlhdJ jw;NghJs;s jfty;fs; kw;Wk; epGzu;fspd; Ma;Tfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lnfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ml;ltiz 4-16 MdJ Rw;whly; kPjhd fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfspd; jhf;fq;fspd; epGzj;Jt kjpg;gPl;bid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jhf;fq;fis gFg;gha;T nra;tjw;fhd xU vspa jhf;f mikTUf;fhl;bia tpgupf;fpwJ. ,e;j mikTUf;fhl;bahdJ Rw;whlypd; ve;j cl;$Wfisf; fz;Lgpbg;gjw;F cjTtJld; ,e;j r%fj; jhf;fq;fs; kpfTk; fLikahdit vdf; fz;Lgpbf;fTk; cjTfpwJ.

ml;ltizapYs;s tupirfs; ghjpf;fg;gl;l #oypd; ngsjPf rhfpatpay;> GijnghUspay; mk;rq;fisr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. ml;ltizapd; epuy;fshdit fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; cl;$Wfis Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. jhf;fj;jpd; fLikj;jd;ikahdJ gpd;tUkhW

Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gLfpwJ;

H – kpfTk; fzprkhdJ, M – XusT fzprkhdJ, L – Fiwe;j fzprkhd jd;ik, - No jhf;fk;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.


164

cU4-3,lj;jpw;Fr; nry;yf;$ba tPjpfSk; Kfhk; gFjpfSk;


165

cU 4-4 GSMB fw;Fopg; gFjpfs; tpgupf;fg;gl;lJ


166

cU 4-5 %yg;nghUs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l gFjpfSk; nfhl;Lifg; gFjpfSk;


167

ml;ltiz 4-16 jhf;f mikTf;fhl;b

ngUk; Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fSk; tlNky; khfhzf; fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd mtw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;JtKk;

H- kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ, M-XusT Kf;fpakhdJ, L-Fiwe;j Kf;fpaj;JtKilaJ

jhf;f cl;;$Wfs;

jpwe;j Nfhl;L

fhy

;tha

; gpupTfs;

ntl;Lk; %ly;

gpupTfs;

kz; fhy

;tha

; gpupTfs;

ePu;j;Njf;fq;s;

flitf;

FWf;fPLfs;

epyf;fPePu;g;ghi

j

ntbf;f

itj;jy;

Epyf;fPo;

ePu;g;ghi

j

thry;fs;

fl;likg;Gf;fs;

epu;khz

g;gFjp

fs;

njho

pyhs

u; trjpfs;

%yg;nghU

l;f

is

ngw;Wf;nfhs

;Sk; gFjpfs;

Nrd;wiltjw;fh

d tPjpfs;

mfw;wp jPu;f;Fk;

gFjpfs;

kPs;

FbNaw;wq;fs;s

ngsjPf tsq;fs; kz;zupg;G M L M M L L M M M L M M H L Nkw;gug;G ePu; khriljy; L L L L L L L L L L L L M L tsp khriljy; L L L L L M M L M L M M L - fdpatq;fs; L L L L L L L L L L L L L L rha;T tpoy; L L L M L M - L L L L L L L tbfhy; ghq;F M M M M M - L L L L M M M L epyePu; ghj;jpfs; L L L - M H L L L L M L L L epyePu; khriljy; L - L M L M - - M H M - M - Rw;whly; gha;r;ry; - - M M M - - ,iur;rYk;; mjpu;Tk; L L L M L M M L M L L M L L

rhfpatpay; tsq;fs; tho;tplq;fs; ,of;fg;gly;> ,lk; gpupe;Nghjy; kw;Wk; rPuope;JNghjy;

L L L M L - L L L L L L L L

jiuj;; jhtuq;fs; tpyq;Ffs; L L L M L - L L L L L L L L ePu;j;jhtuq;fSk; tpyq;FfSk; - - - - L - - - - - - - - - Kf;fpakhd tho;tplq;fs; - - L L - - - - - - - - - -

mUikahd/mNjaplj;jpw;Fupj;jhd capupd tif

- - - L - - - - - - - - - -

mr;RWj;jYf;Fs;shd capupd tiffs; - - - L - - - - - - - - - -


168

jhf;f cl;;$Wfs;

jpwe;j Nfhl;L

fhy

;tha

; gpupTfs;

ntl;Lk; %ly;

gpupTfs;

kz; fhy

;tha

; gpupTfs;

ePu;j;Njf;fq;s;

flitf;

FWf;fPLfs;

epyf;fPePu;g;ghi

j

ntbf;f

itj;jy;

Epyf;fPo;

ePu;g;ghi

j

thry;fs;

fl;likg;Gf;f

s;

epu;khz

g;gFjp

fs;

njho

pyhs

u; trjpfs;

%yg;nghU

l;f

is

ngw;Wf;nfhs

;Sk; gFjpfs;

Nrd;wiltjw;fh

d tPjpfs;

mfw;wp jPu;f;Fk;

gFjpfs;

kPs;

FbNaw;wq;fs;

s

rhfpatpay; tsq;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfs; - - L M - - - - - - - - - - kpUfq;fspd; Gyk;ngau; topg;ghijfs; L - L L - - - - - - - - - -

gy;Yapupdj;jd;ik ,og;G/rhfpaKiw njhopw;gLjy;

L L L M L - L L L - L L L L

kdpj ahid Kuz;ghL - - - L - - - - - - - - - L me;epa ntspg;Gw capupd tiffshy; mr;RWj;jy;fs;

- - - L - - - - L L L L L -

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfSf;F mjpfupj;jstpy; nry;yf;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;

- - L L - - - - - - - L - -

r%f fyhrhu mk;rq;fs; rdr%fq;fspd; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G L L L L L - - L L L L L M L rdr%fq;fspd; r%f xl;LwT Fok;Gjy; L L L L L L L L L M L L L M

njhopyhsu;fspd; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G mk;rq;fs;

njhopy;Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G L L L L L M M L M L L L M L

GijnghUspay; kw;Wk; fyhrhu tsq;fs; Neubj; jhf;fq;fs; L L L M L L L L L L L L L - gz;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gFjpfspd; fsTk; ehrNtiyAk;

- - - - L L L L L L L - - -

vjpu;ghu;f;fhj epfo;Tfs; MNuhf;fpak; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfs; L L L L L L L L L M L L L L epu;khzk; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfs; L L L M L M M L L L - - - -


169

5. cj;Njr jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;

EIA apd;nghOJ Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%fj; jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf Vw;ghLfs;

Vw;gl;Ls;sjhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. mitfshtd:

ghjpf;fg;gLk; Ml;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf fhy;tha; epyq;fs; kPJ tPLfs; tUtijj; jLg;gjw;F fhy;tha; kj;jpf; NfhlhdJ khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. kPsf; FbNaw;wy; FOtpduhy; ,J ,g;nghOJ rhjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

GijnghUspay; gFjpfs; kPJ Vw;gLk; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf fhy;tha; kj;jpaNfhlhdJ khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;lJ. fhy;tha; kj;jpa NfhlhdJ ePyfk Guhjd

Nfhapy; kPJ Vw;gLk; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf khw;wg;gl;lJ.

fhy;thapd; gy;NtW nrd;wilTfs; jpwe;j fhy;thapypUe;J %ba Foha;fshf khw;Wtjw;F fhy;thapd; fiufspYs;s kf;fSf;fhd Fog;gq;fisf; Fiwf;Fk;

nghUl;L mt;thW nra;tjw;F jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

ngsjPf tsq;fs;

5.1 jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; - ePu;g;gz;gpay; kw;Wk; ePu;j;juk;

mk;gd; fq;ifapy; ePu;g;gz;gpay; khw;wq;fspd; jLg;G

jpl;lkply; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ xU tpgukhd ePu;r;rkepiy Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. cj;Njr ePu; gq;fply; tupg;glkhdJ ,t;twpf;ifapd; cU 2-4 ,y; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. ehye;ijapd;

Nrkpg;ghdJ mizf;fl;L GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gl;lJld; G+u;t ,aYikahfpa 15.3

MCM ,w;F mjpfupj;j epiyehl;lg;gl;lJ. ,J cyu;fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJk; mjpfupj;j jpirjpUg;gj;ij ,ayr; nra;Ak;.

Kiwikfs; H, MH kw;Wk; IH vd;gtw;Wf;fhd UEC Clhf jpirjpUg;gq;fshtd

nkhwf;fe;j kw;Wk; fSfq;if ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; G+u;j;jpf;F gpw;ghL mjpfupf;Fk; vd

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. tbtikg;gpy; cs;spizf;fg;gl;lthwhf ehye;ijapypUe;J NWP f;fhd

jpirjpUg;gyhdJ UEC epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l gpw;ghL khj;jpuNk Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;.

kP Xah kw;Wk; `f;tw;Wdhtpy; ePu;g;gz;gpay; khw;wq;fspd; jzpg;G

Nkw;gb gpuptpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthwhf jw;Nghija ePu; tpepNahfq;fis mjpfupg;gjw;fhf mgptpUj;jpfs; tbtikf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Rw;whly; gha;r;ry; ve;jf; FiwTk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy. ePu;r;rkepiy Ma;Tfshdit jpirjpUg;gy; NjitnadTk; khjq;fspd;nghONj mJ rhj;jpakhdJ vdTk; fhl;Lfpd;wd. MfNt ,e;j ,ay;igAk; ,e;j msitAk; nfhz;l jpirjpUg;gy;fspd; Kd;nkhopTfshdit ePuhdJ jpirjpUg;gg;gl;L fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;L ed;F xOq;fikg;gbd; khj;jpuNk nray;tpisTilajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ehye;j> ntkby;y> kfh fpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfh fpUy Nghd;w ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; Nghd;w cau;thd ,lq;fspy; mike;Js;s ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; ,e;j Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf cjTk;.

5.1.1 ,g;gFjpapYs;s ePu; nry;Yk;topapYs;s kf;fspd; cupikfis cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; ePu;g;ghrdk; Njitg;glhj fhyq;fspd;nghOJ Rw;whly; gha;tpd; Njitg;ghlhdJ mb ntspg;Gw thapypUe;J tpLtpg;gjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ePu;g;ghrdk; Njitg;ghlhd


170

fhyq;fspy; mb ntspg;Gw thapypUe;J fPo;Nehf;fpa ghijf;F 5 ft3/s (fpl;lj;jl;l0.14 m3/s) ntspapLtJ jw;nghOJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l xU gof;fkhf ,Ug;gjhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jg; gof;fkhdJ njhlug;gl Ntz;Lnkd rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,J Rw;whlypy; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wq;fs; my;yJ tPl;Lj; Njitfspd; gpufhuk; Njitahd rupnra;iffSld; njhlug;gl Ntz;Lnkd rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

5.1.2 epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ gbjy; fl;Lg;ghL epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ gbjy; fl;Lg;ghLfSf;fhf gpd;tUk; jzpg;G Vw;ghLf;s

Kd;nkhopag;gLfpd;wd.

kz; Ntiyfshdit gpujhdkhf cyu; gUt fhyj;jpd;nghOJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;

Ntiy nra;Ak; ,lj;jpy; Vw;fdNt cs;s tbfhy; epyq;fs; Fog;gg;glf;$lhJ. jw;NghJs;s tbfhy; ghijfs; tbfhy; neUf;fbfisj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

,sfpa kz;fshditfs; ftdpg;ghuw;W tplg;glf;$lhJ. kz; MdJ ,lf;F nfhs;sg;gLtjd; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epak msTfSf;Fs; mlf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Cupa mstpyhd kpjf;Fk; mizf;fl;Lf;fs;> cupa ,lq;fspyhd ePu; Gfhj ePUf;Fs;shd mizf;fl;Lf;fs;> kzy; igj; jilfs;> jw;fhypf kz; %l;ilfs;> tz;ly; Nrw;W nghwpfs; ,d;Dk; gy ePNuhilf;Fs; tz;ly;fs; cl;gha;tijj; jL;g;gjw;fhf epu;khzpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ePz;l Neuj;jpw;F ,sf;fkhd <u kz;zpid itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; mJ cupa Kiwapy; %lg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5.1.3 nts;sk; Vw;gLjy; fUj;jpl;l epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ nts;sk; Vw;gLjy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glNtz;Lk;. nts;sk; Vw;gLjyhy; Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fq;fisj; jzpg;gjw;fhf gpd;tUk; Vw;ghLfs; MNyhrpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Xilapd; ,uz;L gf;fq;fspYk; rhj;jpakhd nts;s ntspfs; ,Ug;gij ,dk;

fhZjy;.

Kd;ida fLk; nts;sq;fspd; kl;lq;fs; Fwpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

nghUj;jkhd jpUk;gpr; nry;Yk; fhyg;gFjp tiuf;Fkhd ePu; cs;Ns nry;y Kbahj mizf;fl;Lf;fs; tbtikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; mjw;F Nkw;gl;l nts;skhdJ tlfPo; gUtg;ngau;r;rpf; fhyj;jpd;nghOJ mt; mizf;fl;Lf;fspd; NkNy nry;Yk; (etk;gu;> bnrk;gu;) epu;khzq;fshdit nts;sj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba khjq;fspy; je;jpNuhghakhf rupnra;Jnfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Vw;glf;$ba nts;s mghaq;fs; Fwpj;J gzpahsu;fs; mwpe;J itj;jpUf;fr;

nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

khtl;l mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt epiyaj;Jld; xU neUf;fkhd xUq;fpizg;G Njitg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

cj;Njr ,uz;L ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshditfs; Nky; ePNue;Jk; gFjpapy; mike;Js;sd. ,e;j ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshtd nts;sj;ijf; Fiwf;ff;$bait. MdhYk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; fPo; ePNuhl;lg;gFjpapy; gy mjpfkhd ePNuhilfs; fyf;fpd;wd. ,e;j ePNuhilfspy; fyf;Fk; nts;skhdJ fLikahd epfo;Tfspd; nghOJ fPo; ePNuhilfisg; ghjpf;fpwJ. ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fskhdJ Vida ngUk; jpl;lq;fspy; cs;sijg; Nghd;W xU epiyapaw; fl;lisiaj; jahupf;Fk;. ,e;j MtzkhdJ vy;yh ePu;g;ghrd nghwpapayhsdu;fspd; mYtyfq;fspYk; nts;s mtrufhy epiyikfspy; gpd;gw;wg;gLtjw;fhf fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jpy; ePu;tbjy; fjTfspd; njhlu;fis ,af;FtJ njhlu;ghf mtw;wpidf; ifahSk; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;fhd gy;NtW mwpTWj;jy;fs; kw;Wk;


171

tpjpKiwapy; fjTfisj; jpwg;gjw;F mtu;fSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba vr;rupf;iffs; vd;gtw;iw cl;gLj;jpapUf;Fk;.

5.1.4 epu;khz ,ae;jpuq;fspd; epkpj;jkhf Vw;gLk; ePu; khriljiyj; jLg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs;

xt;nthU ,ae;jpug; gFjpf;Fk; Njitahd NgZif cgfuzq;fSld; Nghjpa mstpyhd Ntiyaplq;fis epu;khzpf;Fk;gb rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. capupay; juq; Fiwf;ff;$ba ryitg; nghUl;fs; Rj;jk; nra;Ak; ,ae;jpuq;fspy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. fopT ePuhdJ ntspNaw;wg;gLtjw;F Kd;du; gjg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fopT ePuhdJ gbT njhl;bfspy; gjg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; #upa xspf;F ntspahf tplg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fopT vz;nza;fs;> kw;Wk; vupnghUl;fs; vd;gd Nrfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; mJ Rw;whlYf;F tplg;glf;$lhJ.

fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfspy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l gy njhopyhsu;fs; Kfhk;gFjpfspy; trpg;gu;. ,e;j Kfhk; gFjpahdJ ruzhyaj;jpw;F ntspahf ,Uf;f cj;Njrpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Kfhk;fspd;

miktplj;jpw;fhf cU 4-3 iag; ghu;f;Ff. mg;gFjpfspy; cUthf;fg;gLk; jpuhtfq;fs; kw;Wk; jpz;kf; fopTfshdit Nkw;gug;ig jhf;fk; nrYj;jf;$baJld; Nky; Mog;gFjpfis epy ePiuAk; ghjpf;ff;$bad. fopT ePu;fis rikayiwfs;; fopTk; Fspf;Fk; ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J mg;Gwg;gLj;Jtjpd; Clhf ,jid jzpf;f KbAk;. ,itfs; ePNuhilfSf;F tpLtpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;gjhf cwpQ;ry; njhl;bfs; kw;Wk; fplq;Ffspy; mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Rfhjhu fopT ePu; mikg;ghdJ mOfr; nra;jy;> kw;Wk; CwtpLjy; njhl;bfspy; gjg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;L;k;. xg;ge;jfhuu;fs;> cs;Su; mjpfhurigfspd; ,zf;fj;Jld; fopT Nrfupj;jy; nfhl;ly; Kiwikfspy; xU cupa Kiwikiag; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ cupa njhif msthd nfhq;fpwPl;LfSld; <LgLk; gy nfhq;fpwPl; ,Lk; ,ae;jpuq;fis fsj;jpy; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j ,ae;jpuq;fspd; miktplkhdJ xg;ge;jfhuu;fspd; Kd;nkhopitg; nghWj;J ,Uf;Fk;. vt;thwhapDk; nfhq;fpwPl; fyq;Fk; ,ae;jpuq;fshdit mjpfk; fyq;fpa epiyapy; fopT ePiu ntspapLk;. ,tw;iw Rw;whlYf;Fs; tpLtjw;F Kd;gjhf milAk; njhl;bfspy; mOf;F

ePupid gjg;gLj;JtJ mtrpakhdJ.

5.1.5 epy ePu; kw;Wk; Nkw;gug;G ePupd; khw;wq;fSf;fhd Vw;ghLfs; epy ePu; kw;Wk; Nkw;gug;G ePupd; ePu;g;gz;gpay;> ngsjPftpay;> kw;Wk; ,urhadtpay; gz;Gfisf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;F xU ey;y fhz;fhzpg;G Kiwikiag; nghWg;ngLg;gjw;F

rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. fLikahd cNyhfq;fs;> G+r;rpnfhy;ypfs;> pH, BOD kpd;rhu flj;jpfs; ,d;Dk; gythdit fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;. epu;khzpg;G fl;lj;jpd;nghOJk; gpd;dUk; MW miktplq;fspy; mtjhdpg;Gfisr; nra;tjw;F MNyhrpf;fg;gLfpwJ. MNyhrid toq;fg;gLk; miktplq;fshtd `f;tw;Wdtpy; 2 miktplq;fSk;> kP Xahtpy; 2 miktplq;fSk; kw;Wk; rpW Fsq;fspy;

2 njupT nra;ag;gl;l miktplq;fshfTk; cs;sd.

5.1.5.1 Nkw;gug;G ePupd; juk; Nkw;gug;gpd; juj;ij tpNrlkhf eltbf;ifg; gFjpapd;nghOJ fz;fhzpg;gJ Kf;fpakhdJ. ,t; mtjhdpg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; mNj miktplq;fNs MNyhrid toq;fg;gLfpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; ,t; miktplq;fshdit ePu;j;ju epGzu;fSld; fye;jhNyhrpj;j gpw;ghL ,Wjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fLikahd cNyhfq;fs;>

G+r;rpnfhy;ypfs;> pH, BOD kpd;rhu flj;jpfs; ,d;Dk; gythdit fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;. epu;khzpg;G fl;lj;jpd;nghOJk; gpd;dUk; 6 miktplq;fspy; mtjhdpg;Gfisr; nra;tjw;F MNyhrpf;fg;gLfpwJ. fUj;jpl;l


172

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lkhdJ mbg;gilj; juthf Nritahw;Wtjw;fhf epu;khzj;jpw;F 3 khjq;fSf;F Kd;ghf njhlf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5.2 rpijTfs; / fopT ntspNaw;Wiffs; kPjhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;

vy;yh rpijTfSk; kw;Wk; Ntiyj; njhopyhsu; Kfhk;fspy; ,Ue;jhd fopTfSk; nghwpapayhsu; kw;Wk; cs;Suhl;rpapduhy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l Kd; ,dq;fhzg;gl;l miktplq;fspy; xg;ge;jfhuu;fshy; cupa tifapy; mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gpsh];upf;> nghypj;jPd;fis vupj;jy; vd;gd jpwe;j neUg;gpy; mDkjpf;ff;$lhJ. kPs;tl;;lj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jf;$ba gpsh];upf;fs; khw;wj;jpYs;s kPs; tl;lj;jpw;F cl;gLk; ifj;njhopy;fSf;F tpw;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. nghy;nghj;jpfktpy; ruzhyaj;jpw;F ntspahd gpuNjrj;jpy; njhopyhsu; Kfhk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j Kfhk; MdJ xg;ge;jfhuupd; Ntiyg;gilf;F jq;Fkplk; mspj;J ,Ug;gJld; xg;ge;jfhuu; RfhjhutrjpfisAk;> fopT mg;Gwg;gLj;JifiaAk; mtu;fSf;F flg;ghLilajhf ,Ug;gJld; Kfhkpid ey;y Rfhjhu epiyikapy; itj;jpUg;gjw;Fk; flikg;ghLilNahuha; cs;shu;. KfhkhdJ cs;Suhl;rp mjpfhurigapd; epakq;fSf;F cl;gl;L mOfr; nra;Ak; njhl;bfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;L Rfhjhu trjpfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,k; KfhKk;; mYtyfKk; cupa fopT Nrfupj;jy; kw;Wk; mg;Gwg;gLj;jy; epiyikfisf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kfhk; kw;Wk; mYtyfq;fspypUe;jhd rpijTfs; cs;Suhl;rp mjpfhurigapdhy; mg;Gwg;gLj;Jk; gFjpfSf;F mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

njhopyhsu; Kfhk;fs; kw;Wk; ,ae;jpug; gFjpfspypUe;jhd fopT ePupd; jhf;fq;fis gpd;tUkhW jzpf;fg;gLfpwJ

1. vy;yhj; njhopyhsu; Kfhk;fSf;Fk; cupa Rfhjhuf; fopT ePu; mikg;G cl;gl;l fopT ePu; gjg;gLj;Jif

2. ,yq;if epakq;fspd; gpufhukhf fopT ePu; gjg;gLj;jg;gLjy; (1990 ,y; tu;j;jkhdpapy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;lJ)

3. ,yq;if epakq;fspd; gpufhukhf Rfhjhu fopT ePu; mikg;Gf;fs; gjg;gLj;jg;gLjy; (745-2004 tu;j;jkhdpapy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;lJ).

nghUj;jkpy;yhj gz;lq;fs; my;yJ Njitg;gLj;jg;gl;l mfo;tpy; ,Ue;jhd

Njitg;ghl;Lf;F kpjkpQ;rpa ,Of;fg;gLtJld; EIA mwpf;ifapy; xJf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fspy;

fopTg;nghUl;fs; itf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; itf;fg;gLk;.

mfo;e;jtw;iw NghLk; ,lq;fSf;Fs; gz;lq;fis ,LtjhdJ Nghf;Ftuj;J toptif

cgfuzq;fshNyh kw;Wk; /cupa mlu;j;Jk; cgfuzk; Njitg;gLk; mt;tifapdhNyh

mlu;j;Jtjpd; epahakhd msnthd;iwg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Kfkhf jbg;ghdJ 0.5 m id tpQ;rehj msT gilahf cUthf;fg;gLk;. fopit nfhl;Ltjw;F nry;tJ nfhl;b tpl;L tUtJ Nghd;w thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;jhdJ njhlu;r;rpahf elhj;jg;gLtJld; mlu;j;Jtjw;fhf thfdq;fspd; ghuj;ij gad;gLj;Jk; ed;ikiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Kfkhf mt;thwhd ,lq;fspy; KO Nkw;gug;igAk; cl;gLj;jf;$bajhf mt;thW nrd;W tUk; ghij khw;wg;gLk;.


173

mfo;tpd; gbkz; jpl;bd; Nkw;gug;ghdJ tifg;gLj;jg;gl;L tbfhiy toq;FtJld; Nkw;gug;G rpije;J NghtjhdJ Nkw;gug;G mupg;igNah nfhl;lg;gl;l kz;zpd; Nkw;gug;igNah mupf;fhJ ,Ug;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Nghjpa ghJfhg;G Ntiyfs; toq;fg;gLtJld; epu;khz fhyj;jpd;nghOJ ve;j trjpapdJ eltbf;iffspYk; ,ilaPL nra;ahkYk; ghu;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. mfo;tpd; vwpkz; jpl;ilfs; kl;Lg;gLj;JtJld; xOq;Ff; fpukkhd tupirfSld; ntl;lg;gLtJld; NkNyhl;lkhd ghu;itia cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; ];jpukhd epue;jukhd kz; Nkl;il cUthf;Ftjw;Fkhf Vida ghJfhg;G NtiyfSk; epue;ju tbfhy;fSk; toq;fg;gLk;.

epyf;fPo; ghij kf;fpfSk; Vida ntl;L kz; fPo; gjpe;j cyu;e;j gFjpfspy; Nghlg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fopTg;nghUl;fshdit gz;lq;fs; mfo;e;njLj;j ,lq;fis fopTfshy; epug;Gtjw;F gad;gLj;jf;$bait. vt;thwhapDk; Mw;wq;fiufSf;F mtw;iw mg;Gwg;gLj;jf;$lhJ. gad;gLj;jf;$ba gz;lk; vJ ,Ue;jhYk; gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. toikahf fopT nfhl;Lk; ,lq;fSf;F mz;ikapy; thOk; kf;fs; jkJ fhzpfis epug;Gtjw;F mtw;wpidg; gad;gLj;Jtu;.

epyf;fPo; gz;lq;fspd; Gtpr;rupjtpay; ju tpguq;fspd; gpufhuk; kpfTk; jd;dhjpf;fKs;s gz;lkhf ,Ug;gJ fbdg;ghiwahFk;. epyf;fPo; ghiwr; Ruq;fq;fspypUe;J ntl;b mfo;e;J vLf;fg;gl;l gz;lq;fshdit kfhfpj;Jy Fs rha;Tg;ghJfhg;G> tpuy; tbg;gp vd;gtw;wpy; kPs gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. epyf;fPo; ghijr; Ruq;f kf;fpakhdJ epu;khz Ntiyf;F gad;gLj;j KbahJ vd;gJld; ruzhyaj;jpw;F ntspNa vLj;Jr;nry;yg;gl ntz;Lnkd;gJld; ntWk;

jiuahf glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s T/M gFjpf;F mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. nfhl;Lk; ,lq;fisj; njupT nra;j ,lj;jpy; tbfhy; ghijfisj; jLg;gjw;F ftdk; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. tz;ly; kz;fs; ntspNaWtijj; jLg;gij> cupa tbfhy;fis toq;FtJ> ghiwg; ghijfs; mikg;gJ> Nghd;wit cupa jzpg;G KiwfshFk;.

5.3 kz; kw;Wk; ,l mikg;gpay; jhf;fj;jpw;fhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;

5.3.1 epu;khzjjpd;nghOJ Nkw;gug;G nfLjy; my;yJ mbgl;Lg; NghjYf;fhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; epHkhz nraw;ghLfspd; Muk;gj;Jld; fhzpfs; Jg;guT nra;ag;gLtJld; kz;zhdJ fhyepiy fhuzpfSld; njhlu;G Vw;gLj;JkhW nra;ag;gLk;. kz; Nkw;gug;Gf;fs; ntspj; njupar; nra;ag;gLtjhdJ vy;yhg; gf;fq;fspYk; ,Ue;J Nkw;gug;G rpijtile;J Nghd;whd mupg;gpid Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,J epu;khzr; nraw;ghLfspd; xU tpUk;gj;jhj gpd;tpisthf ,Ug;gJld;> jhf;fq;fisj; jzpg;gjw;fhf jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; Kd;nkhopag;gLfpd;wd.

5.3.1.1 mizf;fl;Lf;fSk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSk;

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ,U ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; epu;khzk; / GdUj;jhuzj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;L ngupa ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSk; `fy;y gy;Nyfy ruzyhaj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Kd;nkhopag;gLfpd;wd. mizf;fl;L epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ fhzp jahupg;gpd; gpujhd nraw;ghlhdJ mjd; ePskhd mizf;fl;bd; KO ePsj;jpd; topapYk; fhzpiaj; Jg;guT nra;tJk; ,uz;L gf;fq;fspy; mbg;gilahf 10 kPw;wu; tiu Fiwg;gJk; MFk;. Rj;jk; nra;ag;gl;l fhzpfshdJ Nkw;gug;G ePf;fg;gl;Ls;sjpdhy; kz;zupg;Gf;F VJthtJld; epyf;fPo; tz;ly; gbTfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ. tpNrlkhf ,J ePNuhilfspy; Vw;gLfpwJ. MfNt mizf;fl;L epu;khzkhdJ cyu;gUt fhyg;gFjpfspNy Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mupf;fg;gl;l gz;lq;fshdit Nkw;gug;G Xl;lj;Jld; vLj;Jr;nry;yg;gLtJld; fPo; ePNuhl;lg;gFjpfspy; gba itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fPo; ePNuhl;lf; Fsq;fspid gbtpid mjpfupf;fpwJ.

fPo; ePNuhl;lf; Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; ePNuhilfspy; tz;ly;fs; gbtijj; jLf;Fk; Kfkhf fPo; ePNuhl;lg; ghijfspy; tz;ly; nghwpfs; mikg;gjw;F MNyhrid toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j nraw;ghl;by; mfog;gLk; kz;zhdJ fhl;Lg; ghJfhg;Gf;F ntspNa cs;s


174

nfhl;Lk; ,lq;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; mjpfuj;j mupg;Gf;fhd rhj;jpaj;ijf; Fiwf;Fk;.

mizf;fl;Lfshtd fPo; ePNuhl;lg;ghijapy; Gw;fshYk; Nky; ePNuhl;lg; ghij Kfj;jpy; gy;NtW mstpyhd fw;fshYk; %lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J mupg;igf; Fiwg;gJld; mizf;fl;Lf;fis kpfTk; ];jpukhf;fpwJ. rpy gFjpfshdit fLikahd mupg;Gf;F cs;shfyhk;. ,e;jg; gFjpfshdit ,dk; fhzg;gLtJld; ePiug; ghJfhg;ghf vLg;gjw;fhd epyf;fPo; Ruq;fg;ghijfs; mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gy mstpyhd fw; gz;lq;fshdit fPo; ghij mfog;gLtjpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gLtJld fhl;L ghJfhg;gplq;fSf;F ntspNaahd ghiwf; fw;FopfspypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;fpwJ. (ghu;f;Ff cU 4-3) miz epu;khz Ntiyfspy; ,Ue;jhd kz; MdJ ePu;j;Njf;f gLf;ifapypUe;J fpswp vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5.3.1.2 njhlu; ,izg;Gs;s fhy;tha;fSk; ePu;g;ghrd KiwikAk; Gjpjhf cUthf;fg;gl;l fhy;tha;fspd; vy;yh ntspahd Nkw;gug;Gf;fSf;Fk; Gw;fs; gjpg;gjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. njhlu; ,izg;Gf;fhy;thahdJ `fy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;ij ClWj;Jr; nry;tJld; ,e;jg; gFjpfspy; jl;ilahd rha;Tfshdit tdtpyq;Ffs; tpNrlkhf fhl;L ahidfs; ghJfhg;ghff; flg;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Toikahf xU fhy;thapd; gf;f rha;Tfshtd ,uz;by; xd;whf cs;sJ> kpUfq;fs; flg;gjw;fhd xU gf;fkhdJ nrq;Fj;jhd rha;thf fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;l thwhf nfhq;fpwPl; gbfshf %d;wpy; xd;whff; fhzg;gLk;. vy;yh mstPLfSk;

kpy;ypkPw;wupy; jug;gLfpd;wd.

