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CLASS 32
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
Physical health influenced by psychological health
IF SO: possible prevention rather than fixing the problem afterward
THEMES
Physical health influenced by psychological health
IF SO: suggests possible prevention rather than
fixing the problem afterward
STRATEGIES: Avoid causes or manage emotions
THEMES
HISTORY
Psycho-somatic effects
Behavioral medicine
Health Psychology
Suggests a focus on prevention, rather than cure
STRESS - HEALTHCYCLE
Why do people get sick?
BIOMEDICAL MODEL
Exposure to pathogens Immune response either sufficient or
insufficient
STRESS
Stress and health outcomes
Acute stress Chronic stress
Physical problems Psychological problems
Sequence leading to physical problems Stressful event
Cognitive appraisal ( interpretation )
Physical activation (eg endocrine system)
Health problems
Mechanism
CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASE
Sequence leading to psychological problems Stressful event
Cognitive appraisal ( interpretation )
Adjustment disorder (mild)
PTSD (serious)
Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome PTSD
PTSD
Coping can help
examples
REAPPRAISAL Reframing of event to provide a more adaptive
meaning STRESS REDUCTION
Relaxation Social support
Research Methods
Problems Ethics of experiments
e.g., Social support studies Design problem Correlation vs. causation
New methods
Cold studies Induce a cold
Examine effects of stress, social support, etc
“Hickie” studies
Induce a welt
Examine care giver stress
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Type A personality
Self-induced stress Therefore, curable
Work-a-holic, Impatient
Actually two of the Big Five (agreeableness; neuroticism)
Conscientiousness
Health Adds 7.5 years to lifespan
Better self-care
Better medical care
Neuroticism
Intrinsic stress : biological vulnerability
Situational : neurotics get themselves into trouble
Disagreeableness
Grouchiness damages immune system
Self-induced conflict: fights cause stress
PREVENTIONControllable factors:
AVOIDANCE Positive health behaviors (sleep, nutrition, relaxation)
MANAGEMENT Social relationships (support, conflict) Coping strategies: Stress/emotions
TRADEOFF AWARENESS