Class 7: Class 7: Program goals and Program goals and

objectivesobjectives

UTA School of Social WorkUTA School of Social Work6371: Community & Administrative Practice6371: Community & Administrative Practice

Dr. Dick SchoechDr. Dick SchoechCopyright 2009 (permission required before use)Copyright 2009 (permission required before use)

Suggest printing slides for class using: Print | Handouts | 3 slides per page | grayscale optionsSuggest printing slides for class using: Print | Handouts | 3 slides per page | grayscale options

Review of Previous ClassesReview of Previous Classes1.1. Generalist macro practice history, change process, roles, levels Generalist macro practice history, change process, roles, levels

of interventionof intervention

2.2. Theories, values, perspectivesTheories, values, perspectives

3.3. Conditions of Concern & social problems (Social conditions as Conditions of Concern & social problems (Social conditions as problems/opportunities)problems/opportunities)

4.4. Assessing social conditions/communitiesAssessing social conditions/communities

5.5. Evidence based interventionsEvidence based interventions

6.6. Program descriptions, community linkagesProgram descriptions, community linkages

7.7. Goals and ObjectivesGoals and Objectives

8.8. Information management,Information management, performance measurement, program performance measurement, program evaluation evaluation

GoalsGoals

Describe future outcomes or states Describe future outcomes or states of beingof being

Are not measurable or achievableAre not measurable or achievable Focus on outcomes and impactsFocus on outcomes and impacts Should be ambitious and idealisticShould be ambitious and idealistic

Objectives (course pack)Objectives (course pack)

Action statementsAction statements Clear, specific and concreteClear, specific and concrete MeasurableMeasurable Time limitedTime limited RealisticRealistic Hierarchical (ultimate, intermediate, Hierarchical (ultimate, intermediate,

immediate)immediate) Build on strengths and reduce needBuild on strengths and reduce need

Types of Objectives (Kettner)Types of Objectives (Kettner)

Impact=outcome objectivesImpact=outcome objectives Service=process objectivesService=process objectives Operational=concerns agency Operational=concerns agency

operationsoperations Product=benefit to target communityProduct=benefit to target community (Not a very good classification)(Not a very good classification)

Outcome Objectives (what) Outcome Objectives (what) (Dependent variable)(Dependent variable)

Specifies Specifies whatwhat is to be done or the is to be done or the endsends Use words like: Use words like: to reduce, to lower, to improveto reduce, to lower, to improve Focus on client change required to reduce needFocus on client change required to reduce need Contain an “as measured by” statementContain an “as measured by” statement Provide measures for evaluationProvide measures for evaluationExample:Example: To lower the number of school age adolescents becoming To lower the number of school age adolescents becoming

pregnant in Arlington by 10 percent for each of the next three calendar pregnant in Arlington by 10 percent for each of the next three calendar years as measured by health department data.years as measured by health department data.

Writing Outcome ObjectivesWriting Outcome Objectives

Components of ObjComponents of Obj Direction of changeDirection of change What is changedWhat is changed Target of changeTarget of change Results to be achievedResults to be achieved How measuredHow measured Time frameTime frame

ObjectiveObjective To increaseTo increase parenting knowledgeparenting knowledge in 30 teenage parentsin 30 teenage parents by 10%by 10% as measured by the as measured by the

Baby IndexBaby Index by 12/1/10by 12/1/10

Process objectives (how) (IV)Process objectives (how) (IV)

Specifies the Specifies the means, process, or how attain means, process, or how attain outcomeoutcome

Use words like: Use words like: to provide, to serve, to assess, to provide, to serve, to assess, to trainto train

Provide details for monitoringProvide details for monitoring Can be immediate, intermediate or ultimateCan be immediate, intermediate or ultimate

Example:Example: To provide 2 hours of peer counseling to each of 25 high-To provide 2 hours of peer counseling to each of 25 high-risk females school age adolescents by Dec 2010 as documented by risk females school age adolescents by Dec 2010 as documented by AISD peer counselor records.AISD peer counselor records.Use objective practice worksheet in course packUse objective practice worksheet in course pack