50

0

50

0

500

20

00

6000

70

0

500

700

1500

50

0

R.C. CONC.GRADE C25/30

F. S. L.

3500

SERVICE ROAD

RW 2

O & M ROAD

WIDTH(RW)TW

1500

cU4-6 kpUfq;fs; flj;jy;

kio ePuhdJ kz; Jzpf;iffspy; mupg;Gf;F fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJld; mitfs; ePNuhl;lj;Jld; vLj;Jr;nry;yg;gLtJld; ePNuhilfspd; tz;ly; gbit Vw;gLj;JtJld; KbTWfpwJ. ,e;j tpUk;gj;jfhj tz;ly; gbtpid jtpu;g;gjw;fhf gUtfhy ePNuhilfspd; FWf;Nf gy tz;ly; milg;Gf;fis epu;khzpg;gjw;F MNyhrid toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ePNuhilfshdit ngaupLtjw;F mjpfkhdjhf cs;sd. mz;zsthf 1.5 rJu fpNyhkPw;wu; fhzpahdJ fhy;thapy;fspd; epu;khzf;fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ Rj;jk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ kz;zhdJ ku %Liffs; mfw;wg;gl;lJk; causthd mupg;Gf;F cs;shFk; ,liu vjpu;nfhs;fpwJ. MfNt fhy;tha; epu;khzpg;ghdJ cyu; fhyg;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;gb tplaj;jpy; kioePuhdJ kz; Jzpf;iffspy; mupg;ig Vw;gLj;JtJld; mitfs; ePu; topfspy; gbfpd;wd. tz;ly; nghwpfshfpa ePNuhilg;ghijfspy; cs;sitfs; mt;thwhd tz;ly; gbTfisj; jLg;gjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,e;j tz;ly; nghwpfshdit epu;khz Kftu;fshy; xOq;Ff; fpukkhf fz;fhzpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5.3.1.3 Njitahd %yg;nghUl;fisg; ngWtjw;fhd mfog;gLk; ,lq;fSk; fw;Fspg; gFjpfSk; ,uz;L gpujhd ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;fhfTk; %yg;nghUl;fisg; ngWtjw;fhf mfog;gLk; ,lq;fshdit ePu;j;Njf;f gLf;if epyj;jpy; mike;jpUg;gjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,itfs; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; mfog;gl;lJk; ePuhy; epuk;gptpLk;. ,e;j


175

mfog;gLk; ,lq;fspy; Nru;e;Jnfhs;Sk; Nrkpg;Gf;fshdit cyu; gUtfhyq;fspy; kpUfq;fSf;F gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf mfog;gl;l gFjpfspy; rha;Tfis kl;lkhf;f (%d;wpy; xd;W) tyaj;jpy; mtw;iwg; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;J cyu; gUt fhyg;gFjpfspy; ePNuhl;lkhdJ fPNo nry;tjw;F tpyq;fpdq;fspd; tho;tplkhfr; nra;tjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; ,dk; fhzg;gl;l %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf mfog;gLk; gFjpfSk; kPs eLjy; kw;Wk; kPs epug;Gjyhy; kPs;epiyf;F nfhz;Ltug;gLk;. vy;yhf; fplq;FfSk; mfog;gl;l gz;lq;fshYk; rha;Tfspd; kPjhd epiyahd rha;Tj;jd;ik Ngzg;gLtJld; Njit Vw;gbd; kz; mizfs; kw;Wk; tbfhy;fs; vd;gd iff;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,it vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf

Giliricedia, Vetiver kw;Wk; Citronella Nghd;w kuq;fshdJ kz;zupg;igf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F mwpKfkg;gLj;jg;glf;$baJ. rpwpa kz; ghJfhg;G mizfshYk; epu;khzpf;fg;glf; $baJ epu;khzg; gzpahsu;fSf;F Rfhjhu mghak; Vw;gLtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;F %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf mfog;gl;l gFjpfspy; Njq;fp epw;Fk; ePiu mz;ikapy; cs;s ePNuhilfSf;F tbar; nra;tjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

mfog;gl;l fputy; fplq;Ffis 1:3 tpfpjj;jpy; mikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; kz;zupg;igf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F ghiwg; ghijapd; Gw;jl;Lf;fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; rpW kz;zupg;igAk; rpwpa rha;T tpOiffisAk; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf ghiwg;ghijfspd; Gw;jl;Lf;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; Mokhf;fg;gl;l gpw;ghL nts;sk; epw;fhj msTf;F nrd;Ws;s %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf mfog;gl;l gFjpfspy; xU kueLif epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;F ghiwahd fw;Fopg;ghijfs; ,dk;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. fw;Fopg;gFjpfspy; mjpf RikNaw;wkhdJ ,y;yhkypUg;gJld; ghiwahdJ ntspj;njupaf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. njupT nra;ag;gl;l fw;Fopg;gFjpfshdit jw;nghOJ cupa cupkq;fSld; nraw;gLfpwJ ( cU 4-4 iag; ghu;f;Ff)

5.4 ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ljd; tpisthf rha;Tfs; ruptijj; jzpg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs;

fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,U ePu;j;Njf;f gFjpfspYk; kz; rupTfNsh my;yJ epyr;rupTfNsh Vw;gl;ljhf mwpf;ifaplg;gltpy;iy. ,uz;L cj;Njr ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSk; `fy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhayj;jpy; mike;Js;sd. ,g; gpujhd mizf;fl;Lf;fSk; nghWg;Ngwpa Nrhz mizf;fl;LfSk; kiyj;njhlu; fl;likg;GfSf;F ,izf;fg;gLk;nghOJ kiyrha;Tfshtd epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ Fog;gg;gLfpd;wd. jw;nghOJ kiyr;rha;Tfspy; mike;Js;s ,e;jg; ghiw jfLfs; rpyit tpLglf;$ba rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; cs;sd. ,t;thwhd ];jpukw;w ghiw Jz;lq;fis ,dk; fz;L kiyj;njhlu; rha;TfspypUe;J mtw;iw efu;j;Jtjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. kiyr;rha;Tfs; jw;nghOJ ];jpukhf cs;sd. Mdhy; ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;Fs; ePu; mbj;Jr; nry;yg;gLk;nghOJ kiyr;rha;T %ly;fspd;; ngUk; Rikapd; epkpj;jk; ];jpuj;jd;ik ,og;gjw;Fk; mjd; %yk; rha;T mupg;G kw;Wk; rpwpa rha;T tpOjy; vd;gd Vw;gLtjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fs; cs;sd. mg;gFjpapy; cs;s ,Wf;fkw;w ghiwfshdit mfw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; my;yJ fy; fl;Lk; Ntiyapdhy; cWEjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5.5 kz;rupT Vw;gLtjw;fhd ,aYikAk; rha;it cWjpg;gLj;jYk;

kfhfpUyTf;fhd cj;Njr mizf;fl;L mr;rhdJ jw;NghJs;s kfhfpUy thtp Clhf XLfpwJ. G+u;thq;t tprhuizfspy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lthwhf ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; Xuq;fSk;

mjd; Rw;nwy;iyfSk; cau; vjpu;j;jpwDs;s quartzite ia gpujhdkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJld; Nkw;RikahdJ mjpfk; jbg;ghdjy;y. MfNt kz;rupTf;fhd rhj;jpaf;$whdJ ,g;gFjpapy; mf;fiw Fiwe;j tplakhf cs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; cWjpaw;w ghiwj;Jz;lq;fs; VjhtJ ,Ug;gpd; mtw;iw mfw;Wtjw;F eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. kfhjk;Ng> kw;Wk; kfhfpj;JyNtt Nghd;w ,uz;L ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs;

kl;bYk; ,Nj Vw;ghLfs; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xg;ge;jfhuu;fsSk; PMU

f;fSk; tpNrbj;j kz;rupT jzpg;G Vw;ghLfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F NBRO tpd;


176

cjtpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. kfhtyp mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; #oy; mikr;rhdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd tpNrbj;j kz; rupT jzpg;G Vw;ghLfSf;fhf tpNrbj;j kz; rupT

tprhuiz mwpf;iffisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F NBRO ,Ue;J Kd;nkhopTfSf;F miog;G

tpLj;Js;sJ. (ghu;f;Ff gpd;dpizg;G – 5)

nghj;Jtpy epyf;fPo; Ruq;fg;ghijahfpa 700 kPw;wu; ePskhd 20-22 kPw;wu; cau;e;jgl;r

cauj;jpy; kj;jpa gFjpapy; kiyj;njhlupd; FWf;Nf XLk; fhy;thahdJ quartzite My; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. cs;EioAk; kw;Wk; ntspr;nry;Yk; thapy;fshditfs; ve;j cilTkw;w ghiwg;giliaf; nfhz;Ls;sd. Rikjhq;FifahdJ jbg;ghf ,g;gbahd fl;Lkhd Kfl;L ,ilr;rha;T gf;fj;Njhw;wj;ijf; fhl;LtJld; epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij epu;khzpg;gpd; topapd; VjhtJ kz;rupT my;yJ VjhtJ rha;T tPo;iffisj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf Njitahd Kd;ndr;rupf;ifffs; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. thapy;fspd; epu;khzj;j;pd; Muk;gpg;ig jpwg;gjw;F Kd;gjhf ghiwfis ,Wf;fp nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; mbj;jsj;ij cWjpahf;fy; Nghd;wd gyg;gLj;jy; Vw;ghLfshf nra;ag;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ.

fhl;L %Lif ePf;fkhdJ ,e;jgFjpapy; Fiwthf itj;jpUf;fg;gLk;. frpT Fiwar; nra;tjw;fhf Nkw;gug;G tbfhyhdJ Kd;Ndw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf gytPdkhd gFjpfSf;F cupa ftdpg;G nfhLf;Fk; Kfkhf epyf;fPo; Ruq;f ghijtopfspd; cupa tbtikg;ig nra;Ak;nghUl;L epyf;fPo; ghijj; jl;Lf;fspy; Fwpj;J Gtpr;rupjtpay; uPjpahd tpgukhd tprhuizfs; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lnkd rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. mj;Jld; ,ilj;jug;. gFjpfspy; Njitahd gFjpfspy; ftdpg;G nfhLf;Fk; Kfkhf

nfhq;fpwPl; epiuaply; kw;Wk; anchor bolting Nghd;wtw;wpdhy; cl;nry;Yk; ntspr;nry;Yk; ghijfspd; gFjpfspy; milg;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; jsq;fis rPu;nra;jy; vd;gtw;Wf;Fk; rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,g;gb Vw;ghLfs; iff;nfhz;lJk; Rw;whly; kPjhd rhjf jhf;fq;fs; FiwAk; mNjNtisapy; fhy;tha;f;Fs; cs;NsNahd fhy;tha;f;F ntspNaahd Vw;glf;$ba ve;jf; frpTfisAk; epWj;jf; $bajhfTk; cile;j ghiwfspd; VjhtJ rWf;fy;fis epWj;jf;$bajhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

Muk;g ePu;j;Njf;f epug;Gif

Muk;g ePu;j;Njf epug;Gif kw;Wk; mtjhdpg;G jpl;lkhdJ tbikg;G gzpahl;njhFjpapduhy; jahupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Muk;g epug;GifahdJ ed;F Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; Vw;wk; mizf;fl;Lg;ghJfhg;G tpjpfis gpd;gw;wp fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ePu; tpLtpg;G vd;gtw;wpd; gjpTfs; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mizf;fl;L gupNrhjpg;gpypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l vy;yhj; jfty;fs; NrUkjpfs;> Muk;g epug;Gifapd;nghOJ ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; Rw;nwy;iyfs; vd;gd Nghd;w vy;yhj; jfty;fisAk; cs;slf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ID kw;Wk; WLC cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; Kd;ndr;rupf;iffis vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

eltbf;iffSk; NgZifAk;

G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l Ntiyfis NgZtJ ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; Mizf;F cl;gl;l njhopw;ghlhFk;. eltbf;iffis jahu;g;gLj;Jjy;> gupghypg;Gj;jpl;lk;> ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha; KiwikfSf;fhd ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; topfhl;Ljy;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; NgZifj; jpl;lj;ij jahupg;gJk; ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; nrhj;J Kfhikj;Jt cg jpizf;fsj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfspy; xd;whf cs;sJ. topfhl;Ljy;fspd; gpufhk; ,lu; mbg;gilapyhd NgZifg; gof;fq;fs; gpd;gtw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Kd;Nd jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;l fhy ,ilntspfshy; epGzu;fshy; topfhl;Ljy;fspd; gpufhuk; ePu;fl;l miz elj;ijiaf; fz;fhzpg;Gr; nra;jy; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. mizf;fl;bd; ghJfhg;ghdJ nghwpapay; Rw;whly;> r%fg; gpur;rpidfs; Nghd;w gue;j tPr;rpyhd tplaq;fis cs;slf;Ftjhy; NgZiff; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ ,J xU gpwpjhd Kf;fpa cs;sPlhf vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

eltbf;ifapd; gy njhopw;ghLfs; kPjhd gzpahl;njhFjpapdupd; NgZif kw;Wk; eltbf;iffspd; gapw;rp vd;gd kpfTk; fl;lhakhdJ. mizf;fl;bd; ghJfhg;Gf;F nfLjy; Vw;glf;$ba epiyfis czu;e;J nfhs;tjpd; mtu;fs; gapw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.


177

5.6 tsp khriljy;> ,iur;ry;> mjpu;T vd;gtw;Wf;fhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;

5.6.1 tsp khriljy; ,e;j tpjkhd ngUk; epu;khz Ntiyfspd;nghOJ tspapd; juj;jpd; kPjhd jhf;fq;fs; fzprkhdjhf ,Uf;f KbAk;. Rw;wpapUf;Fk; tspapd; ju kl;lj;jpid khjj;jpw;F xUKiwahtJ mjpfkhd epu;khz Ntiyfs; elf;Fk; ,lq;fspy; xOq;Ff;fpukkhf fz;fhzpg;Gr; nra;jy;> ey;y tPl;Lg; guhkupg;G gof;fq;fs;> gzpahsu;fs; gzpahl;njhFjpapdUf;fpilapyhd xOq;Ff;fpukkhd tpopg;Gzu;T epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; vd;gd fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; tspapd; juj;ij Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F cjTk;. ml;ltiz 5-5 vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; rpy jhf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; cj;Njr jzp;g;G Vw;ghLfisj; jUfpwJ.

ml;litz 4-17 tsp khriljYf;fhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;

eltbf;if fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ tspj;juj;jpd; kPJ

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;.

cj;Njr jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;

jpz;kf; fopTfis vupj;jy; jpz;kf; fopTfis jpwe;j ,lj;jpy; vup;g;gJ mDkjpf;fg;lf;$lhJ . kPs;tl;lj;jpw;F cl;gLj;Jk; trjpfis toq;f Ntz;Lk;. kw;Wk; jpz;kf; fopTfs; cupa Kiwapy; mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. kPs; tl;lj;jpw;F cl;gLj;Jk; jpz;kf; fopTfis thq;FNthiu mwpKfk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpf;Fs; mghafukhd ve;jf; fopTk; cUthf;fg;gLtjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. gpsh];upf; MdJ kPs; tl;lj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.cupa Kiwapy; mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;g Ntz;Lk;.

tPjpfs; kw;Wk; Vida ntspahd Nkw;gug;gpypUe;jhd J}R

KbAkhd mstpw;F tPjpfis ruzhyaj;jpw;F ntspNa itj;jpUj;jy; tPjpfisg; NgZjy;. ntspahf ,Uf;Fk; ntsp Nkw;gug;Gf;fis Gw;gjpj;J %Ljy; jpwe;jpUf;Fk; Nkw;gug;Gf;fis xOq;Ff;fpukkhf <ug;gLj;Jjy; (epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ)

thfdj;jpypUe;J ntspNaWgitfs;

epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,ae;jpuq;fhsit Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ,ilntspfspy; vz;nza; kw;Wk; tbfl;bfis khw;Wtjpd; Clhf ntspNaw;wg;gLgitfspd; cupa epakq;fs; G+u;j;jp nra;tij xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. vy;yh thfdq;fSf;Fk; chpa vhpnghUisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. Ntiyg; gFjpf;F cs;shf Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Ntf vy;iyfis xg;ge;jfhuH gpd;gw;Wjy;

j

5.6.2 ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;Tj;jhf;fq;fs; ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;Tj; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfshtd epu;khz ,ae;jpuq;fspd; ,iur;ry;fs; cau;thf ,Uf;Fk; epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ iff;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;tpd; gpujhd %yq;fshf ,Ug;gJ ghiwia ntbf;f itj;jy;> epyf;fPo; topf;fhd eltbf;iffs;> ngupa kz;iz efu;j;Jk; cgfuzq;fspd; eltbf;ifahFk;. ,e;j cgfuzq;fspd; rupahd eltbf;if kw;Wk; NgZif kw;Wk; fs gof;fq;fshtd jzpj;jypd; kpf nray;tpisTs;s Kiwahf cs;sd. jzpj;jYf;fhd Vida

topfshtd ;

Nghjpastpyhd ntspNaw;Wk; nksdkhf;fpfs;> rj;j Fiwg;gpfs; nghUj;jg;gl;l cgfuzq;fs;


178

KbAkhd nghOnjy;yhk; nksdpf;fg;gl;l cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;

rj;jk; Fiwe;j cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;

cgfuzq;fis ey;y Ntiy xOq;fpy; itj;jpUj;jy;

cgfuzq;fspd; ghtidiaf; Fiwj;jy;

ngupastpyhd kl;lq;fspy; rj;jq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf jtpu;f;Fk; tifapy; nraw;ghLfis ml;ltizg;gLj;jy;

jw;fhypf ,iur;ry; jil NghLgitfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;

Nrit tPjpfs; kw;Wk; thfd neupry; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpid cupa Kiwapy;

NgZjy;. epyTk; tof;fj;jpd; gpufhuk; xg;ge;jfhuu;fSf;F epu;khz Kiwia tpje;Jiug;gJ ,aYkhd xd;whf ,Uf;f KbahJ NghFk;. Mdhy; cgfuzq;fspd; ,iur;ry; fl;Lg;ghL mjpu;Tf;fl;Lg;ghl;L Njitg;ghLfshdit $Wtpiy Nfhuy; Mtzq;fspy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,uT Neu epu;khz eltbf;iffs; ,aYkhd tiuf;Fk; jtpu;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. epu;khz ,iur;ry; kl;lq;fshdit mUfpYs;s tdtpyq;Ffisg; ghjpf;f $bait. ,aYkhd

vy;yh ,iur;ry; Fiwg;G Vw;ghLfSk; epu;khzg;gFjpf;F vy;iyapy; gfy; Neuj;jpy; 6.00 –

21.00 kzp tiu 75 dB tiuf;Fk; ,uT Neuj;jpy; 50 dB tiuf;Fk; ,iur;ry; kl;lk;

Fiwg;gjw;F CEA. My; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;l cau;e;jgl;r mDkjp ePf;fg;gl;l kl;lj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; Vw;ghLfs; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vt;thwhapDk; mt;Ntiyg;gfjpf;Fs;shf epu;khz nraw;ghLfspd; epkpj;jkhf vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; rj;jkhdJ

80 - 115 dB (A) tiuf;Fk; nraw;ghLfisg; nghWj;J mjpfupj;J fhzg;gl KbAk;. ,J fsj;jpYs;s njhopyhsu;fs; mjpf ,iur;ry; kl;lj;ij vjpu;nfhs;sr; nra;Ak;. MfNt xg;ge;jhuu;fshy; njhopyhsu;fSf;F Nfl;ly; ghJfhg;G fUtpfs; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

epy mjpu;tpd; gpujhd %ykhf ,Ug;gJ ghiwfis ntbf;f itj;jyhFk;. GSMB Ruq;fk; Njhz;ly; cupkkhdJ fw;Fop ntbf;f itj;jy;> ghiw ntbf;f itj;jy;

rk;ge;jg;gl;ltifSf;F Njitg;gLj;jg;gl;lthW ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. CEA, GSMB kw;Wk; Vida mjpfhurigfshy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; tiuaiwfs;> vy;iyfs; midj;Jk; KOikahf gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

epu;khz xg;ge;jfhuu;fshy; vy;yhf; fl;blq;fisAk; Fiwe;j gl;rk; 250 kPw;wu; Miu

my;yJ GSMB Njitg;ghLfspd; gpufhuk; vy;yhf; fl;blq;fisAk; gjpT nra;tjw;F

Vw;ghLfs; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. epy mjpu;T kw;Wk; ABOP vd;gtw;iw ,dk; fhz;gjw;fhf

epy mjpu;T kw;Wk; mjpf mKf;fj;jpy; fhw;W ntbg;G ABOP vd;gd njhlu;r;rpahf fz;fhzpf;fg;gLtij mtu; Ngzpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. njhlu;Gila ntbf;f itf;Fk; gFjpapd; 250 kPw;wu; Miuf;Fl;gl;l vy;yhf; fl;blq;fSf;Fkhf ntbg;Gf;F Ke;jpa

ntbg;Gf;F gp;e;jpa fUj;jha;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. epy mjpu;T kw;Wk; ABOP apd; jhf;fq;fis gupNrhjpj;j gpw;ghL xt;nthU fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;Fk; njhlu;Gila ntbg;Gf;F Ke;jpa gpe;jpa Ma;Tfis xg;gpl;l gpw;ghL xg;ge;jfhuu; cUthf;fpa ntbg;Gf;fis jpUj;Jtjw;F Ntz;ba Vw;ghLfis vLf;f Ntz;L;k;. my;yJ fl;blq;fSf;F Vw;gl;l Nrjj;jpw;F ngWkjp kjpj;j gpw;ghL jpUj;jq;fSf;fhf el;l<L toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

xg;ge;jfhuu; ntbf;f itf;Fk; eltbf;iffs; njhlu;ghf mg;gFjpapy; cs;s tjpthsu;;fSf;F xypngUf;fpfis ghtpj;J nghJ ,lq;fspy; mwptpj;jy; gyiffis fhl;rpg;gLj;Jtjpd; %yk; Kd;ndr;rupf;iffis toq;f Ntz;Lk;. vt;thwhapDk; epy

mjpu;;T> ABOP kw;Wk; gwf;Fk; ghijfs; vd;gtw;wpd; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf cupa mDgtq;fisf; nfhz;l jifik tha;e;j Ruq;f mfo;T nghwpapyhsu;fspd; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; kf;fs; tpNrlkhf tjpAk; ,lq;fspy; ntbj;jy; fl;Lg;ghL Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. GijnghUspay; epidthyaq;fSf;Fs;s mzpj;jhf cs;s $Uzu;Tkpf;f ,lq;fspy; ghiw ntbf;f itj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; fl;Lg;ghl;L ntbj;jiyf;fhl;bYk; ,urhad ntbf;f itj;jiyf; iff;nfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ.


179

fhl;L tpyq;Ffs; ntbj;jiy czUk;nghOJ mitfs; Vida gFjpfSf;F efu;e;J nfhs;tjhy; ntbj;jy; eltbf;iffshy; mitfs; ghjpf;fg;gl khl;lhJ.

5.7 jhtuq;fs; mfw;wg;gLtjpd; epkpj;jkhf kz; juq;Fiwtjw;fhd jzpg;G

Vw;ghLfs;.

cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lkhdJ gapu;r; nra;ifff;fhf Gjpa fhzpfisj; jpwf;f khl;lhJ. Mdhy; Nkyjpf ePupd; toq;fYld; jw;NghJs;s fhzpfspy; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpia mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;. epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpdnghOJ fhy;tha;fs; kw;Wk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; epu;khzj;jpw;fhf fhzpfs; jpwe;J tplg;gLfpd;wd. MfNt epu;khzg; gFjpfspy; fhzpfspd; juk; Fiwtij jLg;gjw;F tpNrl mOj;jk; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;fhf mNefkhd %yg;nghUl;fis fpswp vLf;Fk; gFjpfs; ePu;j;Njf;f gLf;iffspy; mike;Js;sd. Mdhy; fhy;tha;fspy; %yg;nghUl;fis vLf;f fpsw vLf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy; kz;zupg;G jLg;G Vw;ghLfs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. tptrha nraw;ghLfspd; epkpj;jkhf fhzp tsk; Fd;wpg;NghtjhdJ cupa Neuj;jpy; fhzp jahu;g;gLj;jy; k;Pjhd tptrhapfSf;fhd cupa mwpTWj;jy;fisf; nfhLg;gjd; Clhf tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jhy; ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5.8 eltbf;ifapd;nghOjhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;

NWP fhy;tha; kw;Wk; njhlu;Gila ePu;g;ghrdq;fs; ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; ePu; Kfhikj;Jt jPu;khdq;fSld; ,af;fg;gLfpwJ. ,izg;Gf;fhy;tha; tjpthsu;fSf;F fhy;thapd; ePu;g;gha;T Fwpj;J vr;rupf;if nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. fhy;tha; Xuk; topNa vr;rupf;if gyiffs; fl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rdj;njhif $ba ,lq;fspy; Ntypfs; mikf;fg;gl;L gupghypf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fskhdJ Kiwikf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd epiyapaw; fl;lisfisj; jahupf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; eltbf;ifg; gzpahl;nlhFjpapdu; xU tpopg;Gzu; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; Clhf ed;F mwpar; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. eltbf;if gzpahl;njhFjpapdu; fLikahd epiyikfspd; fPohd eltbf;ifs; Fwpj;J gapw;rp mspf;fg;gLtu;. gzpahl;njhFjpapdupd; njhopy; Rfhjhuk;> ghJfhg;G vd;gd eltbf;ifg; gzpahl;njhFjpapdUf;fhd kw;WnkhU Kf;fpakhd tplakhFk;. mjpfupj;js msT ePu; fpilf;fg;ngWtJld; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ mjpfupf;fg;gLtJld; mjd; tpisthf tptrha ,urhadg; nghUl;fSk; mjpfupf;Fk;. tptrhapfs; mt;thwhd ,urhadg; nghUl;fspd; rupahd ghtid Fwpj;J gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gjld; G+r;rp Kfhikj;Jtk;> Nrjd tskhf;fpfspd; gad;ghL> vd;gdtw;wpy; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mt;tz;zkhd xU epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lkhdJ tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. tptrhapfSf;fhd njhlu;r;rpahd gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd;nkhopag;gLfpwJ. ngUk; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; kPd;gpbahdJ mDkjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. kPdtu;fs; epu;khzj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf ghjpg;gilah khl;lhu;fs;. njhopyhsu; Kfhk;fshdit cU 4-3 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;lthwhf nghypgpj;jpfk kw;Wk; VidaJ ntkby;y ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;F mz;ikahf ,J mikf;fg;gLk;.

rhfpatpay; tsq;fs;

5.9 jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; - rhfpatpay; tsq;fs;

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpahdJ cyu; fyg;G vg;NghJk; gr;irf;fhLfs;> tsk; Fd;wpa ,aw;if fhLfs;> Mw;Nwhuq;fiuf; fhLfs;> tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;> ney;tay;fs;> my;yJ Vida tptrhaf; fhzpfs; Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,aw;ifj; jhtuq;fspd; xU gFjp Rj;jk; nra;ifahdJ ,U ePu;j;Njf;fg; gFjpfspYk; mizf;fl;Lf;fisAk; fhy;tha;fisAk; fl;Ltjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. murkuf; $l;Lj;jhgdkhdJ ntl;b tPo;j;Jtjw;Fk; murhq;f fhzp epyq;fspy; mtw;iw vLj;Jr;nry;tjw;Fk; mjpfhuj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;jr; nrad;KiwahdJ fhl;Lj;jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; murhq;f mjpgupdhy; KOikahff; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.


180

mizf;fl;Lfs; kw;Wk; %yg;nghUl;fis fpswp vLf;Fk; ,lq;fs;> fw;Fopfs; vd;gtw;iw nrd;wiltjw;fhd tPjpfs; vd;gd Vw;fdNt cs;s tz;ly; ghijfshfTk;> [Pg; ghijfshfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j Vw;fdNt cs;s ghijfis mfypf;f Ntz;b tUk;. %yg;nghUl;fis fpswp vLf;Fk; ,lq;fs; ePu;j;Njf;fg; gLf;iffshf ,Uf;Fk;. fw;Fopfshdit ghJfhg;G ,lq;fSf;F ntspapy; mike;jpUf;Fk;. ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs;shd jw;Nghija tPjpfs; fhl;bd; Clhf nghJtPjpfisj; jpwf;fhJ mfypf;fg;gLk;. fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfs; Kbe;j gpw;ghL jw;fhypf nrd;wiltjw;fhd tPjpfs; kPsf;fhlhf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;ij ,aw;if capupd tiffisg; gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;tjpd; %ykhd Kd;ida epiyf;F nfhz;Ltug;gLk;. fhy;tha; kw;Wk; mizf;fl;L miktplaq;fis

xl;bAs;s O&M tPjpahdJ eltbf;if kw;Wk; gupghypg;G Nehf;fq;fSf;F

mtrpakhdJ. ,e;j tPjpahdJ tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsj;jpd; fPo; ,Uf;Fk;..

,t; Ntiyf;fsk; kw;Wk; kPsf;fhlhf;fypd; msT vd;gdtw;iw ,dk;fhZtjw;fhf xU

tpgukhd xU fUj;jha;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. NWP fhy;tha; Mfpa kuf;ftpif kuk; %Lif ,y;yhj my;yJ kuq;fs; tpOj;jg;gl;l ,lq;fspd; topNa kuq;fis el KbAk; v;dgJld; nrd;wiltjw;fhd tPjpfs; %yg;nghUs; ;fpswg;gl;l ,lq;fs;> fw;Fopfs;> njhopyhsu; Kfhk; gFjpfs;> ku %Lif my;yhj Vida ,lq;fspYk; kuq;fis el KbAk;. `fy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpYs;s tsk; Fd;wp rpije;JNghd Njf;Fj; Njhl;lkhdJ RNjr ,d tiffSld; kuk; eLifia tskhf;fr; nra;tjw;F nghUj;jkhd ,lkhFk;. tskhf;fy; ku eLiff;F nghUj;jkhd epuy; xd;W gpd;dpizg;G

VI-V ml;ltiz 1-3.,y; fhzg;gLfpwJ. tskhf;fy; ku eLif kw;Wk; RNjr capupd tiffisg; Ngzy; vd;gtw;Wf;F xU Vf;fUf;fhd nkhj;j nrytpdk; &gh 400>000

MFk;. ,yq;if fhl;Lj; jpizf;fs Rw;WepUgk; 28/ 1998 ,d; fPo; (gpd;dpizg;G VI-V) iag; ghu;f;Ff. eLjy;> fhl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fisg; NgZjy;> ehw;WNkilg; gof;fq;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd kdpj ehl;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapd; tpguq;fisj; jUfpwJ. ,g;nghOJ xU

kdpjDf;F xU ehSf;fhd rhjhuz Cjpak; &gh 586.00. MFk;. ,e;j tpfpjkhdJ kPsf;fhlhf;fy; jhtu tskhf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis fUj;jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; mKy;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nrytpdj;ij fzpg;gjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. nghUshjhu uPjpapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtkhd ntl;L tif kuq;fisj; jUk; rpy kuq;fis vLj;Jf;nfhs;tJ ,ayf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. Vidaitfis cj;Njr ,U ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; nts;sg;ngUf;F gFjpfspy; tdtpyq;fpd; tho;tplkhf (gwitfSf;F ,iuahf> kw;Wk; gwitfspd; $L fl;Lk; ,lkhf) kw;Wk; kPd;fspd; tho;tplkhf tpl;L tplyhk;. guhf;fpuk rKj;jpuj;jpy; mkpo;iff;F Kd;ghf ngUk;gFjp ,lq;fs; kuq;fhshy; %lg;gl;bUg;gjhf b rpy;th (1988) Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. ,itfs; ,g;nghOJ gy;NtW vz;zpf;if mstpyhd jiyKiw fle;jitfshf cs;sd. kPd;gpb cgfuzq;fSf;F mghafukhdjhf kuq;fs; ,Ue;jnghOjpYk; kPdtu;fs; kPd;fs; mt;tz;zkhd ,lq;fspy; xd;W$Lk; Nghf;F ,Ug;gjpdhy; kuq;fspy; tiyfis mikj;Jf;nfhs;tu;. ,J kPd;gpbf;Fk; rhj;jpaj;ij mtu;fSf;F toq;FfpwJ. fhlhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy; epWtg;gl;l Gjpa

ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; vjpu;fhy ePu;j;Njf;f gLf;iffSf;F fhl;L %Lifapd; fpl;lj;jl;l 50 % ia tpl;LtpLtjw;F MNyhrid nfhLj;jhu;.

cj;Njr ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; kuq;fis ntl;b tpOj;Jk; msTNfhyhdJ ePu;j;Njf;fq;fis epug;Gtjw;F Kd;gjhf nts;sk; Vw;gLk; gFjpfspypUe;J vd;d kutiffs; my;yJ msT tFg;Gf;fspy; mfw;wg;gl Ntz;Lnkd jPu;khdpg;gjw;fhd xU msTNfhyhdJ ,yq;ifapy;

cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. FSL ,Ue;J 100 kPw;wu; xJf;fPL ePu;j;Njf;fg; gFjp epug;gg;gl;lJk; mJ RNjrpa ku tiffspdhy; kPs elg;gLk; my;yhJNghapd; fhl;L %LifahdJ nrwpT

Fiwe;J nry;Yk; my;yJ ,y;yhJ Ngha;tpLk;.


181

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf vo ,Uf;Fk; kpf fzprkhd jhf;fq;fs; ,uz;by; cs;slq;Ftdthf ,uz;L ePu;j;Njf;fq;fshd kfhfpj;Jy> kfhfpUy> vd;gd `fy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;F cs;shf mikf;fg;gLtjpd; epkpj;jkhf tho;tplq;fs; ,of;fg;gLtjhFk;. ,J cyu; fyg;G vg;NghJk; gr;irf;fhLfs;> tsq;Fd;wp rPuopAk; vg;NghJk; gr;irf;fhLfs; kw;Wk; Gju; epyq;fs; Nghd;w gy ,aw;if tho;tplq;fspy; gs;sk; Vw;gLtjw;Fr; nra;Ak;. ,e;j tho;tplq;fs; jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;F tiffspd; tho;tplq;fshf cs;sd. tho;tplq;fspd; ,og;ghdJ <Lnra;if> kPsf;fhlhf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;> ,Ue;jepiyf;F nfhz;LtUjy; kw;Wk; tskhf;fy;

kuk;eLjy; vd;gtw;wpd; Clhf jzpf;fg;glf;$baJ..

NkYk; jw;NghJs;s kpd;NtypahdJ Ntypapd; jw;Nghija mikTf;F cldbahf ntspahy; cs;s gad;gLj;jg;glhj VjhtJ gFjpfisAk; mj;Jld; NtW VjhtJ fhl;Lj;jpizf;fsj;jpw;F nrhe;jkhfpa ,e;j njhFjpf;Fs; ,izf;ff;$ba Njhl;lf;fhLfisAk; cs;slf;Fk;gbahf kPs; rupnra;if nra;ag;glTs;sJ. ,J jw;NghJs;s ruzhyaj;jpw;F fpl;lj;jl;l 300 n`f;Nlaiu ,d;Dk; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;Sk;.

`fy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;F cs;shd ,uz;L cj;Njr Fsq;fspd; ePNue;J gFjpfspy; rPuope;j tsk; Fd;wpa Njf;F Njhl;lq;fs; cs;s ,lj;jpy; mtw;wpd; tskhf;fy; kw;Wk; kPs eLjYf;fhf fUj;jpl;lkhdJ epjpia toq;Ftjw;Fk; gFjpapy; RNjr capupd tiffspd; tho;tplq;fspd; nfhz;L nry;Yk; ,aYikia mjpfupg;gjw;F fhl;L tho;tplq;fis tsg;gLj;Jtjw;F nghUj;jkhd RNjr kuq;fSld; mt;tplj;ij tsg;gLj;jp kPs kuq;fs; eLtjw;F fUj;jpl;lk; epjpaq;fis toq;fTk; rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. cj;Njr fhlhf;fy; gFjpfis cU 5-2 fhl;LfpwJ.

tpyq;F

cau; kdpj ahid Kuz;ghl;ilj; jtpu;j;jy;

,uz;lhtJ fzprkhd jhf;fkhf ,Ug;gJ ahidfspd; tho;tplq;fs; ,og;gpd; epkpj;jkhfTk; cyu;tyaj;jpd;nghOJ ntw;Wepykhff; iftplg;gl;bUe;j ifJ nra;ag;gLk; epyq;fs; ghtpf;fg;gLtjpdhy; ahidfis mt;tplq;fSf;F nry;tij jLf;fr; nra;Ak; mjpfupj;j gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpapdhYk; kdpj ahid Kuz;ghL mjpfupg;gjhFk;. `fy;y

gy;Nyfy Resvehera ruzhyaj;jpd; gFjpfspy; jw;nghOJ caustpy; kdpj ahid Kuz;ghL fhzg;gLtjhf ,dk;fhzg;gLfpwJ. gUtfhyg; gapu;r;nra;iffSf;F ePu;g;ghrd ePiu toq;FtJ kw;Wk; tho;tplq;fspd; ,og;G vd;gtw;Wld; Nru;e;J jw;Nghija Kuz;ghl;L epiyahdJ mjpfupf;fg;gLfpwJ. MfNt jw;NghJs;s kpd;NtypahdJ tho;tplq;fspd; ,og;Gf;fhf <Lnra;tjw;F ,aw;if tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; kdpjd; gad;gLj;Jk; ,lq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd rhfpatpay; vy;iyf;F jw;NghjpUf;Fk; kpd;Ntypia efu;j;Jtjw;F rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

ahid gad;gLj;Jk; KOg;gFjpAk; kdpju; gad;gLj;Jk; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J kpd;Ntypapd; Clhf gpupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j kpd;NtypahdJ jw;nghOJ gpuNjr nrayhsupd; xUq;fpizg;gpd; fPo; cs;Su; rdr%fj;jhy; cjtp mspf;fg;glf;$ba rptpy; ghJfhg;G gilapduhy; jw;nghOJ Ngzg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf

mjpfupj;j HEC ia jPu;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F ePu;g;ghrd mikr;rhy; Nkyjpf epjpaq;fsk;

xJf;fg;gLk;. ePu;g;ghrd mikr;rhdJ Vw;fdNt fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; NCP flk; 1 ,d; fPo; tUk; ePu; gha;r;rf;$ba KOg;gFjpf;Fkhd xU je;jpNuhgha nraw;jpl;lj;ij jahupg;gjw;fhf

IUCN,yq;iff;F nghWg;Gf; nfhLj;Js;sJ.

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ePz;l fhy;thAld; rk;ge;jgl;L ,Ug;gjpdhy; fhy;tha;fshdit fhy;tha;fis flf;Fk; kpUfq;fSf;F ghJfhg;ghd ghijia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Mff; Fiwe;jJ 500 kPw;wu; ,ilntspfspy; fl;likg;Gf;fspy; cs;spizf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; me;j kpUfq;fs; fhy;thapy; tpOe;jhy; Rygkhf ntspNawf;$bajhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (cU 5-1 iag; ghu;f;Ff.) kpFjpahd jhf;fq;fSk; ed;F jpl;lkpLjy; kw;Wk; Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jtj;ij epiwNtw;Wjy; Clhf Rygkhf jzpf;fg;glf;$baJ.


182

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183

5.10 jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; - r%f fyhrhu mk;rq;fs;

5.10.1 ,lk;ngau;e;j rdr%fj;jpdiu kPsf; FbNaw;Wjy;

5.10.1.1 toptiffspd; tpUj;jp kw;Wk; xU rdr%fg; gq;Fgw;Wifiag; gad;gLj;jp fhzp Rtpfupg;G kw;Wk; kPs; FbNaw;wj;jpw;fhd nfhs;iffs; Ra MjuT kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; cw;gj;jp jpwid trjpg;gLj;Jtjpdhy; kPs; FbNaw;wj;jpd;

ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fis jtpu;j;jy; my;yJ Fiwj;jYf;fhd Vw;ghLfisr; nrhy;Yk; NIRP mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L xUkPs;FbNaw;w nraw;jpl;lkhdJ rdr%f gq;Fgw;Wifapd; xU KiwapaYlDk; nfhs;ifapy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l epge;jidfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;. xU jifik tha;e;j mDgtKila kPs; FbNaw;w MNyhrfupdhy; xU tpgukhd nraw;jpl;lk; jahupf;fg;gLtjhdJ jw;nghOJ jahupf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ.

,e;j kPs; FbNaw;w jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf nghWg;ngLf;fg;gl;l fsj;jpd; xU neUf;fkhd tprhuizahdJ 22 FLk;gq;fs; khj;jpuNk ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ kw;WK; jhf;fkhdJ xU gFjpahdJ vd ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,e;j xd;W jtpu;e;j vy;yhf; FLk;gq;fspYk; mtu;fsJ fhzpapd; ghjpf;fg;glhj gFjpf;F khwf;$bNahuha; ,Ug;gJ epidTf;F te;Js;sJ. kpFjpahd FLk;gq;fshdit jd;dhu;tkhf fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; toq;fg;gLk; mz;kpj;j gFjpapy; cs;s fhzpj;Jz;Lf;F efUtjw;F jd;dhu;tkhf tpUg;gk; njuptpj;Js;sdu;.

5.10.2 ,lk;khwpa Ml;fspd; tho;thjhuq;fis Kd;Ndw;WtJ kPjhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; ,f; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; jhf;fj;jpw;F cs;shf;fg;gLk; kf;fspd; tho;thjhuq;fs; tUkhd %yq;fs; r%f tiyg;gpd;dy; vd;gtw;wpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,t;tz;zkhd ,og;Gf;fSf;fhf kPs; FbNaw;wj;jpl;lj;jpy; gpujpgypf;f fhl;lg;gLk;thwhf cupa el;l<l;L kl;lKk; kw;Wk; tUkhdq;fspd; khw;W %yq;fSk; mt;thwhd ghjpf;fg;gl;l Ml;fSf;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. (tpguq;fSf;F kPs; FbNaw;wj;jpl;lj;jpid jaT nra;J ghu;f;Ff)

5.10.3 mg;gFjp kf;fs; kw;Wk; Gyk;ngau;e;NjhUf;fpilapy; Kuz;ghLfisj; jPu;g;gjw;fhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; kPs; FbNaw;wg;gFjpfspy; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ tPjp trjpfs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs;> Rfhjhu MNuhf;fpa trjpfs;> njhiyj;njhlu;G trjpfs;> fy;tp trjpfs;> nghOJNghf;F trjpfs; tu;j;jf trjpfs; Nghd;w kPs; FbNaWgtu;fshYk; mtu;fis tuNtw;Fk; rdr%fj;jpduhYk; gad;gL;j;jf;$ba mbg;gil trjpfis toq;Fk;. tuNtw;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,lk;khw;wg;gLNthUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd r%f nghUshjhu ey;YwTfisAk; kw;Wk; fyhrhu ey; mk;rq;fisAk; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd Kf;fpa Vw;ghLfSk; fzprkhd fhyg;gFjpf;F mtw;wpid gpd;njhlUtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,lk;ngaUk; rdr%fj;jpd; jd;dhu;tkw;w ,lk;ngau;T %yk; tuNtw;Fk; rdr%fj;jpdUf;Fk; ,d;Dk; gyUf;Fk; fUj;jpl;l ed;ikfisf; nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf RatpUg;gw;W ,lk;ngau;e;jpUf;Fk; mtu;fsJ jpahf tfpgq;F Fwpj;J tuNtw;Fk; rdr%fj;jpdu; ed;F mwpar; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. rkaj; jiytu;fs;> murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kw;Wk; rdr%fj; jiytu;fs; Clhf Gyk;ngau;Nthu; Nehf;fpa ed;wp kNdhghtj;ij vOg;Gk; Nehf;fpy; tuNtw;Fk; rdr%fj;jpdUf;F ,e;j nra;jp flj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. el;l<L kw;Wk; tho;thjhuj;ij kPsg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; kPjhd jfty;fshtd cupa kPs;FbNaw;w mKy;gLj;jy; jpl;lj;jpy; fz;Lnfhs;s KbAk;.


184

5.10.4 tUkhdk; <l;Lk; Kiwikfs; kPjhd jhf;fq;fs; kPjhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; Cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nraw;ghLfshtd gy Mz;Lfshf mq;F tjpNthuhy; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l tUkhd %yq;fspdhy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$Lk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpdhy; ,e;j cz;ikAk; fUj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Kiwrhuh tptrhag; gof;fq;fshfpa jw;Nghija Kiwikfs; gpd;Nd js;sg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; mjpfk; Kiwikfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; mjpf njhopy;El;gj;Jld; $ba gapu;r;nra;ifahdJ Vw;W iff;nfhs;ssg;gl Ntz;Lk;. tptrhapfs; rdr%fkhdJ gz;iz mDgtq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; ,e;j eilKiw Fwpj;J mwpar; nra;ag;gLtJld; ,e;j nrad;Kiwapd; cau; cw;gj;jp jpwd; Fwpj;J ek;g itf;fg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;. cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l kdkhw;wj;ij tptrhapfspilNa Vw;gLj;Jtij Nehf;fp ,J ,l;Lr; nry;yg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5.10.5 tpNrl ftdk; Ntz;ba rdr%f FOf;fs; fUj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; tjpgtu;fis kPs;FbNaw;wk; nra;ifapy; gpd;tUk; tpNrl FOf;fSf;F tpNrl guprPypg;G nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. taJ Kjpu;e;j ,aYikAila kNdhuPjpahd NehAila jdpj;j ngz;fs; (tpjitfs; ,d;Dk; gy) Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ijf; nfhz;Nlhu; Nghd;Nwhiu tPl;by; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fs; tpNrlkhf guprPypf;f Ntz;batu;fshf ,Ug;gJld; fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; Gjpa tPLfs; fl;Ltjpy; cjtp nra;ag;gl Ntz;bNahuhAk; cs;sdu;.

tUkhdk; <l;Lk; toptiffs; tWikf;Nfhl;lf;F fPNo thOk; FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; ngz;fis FLk;gj; jiytu;fshff; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,ayhikAld; $ba Ml;fSf;F mtu;fs; efu;Tj; jpwidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tiuAk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyg;gFjpf;F (fpl;lj;jl;l 18 khjq;fSf;F) khjhe;j nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gLtjw;Fk; rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

5.10.6 tptrhag; nghUshjhu Kaw;rpfspd; kPjhd ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fSf;fhd cj;Njr jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;

tptrhapfs; epWtdq;fisg; gyg;gLj;Jjy; tptrhapfs; jkJ Njitg;ghLfisf; $l;lhfTk; jhkhf rl;luPjpahfTk; ntspg;gilahd KiwapYk; nrsfupakhd KiwapYk; jkJ nrhe;j Vw;ghl;by; rhjpj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F Njitg;gLk; mwpT> kw;Wk; jpwd;fisf; nfhLf;Fk; mNj Ntisapy; tptrhapfs; epWtdq;fs; gyg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

ePu;g;ghrd ePiu tpepNahfpf;Fk; Kiw

ePu;g;ghrd Kiwikapd; ghJfhg;Gk; gupghypg;Gk;

cWg;gpdu;fSf;F cupa Neuj;jpy; ,urhad cs;sPLfis toq;FjYk; jkJ cw;gj;jpfis ey;y tpiyf;F e;ijg;gLj;Jtjpy; cjtp nra;jYk;

tptrhaj;jpy; gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; tptrhaj;jpy; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l mwpTld; rdr%f mgptpUj;jpia Nehf;fpa $l;L Kaw;rpAld; gzpahw;WtjhdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; nfhz;LtUk; khw;wq;fSld; vOk; Vw;glf;$ba ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fSf;F vjpuhf mtu;fis ,aYkhd Kiwapy; gyg;gLj;Jk;. mitfs;

gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk;;

mjpf cw;gj;jpjpwd; tha;e;j gapu;r;nra;ifg; ghzpia Nehf;fp mtu;fis nrYj;Jtjw;fhf njhlg;gl Ntz;ba jiyg;Gf;fs;

Kiw uPjpahd fhzpj; jahupg;G

rpwe;j mWtilf;fhf tpijfisj; njupT nra;jy;

fsj;jpy; jhtuq;fs; /tpijfis epWtpf;nfhs;Sjy;


185

gapu;j;Njitfspd; gpufhuk; tskhf;fpfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;> tptrha ,urhadg; nghUl;fis Fiwe;jsT gad;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Nrjd tskhf;fpfspd; gad;ghl;il epWtpf;nfhs;sjy;

gapupd; ePu;;j;Njitapd; gpufhuk; cupa Neuj;jpy; ePu;g;ghrdk; nra;jy;

G+r;rpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;fhd Kiwrhu; Kiwfs; G+r;rpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;fhf Nrjd kw;Wk; $l;L G+r;rpf;fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfis mwpKfk; nra;jy;

mWtil nra;jy; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jypd; Kiwrhu; Kiwfs;

tptrha cw;gj;jpfis re;ijg;gLj;Jjy;

xU KiwikuPjpahd ePu; Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jjy; cau; Fsq;fspypUe;J tUk; tbe;J nry;Yk; kw;Wk; tbfhy; ePuhdJ mLj;j fl;lj;ij vl;Lk; Kiwikapy; rpwpa Fsq;fs; xU njhFjp Kiwapy; nraw;gLfpd;wd. ,J kpfTk; tpidj;jpwdhd topf;F khw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; Fiwe;j cauk; nfhz;l Fsq;fisf; nfhz;l tptrhapfs; jkJ gq;F ePiug; ngWtjw;F ePz;lfhyk; fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. fUj;jpl;l Kfhikahsu; ,e;j tplaj;jpy; jiyapl;L tptrhapfs; rq;fj;Jld; $l;lhf xU rpwe;j Kiwikf;F tu Ntz;Lk;. ,J ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba xU Nfs;tp $ba tplakhFk;.

Nkw;gb epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;ij cUthf;fpa gpw;ghL tptrhapfs; rq;fq;fs; ePu;;g;ghrd ePupd; rpf;fdkhd Kiwik gw;wp mwpar; nra;ag;gl N;tz;Lnkd;gJld; gapupd; ePu;j;Njitg;ghLfisg; nghWj;J gfpu;e;J nfhs;sTk; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mwpthdJ mtu;fs; Clhf rdr%fj;jpw;F gutr; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

xU cupa re;ijg;gLj;jy; jpl;lj;ij cUthf;FtJk; mKy;gLj;jYk; ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lkhdJ epiwe;jstpy; fpilf;fg; ngw;wJk; cau;e;jsT cw;gj;jp jpwd; ,yf;Ffis miltJ kPjhd tptrhapfspd; Mu;tj;Jld; tptrha cw;gj;jpfspd; msthdJ tptrha cw;gj;jpfspd; re;ijiar; nrd;wilAk; msthdJ mjpfupf;Fk;. ,J rpyNtisfspy; ghjfkhd tpUg;gj;jpw;F khwhd tifapy; tpiyfs; tPo;r;rpailtjw;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;. ,e;jf; fl;lj;jpy; jhd; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ,d;ndhU epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpw;F fhnyb vLj;J itj;J mKy;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

tptrhapfs; epWtdq;fSf;F njhifahf nfhs;tdT nra;Ak; epWtdq;fis mwpKfk; nra;tJld;> njhlu;Gfisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F cjTjy;

re;ij jpirKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l tptrha cw;gj;jpfis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F tptrhapfis Cf;Ftpj;jy;

czT cw;gj;jp kpjkpQ;rpa mstpy; ,Uf;Fk;nghOJ gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba czitg; ghJfhf;Fk; Kiwfis Cf;Ftpj;jy; ( xU FWq;fhyg; gFjpf;fhtJ Nrkpg;gjw;fhf)

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; gok; kw;Wk; kuf;fwpfSf;fhf cw;gj;jp ifj;njhopy; Jiwfis epWTtjw;F ftdk; nfhLj;jy; ,e;j epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lkhdJ ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsj;jpd; ePu;g;ghrd Kfhikj;Jtg; gpuptpdhy; tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;> tu;j;jf tq;fpfs;> jdpahu; Jiw Nghd;w Vida jpizf;fsq;fspd; MjuTld; trjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J ePu;g;ghrd Kiikj;Jtg; gpuptpd; rhjhuz epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lkhFk;.

GijnghUspay; kw;Wk; fyhrhu tsq;fs;

5.11 GijnghUspay; ,lq;fSf;fhd jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs;

GijnghUs; jpizf;fskhdJ fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; xU GijnghUspay; jhf;f kjpg;gpl;bid elhj;jpaJ. ,t; mwpf;ifahdJ 2013 ngg;utupapy; ePu;g;ghrd mikr;Rf;F rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t; mwpf;ifahdJ jhf;fk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l gFjpfSf;fhd jzpg;G Vw;ghLfis rpghu;R nra;jJ. cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpfspd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;


186

jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;F vLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba jzpg;G Vw;ghLfs; fPNo

nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. EIA GijnghUspay; FOtpduhy; elhj;jg;gl;l kjpg;gPl;L jhf;fkhdJ

mwpf;ifapy; gpd;dpizg;G VI – IV GijnghUspay; vd;w jiyg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gLfpwJ.

GijnghUspay; jpizf;fskhdJ 01/08/2013 jpfjpaplg;gl;l H/EXP/EIA/NWP/2013 vd;w ,yf;fKila mtu;fsJ fbjj;jpdhy; cj;Njrf; fUj;jpl;lj;ij mq;fPfupj;Js;sJ

L14. ePyfk Guhjd Nfhtpy; eelagama Ancient Temple

ghiwf; fy;ntl;Lf;fspd; $ba ePyfk Guhjd NfhtpyhdJ fhy;thapd;;; ,lJ gf;fj;jpypUe;J fpl;lj;jl;l 123 kPw;wu; njhiyTf;Fs;shf ghiwf; Fd;wpy;

mike;Js;sJ. ,g;gFjpapd; Gs;spapd; GPS epiyahdJ 070N 46.677 kw;Wk; 800E 32.158 vd;gd cs;sd. fhy;thapd; epu;khzpg;gpd; epkpj;jkhf Neubj;jhf;fk; vJTk; Vw;glhJ tpbDk; fhy;tha; epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ tpNrlkhf ghu ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; ghiw ntbf;f itj;jypd;NghJ mjPjkhd Kd;ndr;rupf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

L18. nfhufg;ngy];] tpYs;s Cairn Gijf;Fk; ,lk;

`fy;y gy;Nyf fhl;L ghJfhg;G ,lj;jpd; fhy;thapd; ,lJgf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 100 kPw;wu;

J}uj;jpw;Fs;shf 100 x 100 kPw;wu; tp];jPuzg;gFjpapy; Cairn Gijf;Fk; gFjp fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. gFjpahdJ ,uz;L gpujhd Fsq;fs;> xU FbapUg;igAk; kw;Wk; ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gFjp

vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;jg;gFjpapd; GPS Gs;spfshf 070N 49.841 kw;Wk; 800E 29.447 vd;gd cs;sd. ,g;gFjpahdJ kfhfpj;Jy Fsj;jpd; epu;khzj;Jld; ,g;gFjpahdJ %o;f ,Ug;gjpdhy; gFjpapd; Neubj; jhf;fk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf ,dk;fhzg;glf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,e;jg; gFjpahdJ Njf;Fg; gapu;r;nra;ifapd; epkpj;jkhf Fog;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; kfhfpj;Jy Fsj;jpd; ,g;gFjpahdJ %o;f ,Ug;gjpd; epkpj;jkhf xU GijnghUspay; mfo;thuhr;rpAld; ,g;gFjpapid gjpT nra;J nfhs;tjw;F GijnghUspay; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F mwptpj;J mwpTWj;jy;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kd;nkhopag;gLfpwJ.

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jhf;f kjpg;gPl;by; ,J mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.Cairn Burial Site in an area of.

L19. Guhjd ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gbTfs;

Guhjd ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gbfkhdJ 75 x 75 kPw;wu; mz;zsthd epyg;gug;gpy; Njf;F gapuplg;gl;l gFjpapy; fhy;thapd; ,lJgf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 100 kPw;wUf;Fs;shf rptg;G

potsherd; gz;lq;fSld; xU ,aw;if ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gbT cs;sjhf rpW

Fd;whf ,dk;fhzg;gl;lJ. ,g;ggFjpapd; GPS Gs;spahf 070N 49.841 kw;Wk; 800E

29.447vd;gd cs;sd. ,g;gFjpahdJ ePupy; %o;fpg;Nghf ,Ug;gjhy; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd;

fhuzkhf L18 ,y; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;l Cairn Gijf;Fk; gFjpAld; Nru;j;J ,JTk; tprhupf;fg;glf;$baJ

L20. mope;JNghd kfhfpj;Jy Fsk;

kfhfpj;Jy Fsk; MdJ Kw;W KOjhf mope;Js;sJld; mjd; Guhjd kjfhdJ ,dk;fhzg;glf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,e;j kjF ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; gy fy;

jfLfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,g;gFjpapd; GPS Gs;spahdJ 070N 49.908 kw;Wk; 800E 29.239 vd;gd cs;sJ. Fsk; MdJ kPsf; fl;Ltjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhy; kjFf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd fw;jfLfs; Mdit mkpog;gLk; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J mfw;;;;;;;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; Gjpa kjFf;F mz;ikapy; fhl;rpf;fhf mLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J GijnghUs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;bd; rpghu;rhf cs;sJ


187

L27. [ayj;fkNtth Guhjdf; Fsk;

[ayj;fkNtth Guhjd FskhdJ fl;lj;jl;l mope;j 150 kPw;wu; mizf;fl;Lld; GPS

Gs;spfs; 070N 55.706 kw;Wk; 800E 23.407 ,y; mike;Js;sJ. GijnghUspay; vr;rq;fspd; ve;j rhd;WfSk; ,dk;fhzg;glhjikahy; ,f;fUj;jp;l;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ePiu ,f; Fsk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjhf ,Ue;jhYk; ve;j jhf;fKk; Vw;glg;Nghtjpy;iy.

L28. neYk;Ntth Guhjd Fsk;

neYk;Ntth Guhjd FskhdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 75 kPw;wu; ePskhd mope;j mizAld; GPS

Gs;sp 070N 55.874 kw;Wk; 800E 23.394 ,y; mike;Js;sJ. GijnghUspay; vr;rq;fspd; vt;tpj rhd;WfSk; ,dk;fhzg;gl Kbatpy;iy. NkYk; Fsj;jpd; GdUj;jhuzkhdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPNo vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gJld; mjd; epkpj;jkhf ve;j jhf;fKk; ,y;iy

L29. nfhuf;;;;;;;; ;;`fNtth Guhjd Fsk;

nfhuf;`fNtth Guhjd Fsk; MdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 75 kPw;wu; ePskhd mope;j mizAld;

GPS Gs;sp 070N 55.935 kw;Wk; 800E 23.367 ,y; fhzg;gLfpwJ. GijnghUspay; vr;rq;fspd; vt;tpj rhd;WfSk; ,dk;fhzg;glhikahy; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J ,f;Fsj;jpw;F ePu; nrYj;Jtjw;F jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lhYk; jhf;fk; vijAk; Vw;gLj;j khl;lhJ

L30. Nghy;`hfNtth Guhjd Fsk;

Nghy;`hfNtth Guhjd Fsk; MdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 80 kPw;wu; ePskhd mope;j

mizf;fl;Lld; GPS Gs;sp 070N 55.994 kw;Wk; 800E 23.378 mike;Js;sJ. GijnghUspay; vr;rq;fspd; vt;tpj rhd;WfSk; ,dk;fhzg;glhikahy; f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J ,f;Fsj;jpw;F ePu; nrYj;Jtjw;F jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lhYk; jhf;fk; vijAk; Vw;gLj;j khl;lhJ


188

6. tp];jupf;fg;gl;l fpua ed;ik gFg;gha;T

6.1 mwpKfk;

,yq;ifapd; Njrpa nghUshjhuj;jpy; Rw;whly; kw;Wk; KjyPl;L tpidj;jpwd; mbg;gilapy; fUj;jpl;lj;ij kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf tp];jupf;fg;gl;l fpua ed;ikg; gFg;gha;thdJ mbg;gil nghUshjhu gFg;gha;TfSf;Fs; Rw;whly; ngWkhdq;fis cs;spizf;fpwJ.

tp];jupf;fg;gl;l fpua ed;ikg; gFg;gha;thdJ gpd;;tUk; gbepiyfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ..

I. fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfis ,dk; fhZjy;

a. nghUshjhuf; fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfs;

b. Rw;wh;ly; fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfs;

c. r%f fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfs;

II. Vida epGzu;fSld; fye;jhNyhrpj;J jhf;fq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij jPu;khdpj;jy;.

III. ,dk; fhzg;gl;l fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfspd; kjpg;gPL

IV. jw;Nghija epfug; ngWkhdk; kjpg;gpLjy;(NPV), kPsf; fpilg;gjd; cs;sf tpfpjk;

(IRR) ,d;Dk; gy

V. fUj;jpl;l fhyg;gFjpf;fhd ed;ik kw;Wk; fpua Xl;lq;fspy; khw;wq;fspd; jhf;fq;fis gupNrhjpg;gjw;fhd xU $Uzu;Tg; gFg;gha;tpid Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;

VI. nra;ahJ jtpu;g;gitfisAk; xUjiyg;gl;lrkhditfisAk; epr;rakpd;ikfisAk; mq;fPfupj;jy; mj;Jld; nghUshjhu gFg;gha;T kPjhd mtw;wpd; jhf;fj;ijAk;

mq;fPfupj;jy;.

fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfspd; ,dk; fhZifahdJ fUj;jpl;l Mtzq;fs;> rhj;jpats mwpf;if> kw;Wk; Vida njhlu;Gila Mtzq;fs; kw;Wk; fstp[aq;fs; vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. cupa mbg;gilj; juTfs; kw;Wk; jfty;fshdit tpdhf;nfhj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fzpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; cupa mjpfhupfSldhd jdpg;gl;l Neu;fhzy;fs; Clhf Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld. ,uz;lhk;epiyj; juTfshdit fUj;jpl;l

Mjuthsu;fs;> EIA cWg;gpdu;fs; kw;Wk; njhlu;Gila cj;jpNahfG+u;t Mtzq;fs; vd;gdtw;wpd; cjtpAld; Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld. kjpg;gPl;L KiwapayhdJ xt;nthU fpua

kw;Wk; ed;ik tplaj;JlDk; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ..

nghUshjhu rhj;jpaj;jd;ikahdJ NPV ahy; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;lJ. vy;yhf; fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; njhlf;$ba fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd ml;LW ed;ikfs; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gy gFjp 50

Mz;Lfs; fhyg;gFjpapd; mbg;gilahf itj;J kjpg;gPlL nra;ag;gl;lJ. NPV,d;

fzpg;Gf;fhf xU 10% fopT tPjkhdJ ,yq;ifapd; %yjdj;jpy;; re;ju;g;g nrytpisf;

fUj;jpy; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;lJ. fpuak; / my;yJ ed;ikapd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glhj jsk;gy;fis mDkhdpj;J fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nghUshjhu ,aYikj; jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf xU $Uzu;T gupl;rpg;G elhj;jg;gl;lJ. fzprkhd jhf;fq;fshf ,Ue;Jk; juTfs; fpilf;fg;ngwhikapdhy; ngWkjp ,lg;glhjitfs; jPu;khdk; vLg;gjpy; cjTtjw;fhf ju mbg;gilapy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. gutyhd jhf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; ePbj;J epiyf;Fk; tplaq;fs; vd;gdTk; ju mbg;gilapyhdtw;wpNyNa ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg;gLk;.


189

6.2 fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfis ,dk; fhZjYk; kjpg;gpLjYk;

gpd;tUk; gpupthdJ Neubf; fUj;jpl;lf; fpuak; (epiyahd kw;Wk; eltbf;if rhu;e;jJ) nghUshjhuf; fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; Rw;whly; fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;jpl;l ed;ikfspd; kjpg;gpliy tpgupf;fpwJ.

6.2.1 fUj;jpl;lf; fpuaq;fs;

nkhj;j Neubf; fUj;j;pl;lf; fpuakhdJ ,yq;if &gh 14,447.3 (crhj;Jiz: fUj;jpl;l

tbtikg;Gf; FO) fpuaq;fspd; jdpg;gl;l cl;$Wfshdit fPNo tpgupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

6.2.1.1 epiyahd fpuaq;fs; tUlhe;j tpgur; rpWnjhiffSldhd fUj;jpl;l nkhj;j epiyahd fpuakhdJ gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; jug;gLfpwJ. gpd;tUk; fpuaq;fshdJ epu;thff; fpuaq;fs;> ngsjPf kw;Wk; tpiyapl Vw;ghLfs; vd;gtw;iwAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

ml;ltiz 4-18 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; rptpy; Ntiyf;fhd tUlhe;j epiyahd fpuak;

Mz;L Mz;Lf;fhd fpuak; (,yq;if &gh kpy;ypadpy;)

1 2,287.9

2 3,692.7

3 2,127.7

4 1,213.3

5 653.9

6 1,684.8

7 1,592.6

8 1,194.4

nkhj;jk; 14,447.3

6.2.1.2 el;l<l;Lf; fpuaq;fs;

NWP fhy;tha; gFjpapd; fhzpfs; kw;Wk; nrhj;Jf;fSf;fhd el;l<l;Lf; fpuaq;fspd;

tpguq;fSk;> ,lkhw;wYf;fhd fpuaq;fSk; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; jug;gLfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 4-19 fhzpfs; kw;Wk; nrhj;Jf;fspd; el;l<l;Lf; fpuak; kw;Wk; ,lkhw;wy; fpuak;

cl;$W ,lk;khw;wy; / el;l<l;Lf;fpuak; (,yq;if &gh kpy;)

KOikahfTk;> gFjpahfTk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fSk; ifJ nra;ag;gl;l fhzpfs; kw;Wk;

212


190

tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;

nkhj;jk; 212

(%yk;: r%f nghUshjhu Ma;T kw;Wk; gFg;gha;T mwpf;if> [dtup 2014)

6.2.1.3 eltbf;if fpuaq;fs; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizahdJ fUj;jpl;l eltbf;if kw;Wk; NgZiff; fpuaq;fSld;

njhlu;Gila tpguq;fis toq;FfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 4-20 ePu;g;ghrd fl;likg;Gfspd; eltbf;if kw;Wk; NgZiff; fpuaq;fs;

Mz;L 0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-50

tUlhe;j O&M fpuak; (&. kp.)

15 30 31.5 33.0 34.5 36 37.5 39.0 42.0

(%yk;: ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; - nrhj;Jf;fs; Kfhikj;Jtj; jpizf;fsk;)

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nghUsjhu tho;thdJ 50 tUlq;fshf vLf;fg;gLfpwJ.

6.2.1.4 nrhj;jpd; Vida nghUshjhuf; fpuaq;fs; Nkw; nrhy;yg;gl;litfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf fUj;jpl;lkhdJ nghUshjhuj;jpw;F NtW gy

fpuaq;fisAk; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. gpd;tUk; gpupT tpguq;fisj; jUfpwJ.

6.2.1.4.1 epu;khzj; jhf;fq;fs;

gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz cj;Njr NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l fhzpfs;

njhlu;ghd tpguq;fisj; jUfpwJ .

ml;ltiz 4-21 cj;Njr NWP fhy;thapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l fhzpfs;

fhzpapd; tif tp];jPuzk; (n`f;)

tUlhe;j cw;gj;jpjpwd; (& kpy;.)

ney; 55 6.8

njd;id 10 1.2

tPl;Lj;Njhl;lk; 95 5.4

Nridg;gapu; 25 2.0

nkhj;jk; 185 15.4

(%yk;: NWP tbtikg;Gf; FO) ,jpNy ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l vy;yh re;ijg; ngWkhdq;fSk; tptrhaj;Jiwf;fhd epak

epiykhw;wy; fhuzpahy;> 0.785 ngUf;fpajd; %yk; nghUshjhug; ngWkhdj;jpw;F khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.


191

6.2.1.4.2 Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;G fpuaq;fs; Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;G tpguq;fs; kw;Wk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l nrytpdq;fs; mj;jpahak; 9 ,y; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. gpd;tUk; ml;ltizfshdit xt;nthU gpujhd tplaj;jpidAk;

If;fpag;gLj;jpf; fhl;LfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 4-22 tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; jhtuq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G kw;Wk; fz;fhzpj;jy; fpuaq;fs;

Mz;L jzpg;G (,yq;if &gh kpy;)

fz;fhzpg;G (,yq;if &gh kpy;)

nkhj;jk; (,yq;if &gh kpy;)

1 15 1 16

2 15 1 16

3 20 1 21

4 75 1.5 76.5

5 75 1.5 76.5

6 0 1.5 1.5

7 0 1.5 1.5

8 0 0.5 0.5

ml;ltiz 4-23 tpyq;Ffs; kPjhd jhf;fj;jpw;fhd jzpg;G fpuak;

Mz;Lr %yjdf; fpuak; (& kpy;)

cWjpg;gLj;jy; epjp (& kpy;)

NgZif fpuak; 500,000 / tUlj;jpw;F xt;nthU 5 tUlq;fSf;Fk; 5% mjpfupj;jy;

nkhj;jk; (& kpy;)

1 25 10 0.50 35.50

2 5 0.50 5.50

3 5 0.50 5.50

4 5 0.50 5.50

5 5 0.50 5.50

6 5 0.53 5.53

7 0.53 0.53

8 0.53 0.53

9 0.53 0.53


192

10 0.53 0.53

11 0.55 0.55

12 0.55 0.55

13 0.55 0.55

14 0.55 0.55

15 0.55 0.55

16 0.55 0.55

17 0.58 0.58

18 0.58 0.58

19 0.58 0.58

20 0.58 0.58

21 0.58 0.58

22 0.61 0.61

23 0.61 0.61

24 0.61 0.61

25 0.61 0.61

26 0.61 0.61

27 0.70 0.70

28 0.70 0.70

29 0.70 0.70

30 0.70 0.70

31 0.70 0.70

32 0.74 0.74

33 0.74 0.74

34 0.74 0.74

35 0.74 0.74

36 0.74 0.74


193

37 0.78 0.78

38 0.78 0.78

39 0.78 0.78

40 0.78 0.78

41 0.78 0.78

42 0.81 0.81

43 0.81 0.81

44 0.81 0.81

45 0.81 0.81

46 0.81 0.81

47 0.86 0.86

48 0.86 0.86

49 0.86 0.86

50 0.86 0.86

jhtuk; kw;Wk; tpyq;fpdq;fs; njhlu;Gila NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l jzpg;Gf; fpuaq;fisj; jtpu NtW gy jzpg;Gf; fpuaq;fs; mj;jpahak; 3 ,y; Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fpuaq;fshdit xU Neuj; njhlupy; ml;ltiz 6-7 ,y; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 4-24 Vida Rw;whly; fzpg;Gf;fSk; fz;fhzpg;G fpuaq;fSk;

Mz;L fpuak; (&gh)

1 8,355,000.00

2 11,771,000.00

3 12,120,000.00

4 11,450,000.00

5 10,914,000.00

6 10,466,000.00

7 9,240,000.00

8 7,860,000.00


194

9 3,680,000.00

10 3,680,000.00

6.2.2 fUj;jpl;l ed;ikfs;

6.2.2.1 tptrhaj;jpypUe;jhd ed;ikfs;

NWP fhy;thapd; fPo; ve;jg; GJ Nkyjpf ,lq;fSk; gapu; nra;ag;gLtjpy;iy Mdhy; jw;NghJs;s fhzpfspy; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpahdJ mjpfupf;fg;gLk;. mjpfupf;fg;gl;l gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpapypUe;J ed;ik fpilf;Fk;. gpd;tUk; ml;ltizahdJ ePu;gha;r;rf;$ba ,lq;fs; njhlu;Gila tpguq;fisAk; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jp kw;Wk; fUj;jpl;lkpd;wpNah my;yJ ,y;yhkNyh mjd; tpistpf;fg;gLk; tpguq;fisj; jUfpwJ.

ed;ikahdJ xt;nthU tUlKk; 1% My; mjpfupf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ .

ml;ltiz 4-25 ePu;g;gha;r;rf;$ba gFjpfs;> gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpfs;> kw;Wk; fUj;jpl;lj;JlDk; fUj;jpl;lk; my;yhkYkhd nghUshjhug; ngWkhdq;fs;.

jp;l;lk; ePu;g;gha;r;r$ba gFjp (n`f;)

fUj;jpl;lk; my;yhky; gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jp

fUj;jpl;l gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jp

CI NtWghL

nkhj;j Nkyjpfg; gFjp (n`f;)

nkhj;j ed;ik * (,yq;if &gh)

ehye;j 93 2.0 2.0 0 0 0

ntkby;y 729 2 2 0 0 0

jk;GS Xah rpW jpl;lq;fs;

184 1.0 1.5 0.5 92 4,307,440

njtFt 1215 1.9 2 0.1 121.5 5,688,630


722 1 1.5 0.5 361 16,902,020

`f;tw;Wd Xah

2579 1.53 1.8 0.27 696.33 32,602,171

ahg;gFth fhy;thapYs;s rpW jpl;lq;fs;

1000 1 1.5 0.5 500 23,410,000


1929 1 1.5 0.5 964.5 45,157,890


1001 1 1.5 0.5 500.5 23,433,410

kP Xah (LB) rpW jpl;lq;fs;

916 1 1.5 0.5 458 21,443,560


195

nkbaht njhFjpj; njhlupYs;srpW jpl;lq;fs;

231 1 1.5 0.5 115.5 5,407,710

nkbaht 486 1.26 1.8 0.54 262.44 12,287,441

mk;gf;nfhyNtt

340 1.33 1.8 0.47 159.8 7,481,836

mj;jufy 419 1.29 1.8 0.51 213.69 10,004,966

gYflty 648 1.04 1.8 0.76 492.48 23,057,914

nkhj;jk; 12,492 4937.74 231,184,987

*rpWNghfj;jpy; ney;ypy; ,Ue;jhd epfu tUkhdk; &gh 46,820Mf fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ

6.2.2.2 tPl;L kw;Wk; Vida ghtidf;fhd Kd;Ndw;wg;gl;l ePu; fpilf;Fk; jd;ik epkpj;jkhd ed;ikfs; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf cj;Njr fhy;tha;fs;> jw;NghJs;s Fsq;fs;> cj;Njr ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; ePu; guTk; gFjpahdJ mjpfupf;fg;gl cs;sd. ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J ed;ik ngWk; rpW jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; ePu;g;gha;r;rf;$ba ,lq;fs; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; jug;gLfpwJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J 351 rpW Fsq;fs; ed;ik ngWfpd;wd. FUzhfiy khtl;lj;jpYs;s Fsq;fs; rpwpajhf ,Ug;gjhy; xU fpuhkf; Fsj;jpd; ruhrup ePu; gug;G gFjpahdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 15 n`f;NlauhFk;. (%yk; fkeyNritj; jpizf;fsk;) MfNt fUj;jpl;lkhdJ 5265 nff;Nlau; ePu; gug;G gFjpia Nkyjpfkhf cz;lhf;FfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 4-26 NWP fhy;thahy; ePu; toq;fg;gLK; rpW jpl;lq;fs;

jpl;lk; ePu;g;gha;r;rf;$ba gFjp (n`f;)

jk;GS Xah rpW jpl;lq;fs; 184


722

ahg;gFth fhy;thapYs;s rpW jpl;lq;fs; h

1000

kP Xah (RB1) rpW jpl;lq;fs; 1929

kP Xah (RB2) rpW jpl;lq;fs; 1001

kP Xah (LB) rpW jpl;lq;fs; 916

nkbaht njhFjpj; njhlupYs;srpW jpl;lq;fs;

231

nkhj;jk; 5983

ePu; guTk; gFjpapYs;s nghUshjhu ngWkhdk; MdJ ed;ik khw;wy; Kiwia khw;wp kjpg;gplf; $baJ. ePu; epiyfshy; toq;fg;gl;l NtWgl;l cw;gj;jpfs; kw;Wk; Nritfspd;


196

nghUshjhug; ngWkhdq;fshdit (IUCN, 2004) apd; Gj;jfj;jpy; fpilf;ff;$bajhf

cs;sJ. NWP fhy;thapypUe;J ePiug; ngWk; gFjpfSf;fhd mjpfupf;fg;gl;l ePu; gug;gg;gl;l gFjpfSf;fhd fpilf;ff;$bajhf cs;s myFg; ngWkhdq;fs; kw;Wk; kjpg;gplg;gl;l

ngWkhdq;fspd; tpguq;fis gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz toq;FfpwJ.

ml;ltiz4-27 NWP fhy;thahy; ePu; ngWk; gFjpfspd; nghUshjhug; ngWkhdq;fs;.

cw;gj;jp/ Nrit n`f;NlaUf;fhd nghUshjhug; ngWkhdk; n`f;

nkhj;j tUlhe;j ngWkjp (,yq;if &)

kuf;fwpfs; 3000 15,794,195.84

thiog;gok; 51299 270,086,876.18

Njq;fha; 53071 279,419,727.12

tPl;Lg;ghtid 360166 1,896,274,749.13

fhy;eil 80706 424,916,667.47

ifj;njhopy; ghtid

3039 16,002,786.13

kPd;gpb 86145 453,553,506.58

nkhj;jk; 3,356,048,508.43

* IUCN (2004),y; ,Ue;J 2014 ngWkhdq;fSf;fhf rupnra;ag;gl;lJ

Nkw;gb ngWkjpapd; 50% ngWkjpahdJ fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ed;ikahf fUjg;gl;lJ (&gh

1,678,024,254.21).

Nkw;gb vz;zpf;iffspd; epahag;gLj;jyhdJ fs tprhuizfspypUe;J fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;j juTfspdhy; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. fhy;tha; mgptpUj;jp gFjpapYs;s fhzpfshdit Fsq;fspd; rpwpa ngupa ePu;g;ghrdg;gFjpf;F fPNo tUgitfs; epiyahd epy ePu; ghj;jpfspd; ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ed;ikaspf;ff;$ba NtWgl;l tifahd gapu;fs; fPNo Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd

ml;ltiz 4-28 fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ed;ikiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; NtWgl;l fhzpg; gad;ghLfs;

fhzpg; gad;ghL ,lk; (n`f;)

tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fs; 9803

Nrid 864

njd;id 251

(%yk;: NWP tbikg;Gf;FO)


197

vt;thwhapDk; ,t;thwhd fhzpfspy; ,Ue;jhd mjpfupj;j my;yJ Nkyjpf cw;gj;jp jpwDf;fhd mjpfupj;j epjpg; ngWkhdq;fs; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,y;iy. MfNt NkNy ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l vz;zpf;ifahdJ ePupd; Kd;Ndw;wg;gl;l fpilf;Fk; jd;ikapypUe;jhd

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l ed;ikfSf;fhd xU mz;zsthfNt gad;gLj;jf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

6.2.2.6. Nkyjpf ePu; tpepNahfj; jpl;lj;jpd; jtpu;f;fg;gl;l fpuaq;fspd; ed;ikfs;

,g;gFjpapy; ePu;g;ghtidapd; jw;NghJs;s tz;zq;fshtd ntl;lg;gl;l fpzWfs;> Foha;fs; fhy;tha;fspypUe;J ePiug; gad;gLj;Jjy; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fp epw;fpwJ. ,g;gFjpapYs;s kf;fs; Fsq;fs; tuz;L ePu;kl;lk; fpzw;Wf;F fPNo nry;Yk;nghOJ tpNrlkhf cyu;tyaj;jpy; ,d;dy;fis mDgtpg;gjhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpy fpuhkj;jtu;fs; ePUf;fhf ePz;l J}uk; gy fpNyhkPw;wu;fs; ele;J nry;y Ntz;bAs;sJ. mtu;fSf;Fk; MNuhf;fpa mghaq;fs; tpNrlkhf fLikahd rpWePuf Neha;fs; rk;ge;jkhd mghaq;fs; cs;sd. fLikahd rpWePuf Neha;fSf;F rpfpr;ir mspg;gjw;fhf nghy;gpj;jpfk gpuNjr nrayu; gpuptpy; xU rpfpr;ir epiyaj;ij mikj;Js;sJ.

cj;Njr NWP fhy;thahdJ nghy;gpj;jpfktpy; thOk; kf;fSf;F FbePiu toq;Ftjw;fhf gad;gLj;jf;$ba ek;gj;jFe;j ePu; %ykhf cs;sJ. ,e;jf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf cUthf;fg;gLk; Neub ed;ikahf ,J ,Uf;Fk;. nghy;gpj;jpfktpYs;s 25>000 FLk;gq;fs; ,e; ePu; tpepNahfj;jpy; ,Ue;J ed;ikiag; ngw vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

NWP fhy;thahdJ ,g;gFjpf;fhd ePU; toq;fy; jpl;lj;jpd; Njitia ,jd; epkpjjkhf jtpu;f;fpwJ. xU ePu;g;ghrd nghwpapayhsupd; epGzj;Jt fUj;jpid mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L ,e;j ed;ik kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. xU ePu; tpepNahf ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij epu;khzpg;gjw;F 5 gpy;ypad; %yjdf; fpuaKk;> 16 kpy;ypad; eltbf;if fpuaKk; Vw;gLfpwJ. xU jtpu;f;fg;gl;l fpuakhf vLf;fg;gl;bUg;gJld; ,J ed;ikAilajhf

cs;sJ. nghUshjhug; ngWkjpahdJ cl;fl;likg;G 1.115 f;fhd epak khw;wf;fhuzpia ngUf;Ftjpd; Clhf milag;gLfpwJ.

6.3 ,dk; fhzg;gl;l fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfspd; kjpg;gPL

,dk; fhzg;gl;l fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfspd; kjpg;gPl;il gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz jUfpwJ.

ml;ltiz 4-29 ,dk; fhzg;gl;l fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfspd; RUf;fk;

tplak; jw;Nghija ngWkjp (@10%)

fpuaq;fs;

new;gapu;r;nra;if kPjhd jhf;fk; 58,480,170

njd;dq;fhzpfs; kPjhd jhf;fk; 10,320,030

tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs; kPjhd jhf;fk; 46,440,135

Nridg; gapu;r;nra;if epyq;fs; kPjhd jhf;fk; 17,200,050

Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jtf; fpuaq;fs; 257,924,472

ed;ikfs;


198

tptrhaj;jpy; ,Ue;jhd ed;ikfs;

ney; 1,973,157,808

mjpfupj;j epu; guTk; gFjpfspd; epkpj;jkhd ed;ikfs;

16,550,030,837

FbePu; ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd fpuaj;ij jtpu;j;jhy; Vw;gl;l ed;ik

5,227,916,129

fpua ed;ik gFg;gha;tpd; RUf;fj;ij gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz jUfpwJ

ml;ltiz 4-30 fpua ed;ikg; gFg;gha;tpd; RUf;fk; analysis

msTNfhy; ngWkjp

jw;Nghija epfu ngWkjp (&) @ 5% 18,785,024,014



EIRR 14.73%

ed;ikf; fpua tpfpjk; 1.46

Nkw;gbahdtw;wpd; gpufhuk; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ 10% fopT tpfpjj;jpy; 3.6 gpy;ypad; cU rhjhf jw;Nghija epfug; ngWkhdj;Jld; ,ayf;$bajhf cs;sJ. nghUshjhu cs;sf

tpisT (EIRR) tPjkhdJ 13.58% fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ed;ik / fpua tPjkhdJ 10% fopT tPjj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fzpf;fg;gl;lJld; 1.33 Mf cs;sJ.

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; EIRR MdJ nghJ KjyPl;Lf; fUj;jpl;lj;j;pw;fhf murhq;fj;jhy;

iff;nfhs;sg;gl;l 10% fopT tPjj;ij tpl mjpfkhdJ. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; mKy;gLj;jyhdJ ePu;g;ghrdk; kw;Wk; FbePu; tpepNahfj;jpw;fhd tsq;spd; xU tpidj;jpwdhd xJf;fPL

vd ,J Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. 10% fopT tPjj;jpy; KjyPl;bd; epfug; ngWkjpahdJ 3.6 gpy;ypahdFk;. ,J Njrpa nghUshjhuj;jpw;fhd Nrkpg;ghFk;.

6.4. $Uzu;T gFg;gha;T

ed;ikfs; kw;Wk; fpuaq;fspd; Xl;lj;jpy; khw;wq;fspd; jhf;fq;fisg; gupNrhjpg;gjw;fhf

$Uzu;T gFg;gha;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. gpd;tUk; epiyf;fhl;rpfs; guprPpf;fg;gl;ld..

(i) Muk;g epu;khzf; fpuaq;fSf;fhf fpua mjpfupg;gpd; 10%

(ii) ed;ikfspd; 10% Fiwg;G

(iii) ed;ikfspd; 20% Fiwg;G

(iv) Nkw;gb fhuzpfspd; (i) kw;Wk; (ii) kw;Wk;(i) kw;Wk (iii) fyg;G

(v) fhuzpfs; (i) kw;Wk; (iii) fyg;G


199

xU gFg;gha;thdJ epfu ed;ik kPJ gpd;tUk; jhf;fq;fisf; fz;Lnfhz;lJ ml;ltiz 4-31 $Uzu;T gFg;gha;T

epiy jw;Nghija epfug;

ngWkjp (&)

(@ 10% fopT tpfpjk;)

EIRR BCR

mbg;gil rk;gtk; 4,647,417,452 14.73% 1.33

(i) Muk;g epu;khz fpuaq;fSf;fhd fpupa

mjpfupg;gpd; 10% 3,358,779,884 13.10% 1.29

(ii) nkhj;j ed;ikfspd; 10% Fiwg;G 3,172,660,712 13.27% 1.31

(iii) nkhj;j ed;ikfspd 20% Fiwg;G 1,697,903,972 11.78% 1.17

(iv) Nkw;gb fhuzpfs; (i) kw;Wk; (ii) ,izg;G 1,884,023,143 11.76% 1.17

(v) Nkw;gb fhuzpfs; (i) kw;Wk; (iii) ,izg;G 409,266,403 10.39% 1.04

epu;khzf; fpuaq;fspy; 10% mjpfupg;G> 10% kw;Wk; 20% nkhj;j ed;ikfspd; kw;Wk;

Fiwg;G> epu;khzf; fpuaq;fspd; 10% mjpfupg;gpd; ,ize;j jhf;fq;fs;> nkhj;j

ed;ikfspd; 10% Fiwg;G vd;gd 10%,d; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba EIRR f;F Nkyhd xU EIRR

tpisitj; jUk;. vt;thwhapDk; epu;khzr; nrytpdj;jpy; 10% mjpfupg;gpd; ,ize;j

jhf;fq;fshditAk; nkhj;j ed;ikfspd; 20% Fiwg;Gk;> 10%,d; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba

EIRR,id tpl Fiwe;j xU EIRR ia tpistpf;Fk;

6.5. fye;Jiuahly;

6.5.1 ngWkjp kjpf;fg;glhj fUj;jpl;lf; fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfs; Kiwapay;fs; fpilf;fg; ngwhikapdhYk; juTfs; ,y;yhikahYk; rpy fpuaq;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfs; gFg;gha;tpy; cl;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. rpy ed;ikfs; fpuaq;fspd; rpytthtd fPNo epuy;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

1. epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOjhd rj;jk; khriljy; kw;Wk; gytw;Wf;fhd fpuaq;fs;

2. Gjpa ePu; %yq;fs; fpilf;ff;$bajd; epkpj;jkhf tdtpyq;Ffs; kPJ ,f;fUj;jpl;lk;

MdJ ed;ikfukhd jhf;fq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;ff;$baJ.

3. fUj;jpl;lkhdJ rpy fhl;Lg; gFjpfs; Jg;guT nra;ag;gLtJld; rk;ge;jg;gLfpwJ. ,J rhfpaj;jpw;Fk; mr; rhfpaq;fspdhy; nraw;gLk; njhopw;ghLfSf;Fk; Nrjj;ij tpistpf;ff;$baJ ,g;gFjpapy; gy jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;jf;$baJ vd;gJld; ePz;lfhyg;gFjpf;F gpd;Nd ,jd; jhf;fkhdJ njupa tuf;$baJkhFk;.

4. jd;dhu;tkw;w FbNaw;wq;fs; kPjhd kdpju; kPjhd jhf;fq;fs; fzprkhf ,Uf;ff;$bait. r%f Nrjf; fpuakhdJ ngWkjp kjpf;f KbahjJ

5. ngWkhdf; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ Gjpa Ntiytha;g;Gr; re;ju;g;gq;fs; ,Ug;gjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

6. Kd;Ndw;wg;gl;l ePu; fpilf;ff;$ba jd;ikapypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l nghOJNghf;F ngWkhdq;fs; kw;Wk; ghtidaw;w ngWkhdq;fs; cyu;

tyag;gFjpfspy; Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;ff;$Lk;..


200

6.5.2 $Uzu;Tg; gFg;gha;Tfs; kPJ fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ,ayf;$ba xd;whf cs;sJ mj;Jld; epu;khzf; fpuak; mjpfupg;gJld; ed;ikfs; Fiwg;igAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

6.5.3 ePbj;J epiyf;ff;$ba jd;ikAk; gq;fPl;L tplaq;fSk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ePz;lfhy ,aYk; jd;ik Nehf;fpd; ,J xU rhjfkhdjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. Vnddpy; ,J gpujhd xU GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f tsj;ij gad;gLj;JfpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; ePz;lfhy epr;rakpd;ikf;F fhyepiy khw;wk; Nghd;wd ePu; %yq;fspy; fpilf;ff;$ba jd;ikapy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$Lk;. ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrq;fspd; cupa NgZif mt;thwhd jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwg;gjpy; cjtf; $Lk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tpisTfshtd ehl;bd; cyu;tyag; gFjpfspy; thOk; twpa rdr%fq;fspd; FbePu; kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrd ePiug; nghWj;jstpy; ed;ikgag;gdthf cs;sd. mjd; epkpj;jk; ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; MdJ rdr%fj;jpd; fhzg;gLk; tUkhd NtWghLfspy; epthuzk; mspg;gjw;F gq;fspg;G nra;Ak; mDkhdpf;f KbAk;


201

7. jfty; ntspg;gLj;Jif> fye;jhNyhrpg;G> kw;Wk; gq;Fgw;Wif

fUj;jpl;l tbtikg;G kw;Wk; rhj;jpats Ma;tpd; nghOJ vy;yh kl;lq;fspYk; gq;fhz;ikahsu;fis <LgLj;jpf;nfhz;L njhlu;r;rpahd jfty; ntspg;gLj;Jif xd;W ,lk;ngw;wJ. Muk;gf; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ $l;lq;fs; gpuNjr nrayhsu;fs;> gpuNjrrigj; jtprhsu;fs;> murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSld; $l;lq;fs; ,lk;ngw;wJld; rhj;jpats FOtpduhy; fUj;jpl;lk; kPjhd jfty;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld. me;jf; $l;lq;fshtd jk;Gs;is> fNyty> kw;Wk; nghy;gpj;jpfk> gpuNjr nrayf mYtyfq;fspy; ,lk;ngw;wd. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf tpgukhd fye;jhNyhrpg;Gf;fs; tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk;> fhl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; vd;gtw;Wld; fhy;tha; topg;ghijapid ,Wjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd;gjhf elj;jg;gl;lJ. cj;Njr fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lk; njhlu;ghf 2013 brk;gu; 12 k; jpfjp fy;fKt ePu;g;ghrd gapw;rp epiyaj;jpy; xU

gapw;rpg;gl;liw ,lk;ngw;wJ .

gpd;tUk; Kftuhayq;fis gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; mjpfhupfs; gpurd;dkhf ,Ue;jdu;.