Writing Process Objectives Writing Process Objectives

Component of ObjComponent of Obj Action takenAction taken Object of action Object of action

takentaken To whom or recipient To whom or recipient

of actionof action How How

measured measured By whenBy when

ObjectiveObjective To provideTo provide 3 Hours of parenting 3 Hours of parenting

classesclasses To 100 teenagers To 100 teenagers

identified as high riskidentified as high risk As measured by As measured by

school records school records By 12/1/10By 12/1/10

Levels of objectivesLevels of objectives

Ultimate outcome objective Ultimate outcome objective • Intermediate outcome objectiveIntermediate outcome objective

Immediate outcome objectiveImmediate outcome objective

Ultimate process objectiveUltimate process objective• Intermediate process objectiveIntermediate process objective

Immediate outcome objectiveImmediate outcome objective• Activities & tasksActivities & tasks

Use of levelsUse of levels• Use to organize many objectivesUse to organize many objectives

Objectives: Examples & IssuesObjectives: Examples & Issues Examples in KMM text, pg. 129, 133, 136Examples in KMM text, pg. 129, 133, 136 IssuesIssues

• Hard to tell level in hierarchy (who does what Hard to tell level in hierarchy (who does what & who responsible)& who responsible)

• Managing by goals/objectives is like driving by Managing by goals/objectives is like driving by looking in the rear-view mirror (Deming)looking in the rear-view mirror (Deming)

• Focus is on doing things right rather than Focus is on doing things right rather than doing the right thing (should ground doing the right thing (should ground objectives in need, capacities, evidence)objectives in need, capacities, evidence)

• Fidelity, dosage, measurement, monitoring, Fidelity, dosage, measurement, monitoring, and follow-up are requiredand follow-up are required

Unit of Service Unit of Service (Coley p. 58)(Coley p. 58)

Measure of “how much” of “what” is Measure of “how much” of “what” is provided to the target of the provided to the target of the intervention, e.g., 45 minutes of CBT, intervention, e.g., 45 minutes of CBT, 50 minutes of training.50 minutes of training.

Useful in process objectivesUseful in process objectives Can be hard to measure, e.g., unit of Can be hard to measure, e.g., unit of

service for boy scoutsservice for boy scouts Important to measure fidelity of Important to measure fidelity of

implementationimplementation

Task Analysis Task Analysis (LPL text, p. 114-15)(LPL text, p. 114-15)

The design of jobs based on an analysis of The design of jobs based on an analysis of the many tasks needed to accomplish an the many tasks needed to accomplish an objectiveobjective

Look for frequency & sophistication in Look for frequency & sophistication in working with people and things and working with people and things and consequences of errorconsequences of error

Useful for organizing tasks into jobs, Useful for organizing tasks into jobs, writing job descriptions, deciding writing job descriptions, deciding compensation, designing training, compensation, designing training, evaluation, etc.evaluation, etc.

ChartingCharting GANTT Charts GANTT Charts (shows completion date & (shows completion date &

length of time)length of time) http://www.kidasa.com/Simplicity/examples/HabitatforHumanity.htmlhttp://www.kidasa.com/Simplicity/examples/HabitatforHumanity.html

PERT PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) (Navy 50s) A (Program Evaluation Review Technique) (Navy 50s) A PERT chart is a project management tool used for displaying PERT chart is a project management tool used for displaying project schedules depicting tasks and the dependencies between project schedules depicting tasks and the dependencies between tasks.tasks.

• http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,290660,sid44_gci331391,00.htmlhttp://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,290660,sid44_gci331391,00.html

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Evaluation_and_Review_Techniquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Evaluation_and_Review_Technique

Output of MS project for CPS applicationOutput of MS project for CPS application• http://www2.uta.edu/ssw/utatdprs/msproject.htmhttp://www2.uta.edu/ssw/utatdprs/msproject.htm

Summary — Goals & ObjectivesSummary — Goals & Objectives

Program design is mission driven and Program design is mission driven and operationalized by goals, objectives, & operationalized by goals, objectives, & taskstasks

Goals are idealistic statement of future Goals are idealistic statement of future outcomesoutcomes

Outcome objectives specify the client Outcome objectives specify the client changechange

Process objects say what will be done and Process objects say what will be done and how to achieve the changeshow to achieve the changes

SummarySummary

VisionVision• MissionMission

GoalsGoals• Objective (process & outcome)Objective (process & outcome)

Task (activities taken to achieve an Task (activities taken to achieve an objective)objective)

Unit of service (a measure of what is Unit of service (a measure of what is provided or how much change provided or how much change occurred)occurred)