1. ePu;g;ghrd kw;Wk; ePu;toq;fy; mgptpUj;jp mikr;R

2. ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;

3. khtl;l nrayfk;> FUzhfiy

4. gpuNjr nrayfq;fs;> nghy;gpj;jpfk> fy;fKt

5. tptrha mgptpUj;jp jpizf;fsk;

6. tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;Gj; jpizf;fsk;

7. fhl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;

8. ,yq;if kfhtyp mjpfhurig

9. kfhtyp MNyhridg; gzpafk; tptrhapfs; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; ePu;j;jl;Lg;ghl;Lf;F jPu;thfTk;> fhyepiy khw;wj;jpw;fhd xU jahupg;ghfTk; ePu;j;jpirjpUg;gj;jpd; Njitia gpujpepjpfs; mOj;jpAiuj;jdu;. tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsj;ijr; Nru;e;j gpujpepjpfs; fUj;jpl;lj;jhYk; Vida fhuzpfspd; epkpj;jkhfTk; tpisthfTk; tdtpyq;FfSf;F Vw;gltpUf;Fk; rpukq;fis rku;g;gpj;jdu;. nghy;gpj;jpfk gpuNjrnrayhsu; mNefkhf ruzhyaj;jpw;F cs;shf thOk; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd tptrhapfs; njhlu;ghf ,Ug;gjhy; tdtpyq;F jpizf;fsj;jhy; rkug;;gpf;fg;gl;l Kd;nkhopTfSf;fhf tptrhapfspd; fye;jhNyhrpg;Gf;fhd Njitia nghy;gpj;jpfk gpuNjr nrayhsu; mOj;jpAiuj;jhu;. `fy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpy; rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd gapu;r;nra;ifapd; tpisthf kz;zupg;gpd; Rw;whly; mr;RWj;jy; Fwpj;Jk; mtu; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. gq;fhz;ikahsUld; ,lk;ngw;w $l;lj;jpd; tpgukhd

fye;Jiuahly;fs; gpd;dpizg;G V,y; jug;gLfpwJ.

fhy;tha; topg;ghijapYs;s fpuhkq;fspd; gq;fhz;ikahsu;fspd; gq;Fgw;WifAld; fpuhkkl;lj;jpy; gy;NtW $l;lj;njhlu;fs; ,lk;ngw;wd. kfhtyp epfo;;r;rpj;jpl;lk; njhlu;ghd

xU rku;g;gpg;ghdJ NWP f;F vt;thW ePu; jpirjpUg;gg;gLfpwJ vd;gJ njhlu;ghf tpsf;fkspg;gjw;F Muk;gjjpNyNa rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;nghOJ gq;fhz;ikahsu;fspd; gq;Fgw;WifAld; r%ftpayhsu;fs; xU gq;Fgw;Wifia Muk;gpj;jdu;. fUj;jpl;lk; njhlu;ghd jkJ vz;zq;fisAk; czu;TfisAk; mtu;fs; ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F Rje;jpuk; cilNahuha; ,Ue;jdu;.

,e;jf; $l;lq;fshdit jk;Gs;s> fNyty> nghy;gpj;jpfk kw;Wk; kfth gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpupthfpa cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; gpupT vd;gtw;wpd; gpuNjr nrayhsu;fspd; MrpAld; cupa fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;fshy; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;lJ. ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;;> nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; gpuNjr nrayu; gpuptpd; fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;> kw;Wk; kfhtyp MNyhridg; gzpafj;jpd; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; ,e;jf; fye;Jiuahly;fSf;F r%fkspj;jpUe;jdu;.


202

gd;dk;gpl;ba kw;Wk; nydNlhuh njw;Fhy; fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpuptpy; ,lk;ngw;w rpW FOf; fye;Jiuahly;fspy; Mrpa mgptpUj;jpAk; gq;Fgw;wpapUe;jJ.

fye;JiuahlYf;fhf ,lk;ngw;w $l;lq;fs; kPjhd mbg;gilj; jfty;fis gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz toq;FfpwJ.

gpuNjr nrayu; gpupT


$l;lj;jpfjp $l;l ,lk; gpurd;dkhd gq;fhz;ikahsu;fspd; vz;.

gpurd;dkhd cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; vz;.

fNynty f`y gk;ght kw;Wk; ud;ntbaht

24th khu;r; 2014 (fhiy mku;T )

f`y gk;ght Nfhtpy;

27 9

fNynty jd;Laha> jk;gnfhy;y kw;Wk; neglf`tj;j

24th gpw;gfy; jd;Laha Nfhtpy;

22 10

nghy;gpj;jpfk nghy;gpj;jpfk> nghnfhy;y

25th khu;r; 2014 (fhiy)

gpuNjr nrayu; mYtyfk;

25 13

nghy;gpj;jpfk mKDnfhy, fj;jpfKt

25th khu;r; 2014 (gpw;gfy;)

mKDnfhy Nfhtpy;

50 9

nghy;gpj;jpfk Gy;Net> nkhuy;yfk

26th khu;r; 2014 (fhiy )

Gy;Net Nfhtpy;

28 9

nghy;gpj;jpfk fl;lk;Gtt 26th khu;r; 2014 (gpw;gfy;)

jdpahu tPL 38 8

fNynty epyfk, mSj;Ntt, gpgpDLfk

27th khu;r; 2014 (fhiy)

mYj;Ntt Nfhtpy;

42 9

fNynty Nfhk;ght 27th khu;r; 2014 (gpw;gfy;)

md;lfy Nfhtpy;

26 7

fNynty nfsnghj;j 28th khu;r; 2014(fhiy)

jd;Ltnfhy;y Nfhtpy;

27 6

nghy;gpj;jpfk gy;Nyfy 28th khu;r; 2014 (gpw;gfy;)

rzr $l;l kz;lgk;

37 5

jk;Gs;s gd;dk;gpw;wpa 1st Vg;uy; 2014 (fhiy)

guhFk; rdr%f kz;lgk;

29 12

jk;Gs;s nydNlhuh tlf;F

1st Vg;uy; 2014 (gpw;gfy;)

nydNlhuh rdr%f kz;lgk;

31 13

jk;Gs;s vj;fngd;bNtt 2nd Vg;uy; 2014 (fhiy)

Nkdpf;njd rdr%f kz;lgk;

37 9

jk;Gs;s nty;ykpw;wpaht 2nd Vg;uy; 2014 (fhiy)

nty;yk;gp;w;wpaht Nfhtpy;

14 7

kfht kfht 3rd Vg;uy; 2014 (gpw;gfy;)

nfhz;Ntt rdr%f kz;lgk;

47 13

rdr%fj;jhy; fye;Jiuahlypy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l cupa fUj;Jf;fs; fPNo RUf;fkhfj; jug;gLfpwJ.

i. xt;nthU fye;JiuahlYk; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; mKy;gLj;jy; njhlu;ghf vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; jkf;F vJtpj vjpu;g;Gk; ,y;iy vd rdr%fj;jpdu;


203

mOj;jpAiuj;jdu;. mj;Jld; fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfspy; cr;r gl;r Mjuit toq;Ftjw;F mtu;fs; jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;.

ii. rpy Vida mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fSld; njhlu;Gila vjpu;kiw mDgtq;fs; jpUk;gr; nra;ag;gLtijf; fhzhjpUg;gjw;fhd jkJ vjpu;ghu;g;ig mtu;fs; ntspg;gLj;jpdu; mitahtd

rdr%fj;Jld; njhlu;Gila vy;yhr; nraw;ghLfSk; cupa ntspg;gilj;jd;ikAld; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; cz;ikahd tPr;R nehf;F vd;gd gad;ngWgtu;fSf;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;

rdr%fk; rhu;ghf jPu;khdk; vLg;gjhdJ jkJ gpujpepjpfspd; gpurd;dj;jpy;

nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;..

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; kl;lj;jpd; fUj;jpl;lk; njhlu;ghdtw;Wld; rdr%fj;jpw;fhd gpur;rpidfisf; Nfl;L fye;Jiuahb jPu;Tfis

toq;Ftjw;F xU fl;likg;G cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk.

iii. ,lk;ngau;e;j rdr%fj;jpd; kPsf; FbNaw;wkhdJ mtu;fSf;F ve;j tifapYk; xU rq;flj;ij Vw;gLj;jhj tifapy; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; njupT nra;ag;gl;l kPs; FbNaw;wg;gl;l ,lq;fshdit mbg;gil cl;fl;likg;G trjpfisAk; mtu;fs; jw;NghJ mDgtpg;gij mijnahj;j trjpfisAk; mtu;fspd; jw;Nghija tjptplq;fSf;F mzpj;jhdjhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. bNw; rhu;ghf jPu;khdk; vLg;gjhdJ jkJ gpujpepjpfspd; gpurd;dj;jpy; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; kl;lj;jpd; fUj;jpl;lk; njhlu;ghdtw;Wld; rdr%fj;jpw;fhd gpur;rpidfisf; Nfl;L fye;Jiuahb jPu;Tfis toq;Ftjw;F xU fl;likg;G

cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

iv. re;ij tpiyfspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L xU ePjpahd kjpg;gPl;Lf;F gpw;ghL xU jdpj;j jtizf;fl;lzj;jpy; el;l<L toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

v. ,lk;ngau;e;j rdr%fk; mtu;fs; rhu;ghf vLf;fg;gLk; eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jq;fs; Fwpj;J vOj;jpy; mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

vi. el;l<l;L nfhLg;gdT nra;j gpw;ghL khj;jpuNk ,lk;khw;wy; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

vii. ,lk;ngau;tpy; jw;Nghija tho;thjhuk; ,of;fgbd; GJ ,lj;jpy; Gjpa

nraw;ghLfisj; njhlf;Ftjw;F cjtpAk; MjuTk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

viii. FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fspy; xUtu; gzj;ij jtwhf gad;gLj;Jtijj; jLg;gjw;fhf el;l<l;Lf; nfhLg;gdthdJ KOf; FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; nrYj;jg;gl;L mjd; %yk; FLk;g gpzf;Ffisj; jtpu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

ix. tPLfSf;Fk; nrhj;Jf;fSf;Fk; Fiwe;jsT Nrjhuj;Jld; fUj;jpl;lk;

mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

x. fLikahd Neha;fs;> ,ayhikAila Ml;fs;> tpjitfs;> fLikahd NehAld; Jd;GWNthu; Nghd;w ,lk;ngau;e;j jhf;fg;gL kf;fis Nkk;ghL milar; nra;tjw;F tpNrl epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; xd;W nraw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; mtu;fSf;F tPl;L trjpfis toq;Ftjw;Fk; xU tpNrl jpl;lk; mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

xi. jhk; jw;nghOJ thOk; fhzpfSf;fhd cupkq;fis ,d;Dk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;shj kf;fSf;F el;l<l;by; mtu;fs; tpLglhJ ,Uf;Fk; Kfkhf mt;tz;zkhd cupkq;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F cjtpfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;L;k;.

xii. ,ayf;$ba tiuAk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; rhjfkhd jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;F rdr%fj;jpw;F cjTjy;

xiii. rdr%fkhdJ xU fhy;tha; mikg;gjpy; <Lgl;L ,Uf;Fkhapd; mtu;fSf;F fhyg;gFjpfs;> jpfjpfs; Fwpj;J Kd;djhfNt mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

xiv. Njthya> Nfhtpy;> fhzpfspy; ePz;lfhyk; Fj;jiff;F ,Ue;J tpUj;jp nra;js;s kf;fSf;F el;l<L toq;Fk;nghOJ epahakhfTk; ePjpahfTk; guprPypf;f Ntz;Lk;.

MfNt ghjpf;fg;gl;l rdr%fj;jhy; vOg;gg;gl;l gpur;rpidfis ftdj;jpy; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L Vida fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fs; kw;Wk; xt;nthU mk;rq;fSk;


204

nrhj;J kjpg;gPl;il kjpg;gpLtjw;F guprPypf;fg;gLtJld; ,lk;ngau;e;j kf;fSf;F ,zf;fkhff; $ba xU epahakhd el;l<l;bid nrd;wiltJld; fUj;jpl;lk; mKyhf;fk; nra;ag;gLtjw;F Kd;gjhfNt mJ nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. fUj;jpl;lkhdJ ,lk;ngau;e;NjhNuhL njhlu;r;rpahf cwTld; ,Ug;gJld; nrad;Kiwapd; xt;nthU gbepiyfspYk; ,lk;ngau;e;j rdr%fj;Jld; fye;Jiuahliyg; Ngz Ntz;Lk;. ,J fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jtj;Jld; kpf Kf;fpakhdJk; ngUk; nghWg;Gzu;thdjhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. xU kPs;FbNaw;wj;jpl;lkhdJ jw;nghOJ jahu;g;gLj;jYld; cs;sJ.

ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdu;fSldhd njhlu;r;rpahd ciuahlyhdJ fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfis ,ilaPL ,d;wp nfhz;L nry;tjw;F cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.

ghjpf;fg;gl;l Ml;fspd; gq;Fgw;Wifia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf fpuhkkl;lj;jpy; fye;Jiuahly; elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ gpuNjr kl;lkhFk;. ,q;Nf ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;

gpujpepjpfspd; gq;Fgw;WifAld; gpuNjr nrayhsu; kl;lj;jpy; elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;..

khtl;lf;fhzp cj;jpNahfj;jupd; kl;lj;jpd; murhq;f mjpgupd; fPo; khtl;l

kl;lkhdJ mLj;j kl;lkhf ,Ug;gJld; fUj;jpl;lg; gzpg;ghsu; my;yJ /mtNuh

mtspd; gpujpepjpfs; gq;Fgw;wtu;.

jfty; ntspg;gLj;Jifapd; xU Kf;fpa fl;lkhf nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;l EIAf;fs;> nfhOk;G> FUzhfiy> fz;b ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsq;fspYs;s tpUg;Gila Ml;fSf;Fk;> ehcy;; jk;Gs;s fNyty nghy;gpj;jpfk> k`t> kw;Wk; fy;fKt gpuNjr nrayf mYtyfq;fspYs;s tpUg;Gila Ml;fSf;Fk; fpilf;fr; nra;ag;gLk;. kj;jpa Rw;whly;

mjpfhurigAk; EIAapidg; nghJkf;fs; ghu;itf;fhf 30 ehl;fs; fhyg;gFjpapidf; fl;lhakhf toq;FtJld; xg;Gjy; toq;Ftjw;F Kd;ghf vy;yhj; jug;gpduJk; fUj;Jf;fis mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F Njitg;gbd; nghJkf;fs; $l;lq;fis xOq;F nra;Ak;.

,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf tiuG EIAMdJ Mrpa mgptpUj;jp rig> fUj;jpl;lj;ij guprpypg;gjw;F Kd;ghf 120 ehl;fSf;F mjd; ,izaj;jsj;jpy; fpilf;ff;$bajhf nra;ag;gLk;


205

8. FiwjPu;g;G nghwpKiw

8.1 fhuz fhupaq;fs;

ve;jf; mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpdJk; epu;khzk; kw;Wk; mKy;gLj;jy; fl;lq;fspd;nghOJ xU Ms; my;yJ kf;fs; $l;lkhdJ NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfs; epkpj;jkhf fLikahfg; ghjpg;giltu;. vof;$ba Fiwfshtd jFjpj;jd;ikapd; msTNfhy;fs; cupj;Jilikfs;> Nritfspd; Fog;gq;fs; tho;thjhuq;fs; jw;fhypf uPjpahfNth my;yJ epue;jukhfNth ,of;fg;gLjy;> Vida r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhug; g;pur;rpidfs; Nghd;w r%f tplaq;fSld; njhlu;Gilajhf ,Uf;ff; $bait. Fiwfshditfs; msTf;fjpkhd J}R cUthf;fk;> epu;khzk; njhlu;Gila mjpu;Tfs; my;yJ %yg;nghUl;fspd; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fspd; epkpj;jkhf cl;fl;likg;Gf;F

Vw;gLk; Nrjq;fs;> ,iur;ry; thfd neupry;> jdpahu; / mur Nkw;gug;G / epyePupd; tsk; msT my;yJ juk; Fiwtiljy;> tPl;Lj;Njhl;lk; kw;Wk; tptrha epyq;fs; Nrjkiljy; Nghd;w Rw;whly; tplaq;fNshL njhlu;GilajhfTk; ,Uf;f KbAk;. mt;thwhd tplaq;fs; vOk;nghOJ ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdUf;Nf mt;tplaq;fis xU ,zf;fkhd Kiwapy; fUj;jpl;l Ml;fSld; tpidj;jpwdhfTk;> eLepiyahfTk;>; ntspg;gilj;jd;ikahfTk;> cldbahfTk; nryT Fiwe;j KiwapYk; mg;gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;f;ff;$ba xU nghwpKiw ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j ,yf;if mile;Jnfhs;Sk; Kfkhf FiwjPu;g;G nghwpKiwahdJ ,f; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; xl;Lnkhj;j Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jt rl;lfNtiyapy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,j;jpl;lj;jpl;lj;jpw;Fk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdUf;Fk; cau;e;jgl;r ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Kiwapy; vOk; Fiwfs; jPu;f;fg;gLtij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf cj;Njr FiwjPu;g;G nrad;Kiwia tpUj;jp nra;Ak;nghOJ gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fs; ftdj;jpy;

vLf;fg;gl;ld.:

fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;Fk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdUf;Fk; ,ilapy; tpidj;jpwdhd xU njhlu;ghly; ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;Jjy;

gq;fhz;ikahsu;fs; kw;Wk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdu; cl;gl;NlhupilNa cw;gj;jp jpwd; tha;e;j cwTKiwiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdUf;F mtu;fisf; fLikahfg; ghjpf;ff;$ba fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; jPu;khdq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffspy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdu; Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elj;jTk; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jTk; xU nghwpKiwia toq;Fjy;

Rw;whly; kPjhd fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisj; jzpg;gjw;F my;yJ Fiwg;gjw;F nghUj;jkhd rupahd my;yJ jLg;G eltbf;iffis xd;whf;Fjy;

ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba jug;gpdupd; nraw;ghLfSf;Fs; fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfis Fiwfs;> gpzf;Ffisj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhd KbAkhapd; mitfs; vOtjw;F Kd;ghf xUq;fpizj;Jf;nfhs;sy;

xU Fiw my;yJ gpzf;F vopd; mt;tz;zkhd gpur;rpidfis Kbe;jsT Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; jPu;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhd xU rigia toq;Ftjd; %yk; mitfs; Vw;gLk;nghONj mt;tplj;jpNyNa jPu;j;Jf;nfhs;sr; nra;jy;

8.2 Kiwg;ghLfs; Kfhikj;Jtk;

r%f> Rw;whly; gpur;rpidfs; rk;ge;jkhd vy;yh Kiwg;ghLfSk; toikahf tha;%ykhfNth my;yJ vOj;J %yNkh fUj;jpl;l MjuthsupdhNyh my;yJ epu;khz


206

xg;ge;jfhuupdhNyh ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. FiwjPu;g;G nghwpKiwapd; xU Kf;fpkhf cs;sJ cupa fUj;jpl;lg;gFjp mYtyfq;fspy; Kiwg;ghLfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; xU ,lhg;gpid Ngzpf;nfhs;Stjw;F ,tu;fis Njitg;gLj;JtjhFk;. vy;yh Kiwg;ghLfSk; kupahijahfTk;> ed;daj;JlDk;> $Uzu;TlDk; elhj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vy;yh ,aYik Kaw;rpfSk; ,t; fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;fs; my;yJ epu;khz xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; jkJ mjpfhu vy;iyf;Fs;shf nfhz;Ltug;gl;l Kiwg;ghLfisj; jPu;j;Jf;nfhs;s vy;yh ,aYkhd Kaw;rpfSk; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vt;thwhapDk; ,e;j Kiwg;ghLfs; rpf;fyhdjhf ,Ug;gJld; mitfs; fUj;jpl;l kl;l nghwpKiwA+lhf jPu;f;fg;glhky; ,Uf;Fk;. me;jf; FiwghLfshtd FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOtplk; nfhz;L

nry;yg;gl Ntz;Lk; (GRC, fPNo ghu;f;Ff)

cj;Njr Kiwg;ghl;ilf; ifahsy; kw;Wk; FiwjPu;g;G nghwpKiwahdJ gpd;tUk; cUtpy;

tpsf;fpf; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ..

cU 4-8 Kiwg;ghL ifahsy; kw;Wk; FiwjPu;g;G nghwpKiw

(PP= fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu; (ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;); CC= epu;khz xg;ge;jfhuu;)

8.3 FiwjPu;g;Gf; FO (GRC)

NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; fhg;G nfhs;iffisAk; Nru;j;Jf; nfhz;L xU FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOtpid mikj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;. ,J ghjpf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; mf;fiwAila jug;gpdupd; Fiwfs; kw;Wk; gpzf;FfSf;F jPu;Tfisf; fhz;gjw;fhd xU RahjPd mikg;ghf njhopw;gLk;.

xU FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOtpd; epakpg;ghdJ nghJkf;fSf;F Njrpa gj;jpupiffspy; %d;W nkhopfspYk; rpq;fsk;> jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; xU gpuRuj;ij ntsptpLtjd; %yk; mwptpf;fg;gLk;. cs;Su; rdr%fkhdJ ,e;j FiwjPu;g;G nrad;Kiw Fwpj;J fpuhkNrtfu;

PP/CC My; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l

Kiwg;ghL

,f;fUj;jpll;lj;jhy; Kiwg;ghL jPu;f;fg;gl;lJ

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; kl;lj;jpy; FiwjPu;g;G FOtplk; nfhz;L nry;yy;

gpuNjr nrayhsu; kl;lj;jpy; FiwjPu;g;G FOtplk; nfhz;l nry;yy;

fUj;jpl;lf; FOTf;F Mw;Wg;gLj;jy;

Kiwg;ghl;lhsUf;F njuptpj;jy;




fz;fhzpj;jYk; gpd;njhlu;jYk;;

fz;fhzpj;jYk; gpd;njhlu;jYk;




207

FO Clhf Kf;fpakhd ,lq;fspy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jy; mwptp;j;jy;fis mt;tplq;fspy; itg;gjd; Clhf kw;Wk; ehTy> jk;Gs;is> fNyty> nghy;gpj;jpfk> kw;Wk; kft gpuNjr nrayu; gpupTfSf;Fs;shf Kf;fpa epu;khzg;gFjpfs; cl;gl;l gFjpfspYk; ,t; mwptpj;jy;fis itg;gjd; %yk; cs;Su; rdr%f kf;fSf;F mwptpf;fg;gLk;.

8.4 FiwjPu;g;G nghwpKiwf;fhd epWtd Vw;ghLfs;

FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOf;fshdit ,uz;L kl;lq;fspy; mikf;fg;gLk;. fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; kl;lk;. kw;iwaJ gpuNjr nrayf kl;lq;fs;. fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; my;yJ gpuNjr nrayhsu; MNdhu; cupa FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOtpd; jtprhsu;fshf nraw;gLtu;. FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOtpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdiu gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; cWg;gpdu;fs; mg;gFjpapy; kjpg;Gf;Fupa Ml;fsplk; ,Ue;J gpuNjr nrayhsu;fspd; rpghu;Rld; epakpf;fg;gLtu;.

FiwjPu;g;Gf;FOtpd; Vida cWg;gpdu;fshf fUj;jpl;lg; gzpg;ghsu; PIU ypUe;jhd cupa cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; cupa rdr%f mbg;gilapyhd epWtdq;fspd; gpujpepjpfs; xg;ge;jfhupd;

gpujpepjpfs; cupa njhlu;Gila Kftuhyaq;fspd; gpujpepjpfs; vd;Nghu; ,Ug;gu;. NWP fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lg;gzpg;ghsuhy; epakpf;fg;gLk; cj;jpNahfj;ju; FiwjPu;g;G FOtpd; nrayhsuhf gjtpahw;Wthu;. cWg;gpdu;fSf;F xU nfsut nfhLg;gdT toq;fg;gLtJld; FiwjPu;g;Gf;F FOTf;F Njitahd epjpaq;fs; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; nghWg;Ngw;fg;gLk;.

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; kl;lj;jpyhd FiwjPu;g;Gf;FO

FOtpd; fl;likg;G: fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;> fpuhk kl;l murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; (fkeyNritfs; kw;Wk; ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;) rdr%f mbg;gilapyhd epWtdq;fspd; jiytu;fs;> fUj;jpl;lg; gpujpepjpfs;> (Rw;whly; kw;Wk; r%f kPs;FbNaw;w cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;). fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdu;fs;> xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; kw;Wk;

my;yJ mtupd; gpujpepjpfs;> NtW Ml;fs; / NjitNaw;gbd; gpur;rpid mbg;gilapy; Njitg;gLj;jg;gLk; murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;

FOtpd; tfpgq;F: ghjpf;fg;gl;l Ms; my;yJ rdr%fj;jhy; rku;g;gpf;fg;gLk; fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd Kiwg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Fiwfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;

KbAkhapd; rdr%fj;jpw;Fs;shf gpur;rpidfis tprhupj;J fye;Jiuahb gFg;gha;T nra;J xU ePjpAk; epahaKkhd jPu;TfisAk;> gupfhuq;fisAk; Kd;itj;jy;. KbahJNghapd; ,jid nghUj;jkhd rpghu;RfSld; mLj;j kl;lf;FOTf;F vLj;Jr; nry;Yjy;

gpuNjr nrayhsu; kl;lj;jpyhd FiwjPu;g;Gf; FO FOf; fl;likg;G: gpuNjr nrayhsu;> cupa fpuhkNrtfu; gpuptpd; fpuhkNrtfu;> fUj;jpl;lg;gzpg;ghsu; my;yJ mtupd; gpujpepjp> rdr%f mbg;gilapyhd rq;fq;fspd; jiytu;fs;> xg;ge;jfhuu; my;yJ mtupd; gpujpepjp cupa njhlu;Gla Kftuhyaq;fs;

FOtpd; tfpgq;F: FOTf;Fs;shf gue;j tpguq;fSld; gpur;rpidfis tprhupj;J fye;Jiuahb gFg;gha;T nra;tJkhd xU ePjpAk; epahaKkhd jPu;Tfis gupfhuq;fisAk; Kd;itj;jy;.

gpuNjr nrayhsu; kl;lj;jpyhd FiwjPu;g;Gf;FO gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;f;f jtWkhapd; ,J fUj;jpl;l nraw;FOTf;F topg;gLj;jg;gl;L mq;Nf ,J jPu;f;fg;ggl Ntz;Lk;.

xU xOq;Ff;fpukkhd Neu ml;ltizahdJ cupa FOf; $l;lq;fSf;fhf jahupf;fg;gLtJld; jpfjpfs;> Neuq;fs; vd;gd xOq;fikf;fg;gl;L xU xOq;F fpukkhd


208

nrad;KiwahdJ $l;l jpfjpfs; Neuq;fs; Fwpj;J FO cWg;gpdu;fSf;F mwptpg;gjw;fhf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; kl;lj;jpy; rdr%fj;jplkpUe;jhd Fiwfs; kw;Wk; Kiwg;ghLfis Nfl;Lf;nfhs;Sk; my;yJ Vw;Wg;nfhs;Sk; nrad;Kiwfspd; ,lq;fs;> Neuq;fs; Fwpj;J mtu;fSf;F mwptpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU kl;lj;jpYk; gpur;rpidfSld; <LgLtjw;F xU Fiwe;jgl;r fhyg;gFjp epakpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. (Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,uz;L thuq;fs;)

8.5 FiwjPu;g;Gf;FOtpd; Ma;nty;iyfs;

FiwjPu;g;G nghwpKiwahdJ epu;khzj;jpw;F Ke;jpa fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jhy; epWtg;gLk;. mjd;%yk; FiwjPu;g;Gf;FO kw;Wk; FiwjPu;g;G nrad;Kiwfs; vd;gd nray;epiyapy; ,Ug;gJld; fhzpRtpfupg;G> kPs;FbNaw;wk; fUj;jpl;l epu;khz nraw;ghLfs; njhlq;Ftjw;F Kd;dNu mJ nraw;gLk;. FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOTf;fhd Ma;T vy;iyapd; tiuG fPNo cs;sJ. ,jid ePu;g;ghtdj; jpizf;fskhdJ

guprPypj;J cs;spizj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; my;yJ Njitf;Nfw;g jpUj;jpf; nfhs;Sk;:

GRC MdJ kPs;FbNaw;wj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jt fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; mKy;gLj;jypy; vOk; vt;tpjkhd gpzf;FfisNah FiwfisNah gupNrhjpg;gJld; ntspg;gilahd Kiwapy; mt;twhd

gpzf;FfisAk; FiwfiaAk; jPu;j;Jf;nfhs;Sk;.

rl;lePjpkd;wj;jpy; epYitahf cs;s tplaq;fSld; FiwjPu;g;Gf;FO <Lglkhl;lhJ.

gpujk murhq;fg; ngWkjp kjpg;gPl;lhsuhy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;l el;l<l;Lj; njhifapd;

Nky; ve;jtpj epahaj; jPu;g;gpidAk; FiwjPu;g;Gf; FO nfhz;bUf;f khl;lhJ..

FiwjPu;g;Gf;FOtpd; mjpfhukhdJ ,Wjpahf fUjg;gLfpwJ. xU jpUg;jpailahj Kiwg;ghl;lhsu; mtu;fs; tpUk;gpd; ,yq;if rl;l KiwikA+lhf FiwjPu;g;ig ehl

KbAk; .

FiwjPu;g;Gf;FO $l;lq;fspy; mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l gq;Fgw;Wdu;fs; khj;jpuNk gq;Fgw;w mDkjpf;fg;gLtu; (cupa ghjpf;fg;gl;l Ml;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fspd;

gpujpepjpfs;).

xU Fwpg;gpl;l gpzf;F my;yJ Fiw kPjhd xU jPu;khdkhdJ VfkdjhfNth my;yJ xU ngUk;ghd;ik mbg;gilapNyh Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gpzf;Ffs; kw;Wk; Fiwfshdit tprhuizapd; Kjy;ehspNy jPu;f;fg;gLk;. my;yJ gpur;rpidfs; kpfTk; rpf;fyhditahfNth my;yJ xU jPu;khdj;jpw;F tUtjw;F jfty;fs; Njitg;gLk;nghONjh KjyhtJ Nfl;gpypUe;J 2 - 4 thuq;fSf;Fs; jPu;j;J itf;fg;gLk;.

gpzf;Ffs; my;yJ Fiwfis tprhupg;gjhdJ gpd;Nghlg;glf;$bajhf ,Ug;gJld; jPu;khdq;fis vLg;gjw;F mjpf rhd;Wfs; Njitg;gbd; xU Gjpa jpfjpahdJ Fwpf;fg;gLk;.

jPu;g;Gf;FOtpd; jPu;khdq;fshdit fUj;jpl;lg; gzpahsUf;F njuptpg;gJld; $l;lj;jpypUe;J xU thuj;jpw;Fs;shf ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdUf;Fk; vOj;J %yk;

njuptpf;fg;gLk;.

FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOtpd; $l;lq;fis elj;Jtjw;F xU nghUj;jkhd ,lk; kw;Wk; Vida trjpfs; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; toq;fg;gLk;. vt;thwhapDk; Fiw jPu;f;Fk; FOtpdupd;


209

$l;lq;fshdit ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdupd; trjpf;fhf VJk; xU tjptplj;jpy; itf;fg;glf;$bait. (cjh RfaPdk; kw;Wk; Vida Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba epahakhd

fhuzq;fspd; tplaj;jpy;).

FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOf;fshdJ Mff; Fiwe;jJ xU khjj;jpw;F xU jlit re;jpf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; Kiwg;ghLfspd; vz;zpf;ifag; nghWj;J mjpf $l;lq;fSk; $l;lg;glf; $Lk;;. FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOthdJ Njitg;gLk;nghOJ

fs tp[aq;fisAk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. mj;Jld; ,itfs; fUj;jpl;lj;jhy; trjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

gpd;tUk; nghJ epge;jidfSk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;: FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOTf;F Nkd;KiwaPLfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Ml;fs; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; mf;FOtpd; $l;lq;fSf;F r%fkspf;f KbAk;. Fiw jPu;g;Gf; $l;lj;jpw;F tpz;zg;gpj;jtu; Neha;> my;yJ NtW VJk;

jtpu;f;f Kbahj #o;epiyapy; Fwpf;fg;gl;l jpfjpapy; nry;y KbahJ Nghapd; mtd; / mts; jdJ neUf;fkhd cwtpdu; xUtiuNah my;yJ NtnwhU gpujpepjp xUtiuNah vOj;J %yk; epakpf;f KbAk;. ve;j rl;l uPjpahd njhopy;thz;ikahsUk; xU tpz;zg;gjhupia gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;a epakpf;fkhl;lhu;fs;.

tpz;zg;gjhup FiwjPu;g;Gf; FO $l;lj;jpw;F cly;epiy nghUj;jkpy;yhj fhuzj;jpdhNyh

my;yJ jtpu;f;f Kbahj #o;epiyfspd; epkpj;jNkh $l;lj;jpw;F r%fkspf;f Kbahj

gl;rj;jpy; xU Fwpj;j $l;lj;jpy; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;F xU khw;Wj; jpfjpia Ntz;bf;nfhs;s

KbAk;.

fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfSld; njhlu;Gila tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf fUj;jpl;lg;gFjp rdr%fj;jpd; Kiwg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Fiwfis jdpg;gl;l KiwapYk; FOthfTk; ftdpg;gjw;F ePu;g;ghrd mikr;rpd; xU cs;sfg; nghwpKiwia epWTtjw;fhd NjitAs;sJ. mtu;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l nghJkf;fs; Fiwfis gpur;rpidfis ,dk;fhZtjpy; cjTtjpYk; mtw;wpy; Nritfis Rygkhf;Ftjw;Fk; kpfTk; Jupjkhf;Ftjw;Fkhd Nehf;fpay; mtw;wpd; kPjhd nfhs;ifj; jpUj;jq;fs; nrad;Kiwj; jpUj;jq;fis nghWg;ngLg;gjw;Fk; mtw;iwg; gFg;gha;T nra;af;$bajhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtu;fs; vy;yhf; FiwfSlDk; ePjpahd KiwapYk; Fwpj;j ,yf;FlDk; epahaj;JlDk; <LgLtJld; Nfl;fg;gl;l Fiwfs; xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; fhzuq;fisAK; vOj Ntz;LK;. ,J fUj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdupilNa rpwe;j cwTKiwia tpUj;jp nra;a ,l;Lr;nry;tJld;> rdr%fk; jdpg;gl;l KiwapNyh $l;lhfNth vjpu;nfhs;Sk; gpur;rpidfSld; njhlu;Gila ,lu;fisf; Fiwf;fTk; cjTk;. nghwpKiwfshdit gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; cstsr; NritiaAk; tpopg;Gzu;itAk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tpopg;Gzu;T

ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fis ,dk;fhZjy;

el;l<L nfhLg;gdT nra;jy;

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis epWTjy;

FiwjPu;g;G nghwpKiwapd; fl;likg;ghdJ rdr%fkhdJ jkJ gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;g;gjpy; fPo;kl;lj;jpy; njhlq;FtJld; cau;kl;lk; tiuf;Fkhd ,izg;Gld; cupa cj;jpNahfj;jUld; fye;Jiuahlypy; gq;Fgw;wf;$ba Kiwapy; ,g;nghwpKiwahdJ

fl;likf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ..


210

---------------------------------------- fpuhkj; jiytu; vdg;gLgtu; ,yq;ifapd; xU mur cj;jpNahfj;juhf kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupthfpa gpuNjr nrayu;gpuptpd; xU gpuptpy; epu;thff; flikfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf epakpf;fg;gLfpwhu;. fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;jupd; flikfSs; cs;slq;Ftdthf mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; toq;Ftij mwpf;ifaply;> Gs;sptpguq;fisr; Nrfupj;jy;> thf;fshu; gjpitg; NgZjy;> jdpg;gl;l gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;g;gjd; %yk; mikjpia epiyehl;Ljy; vd;gdthFk;. mtu;fs; jkJ gFjpapy; cs;s ve;j Fw;wr; nraypdJk; gpd;njhlu;e;J gjpT nra;Jnfhs;s nghWg;ghf ,Ug;gJld; Njitg;gLk;nghOJ tjpthsu;fs; rhu;ghf Fzhk;r rhd;wpjo;fisAk; tpepNahfpf;fpd;wdu;.


211

9. Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; NWP fhy;tha; - Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; (EMP)

fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghL

Vw;lgf;$ba Rw;whly; jhf;fk;

jzpg;G eltbf;if fz;fhzpg;G tPr;nry;iy

epakq;fs; epWtdg; nghWg;Gzu;T mKy;gLj;jy; ml;ltiz

fpuak; (,yq;if &gh kpy;)

epu;khzj;jpw;F Kd;ghf tPl;L tshfq;fis Rtpfupj;jy;

nrhj;J ,og;G kPs itg;G fpuaj;jpy; nrhj;Jfs; kjpg;gplg;gLtJld; el;l<lhdJ cldbahf nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ..

kPs;FbNaw;wj;jpw;fhd fhzpfis xJf;FtJ kPjhd gpuptpidg; ghu;f;Ff.. 5.2.1.3 el;l<L toq;Ftjw;fhd rpghu;R nra;ag;gl;l Kiwfis tpje;Jiug;gJld; khw;Wf;fhzpfs; kPs; FbNaw;wj; jpl;lk; vd;gd Fwpj;j nrad;KiwfisAk; tpje;Jiuf;fpwJ.

fUj;jpl;l mKy;gLj;j cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kw;Wk; mur Kiwg;ghLfs;

NIRP apd; xOq;Ftpjpfs;

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ epjpaPl;lj;ij toq;FtJld; jk;Gs;s> fNyty> nghy;gpj;jpfk> kfht gpuNJr nrayhsh;fs; fhzpr; Rtpfupg;G nrad;Kiwia gpd;gtw;Wtjw;F fUj;jpl;lk; epjpaPl;lq;fis toq;Fk;. .

epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpw;F Kd;ghf

212 (fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;it fpuaq;fs; vd;gd cl;gl)

new;fhzpfs; kw;Wk; tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fis Rtpfupj;jy;

tptrha cw;gj;jp jpwd; kw;Wk; tUkhdj;ij ,oj;jy;

tptrhapfs; cw;gj;jp jpwd; fhzp> mfw;wg;gl nt;zba kuq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; epue;ju ,og;gpw;F vJTk; el;l<L nfhLf;fg;gLtu; gpupT 5.2.1.3jaT nra;J ghu;f;Ff.

fUj;jpl;l mKy;gLj;jy; cj;jpNahfj;ju; mur nghJ Kiwg;ghLfs;

fkeyNritr; rl;lk; cs;Su; mjpfhupfSld; fye;Jiuahb nghwpayhsu;fis tbtikj;jy;

fUj;jpl;lkhdJ epjpaPl;lj;ij toq;FtJld; jk;Gs;s> fNyty> nghy;gpj;jpfk> kfht gpuNJr nrayhsh;fs; fhzpr; Rtpfupg;G nrad;Kiwia gpd;gw;Wtjw;F fUj;jpl;lk; epjpaPl;lq;fis toq;Fk;.



212

rdr%fj;jpd; Fiwfis jPu;j;J itj;jy;

,lk;ngau;e;j rdr%fq;fs; cupa Neuj;jpy; el;l<Lfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy. Rtpfupg;G kw;Wk; el;l <l;Lr; nrad;Kiwfs; njhlu;ghd vy;yhf; FiwfSk;

FiwjPu;g;G nghwpKiwapy; nrhy;yg;gl;l vy;yhr; nrad;KiwfisAk; mKy;gLj;jy;. gpuNjr nrayhsu; kl;lj;jpy; gpur;rpid jPu;f;fg;glhj nghOJ tplakhdJ Njrpakl;lj;jpy; ePu;g;ghrd mikr;R nrayhsu; jiyikahff; nfhz;l FiwjPu;g;Gf; FOtpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLfpwJ.

gpuNjr nrayu; FOtpdhy; jPu;T fhzg;gLjy; gpuNjr nrayu; kl;lj;jpy; FOthy; toq;fg;gl;l Fiwf;fhd jPu;tpid kPs;guprPyid nra;J Nkyjpf cjtpapid toq;Fjy;

NIR nfhs;if

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;> cupa gpuNjr nrayhsu; kw;Wk; fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;jy; fpuhkkl;lj;jpy;, ePu;g;ghrdj;jpizf;fsk;.


epu;khzk; epu;khzj;jpw;fhf fhzp Rj;jk; nra;jy; (mjhtJ fl;blg;gFjp Rj;jk; nra;jy;)

kio epkpj;jkhd kz;zupg;G mjpfupj;jy;

kz; Ntiyfis cyu;gUt fhyq;fspy; jpl;lkpLjy;. tbfhy; ghijfspy; tOf;fhj nghwpfis epu;khzpj;jy;

fPo; epNuhl;lj;jpy; mjpfupj;j tz;ly; / nghJkf;fs; Kiwg;ghLfs;

vy;iyg;gFjpfSf;fhd njhopy;El;g tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fskhdJ xg;ge;j Vw;ghLfs; Clhf xg;ge;jfhuu;fis Nkw;ghu;it nra;J mKy;gLj;jy;

xg;ge;j fhyk; G+uhfTk;

1.5

jhtuq;fs; mfw;wg;gLjy;

xg;ge;j Mtzq;fspy; Fwpj;Jiuj;jthW Fiwe;jgl;r Jg;ghuthf;fiy cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Rj;jkhf;fy; nraw;ghLfspy; fLikahd fl;Lg;ghlhf ,Uj;jy;. ,J toikahf tbtikg;G FOthy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gLtJld; efu;j;jy; ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; %yg;nghUs; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;likg;Gf;fhf ,lk; Njitg;gLtij kl;Lk; cs;sf;Fk;. Njit 7 xg;ge;jq;fspy;.)

,lkhdJ n`f;Nlaupy; BOQ,y; Fwpj;Jiuj;jthW Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ

,yf;Fg; gFjpfSf;F fLikahf tiuaWf;fg;gl;lJ

ID xg;ge;j Vw;ghLfspd; Clhf ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsk; Nkw;ghu;it nra;tJld; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; mKy;gLj;Jif

Xg;ge;j fhyg;gFjp Rptpy; fpuaj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ

ePu; khriljy; epu;khzr; nraw;ghLfs; gUtf;fhyw;W

ngupa kz;Ntiyfis

njhopy;El;g tpje;Jiug;G

Nkw;ghu;it kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;itf;fhf

epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjp

rptpy; fppuaj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ


213

fhyg;Fjpapd;nghOJ fzprkhd epyj;ijf; Fog;gGtJld; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltifis nghWg;ngLf;fhJ tpLjy;.

gUtfhyj;jpy; njhlf;FjYk; Kbj;jYk;

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsKk;; MNyhru;fSk;

epu;khzg; gzpahsu;fSf;fhf trjpfs; toq;Fjy;

Vw;gpfs; khriljy; (fhzp> ePu;> tsp)

cupa Rfhjhuk;> ePu; tpepNahfk; fopT ntspNaw;wy; trjpfis cs;slf;Ftjw;F epu;khzj; njhopw;gilf;fhd trjpfs;.

njhopw;gil trjpfSf;fhd Vida rpwg;gpay;Gfs;

cupa Rfhjhuk;> ePu; tpepNahfk;> fopT mfw;wy; trjpfs; fhzg;gLjy;

ePu;g;ghrdj;Jiwf;fhf MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; epiwNtw;Wtu;

xg;ge;jfhyg;gFjp rptpy; fpuak; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

kpjkpQ;rpa kz;Ntiy/kz;

mupj;J nry;tJ ePu; khrilit Vw;gLj;Jk;. ePu;g;ghijfs; topNa gbAk; tz;ly;fs; mjpfupg;gjpdhy;.

mfopfSf;F mz;ikapy; kpjkpQ;rpa kz;izf; nfhl;l Ntz;lhk;. ePz;lfhyj;jpw;F mt;thW itg;gPu;fshapd; cupa Kiwapy; %Lq;fs;. nghwpapayhsuhy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l cupa miktplq;fspy; kpjkpQ;rpa kz;iz ,Uf;ftplTk;.

miktplKk; kz; mg;Gwg;gL;jg;gl;l ,lKk; njhifAk;

cupa epug;Gif mg;Gwg;gLj;Jif kw;Wk; mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl;l miktplk;

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;itf;fhd fye;jhNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; epiwNtw;Wtu;

xg;ge;jfhyg;gFjp fpuak; vJTk; ,y;iy

,ae;jpukakhf;fg;gl;l epu;khzk;

,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;Tj; jhf;fq;fs;

rupahd eltbf;if NgZif> kw;Wk; fsg;gof;fq;fs; epu;khz cgfuzq;fs; ed;F gupghypf;fg;gLjy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gLk;nghOJ mikjpahf;fg;gl;l cgfuzq;fis gad;gLj;Jjy;. rj;jk; Vw;gLj;Jk; ,ae;jpuq;fspd; ghtidiaf; Fiwj;jy; of cau; ,iur;ry; kl;lq;fisj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf nraw;ghLfis

epu;khzg;gFjpfspy; gfy; Neuj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l rj;j kl;lkhdJ 75 dB mg;gFjpfSf;Fs;shf ,uT Neuj;jpy; eltbf;iffs; tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ .

njhopy;El;g tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;> ghJfhg;G xOq;Ftpjpfs; CEA apd; rj;jf; fl;Lg;ghl;L xOq;Ftpjpfs;

jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;itf;fhd fye;jhNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; epiwNtw;Wtu

xg;ge;jfhyg;gFjp 1.0


214

ml;ltizg;gLj;Jjy;. Njitg;gLk;nghOJ rj;j jLg;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;Jf gFjpfspy; cupa thfdneupry; Kfhikj;Jtj;ij itj;jpUj;jy; cgfuzq;fis cupa Kiwapy; NgZjy;

epu;khzr; nraw;ghLfspd; epkpj;jkhf tsp khriljy;

thfdq;fs; cupa Kiwapy; Ngzg;gLtij cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; Ntf vy;iyfisf; Fwpj;Jr; nrhy;Yjy;

vy;yh ,ae;jpuq;fSf;Fk; thfdq;fSf;Fk; cupa vupnghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntf vy;iyfis epiyehl;Ljy;

thfd tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; fs tpgje;Jiug;Gf;fs;

xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs;

Xg;ge;j fhyg;gFjp nrytpdk; ,y;iy

epu;khzg;gFjpfspy; ,Ue;jhd J}R

ntspahd Nkw;gug;Gf;fis xOq;Ff; fpukkhf <ukhf;Fjy; tPjp Nkw;gug;Gf;fisg; NgZjy; KbAkhd gFjpspy; ntspahd gFjpfSf;F Gy; tsu;j;jy;

nrd;WtUk; ghijfSf;F xOq;Ff;fpukkhf ePu; njspj;jy; Kbe;j kz; fl;likg;Gf;fSf;F Gy; tsu;j;jy;

Xg;ge;j tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; -mt;thNw-

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; MNyhrfu;fs; Nkw;ghu;itiar; nraw;gLj;j xg;ge;jfhu; epiwNtw;Wtu; -mt;thNw-

Xg;ge;j fhyg;gFjp -mt;thNw-

1.0

jpz;kf; fopTfis vupj;jy;

jpz;kf;fopTfis cupa Kiwapy; kPsg; gad;gLj;j> kPs;tl;lj;jpw;F cl;gLj;j mg;Gwg;gLj;j trjpfis toq;Fjy; gpsh];upf; Nghd;wd kPs;tl;lj;jpw;F cl;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. jpwe;j ,lj;jpy vupj;jiy tiuaWj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs; jpwe;j ,lj;jpy; vupj;jyhdJ tdg;ghJfhg;G ,lq;fspy; vt;tplq;fspYk;

xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; tpiy kDf;Nfhuy; fl;lj;jpNyNa mg;gFjpapy; cs;s jpz;kf;fopT kPs;tl;lj;jpw;F cl;gLj;Jgtu;fis milahsk; fhZkhW Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdu;. vupg;gJ mtrpakhdhy; nghwpapyhsupd;

xg;ge;j tpjj;Jiug;Gf;fs; -mt;thNw- -mt;thNw-

tbikg;Gf;FO kPsha;T nra;Ak; xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;gLj;Jtu;

epu;khzj;jpd; nghOJ ,Wjp tbtikg;G

fpuak; ,y;iy


215

jilnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ mDkjpapd; Ngupy; khj;jpuk; nra;aTk;

rpijTfs; kw;Wk; fopTfs; mg;Gwg;gLj;jy;

jpz;kf; fopTfs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L cupa Kiwapy; mg;Gwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. epyf;fPo; kf;fpfs; kw;Wk; Vida fopTfs; ,dk;fhzg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. KbAkhdnghOnjy;yhk; ePiug; gad;gLj;Jf. epyf;fPo; ghij kf;fpfs; Mdit kPsg; gad;gLj;j Kbahjitfs;. mg;Gwg;gL;j;Jk; jpl;lj;jpy; nfhl;Lk; ,lq;fspy; Nghlg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

fsg; nghwpapayhsu;

xg;ge;j tpje;Jiug;Gfs; -mt;thNw-

tbtikg;Gf;FO/PMNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpg;gu; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;gLj;Jtu;

,Wjp tbtikg;G kw;Wk; epu;khzg;gFjp

rptpy; nrytpdj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; Ntiyaplq;fspy; ,Ue;J mOf;file;j nghrpT fhuzkhf ePu; khriljy;

xt;nthU ,ae;jpug; gFjpf;Fkhd cupa mstpy; gl;lilfis epu;khzp;j;jy; ,ae;jpuq;fis Rj;jk; nra;tjw;F capupapay; juq; Fiwf;ff;$ba ryitj; J}s;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. fopT cuha;T ePf;fpfs; kw;Wk; vz;nza;fs; Nrfupf;fg;gLtJld; xg;ge;j tpje;Jiug;Gf;fspd;gb mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. tjpAk; Ntiy Kfhk;fspy;,Ue;J jpz;k kw;Wk; jputf; fopTfspy; ,Ue;J ePu; khriljy;

fUj;jpl;lf; Fohkhy; fz;fhzpf;fg;gLjy; -mt;thNw- - mt;thNw - - mt;thNw -

tbtikg;G tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; -mt;thNw- - mt;thNw - fopT ePiug; nghWj;jstpy; SLS epakq;fs; ((1990) fopT ePUf;fhd SLS epakq;fs; (2004)

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;/MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; - mt;thNw - - mt;thNw -

xg;ge;j fhyg;gFjp - mt;thNw - - mt;thNw -

rptpy; nrytpdj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

%yg;nghUl;fis vLj;Jr; nry;yYk; Nrkpj;jYk;

nghJkf;fSf;F njhe;juthf ,Uj;jy;

epu;khz %yg;nghUl;fis Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; nra;jy; ,wf;Fjy; vd;gd ,iur;ry; mjpu;T

ePu; kw;Wk; fhw;wpd; juk;

Njrpa Rw;whly; rl;lk; rl;lq;fs;

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; /MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs;

xg;ge;j fhyg;gFjp

nrytpy;iy


216

J}R vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; nghJkf;fSf;F njhe;juthf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.

Njrpa ntspNaw;Wif epakq;fs; CEA ePu;j;ju epakq;fs;

eppyf;fPo; ePu; epu;khzk;

,iur;ry; kw;Wk; ntbf;f itj;jypy; mjpu;T gytPdkhd thry;fs; kw;Wk; mfw;wg;glf;$ba ghiwfs; vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; vof;$ba mghaq;fs; kf;fpia mg;Gwg;gLj;jy; epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijapy; epyePu; frpjy;.

GSMB ,y; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthwhf ntbf;f itf;Fk; eltbf;iffis kl;Lg;gLj;Jf. GSMB xg;ge;jfhuuplkpUe;J ntbf;f itf;Fk; cupkj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; thapy;fisg; gyg;gLj;Jjy;> xg;ge;jfhuu;fSf;F ghJfhg;ghd cgfuzq;fis toq;Fjy; %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf fpz;Lk; ,lq;fs;> nfhl;Lk; ,lq;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;fhf glj;jpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; khj;jpuk; kf;fp nfhl;LtJ mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. (nfhl;Lk; gFjpahdJ T/M vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghijapd; Nkw;gug;Gf;fspy; juk; Fiwe;j cile;j ghiwj;Jz;Lfshy; milj;jy; epyf;fPo; ghijapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; xs;W$l;Ljy; kw;Wk; MzpNghLjy;.

jFjptha;e;j Ruq;fg; nghwpapayhsu;fshy; ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;Tfs; Nkw;ghu;it nra;ag;gLjy; njhopy;El;g tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; mD\;bf;fg;gLjiy tpje;Jiuj;jy;. tpje;Jiug;Gf;fspd; filg;gpbf;fg;gLtij cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; jifik tha;e;j epyf;fPo; ghij nghwpapayhsu;fs; kw;Wk; Gtpr;rupjtpayhsu;fspd; Nrit.

ghiw ntbf;f itg;gjw;fhd GSMB cupkk; epu;khz tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; epu;khz tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; epu;khz tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;

ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;/GSMB/ MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpf;f xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;;gLj;jy; ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;/GSMB/ MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpf;f xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;;gLj;jy; ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;/GSMB/ MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpf;f xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;;gLj;jy; ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;/GSMB/ MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpf;f xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;;gLj;jy;

epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij epu;khzk; epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij epu;khzk; epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij epu;khzk; epyf;fPo; ePu;g;ghij epu;khzk;

rptpy; fpuaj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ

ePu;Njf;f epu;khzk;

ePu;j;Njf;f epu;khzk;

Jg;guT nra;ag;gl;l gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J

fPo; ePNuhg;gl;lg;gFjp

njhopy;El;g tpje;jiug;Gf;

ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;/GSMB/

epu;khz fhyg;gFjp

1.0


217

kz;zupg;G Vwq;fdNt cs;s tbfhy;fs; Fog;gg;glf;$lhJ jw;fhypfg; ghijfs; tbfhy; neUf;fbfisj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. fPo; ePNuhl;lg; ghijf; Fsq;fspd; gpoitj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf gpsTg;nghwpfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. msTf;F mjpfkhd kz;zhdJ Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l nfhl;Lk; gFjpfspy; nfhl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. %yg;nghUs; mfo;e;njLf;fg;gLk; ,lk; kw;Wk; nfhl;Lk; ,lq;fspd; glj;ij vLj;jhs;f.

ePu; topfs; fyf;fkiljy; nghJkf;fs; Kiwg;ghLfs;

fs; MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpf;f xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;;gLj;jy;

kpFjpahf tplg;gl;l %yg;nghUs; mfo;Tg;gFjpfs;

%yg;nghUs; mfo;Tg;gFjpfspd; Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lkhdJ tbtikg;gpw;Fs; $l;bizf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. %yg;nghUs; gFjpfshfpa ePu;j;Njf;f gLf;ifapy; mikag;gl;l gFjpfs;> tdtpyq;Ffspd; ghJfhg;Gf;fhf GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

%yg;nghUs; mfo;Tg; gFjpfshdit tdtpyq;FfSf;F xU mr;RWj;jyhf mikaf;$lhJ.

nrq;Fj;jhd my;yJ fpl;lj;jl;l nrq;Fj;jhd Nkw;gug;Gf;fs; rhe;jkhd rha;Tfshf jl;ilahf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. (1: 3)

ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; / MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;

ePu;j;Njf;f epu;khzk;

1.0

Ntiy Kbf;fg;gl;l kz; mizf;fl;Lr; rha;Tfspd; top kz;zupg;G

fPo; ePNuhl;lg;gFjpapy; Gy;tsu;j;jy;> mjpfk; mupg;Gf;Fs;shFk; gFjpfspy; Nrw;Wtopg; ghijfis mikj;jy;. Nky; ePNuhl;lg;gFjp Nkw;gug;Gf;fspy; fw;Jz;lq;fisg; NghLjy;

fLikahd kz;zupg;ghdJ mizf;fl;bd; ghJfhg;gpy; Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; .

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd njhopy;El;g tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;

ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; / MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;

ePu;j;Njf;f epu;khz fhfyg;gFjp

rptpy; fpuak; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ


218

nts;sq;fs; vy;yh nts;s ntspfisAk; ,dk;fhz;gJld; ghjfkhd nts;sj;jpd; kl;lq;fisf; Fwpj;J tpLjy;. nts;s mghak; Fwpj;J gzpahsu;fSf;F tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;jy; epu;khzkhdj je;jpNuhgha uPjpahf nts;sf;fhyg;gFjpfspd; nghOJ rupnra;J nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. khtl;l mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt epiyaj;Jld; neUf;fkhd xUq;fpizg;G

gapw;rp mku;Tfs; mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt myfpid epakpj;jy;.

ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; / MNyhrfu;fs; xg;ge;jfhuu; ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; / MNyhrfu;fs;

ePu;j;Njf;f epu;khz fhfyg;gFjp

0.8

ePu;j;Njf;f Rw;W tl;lhuj;jpy; rha;T tpOiffs;

];jpukw;w ghiwj;Jz;lq;fis ,dk;fz;L mtw;iw mfw;wptpLjy;. ePu;r;Rw;W tl;lhuj;jpy; kz;zupg;igf; fl;Lg;ghl;by; nfhz;LtUjy; ePu;j;Njf;f Rw;Wtl;lhuj;jpy; kz;];jpukw;w Ma;it Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; NBRO tplkpUe;J jzpg;G Vw;ghLfSf;fhd mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;

kz; ];jpuj;jd;ik tprhuizfs;

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;fhd njhopy;El;g tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;

ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; /NBRO/ MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpf;f xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;gLj;jy;

,Wjp tbtikg;G rptpy; fpuak; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ

mizf;fl;L jtWiffs;

gyg;gLj;jg;gl;l mj;jpthuk; kw;Wk; tprhuizapd;nghOjhd kz; tprhuizfs; kw;Wk; jifiktha;e;j njhopy;thz;ikahsu;fis <LgLj;Jjy;

cupa juj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;

USBR tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;

ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; / MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpf;f xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;gLj;jy

,Wjp tbtikg;G kw;Wk; epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjp kw;Wk; eltbf;iffs;


GijnghUs; gFjpfspd; jhf;fk;

GijnghUspay; jhf;fkjpg;gPl;bd; ;gpufhuk; eltbf;if vLg;gJld;

GijnghUspay; kpFjpfs; kPjhd jhf;fj;jpw;fhd

ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; / MNyhrfu;fs;

epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjp

1.5


219

GijnghUs; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F fz;Lgpbg;Gfspd; VjhtJ re;ju;g;gk; Fwpj;J cldbahf mwptpj;jy;

rhj;jpak; xg;ge;jfhuu;fis Nkw;ghu;it nra;jy;> GijnghUspay; jpizf;fsk;

fhy;tha; epu;khzk;

Jg;guT nra;ag;gl;l gFjpfspy; ,Ue;jhd kz;zupg;G

Vw;fdNt cs;s tbfhy;fs; Fog;gg;glf;$lhJ. tbfhy; neUf;fbiaj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf jw;fhypf ghijfs; mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fPo; ePNuhl;l Fsq;fspd; gpsTfisj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf gpsg;Gg; nghwpfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nkyjpf kz;zhdJ Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l nfhl;Lk; gFjpfspy; Nghlg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

epyf;fPo; ePNuhl;l ePu; topfspd; fyq;fpapUg;gJ Fwpj;J nghJkf;fs; Kiwg;ghLfs;

njhopy;El;g tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;

ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; / MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpg;gu; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; mKy;gLj;Jtu;

epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjp

1.0

Kbf;fg;gl;l fhy;tha;fspypUe;J kz;zupg;G

njhopy;El;g tpje;Jiug;Gf;fspy; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthwhf ntspahd vy;yhg; gFjpfspYk; Gy; tsu;j;jy;. Nkw;gug;G ePupd; cupa tbfhiy toq;Fjy;

fLikahd kz;zupg;ghdJ Kbe;j gFjpfspd; ghJfhg;G mghaj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;


ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; / MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs;

epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjp


fhl;L ahidfs; fhy;tha;f;Fs; tpOjy;

ruzhyaj;jpw;Fs; jl;ilahd rha;Tfis mDkjpj;jy;. kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy fhy;tha;f;F milahsk; ,lg;glhj fhy;tha; fiufis tpl;LtpLjy; Mokhd gFjpfSf;fhf fhy;thapd; ntl;b %Ljy; gFjpiag; gad;gLj;Jf

rha;Tfis jl;ilahf;Fjy; (cjh. 1:3 rha;T) MdJ jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;l ,ilNtisfspy; fhl;L tpyq;FfSf;fhdghJfhg;ghd topia mDkjpf;Fk;.


ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; / MNyhrfu;fs;> tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs;

epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjp


jpwe;j %yg;nghUSf;fhf mfo;e;j gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J Rfhjhu mghaq;fs; kw;Wk;

%yg;nghUSf;fhf mfog;gl;l gFjpfis Gdu;epu;khzk; nra;jy; nghUj;jkhd ,dtiffSld; mt;thwhd gFjpfspy;

kz;zupg;igf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf cupa thl;lj;ij (rha;it) gad;gLj;jy;


ePu;;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; / MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpj;jy; kw;Wk;

epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjp

rptpy; fpuaj;jpy; gFjp cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ (kPs eLiff;fhf &gh 5 kpy;ypad;)


220

mjpfupj;j kz;zupg;G ealth

kPs ely; mt;thwhf mfog;gl;l gFjpfspy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; ePiu tbar; nra;jy; fputy; fplq;Ffspd; rha;it 1:3 Mf;fy;. kz;zupg;igj; jLg;gjw;F Gy; tsu;j;jy; mikf;ff;$ba tbfhy; ghijfspd; FWf;Nf gpsTg; nghwpfis epu;khzpj;jy;

xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;gLj;jy;

f`y;y gfy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpw;F cs;shd epu;khzpg;G

ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; mikg;gjd; %yk; jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; fhl;L %Lif vd;gd ,of;fg;gLjy;

Fsg;gLf;ifapYs;s kuq;fspy; Mff; Fiwe;jJ 50% ia gwitfSf;Fk; kPd;fSf;Fk; tho;tplk; toq;Ftjw;fhf tpl;LtpLjy;

tbtikg;G tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; nfl;lope;JNghd Njf;F Njhl;lj;jpid xU elg;gl;l fhlhf RNjr kutiffspd; tskhd kuq;fSld; xU elg;gl;l kuf;fhlhf khw;Wjy; tho;tpl ,og;gpw;F el;l<L nra;jy; (ruzhyhaj;jpYs;s rPuope;j fhLfs; kPjhd xU fUj;jha;tpw;Fg; gpw;ghL fhl;bd; 350 n`f;Nlaiu kPs el;L tsg;gLj;Jjy;)

epWtg;gl;l RNjr ku ,d tiffspd; vz;zpf;if

ID/MNyhrfu;fs;/FD fz;fhzpj;jy; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;fspd; mKy;gLj;jy;fs; D/ MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; FD ID/ MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; DWLC

ePu;j;Njf;f epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjp

205

ePu;j;Njf;fj;ij Rw;wpAs;s gFjpfis RNjr ku ,dtiffSld; eLjy;


kpFjpahf cs;s fhL kw;Wk; `fy;y gy;Nyfy ruzhyaj;jpYs;s Gy;epyq;fshtd tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;G jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; tho;tplq;fs; NkYk; mope;JNghfhky; ,Uf;Fk; Kfkhfg; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mlu;j;jpahd fhLfs; jhtuk; tpyq;FfSf;F ,aw;if tho;tplq;fis toq;fp kw;Wk; kz;zupg;ig ePNue;J



221

gFjpfspy; jLj;J ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

jpwe;j fhLfSk; Gju;epyq;fSk; RNjr capupd tiffspdhy; tskhf;fg;gl KbAk;. mjd; %yk; mg;gFjpahdJ kpfTk; gads;;sjhfTk; kz; ghJfhg;GilajhfTk; mjd; ePNue;J gFjpfspd; gy;Yapu;j;jd;ik mjpfupj;J kpfTk; gaDs;sjhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

ID, FD MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpj;jy; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;gLj;jy;fs

cj;Njr kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUyapd; KO ePu; tpepNahf kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J100 m Jz;bw;F ,aw;ifj; jhtu %Lifapd; fPo; ghJfhg;gplkhf ghJfhj;J Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

ID, FD MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpj;jy; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;gLj;jy;fs;

nfhd;> Fk;Gf;> jpk;gpwp> Nkhuh> GWj;jh> `y;kpy;yh> nfhnyhd;> n`yk;gh> Nfhk;gh> kP> fhNuh> kf;Fyh> LDkly> khynghy> gdf;f> uk;khdh> fYtw> vn`y;y> mNrhfh> rpak;gyh> nttuz> nfhlfLW> ,q;fpdp> khld;> gf;kp> lk;G> nghwlkpdpah> lkpdpah> nfhlfpupy;y> kpy> eglh Nghd;w RNjr jhtuq;fs; ,e;j 100 kPw;wu; ghJfhg;G ,lj;jpy; elg;glf;$bait


NtWgl;l njhlu;r;rpahd fl;lq;fspYs;s 100 kPw;wu; xJf;fplkhdJ eLjYf;fhf Rj;jk; nra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;gJld; ,aw;ifahf kPs jiyKiw cz;lhfp jhdhfNt njhlu;;e;J ,Uf;ftpl;L



222

tpLjy; jhtuq;fspd; ts%l;LjyhdJ jpwe;j ,lq;fspNyh mg;gFjpapy; cs;s ,ilntspfspNyh nra;ag;glf;$baJ


kdpj ahid Kuz;ghL

jw;NghJs;s kpd;Ntypia ,aw;if tho;tplq;fs; kw;Wk; kdpjd; gad;gLj;Jk; ,lq;fSf;fpilapy; efu;j;Jjy; IUCN My; jahupf;fg;gl;l ePz;lfhyj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;jy;.

fhl;L tpyq;Ffspd; tho;tplj;ij mjpfupj;jy;

ID, DWC MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpj;jy; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu; mKy;gLj;jy;fs;

epu;khz fhyg;gFjp

63

fhy;thapy; tpOk; kpUfq;fs;

fhy;tha; fiufSf;F jl;ilahd rha;Tfis toq;Fjy;. nfhq;fpwPl;l Foha;fSld; Mokhd gFjpfis ntl;b %Ljy;

tdtpyq;FfSf;F ePu; njhlu;ghd tpgj;Jf;fisf; Fiwj;jy;

Mff; Fiwe;jJ500 m ,ilntspfspy; kpUfq;fs; flj;jy;

ID/ MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; DWLC

epu;khz fhyg;gFjp


NgZifg; gpur;rpidfspd; epkpj;jkhf kpd;Ntyp gpioahf njhopw;gLjy;

gp.nr xUq;fpizg;Gld; rptpy; ghJfhg;G gilapd; Mjutspg;gjw;F cs;Su; rdr%fq;fspd; gq;Fgw;Wif tPjpapd; NgZiff;fhf Ntyp NgZtjw;fhd mwf;fl;lis epjpaj;ij epWTjy;

fpuhkq;fSf;Fs; ahidfs; tUtijj; jLj;jy;

ahid Ntypapd; NgZiff;f DWLC apd; epakk;.

ID/ MNyhrfu;fs; DWLC

epu;khz fhyg;gFjp

10 murhq;f epjpaq;fs;

fw;Fop nraw;ghLfs;

fw;Fopf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; cs;s gFjpfSf;F Nrjq;fs;

GSMB aplkpUe;J ntbf;f itj;jy; mDkjpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;. ghiwf; fw;Fopfis ,af;Ftjw;fhd GSMB kw;Wk; CEA apd; tiuaiwfisAk; fl;lg;ghLfisAk; gpd;gw;Wjy;

#o cs;s nrhj;Jf;fSf;fhd Nrjq;fisf; Fiwj;jy;.

GSMB xOq;Ftpjpfs;

ID/ MNyhrfu;fs;DWLC epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjp

rptpy; fpuak; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ


223

ntbf;f itf;Fk; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J 250 kPw;wu; Miuf;Fl;gl;l vy;yhf; fl;blq;fspYk; Kd;Dk; gpd;Dkhd ntbg;G Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;sy; ntbf;f itj;jy; nraw;ghLfshdit jifik tha;e;j Ruq;fg; nghwpapayhsu;fshy; Nkw;ghu;it nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

GijnghUspay; gFjpfSf;F mz;ikahd epu;khzk;

GijnghUspay; epidthyaq;fSf;F ,ilA+Wfs;

ghukhd ,ae;jpuq;fisAk; ntbf;f itj;jy;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp mt;thwhd ,lq;fSf;F mz;ikapy; fhy;tha;fisAk; fl;likg;Gf;fisAk; epu;khzpf;Fk;nghOJ mjPj Kd;ndr;rupf;if Njitahf cs;sJ. mj;jpahak; 5 gpuptpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l 8 ,lq;fs; xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. GijnghUspay; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F ,J Fwpj;J mwptpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; mtu;fsJ Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; ,J epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

epu;khz eltbf;iffshy; epidthyaq;fs; mit ghjpf;fg;glf;$lhJ

ID, GijnghUspay; jpizf;fskhdJ fz;fhzpf;fg;gLtJld; xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; mKy;gL;j;jg;gLfpd;wdu;

epu;khzf;fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ

1.0

eltbf;if kw;Wk; NgZiff; fl;lk; Muk;g ePu;j;Njf;f epug;Gif

Muk;g epug;Gifapd;nghOjhd Gydha;T

tbtikg;G njhopy;El;g Fwpg;Gf;fspy; gzpf;fg;gl;lthwhf vy;yhg;gjpTfisAk; NgZjy;

,Wjp tbtikg;G Fwpg;Gfs;

ID/MNyhrfu;fs; ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; Muk;g epug;Gif.


224

fhy;thNahL ,Uf;Fk; rdr%fq;fspd; tpopg;Gzu;T

r%fg; ghJfhg;G fhy;tha;f;fhd vr;rupf;if rkpf;iQfis ghJfhg;G tpopg;Gzu;Tf;fhff; fl;Ljy; Ntypiag; gupghypj;jy;

ID/ MNyhrfu;fs; fz;fhzpg;ghsu; xg;ge;jfhu;fspd; mKy;gLj;jy;

eltbf;if fl;lk; 2.0

Kiwikapd; ePu; Kfhikj;Jtk;

rpy ,lq;fSf;F Nghjpa ePu; tpepNahfpj;jy;

cupa Nfhl;lh ePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F MASL cld; $l;bizjy; KO Kiwikf;fhd xU ePu; toq;fy; jpl;lj;ij jahupj;jy;

ID tUlhe;jk;

Kiwikiag; NgZjy;

Kiwik juk; Fiwjy;

xOq;fhd NgZiff;fhf xU cupa gupghypj;jy; $l;lj;jpd; gad;gLj;Jifia cWjpg;gLj;jy;

ID topfhl;Ljy;fs;

ID tUlhe;jk;

tptrha tp];jPuzk;

tptrha ,urhad fpUkpehrpdpfspd; mjpfupj;j ghtid

tptrha ,urhad ghtidg; nghUl;fspd; ghtidiaf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;.

fhzp tiuG kw;Wk; jahupg;G

taypy; tpijfs; /fd;Wfis ehl;Ljy;

gapupd; Njitiag; nghWj;J tskhf;fpfisg; gad;gLj;jy;

tptrha ,urhadg; nghUl;fis Fiwthfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;

Nrjdg; grisiag; gad;gLj;Jjy;

G+r;rpnfhy;ypapd; Kiwrhu; Kiwikfs;

mWtil kw;Wk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; Kiwikfs;

tptrha ,urhadg; ghtidapy; Fiwg;G

ID, tptrha jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; MNyhrfu;fs;

eltbf;if fl;lk; 15

eltbf;if kw;Wk;

rdr%fq;fspd; ghJfhg;Gk; fhg;Gk;

Ntiyfis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;ghf eltbf;iffspd;

tpgj;Jf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf;

ID eltbf;if fl;lk; fpuak; ,y;iy


225

NgZifg; gof;fq;fspdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l fhaq;fs;

ghJfhg;ghd nrad;Kiwapy; xU gapw;rpia gzpahsu;fSf;F nfhLj;jy;

Fiwj;jy;

jPtpukhd epfo;Tfspd; fPo; Kiwikapd; nraw;gLj;Jif

nrhj;Jf;fs;> gapu;fs;> kw;W; rdr%fq;fSf;fhd Nrjq;fs;

epiyapaw; fl;lisfisj; jahupj;jYk; Ml;fSf;F gapw;rp mspj;jYk;.

nts;sr; Nrjq;fis Fiwj;jy; tul;rpapd;nghOJ ePu; mOj;jk;.

ID topfhl;Ljy;fs;

ID eltbf;if fl;lk; Annual O&M estimates of ID


226

9 (i) Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpl;lk;

9.1 kz; kw;Wk; ,lmikT

jzpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs;

kw;Wk; Rw;whly; khw;wj;ij

fz;fhzpf;Fk; Kiw

miktplk; / khjpupg;gLj;jy; Neuk; Fwpj;jy;

fz;fhzpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba

Rl;nly;iyfs;

fz;fhzpg;G

fhy ,ilntspf

s;

jhf;fj; jzpg;GfSf;fhd rl;lfNtiy

nghWg;Gf;fs;

nghWg;Gs;s Kftuhyaq;fs;

/fz;fhzpg;G Kfuyhaq;fs;

fz;fhzpg;G nrytpdk;

9.1.1 epu;khzf; fl;lk;

1

.

Nkw;gug;G ePNuhl;lk;> kz;zupg;G> kiyr;rupTfspy; ,Ue;J rha;Tfs; tpOjy;> kiyr;rha;Tfspy; ,Ue;J ,Oglf;$ba ghiwj; Jz;Lfs; tpOjy;

mizf;fl;L mr;R (kfhfpj;Jy kw;Wk; kfhfpUy nghWg;G Rkg;G

miz ) kw;Wk; toq;fy; fhy;tha; epyq;fs;

mizf;fl;L mr;Rfs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha; epyq;fspd; topNa Rj;jk; nra;ag;gl;l epyg;gpupTfspd; kz;zupg;G

2thuj;jpw;F xU jlit

kz;zupg;igf; Fiwg;gjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l eltbf;ifahdJ cupa Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh vdg; guprPypj;jy;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;fs;

fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;fshy; epjp xJf;fg;gLk; cup epWtfq;fspy; fz;fhzpg;Gf;fhd epGzj;Jtk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;

72 tp[aq;fs;

x 14,000/= xU

tp[aj;jpw;F =

1,008,000/=

mizf;fl;L rPnke;Jf;fl;Lf;fspd; Rj;jk; nra;ag;gl;l kiyr;rha;Tfspy; ,Ue;jhd kz;zupg;G

2thuj;jpw;F xU jlit

kz;zupg;igf; Fiwg;gjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l eltbf;ifahdJ cupa Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh vdg; guprPypj;jy;


fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

rPnke;Jf;fl;Lfspd; rha;tpd; Rj;jk; nra;ag;gl;l kiyfspy; ,Ue;J Vw;glf;$ba rha;Tg;gFjp tpOiffs;

2thuj;jpw;F xU jlit

rha;T tpOiffisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l eltbf;if cupa Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh vdg; guprPypj;jy;


fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

cile;j 2thuj;jpw; nrhUfg;gl;l fUj;jpl;l fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO


227

ghiwj;Jz;lq;fs; kw;Wk; nrhUfg;gl;l ghiwj; Jz;lq;fs; tpOtjw;fhd rhj;jpak;

F xU jlit

ghiwj;Jz;Lfs; kw;Wk; cile;j ghiwfs; tpOtijj; jLg;gjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l eltbf;if cupa Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjhd vdg; guprPypj;jy;

Mjuthsu;fs;

mfog;gl;l gad;gLj;j Kbahj kz; gz;lq;fs; kw;Wk; epu;khzf; fopTfis mg;Gwg;gLj;jy;

2thuj;jpw;F xU jlit

cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l eltbf;if cupa Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh vdg; guprPypj;jy;


fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

fhy;tha; topj;jlq;fs; topNa mfog;gl;l kz;gz;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J kz;zupg;G

2thuj;jpw;F xU jlit

milahsk; fhzg;gl;l mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; mfog;gl;l kz;fis nfhl;Ltjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l eltbf;if cupa Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;jg;glfpwjh vd guprPypj;jy;


fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

CEA kw;Wk; NWP Rw;whly; mjpfhurig

2

.

%yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf fplq;Ffspd; mfog;gl;l Nkw;gug;Gfspd; kz;zupg;G %yg;nghUs; mfo;tpypUe;J gad;gLj;j Kbahj kz;iz

vy;yh %yg;nghUs; mfo;TfSk; vy;yh %yg;nghUs; mfo;T fplq;FfSk;

%yg;nghUs; mfo;T fplq;Ffspy; ,Ue;J Nkug;gug;gpy; ,Ue;J mfog;gl;litfspy; ,Ue;J kz;zupg;G

Xt;nthU 4 thuq;fs;

kz;zupg;igf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njr eltbf;if cupa Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh vd rupghu;j;jy;


fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

36 juprpg;Gf;fs;

@ 12,000 = Rs

430,000


228

mg;Gwg;gLj;jy;

vy;yh %yg;nghUs; mfo;T fplq;FfSk;

ghtpf;fg;glhj kz gz;lq;fis mg;;Gwg;gLj;jy;

xt;nthU 4 thuq;fs;

milahsk; fhzg;gl;l mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gLk; ,lq;fspy; gad;gLj;j Kbahj kz; gz;lq;fis mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F cj;Njr eltbf;if mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh vd rupghu;j;jy;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

3

.

fw;Fop gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J kz;zupg;Gk; rha;T tpOifAk;

fw;Fop gFjpfs;

fw;Fop gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J kz;zupg;G

xt;nthU 8 thuq;fs;

kz;zupg;igf; Fiwg;gjw;F cj;Njr eltbf;if mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh rupghu;j;jy;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

18 juprpg;Gf;fs;

@ 12,000 =

216,000

fw;Fop gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J rha;T tpOiffs;

xt;nthU 8 thuq;fs;

rha;Tfs; tpOifiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njr eltbf;if mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh rupghu;j;jy;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

mfog;gl;l Rikahd %Liffis mg;Gwg;gLj;jy;

xt;nthU 8 thuq;fs;

mKy;gLj;Jk; gFjpfis ,dk;fhZtjpy; mfog;gl;l mNj Rik gz;lq;fis mg;Gwg;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njr eltbf;if mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh rupghu;j;jy;

9.1.2 eltbf;if fl;lk;

1

.

Nkw;gug;G ePNuhl;lk;> kz;zupg;G> kiyr;rha;Tfspy;

mizf;fl;LfSk; fhy;tha; tbepyq;fS

Rj;jk; nra;ag;gl;l epyg;gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J

xU tUl fhyg;gFjpf;F xt;nthU

kz;zupg;ig jLg;gjw;F cj;Njr nraw;ghLfs; cfe;j Kiwapy;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

12 tp[aq;fs;

@ 14,000 = Rs

168,000


229

,Ue;J rupTfs; tpOjy;> nrhUfg;gl;Ls;s ghiwj;Jz;lq;fs; kw;Wk; rha;Tfspy; ,Ue;J tpOjy;

k; kz;zupg;G (xNu Nfhl;L gpupTfs;) epu;khzj;jpw;F gpw;ghL mizf;fl;L mr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha; mbepyq;fs;

4 thuq;fs;

guprPypf;fg;gLfpwjh vdg; ghu;j;jy;

Rj;jk; nra;ag;gl;l kiy rha;Tfspy; ,Ue;J epu;khzj;jpw;F gpw;ghL kz;zupg;G

xU tUl fhyg;gFjpf;F xt;nthU 4 thuq;fs;

kz;zupg;ig jLg;gjw;F cj;Njr nraw;ghLfs; cfe;j Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjhguprPypf;fg;gLfpwjh vdg; ghu;j;jy;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

epu;khzj;jpw;F gpw;ghL rPnke;J gbf;fw;fspd; kiyr;rha;Tfspy; ,Ue;J rha;T tPo;r;rpfs; Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpak;


rha;T tpOiffisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njr eltbf;iffs; cupa Kiwapy; fz;fhzpg;gjw;F mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjhguprPypf;fg;gLfpwjh vdg; ghu;j;jy;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

epu;khzj;jpw;F gpd;G tpLtpf;fg;glf;$ba cile;j ghiwfs; tpOtjw;fhd rhj;jpak;


cile;j kw;Wk; ,Oglf;$ba ghiwj;Jz;lq;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njr nraw;ghLfis cupa Kiwapy;; mKy;gLj;j KbAkh vdg; guprPypj;jy;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO

2 ePu;j;Njf;f ePu; ePu;j;Njf;fj; Rw;whlypYs;s nghWg;G rha;T tPo;r;rpfis fUj;jpl;l fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO 12 tp[aq;fs;


230

. kl;lj;jpd; jsk;gypd; epkpj;jkhf Fd;W cr;rp kz;zupg;G rha;Tfs; tpOjy;

ij Rw;wTs;s kiyr;rha;Tfspy;

cau; kiyr; rha;Tfspy; kiyr;rha;T mupg;G kw;Wk; rha;T tpOtjw;fhd rhj;jpak;

nfhLj;j gpw;ghL 1 tUl fhyg;gFjpf;F khjj;jpw;F xU jlit

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njr eltbf;iffs; cupa Kiwapy;; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh vdg; guprPypj;jy

Mjuthsu; Gtpr;rupjtpayhsu;.

@12,000 = Rs

144,000

3 %yg;nghUs; mfOk; gFjpfspd; tpUj;jp

vy;yh %yg;nghUs; mfOk; gFjpfs;

%yg;nghUs; mfog;gl;l gFjpfspy; mfog;gl;l ntspg;Gw rha;Tfspy; ,Ue;J kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; rha;T tpOjYf;fhd rhj;jpak;

xU tUl fhyg;gFjpf;fhf 4 thuq;fs;

mfog;gl;l ntspg;Gw

rha;Tfs; 1:3

cUtg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sjh vd rupghu;j;jYk; gf;fr;rha;T kPJ

„kdh‟ Nghd;w jhtuq;fis tsu;tjw;F mDkjpj;jYk;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO tdj;

jpizf;fsk; – RFO


231

9.2 epyePu; juk;

jzpg;G nraw;ghLfs; Rw;whly; khw;wq;fisf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhd Kiw

miktplk; / khjpupg;gLj;jYk; Neuk; Fwp;j;jYk;

Rl;nly;iyfs; fz;fhzpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

fz;fhzpg;G fhy ,ilntsp

jhf;fq;fisj; jzpg;gjw;fhd epWtd rl;lfNtiy



epjpaq;fs;> epGzj;Jtk; trjpfs; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;

fz;fhzpg;G fpuak;

ePupd; jpirkhw;Wif

epy ePu;j;juj;jpy; khw;wk;

Ph, EC, vd;gd fiuAk; ,urhadg; nghUl;fshFk;. ghukhd cNyhfq;fs; (fhl;kpak;> mu;nrdpf;> yPl;)

ePu;g;gz;gpay;> ngsjPf kw;Wk; ,urhad nrhj;Jf;fs;.

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; kw;WK; khfhz Rw;whly; mjpfhurig

jpirjpUg;gYf;F 6 khjq;fSf;F Kd;ghf Muk;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; 4 tUlq;fSf;F njhlUjy;

9.2.1 kw;Wk; 9.2.2,y; fpuak; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ

9.2.1 epu;khzf; fl;lj;j;pd;nghOJ

ePNuhil epyk; topahd ,lj;jpy; epyePu; kl;lj;jpd; Ma;T ePu;kl;l Rl;bf;fhl;bfis fz;fhzpf;Fk; Kiw

ePNuhil epyj;jpd; topNa cs;s fpzWfs; (5 fpzWfs;) mizf;fl;L mr;R (2 fpzWfs;) tptrhak; (3 fpzWfs;) fpzWfspd; miktplq;fshdit fUj;jpl;lg; gzpg;ghsuhy; ,Wjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Neuk; Fwpj;jy; - eltbf;iff;F 3 khjq;fSf;F

epyePu; kl;lk; khjhe;j ,ilntsp.

PMU ePu;toq;fy; rig Nghd;w xU nghUj;jkhd epWtdj;jpw;F mjid PMU ntspapypUe;J tsq;fis ngWtjw;F

epGzj;Jtk; - ePu; Gtpr;rupjtpayhsu; trjpfs; -ePu;kl;lg; gjpTfSf;fhd cgfuzq;fs;.

khjj;jpw;fhd mz;zsthd fpuak; &gh 100,000.00. tUlhe;jf; fpuak=Rs 1,200,000.00


232

Kd;ghf Muk;gpj;jy;

9.2.2 eltbf;if fl;lj;j;pd;nghOJ

ePNuhl;l epytopNa cs;s gFjpapy; ePyepupd; kl;lj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; kPjhd Ma;T mizf;fl;LfSf;F mz;ikahf cj;Njr tptrhag;gFjp,

Vw;fdNt cs;s fpzWfs; ePNuhl;l epytopNa (5 fpzWfs;) mizf;fl;L mr;R (2 fpzWfs;) tptrhak; (3 fpzWfs;)) Neuk; Fwpj;jy; - epu;khzj;jpw;F %d;W khjq;fspw;F Kd;ghf Muk;gpj;jy;

epyePu; kl;lk; khjhe;jk; ePu;tsq;fy; rig (WRB).

epGzj;Jtk; - ePu; Gtpr;rupjtpayhsu; trjpfs; -ePu;kl;lg; gjpTfSf;fhd cgfuzq;fs;.

epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpw;F 7 Mz;LfSf;F gpw;ghL WRB My; elhj;jg;gLtjw;F khjj;jpw;fhd fpl;lj;jl;l fpuak; 75,000.00, nkhj;jk; 7 tUlq;fSf;F &gh 7.0 kpy;ypad;

9.3 Nkw;gug;G juk;








epjpaq;fs;epGzj;Jtk; trjpfs; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;

fz;fhzpg;G fpuak;


233

9.3.1 epu;khzf; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ

`f;tw;WXah kw;Wk; kP Xah> njupT nra;ag;gl;l rpW ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fspd; kP Xahtpd; fPo; ePNuhl;l Nkw;gug;G ePu;j; juj;jpd; msT.

`f;tw;WXah kw;Wk; kP Xahtpd; Nky; mizf;fl;bd; Nky; ePNuhl;lk; fPo; ePNuhl;lk; (2 khjpupfs;) ,U ePu; khjpupfspd; ePu;gha;r;rf;$ba gFg;gha;Tfspy; rpW ePU;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fs; `f;tw;WXah kw;Wk; kP Xahtpd; Nky; ePNuhl;l fPo; ePNuhl;lk; tskhf;fpfs; kw;Wk; G+r;rpnfhy;ypfspd; kPs; ghtidf;fhf Neuk; Fwpj;jy; epu;khzj;jpd; %d;W khjq;fSf;F Kd;ghfj; njhlq;Fjy;

ngsjPf kw;Wk; ,urhad ePu;j;juk; (pH, epwk;, fyq;fpa jd;ik, TDS, EC, fbdj;jd;ik> fy;rpak;> iejpNuw;> FNshiul;> ,Uk;G> ry;Ngw;> ngh];Ngw; kw;Wk; my;fdpw;wp). tskhf;fp kw;Wk; G+r;rp nfhy;yp kPjp epyePupy; Nghrhf;F kw;Wk; ghukhd cNyhfq;fs;

xt;nthU 6 khjq;fSf;Fk; tUlhe;jk;

ePu;tsq;fs; rig (WRB WRB

epGzj;Jtk; - ePu; Gtpr;rupjtpayhsu; trjpfs; -fs cgfuz Ma;T$ltrjp epGzu;fs; - kUe;jhsu; trjpfs; fs cgfuzq;fs; Ma;T$l trjp .

WRB My; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba fpuak; mz;zsthd tUlj;jpw;fhd fpuak; &gh 120,000.00 ITI. apy; gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba khjpupfs; khjhe;jf; fpuak; &gh 100,000.00

9.3.2 eltbf;if fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ

`f;tw;Wd Xah kw;Wk; kP Xah rpW ePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fs; Nky; ePNuhl;lk; kw;Wk; fPo; ePNuhl;lj;jpy; Fsg;gFjpfs; `f;tw;Wd Xahtpd; fPo;ePNuhl;lk;.

`f;tw;Wd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fk; (xU khjpup) kP Xah (xU khjpup) rpWePu;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fs; Nky; ePNuhl;lk; fPo; ePNuhl;lk; (MW khjpupfs;)

ngsjPf kw;Wk; ,urhad ePu;j;juk; (pH, epwk;, fyq;fpa jd;ik, TDS, EC, fbdj;jd;ik> fy;rpak;> iejpNuw;> FNshiul;> ,Uk;G>

xt;nthU 6 khjq;fSf;Fk;

ePu;tsq;fs; rig (WRB)

kUe;jhsu; trjpfs; fs cgfuzq;fs; Ma;T$l trjp.

WRB My; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba fpuak; mz;zsthd tUlj;jpw;fhd fpuak; 120,000.00


234

FsePu;g;gFjpfs; (xU khjpup) ,U ePu; khjpupfspd; gFg;gha;Tfs; (tptrhag;gFjp) tskhf;fpfs; kw;Wk; G+r;rp nfhy;ypfs; kpFjp Xah Neuk; Fwpj;jy;- epu;khzj;jpw;F MW khjq;fSf;F Kd;ghf Muk;gpj;jy;

ry;Ngw;> ngh];Ngw; kw;Wk; my;fdpw;wp). tskhf;fpfs; kw;Wk; G+r;rp nfhy;ypfs; kpFjp Jizg;nghUs; ghukhd cNyhfq;fs; epy ePupy;

tUlhe;jk;

WRB

Experts-chemist Facilities-field Equipment and lab facility.

Samples to be analyzed at ITI. Yearly cost is Rs 100,000.00

9.4 nghwpapay; mk;rq;fs;






nghWg;Gs;s Kftuhyaq;

fs;



fz;fhzpg;G fpuak;


tplak; 1: Ntiy xd;W Nru;j;jy;> jw;fhypf tPjpfs;> xg;ge;jfhuu;fs; Kfhk;> ePu;tpepNahfk;> kpd;rhuk; kw;Wk; Vida Nritfs;

kz;zupg;ig jLj;jy;> Rfhjhu trjpfs;> fopT ePu;> tbfhy; trjpfs;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpl;lq;fspd; gpufhukhd miktplq;fs;

kz;zupg;G> tbfhy;> fopT ePu; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;G

khjj;jpw;F xU jlit

ID kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;

epu;khz kjpg;gPl;by; mDkjpf;fg;gLjy;

100,000


235

Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; tpje;Jiug;Gf;fspd; gpufhuk;

tplak; 2: kuq;fs;> Gju;fs;> fhLfs;> ku %Liffs; mfw;Wjy;

kpjkpQ;rpa kz;zupg;igj; jtpu;j;jy; kz;zupg;ig mtjhdpj;jy;

Kfhk; gFjpfs;> %yg; nghUs; mfOk;gFjp> mizf;fl;L mr;R> nghWg;G Rkf;Fk; mizfs;> khjhe;j ePu;j;ju gupl;rpg;Gf;fs;

kz;zupg;G tpfpjk; kw;Wk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;l epakq;fSf;fhd ePu;j;juk;

thuhe;jk; ID epu;khz kjpg;gPLfspy; kjpg;gplg;gl;lthwhf

100,000

tplak; 3: gpujhd mizf;fl;L mr;R kw;Wk; nghWg;G Rkf;Fk; mizf;fl;L tope;J rpe;jy; topfs; vd;gtw;wpd; mj;jpthu mfo;T

mjPj kz;zupg;ig jLj;jy;> fiuNtiyfspd; %yk; fiuf;fl;ilg; ghJfhj;jy;> kw;Wk; ghiw mfo;Tfs; kw;Wk; mfw;Wif Kiwfs; ntbf;f itj;jy; Vw;ghLfspy; fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; ePu; milj;Js;s gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J ePu; ,iwj;jy;

mizf;fl;L mj;jpthug;gFjpfs;> %yg;nghUs; fpsWk; gFjpfs; kw;Wk; ePu; rpe;Jk; mj;j;pthug;gFjpfs;

fiuf;fl;L Ntiyfs; ePu; ,iwf;Fk;

tPjq;fs;.


epu;khz kjpg;gpl;by; kjpg;gplg;gl;lJ

100,000

tplak; 4: eLf;fop kw;Wk; ghiwj;Jz;lq;fs; cl;gl mizf;fl;Lfspd; epug;Gjy;

kz; ghiw vd;gtw;iw fpswg;gl;l gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J Kiwik uPjpahf mfw;wy;> Nghf;Ftuj;J nra;jy;

%yg;nghUs; mfOk; gFjpfs; kw;Wk; fiu mizf;fl;Lg;

gFjpfs; areas

ghukhd ,ae;jpu mlu;j;jy; gupl;rpg;Gf;fis itj;jy;

epu;khzg;gFjp G+uhfTk;

ID, kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;


100,000


236

tbtikg;Gfs; kw;Wk; mlu;j;Jifapd; gpufhuk; itj;jy;

tplak; 5: tPjp epu;khzpg;Gf;fs;> ghJfhg;G trjpfs; kw;Wk; Vida E & M Ntiyfs;

gupe;Jiug;Gf;fspd; gpufhuk;> kz;> fputy;> ghiw> ,Uk;G> mikg;G vd;gtw;iw itj;jy; ghJfhg;G Rtu;fs; kw;Wk; ghijfs;> Ntypfs; vd;gtw;iw tiuGfspd; gpufhuk; fl;Ljy;

,Wjp tPjp tiyg;gpd;dy; kw;Wk; ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba gFjpfs; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fs; ghJfhg;G

tiugpd; gpufhuk; tpje;Jiug;Gf;fspd; gpufhuKk; tPjp epu;khzpj;jy;

epu;khzf; fhyg;gFjpapd;nghOJ



100,000


237

9.5 ePu;g;ghrd nraw;ghLfs;






nghWg;Gs;s Kftuhyaq;

fs;



fz;fhzpg;G fpuak;

9.5.1 eltbf;if fl;lq;fspd;nghOJ Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G

fhzp Fwpaplyhy; xJf;fplq;fisf; Fwpj;jYk; mjid ghJfhj;jYk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; kuq;fs; eLjy;

fhy;tha; ghJfhg;G gFjpfs;

ID topfhl;Ljy;fspd; gpufhuk; toikahd fhy;tha; ghJfhg;Gfs;

MW khjq;fs;

ID apd;O&M gzpahl;njhFjpapdu;

ID tUlhe;j

O&M kjpg;gPLfs;

tUlhe;j

O&M kjpg;gPLfspy; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ

9.6 tpyq;F kw;Wk; jhtu tho;tplq;fs;









fz;fhzpg;G fpuak;


238


Mf;fpukpf;Fk; me;epa caupd tiffisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;

fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; trjpfs;> thfdk; epWj;jy; kw;Wk; Rj;jk; nra;jy; gFjp> fhzpj; jahupg;Gf;fhf jhtuq;fs; Rj;jk; nra;ag;gl;l gFjpfs;

Mf;fpukpf;Fk; me;epa capupd tiffis epWTjy;;

%d;W khjj;j;pw;F xU jlit xt;nthU kiof;fhyj;jpw;Fk; gpd;G epu;khz kw;Wk; eltbf;if fl;lj;jpy;

fhl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; cjtpAld; ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jhy; toq;fg;gLtjw;F

&gh. 1.5 kpy;ypad;

mizf;fl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; Vida,ilaPLfspd; epu;khzj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf mUfpYs;s,aw;if tho;tplq;fSf;F Vw;glf;$ba ,og;gPLfis jtpu;j;jy;

/Fiwj;jy;

,aw;if fhLfspy; tho;tplq;fs; Jz;lhlg;gLtijf; Fiwj;jy;

cj;Njr ePu;g;ghrdq;fisr; #o;e;Js;s ,aw;if tho;tplq;fs; fhl;Lj;Jz;lq;fs; mizf;fl;Lg; ghijf;F nrd;wiltjw;fhd tPjpfs; fhy;tha; epytop> fhy;tha; epytopf;Fr; nry;Yk; gFjpfs;> %yg;nghUs; mfOk; gFjpfs;

fhl;L fl;likg;G capupd tif>cl;$W mg;gFjpf;Nf cupj;jhd mr;RWj;jg;gl;l jhtuq;fs; ku tiffs;

%d;W khjj;j;pw;F xU jlit

fUj;jpl;l mYtyfk;

fUj;jpl;l

mYtyfk; /fhl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;

&gh. 1 kpy;ypad;


239

kw;Wk; fw;Fopg;gFjpfs;

cyu; fyg;G vg;NghJk; gr;ir kw;Wk; Mw;Nwhuhf;;fhLfspd; kuq;fis mfw;Wjy;

kfhfpUy kfhfpj;Jy cj;Njr ePu;g;ghrdq;fspd; epu;khzg;gFjpfs;

kuq;fs; kw;Wk; capupd tiffspd; vz;zpf;if

nry;Yk; tPjpfs; kw;Wk; fUj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfspd; epu;khzj;j;pd; nghOjhd xU jlit khj;jpukhd fUj;jha;T

fUj;jpl;l mYtyfk;

fUj;jpl;l

mYtyfk; /fhl;Lj;

jpizf;fsk;, CEA

&gh. 1 kpy;ypad;

9.6.2 epu;khzf;fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ

kPsf; fhlhf;fy; nraw;ghLfs; lhf;fy;

ePu;j;Njf;f xJf;fPl;Lg; gFjpahdJ (ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jhy; Fwpf;fg;gl;l

HFL,Ue;J100kPw;wu; mfykhd Jz;L) gFjpahdJ kPsf; fhlhf;fYf;fhf Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; mope;JNghd Njf;F Njhl;lkhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

xJf;fPl;Lg; gFjpia kPsf;fhlhf;fYk; kw;Wk; mope;JNghd Njf;F Njhl;l kw;Wk; tho;tplq;fis kPs;epiyf;F nfhz;L tUjYk; kuk; ehl;b tsg;gLj;jYk;

%d;W khjj;jpw;D xU jlit

kj;jpa Rw;whly; mjpfhurig

ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsj;jhy; toq;fg;gLtjw;fhf

&gh. 3 kpy;ypad


240

nkhj;jkhf fpl;ljl;l 400 n`f;Nlau; epyg;gug;ghFk;.

kPs;epiyf;F nfhz;L tuy;

/kPshf; fhlhf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;

mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpfs; nry;Yk; tPjpfs; fhy;tha; topfs;> %yg;nghUs; mfOk; gFjpfs;

tp];jPuzk; nff;Nlaupy;

kuq;fs;/ Gju;fspd; vz;zpf;if

%d;W khjj;jpy; xU jlit el;L Kjy; %d;W Mz;LfSf;F gpw;gl;l fhyg; gFjpapy;

fhl;Lj;jpizf;fsk;

fhl;Lj;

jpizf;fsk;, CEA &gh. 3

kpy;ypad;


241









fz;fhzpg;G fpuak;

01 fhzp Rtpfupg;ig nrad;KiwiaAk; el;l<l;L nfhLg;gditAk; fz;fhzpj;jy;

fUj;jpl;lg;gFjpapy; nrad;Kiwapd;nghOJ vOe;jkhdkh

d 10% khjpup

-fhzpfspd; jw;NghJs;s tiffs;> fhzpfspd; tp];jPuzk;> fhzp thlif> fhzp Ml;rp> Gjpa fhzpfSf;fhd jFjpj;jd;ik> el;l<L

nrad;Kiwapd;nghOJ khjj;jpw;F xU jilt

-Njrpa kl;lj;jpy;

MI My; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l nraw;FO xd;wpd; cUthf;fk;

-vy;yh gq;fhz;ikahsu; Kftu;fspd; gq;Fgw;WifAld; fUj;jpl;l kl;lj;jpy; fUj;jpl;l xUq;fpizg;Gf;FO

-ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; fUj;jpl;lg; gzpg;ghsu; cupa gpuNjr nrayfq;fs; rdr%fj; jiytu;fs;

- NIRP apd; topfhl;Ljy;fspd; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ftu;r;rpfukhd el;l<l;L nghjpfs; cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

200,000.00

02 kPs;FbNaw;w nrad;Kiwia fz;fhzpj;jy;

kPs;FbNaw;w ,lq;fspy;

-kPs; FbNaw;w ,lq;fspd; ePbj;J epiyf;Fk; jd;ik -fhzp xJf;fPl;Lr; nrad;Kiwfs; -cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; -tho;thjhu epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; el;l<l;Lf; nfhLg;gdT

xU khjj;jpw;F xU jlit nrad;Kiwapd;nghOJ

Njrpa kl;lj;jpy;

(MI)My; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l nraw;FO xd;wpd; cUthf;fk;

- cupa gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpupTfspd; kl;lj;jpy; vy;yh gq;fhz;ik Kftu;fspd; gq;Fgw;WifAld; xUq;fpizg;Gf; FOf;fs;

-ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk; -fUj;jpl;lg; gzpg;ghsu; -cupa gpuNjr nrayfq;fs; -rdr%fj; jiytu;fs;

tPl;Lj;Jiwapdupd; mbg;gilapy; tPLfis mikf;fTk;> fhzpfis tpUj;jp nra;aTk; tjpthsu;fSf;F epahakhd nghjpfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; -cl;fl;likg;G tpUj;jpf;fhd epahakhd xJf;fPLfs; xJf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

300.000.00

9.7 r%ftpay; mk;rq;fs;


242

9.8 tsp> ,iur;ry;> mjpu;T






nghWg;Gs;s Kftuhyaq;f

s;



fz;fhzpg;G fpuak;


1 epy mjpu;T> mj;jpthuk;> mizf;fl;L epu;khzpg;G> epyf;fPo; nfhq;fpwPl; kw;Wk; ghiw fw;Fopahf;fy;> vd;gtw;Wf;fhf ghiw ntbf;f itj;jypd;nghOJ mj;jpthuq;fs; <lhLjy;

mizf;fl;L epyf;fPo; Nkrd; Ntiyfs;> fhy;tha; epyg;ghijfs;> ,dk;fhzg;gl;l fw;Fopg;gFjpfs;

mizf;fl;L epu;khzj;jpw;fhf xU ghiw ntbf;f itf;Fk;nghOjhd epy mjpu;Tfs;

2thuq;fSf;F xU jlit

epy mjpu;T kw;Wk; mj;jpthuq;fs; jsu;e;JNghtijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cj;Njr nraw;ghLfs; cupa Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh vd rupghu;j;jy;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

ePu;g;ghrdj;

jpizf;fsk;,

GSMB, CEA

fz;fhzpg;Gf; FOtpw;fhf xUehSf;fhd fl;lzk; fpl;lj;jl;l

&gh.15,000/

=

3 tUlq;fSf;fhd nkhj;j

nrytpdk; =

1.2kpy;ypad;

fhy;tha;fs; kw;Wk; ghiwf; fw;FopfSf;fhf ghiw ntbf;f itf;Fk;nghOjhd epy mjpu;Tfs;

2thuq;fSf;F xU jlit

2 mizf;fl;L kw;Wk; fhy;tha; epu;khzpg;G kw;Wk; fw;Fop eltbf;iffspd; epkpj;jkhf GijnghUspay; gFjpf;fhd jhf;fq;fs; ,dk;fhzg;gLjy;

fhy;tha;fs; kw;Wk; kfhfpj;Jy mizf;fl;L gFjpfs; topNa ,dk; fhzg;gl;l miktplq;fs;

GijnghUspay; gFjpfSf;fhd VjhtJ ngsjPf Nrjq;fs;

2thuq;fSf;F xU jlit

GijnghUspay; gFjpfSf;F Vw;glf;$ba ngsjPf Nrjq;fisj; jtpu;g;gjw;F cj;Njr eltbf;iffs; cupa Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

GSMB, CEA, GijnghUspay; jpizf;fsk;> ePu;;g;ghrdj;

jpizf;fsk;,

fz;fhzpg;Gf; FOtpw;F xUehSf;fhd fz;fhzpg;Gf; fl;lzk; fpl;lj;jl;l

&gh.15,000/

=


243

ljh vdr; rupghu;j;jy;

3 maypYs;s tjptplg;gFjpfspy; ,iur;ry; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;F

epiyikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd miktplq;fs;

,iur;ry; kl;l mstPLfs;

Kiwg;ghil mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;

CEA, xg;ge;jfhuu;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

ePu;g;ghrdj;

jpizf;fsk;,

CEA, GSMB

xU miktplj;jpw;fhd tprhuizf;F

Ugh .10,000

/=

4 ghiw ntbf;f itf;Fk; miktplq;fisr; #o cs;s tjptpl ,lq;fSf;F

epy mjpu;T (GV) &

ABOP jhf;fq;fis Fiwg;gjw;fhf

Ntbf;f itf;Fk; gFjpfSf;F mz;ikapy; cs;s fl;blq;fs; my;yJ epiyikapidg; nghWj;J kpfg; nghUj;jkhd miktplq;fs;

ghiw ntbf;f itg;G

epkpj;jkhfGV

& ABOP jhf;fq;fs;

xt;nthU miktplj;jpYk; ghiw ntbf;f itf;Fk; nraw;ghLfs; tiuf;Fk; njhlu;r;rpahd fz;fhzpg;G

ePu;g;ghrdj;

jpizf;fsk;,

GSMB, CEA,

NWP Env Rw;whly; ;mjpfhurig kw;Wk; xg;ge;jfhuu;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;

GSMB, CEA

fz;fhzpg;Gf; FOtpw;F xUehSf;fhd fl;lzk; fpl;lj;jl;l

Rs.300, 000/= midj;Jk; cs;slf;fg;g

l;lJ.

5 Rw;whly; kPjhd J}Rj; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;F

epiyikiag; nghWj;J kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd miktplq;fs;

24 kzpj;jpahy fhyg;gFjpf;fhf mjw;F Fiwthd

10µm (PM10) Fwpg;ghd tplaq;fs;

xU khjj;jpw;F xU jlit

ePu;g;ghrdj;

jpizf;fsk; ,

CEA, xg;ge;jfhuu;

fUj;jpl;l Mjuthsu;

ePu;g;ghrdj;

jpizf;fsk; ,

CEA

xU miktplj;jpw;fhd tprhuizf;fhf

&gh .30,000/

=


244

9 (ii) jzpg;G kw;Wk; fhz;fhzpg;G fpuaj;jpd; RUf;fk;

1. Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;G fpuak;

jzpg;G nraw;ghLfs; fpuak; (,yq;if &gh kpy;)

1 Nkw;gug;G mbj;Jr; nry;yg;gLjy; Nkw;gug;G rha;Tfs; kiyr;rha;Tfspy; ,ue;J rha;Tfs; jtwptpOjy;> khiyr;rha;Tfspy; ,Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;l ghiwj; jfLfs; tpOjy;

1.008

2 %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhd fplq;Ffis mfo;jy;> %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf mfo;e;j fplq;Ffspd; Nkw;gug;gpy; kz;zupg;G> %yg;nghUl; fplq;Ffspy; ,Ue;J gad;gLj;jhj kz;iz mg;Gwg;gLj;Jjy;

0.430

3 kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; fw;Fopg; gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J rha;Tfs; rupe;J tpOjy; 0.216

4 Nkw;gug;G mbj;Jr; nry;yg;gLjy; kz;zupg;G kiy Fd;Wr;rha;Tfspy; ,Ue;J jtwptpOjy;> kiyrha;Tfspy; ,Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;l ghiwj; jfLfs; tpOjy;

0.168

5 kiyr;rha;T mupg;G / ePu;j;Njf;f kl;l ePu; kl;l jsk;gypd; epkpj;jkhf rpwparha;Tfs; tpOjy;

0.144

6 epu;khzj;jpd; nghOJ epyePupd; jsk; khWgLjy; 1.2

7 eltbf;iff; fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ epy ePupd; jsk; khWjy; 7.0

8 epu;khzj;jpd;nghOJ Nkw;gug;G ePupd; juj;ij mstpLjy; 0.480

9 ePu; khjpupfisg; gFg;gha;T nra;jy; 0.4

10 eltbf;if fl;lj;jpd;nghOJ Nkw;gug;G ePupd; juj;ij mstpLjy; 1.2

11 tskhf;fpfs; kw;Wk; G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfSf;fhd ePu; khjpupfis gFg;gha;T nra;jy;

1.0

12 mj;JkPWk; me;epa capupd tiffisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;. 1.5

13 epu;khzj;jpd; epkpj;jkhf ,aw;if tho;tplq;fs; ;kPjhd Fog;gq;fisf; Fiwj;jy;/ jzpj;jy;

1.0

14 kPsf; fhlhf;fy; nraw;ghL 3.0

15 Gdu;epu;khz/ kPsf;fhlhf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; 3.0

16 fhzpr; Rtpfupg;G nrad;Kiwiaf; fz;fhzpj;jYk; el;l<l;L nfhLg;gdTk;

0.85

17 kPs;FbNaw;wy; nrad;Kiwiaf; fz;fhzpj;jy; 0.85

18 mizf;fl;L epu;khzk; fhy;tha; epu;khzk; kw;Wk; ghiwf; fw;Fop mikj;jy; vd;gtw;f;fhf ghiw itf;Fk;nghOJ mj;jpthu jtWiffs; kw;Wk; epy mjpu;T

1.2

19 fhy;tha; epu;khzk; kw;Wk; fw;Fop eltbf;iffspd; epkpj;jkhf ,dk; fhzg;gl;l GijnghUspay; gFjpfSf;fhd jhf;fq;fs;

0.6

20 maypYs;s tjptplg;gFjpfspy; ,iur;rypd; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwj;jy; 0.4

21 epy mjpu;itj; jzpj;jYk; tjptplg;gFjpfspy; ABOP jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwj;jYk;

3.0

22 Rw;whlypy; J}rpapd; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwj;jy; 0.3

nkhj;j fz;fhzpg;Gr; nryT 28.946

Rw;whly; jzpg;Gf;fhd Nkyjpf fUj;Jf;fzpg;G 28.8

nkhj;jf; fz;fhzpg;G nryT 57.746


245

2. Rw;whly; jhf;fj; jzpg;Gf;fhd tuTnryTj; jpl;lk;

,y tpgupg;G fpuak; (,yq;if &gh kpy;)

1 tPl;Lj;Njhl;lk; tPl;LtsT tay;fhzpfs; vd;gtw;wpd; Rtpfupg;G kw;Wk; fpuhk kl;lf; FOf;fSf;fhd nfsut Cjpak; Nghd;w Nke;jiyfs; cl;gl

212.0

2 kioapd;NghJ kz;zupg;igf; Fiwj;jy; 1.5

3 ,iur;ry;> mjpu;Tj; jhf;fq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; 1.0

4 epu;khzg;gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J J}Rfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; 1.0

5 Jg;guthf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J kz;zupg;igf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; 1.0

6 %yg;nghUl;fSf;fhf epyk; mfog;gl;l gFjpfs; kPJ tplg;gl;litfSld; <LgLjy;

1.0

7 nts;s tpopg;Gzu;Tk; njhlu;Gila Vw;ghLfSk; 0.8

8 Gijg;nghUspay; gFjp kPjhd jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwj;jy; 1.5

9 kz;zupg;igf; fl;Lg;gLjjy;; 1.0

10 mjpfupj;j kz;zupg;gpdhy; vOk; Rfhjhu mghaq;fSld; <LgLjy; 5.0

11 jhtu ,og;ig <Lnra;tjw;fhf fhLtsg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; kPsf; fhlhf;fy;> ePu;j;Njf;fk; fhy;tha;fs; epWTtjd; epkpj;jkhd fhl;L %Lifia <L nra;tjw;fhf kPsf;fhlhf;fy;

205.0

12 kdpj ahid Kuz;ghL – ahidNtypia ,lk;efu;j;JjYk; mikj;jf;nfhs;sYk; kw;Wk; DWC trjpfis toq;Fjy;

67

13 ahidNtypia NgZtjw;fhf toq;fg;gl;l epjpak; 10

14 GijnghUspay; epidTr; rpd;dq;fSf;fhd Fog;gq;fs; 1.0

15 tptrha ,urhadg; nghUl;fspd; Fiwg;Gf;fhd epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; 15.0

16 nghUj;jkhd miktplq;fspy; vr;rupf;if milahsq;fis fl;bnaOg;gy;

2.0

nkhj;jk; 525.8

Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhd nkhj;j tuT nryTj;jpl;lk;

tplak; fpuak; (,yq;if &gh kpy;)

1 Rw;whly; jzpg;Gf; fpuak; 525.8

2 Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;Gf; fpuak; 57.7

nkhj;jk; 583.5

9(iii) mKy;gLj;jy; Vw;ghLfs;

cj;Njr Rw;whly; jzpg;G kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gj;jpl;lj;jpd; cupa nghUj;jkhdJk; cupa

Neuj;jpd;nghOJkhd mKy;gLj;jiy cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf PMU xU Rw;whly; myF

kw;Wk; PIU tpy; mtrpakhf cs;sJ. PMU kw;Wk; PIU Mtd xt;nthU myfpw;Fk; Rw;whly; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gJld; fz;fhzpg;Gf;F nghWg;ghf ,Ug;gJld; xg;ge;jfhuu; jzpg;G Vw;ghLfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;F nghWg;ghf ,Ug;ghu;. Nfs;tp kD

Nfhuy; gj;jpuq;fshtd xU BOQ Ak; nfhz;bUg;gJld; xU Rw;whly; Kfikj;Jtj;jpw;fhd xU nghUj;jkhd Mtzj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jt tbtikg;G MNyhrid Fohj;jpy; Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; mwpf;ifaplypy; Mjutspg;gjw;fhf ,uz;L epGzu;fs; (ru;tNjr kw;Wk; Njrpa) cs;slf;fg;gl;bUg;gu;. ,e;j ,U

MNyhrfu;fSk; PMU kw;Wk; PIU gzpahl;njhFjpapdiu topfhl;b epu;tfpg;gu;. xg;ge;jfhu;

jkJ xg;ge;jfhuu;fSila EMP apid rku;g;gpg;ghu;. ,J MNyhrfu;fshy; kPsha;T

nra;ag;gLk;. ,J MNyhrfu; PMU kw;Wk; PIU; vd;gd Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk;


246

mwpf;ifaplYf;fhf cupa Neu ,ilNtisAld; Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;Gf;fhd mDgtkhd cj;jpNahfj;ju;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

PMU kw;Wk; PIU gzpahl;njhFjpapdiu Rw;whly; Kfhikj;Jtk;> Nkw;ghu;it>

mwpf;ifaply; EMPf;fspd; mKy;gLj;jiyf; fz;fhzpj;jy; vd;gdtw;wpy; gapw;rp mspj;J ,aYikiaf; fl;bnaOg;gyhdJ MNyhrfu;fshy; elhj;jg;gLk;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf mKy;gLj;jy; kPJ xg;ge;jfhuu;fis jpirKfg;gLj;jyhdJ MNyhrfu;fshy; nra;ag;gLk;

.

gpd;tUk; ,Lgzpfshdit MNyhrfu;fshNyNa ifahsg;gLk;

I. EMP mKy;gLj;jiyf; fz;fhzpj;jy; VJk; Kd;dwptpf;fg;glhj Rw;whly;

jhf;fq;fs; kPJ rupahd eltbf;iffis rpghu;R nra;jy;.

II. PMU, ADB kw;Wk; CEAf;fhd Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;G mwpf;iffis jahupg;gjpy; Kd;dpiy vLj;jy;

xg;ge;jfhuupd; cz;ikahd epu;khz Kiwapay;fs;> Neu ml;ltizfs;> tif>

tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;wpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L CEMP ahdJ tpgukhd mKy;gLj;jy; jpl;lj;ijAk; gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba epu;khzg; nghwpfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaAk;

ntsptpLk;. CEMP MdJ fUj;jpl;l EMP Ald; xj;jpUg;gJld; xg;ge;jfhupd; nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; miktplq;fspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ftdpf;fg;gLk;.

xg;ge;jfhupd; EMP MdJ gpd;tUtdtw;iw cs;slf;Fk;

I. Xg;ge;jfhupd; epWtdf; fl;likg;G mKy;gLj;jy;> Nkw;ghu;it nra;jy;> mwpf;ifaply; kw;Wk; Kf;fpa Ml;fspd; nghWg;Gfisf; fhl;LfpwJ ;

II. fUj;jpl;l epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Ntiy nraw;ghLfs; ;

III. xg;ge;jfhuupd; tpNrbj;j jpl;lq;fs; gpd;tUkhwhf:

a. Njitg;gLj;jg;gl;l epuy;gLj;jy; njhlu;ghf gad;ghLfs; (kpd;rhuk;> ePu;tpepNahfk; Nghd;w Nritfisf; Fiwj;jy; my;yJ ,ilaP;l;ilf; Fiwj;jy;.)

b. trjpfs; Kfhikj;Jtj; jpl;lk; (tpgukhd tbtikg;Gf;fs;) Kiwapay;fs; vy;yh epu;khzk; njhlu;Gila trjpfshfpa nry;Yk; tPjpfs;> gzpahsu; Kfhk;fs;> fsQ;rpa ,lq;fs;> cgfuzg; gupghypg;G ,lq;fs;> fy; mWf;Fk; tshfq;fs;> rPnke;J Fiof;Fk; ,ae;jpuq;fs;> fw;FopfSk; fy; cilg;gpfSk;> %yg;nghUl;fs; mfo;e;njLf;Fk; ,lq;fs; vd ,d;Dk; gy Nghd;wtw;wpd; vy;yh epu;khzk; njhlu;Gila trjpfis epWTk; ,lq;fs; kw;Wk; Kiwapay;fs; mj;Jld; khriljy; fl;Lg;ghl;L trjpfshfpa tbfhy; toptha;f;fhy;fs;> njhl;b jlhfk;> mOf tpLk; njhl;bfspy; milar; nra;jy;> jw;fhypf rj;j jil vd;gd) gy;NtW trjpfspd; eltbf;if epkpj;jkhd jhf;fq;fis Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;tjw;fhf

c. topkhriljy; (J}Rf;fs; kw;Wk; thA ntspNaw;wq;fs;) fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk;

d. ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;T fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;jpl;lk;

e. fopT Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lk; (jpz;kk;> jputk;> Mgj;jhdJ)

f. nfl;litfis mg;Gwg;gLj;Jk; jpl;lk;

g. tbfhy; Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lk;

h. kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk;


247

i. thfd neupry; Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lk;

j. ,urhadg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Mgj;jhd gz;lq;fs; Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lk;

k. gzpahsu;fs; kw;Wk; nghJ ghJfhg;Gj; jpl;lk;

l. mtrufhyr; rl;lk;

gpd;dpizg;G VI-VI MdJ KO epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;Jf;Fkhd xl;Lnkhj;j tpgupg;ig toq;FtJld;

gpd;tUk; ml;ltizahdJ ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;F nghWg;ghd PIU Tf;fhd epWtdf; fl;likg;igAk; toq;FfpwJ.


248

cU 4-9 NWPC fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; PIU apd; epWtd ml;ltiz

fUj;jpl;lg; ggzpg;ghsu;

fUj;jpl;lg; gzpg;ghsu; gpujpf; fUj;jpl;l gzpg;ghsu;

Rw;whly;

cj;jpNahf;ju; kPs; FbNaw;w epGzu;

rpNu\;l nghwpapayhsu;

nghwpapayhsu;

nghwpapayhsu;

nghwpapayhsu;

nghwpapayhssu;

MjuTg; gzpahl;njhFjp 11 Ngu;

rpNu\;l tiuQu;

cg nghwpapayhsu;

cg nghwpapayhsu;

cg nghwpapayhsu;

cg nghwpapayhsu;

fUj;jpl;l fzf;fhsu;

rpNu\;l cjtp Kfhikahsu;

fzf;fpay; cjtpahsu;

fzf;fpay; cjtpahsu

Kfhikj;;Jt cjtpahsu

Kfhikj;Jt cjtpahsu

rhujp 06Ngu; cjtpahsu; 03

Ngu;


249

10. KbTfSk; rpghu;RfSk;

,e;j Rw;whly; jhf;f kjpg;gPlhdJ njJW Xah tbepyj;jpYs;s `f;tw;Wd Xah ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpw;F ePiu toq;FtJ kw;Wk; rpwpa ePu;j;Njf;f KiwikfSf;F ePiu toq;FtJ kw;Wk; kP Xah tbepyj;jpys;s ,ilj;ju kl;l ePu;j;Njf;fq;fSf;F ePiu toq;FtJ Mfpa

tlNky; fhy;tha; fUj;jpl;lj;ij (NWPCP) kPsikg;gjw;fhd cj;Njr Kidg;Gf;fspd; r%f Rw;whly; nghUshjhuj; jhf;fq;fis ftdkhf ,e;j Rw;whly; jhf;f kjp;g;gPL kjpg;gpLfpwJ. ,jd;; fhz;Gfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,Ufl;lq;fshf mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; fUj;jpl;l ,ilaPLfshdit rhjfkhdJk; ghjfkhdJkhd r%f nghUshjhu Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd epahakhff; nfhzuKbAk;. rhjf jhf;fq;fis mjpfupj;J fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;ba NjitAs;s mNjNtisapy; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisj; jtpu;f;f KbahJ Nghdhy; jhf;fq;fisj; jzpg;gjw;fhf mitfs; ftdpf;fg;gLtJ mtrpakhdJ.

EIA, apd;nghOJ ,dk; fhz;ggl;lthwhf fUj;jpl;lkhdJ mjd; epu;khzk; G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gLk;nghOJ gapu;r;nra;if mlu;j;jpia jw;Nghija 1.2 - 1.7 Mf Kd;Ndw;Wk; topapy; kw;Wk; ePu;g;gha;r;rf;$ba gFjpia jw;NghJs;s 12000 nff;NlaUf;F fhzp epyq;fis mjpfupg;gjpdhYk; nghUshjhu <l;lj;ij mjpfupf;f ,l;L;r; nry;yf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;;. ,jd; cg fUj;jpl;lkhdJ FUzhfiy khtl;lj;jpYs;s nghy;gpj;jpfktpy; FbePiug; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F mjpf %yq;fspy; mjpfup;g;gpid Vw;gLj;Jk;. mNjNtisapy; ePu; nts;sg;ngUf;F kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspd; epkpj;jkhf epyePu;g;ghj;jpfs; ,g;gFjpfs; mjpfupf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjpdhy; njd;de;Njhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fspd; cw;gj;jp jpwid mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;. Neubahf ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; ed;ik ngWk; nghJkf;fisg; nghWj;jstpy; VO gpuNjr rigfspy; 393 fpuhkNrtfu; gpuptpy; thOk; 124>000 f;F Nkw;gl;l Ml;fs; ,f; fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; ed;ik ngWtu;.

fUj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gltpUf;Fk; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f ed;ikfshtd fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tpUk;gg;gLk; ed;ikfis G+u;j;jp nra;tJ khj;jpuky;yhky;

„kfpe;j rpe;jidapy;‟ nrhy;yg;gl;lthwhf xl;Lnkhj;j mgptpUj;jpg; ghu;itapd; topapy;

ed;Nw ,Uf;Fk;. EIA FohkhdJ ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ mjd; epkpj;jk; Njrpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ vdTk; Vw;fdNt ePu;g;gpur;rpid cs;s ,lj;jpy; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij cau;j;Jtjw;F cjtp nra;Ak; gy; ed;ikfis toq;Ffpd;wJ vdTk; ek;gpf;if njuptpj;Js;sJ. mt;tz;zkhd r%f nghUshjhu ed;ikfspd; tpgupg;ghdJ mwpf;ifapd; cupa gFjpfspy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

xJf;fg;gl;l njupTfs; kw;Wk; fUj;jpl;l njupT ,y;iynad;gJ cl;gl;l njuptpid

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250

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251

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252

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cj;Njr tlNky; khfhzf; fhy;tha;f;; fUj;jpl;lj ... - ejustice.lk · NWP Canal Project -EIA Study – Final Report nrhw; FwpaPLfspd; gl;bay; ABOP - mjp mKf;fj;jpdhyhd tsp ntbg;G AIA