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Class Osteichthyes - Bony FishFeatures:
includes all fish with a bony skeleton.
scales - round, thin and flexible
have jaws - bony and have teeth
mouth located terminally (front of head)
gills with operculum (bony plate)
Bony Skeleton
Homocercal Tail - even shape
fins have rays - thin membrane over bone, allows for great flexibility
Lateral Line System- pits on the side of body, used to sense vibration in the water
body shape related to lifestyle
Class Osteichthyes - Bony Fish
Class Osteichthyes - Bony FishMore Features:
All bony fish have a swim bladder - gas filled sac that can be adjusted to keep a fish from sinking or rising. This amazing adaptation allows for a heavy skeleton!!
Color patterns are used for many reason in fish - Cryptic (blend with environment) Disruptive (stripes, etc that break up shape of fish - common in reefs) Countershading (bottom lighter than top to blend in with water - looking up)
Fish Behaviors:
most bony fish are VERY territorial
bony fish participate in Schooling behavior - well coordinated units, but have no leader. Mostly used for protection, may also be for more efficient swimming.
Migration - all fish migrate to some extent - once a day, once a month, or once a lifetime. Usually for feeding - from off shore to onshore or from deep to shallow water.
Special migrations:
Anadromous - spend lives at sea, but travel to freshwater to breed (example - Salmon)
Catadromous - breed at sea, but migrate to freshwater to mature (example - Freshwater Eel)
Reproductive behaviors:
Most common is Broadcast Spawning - release of sperm and eggs into the water
courting rituals are common
Sex Hormones are triggered by environmental factors like day length, temperature, food availability, moon cycle
Many marine fishes are hermaphrodites - both male and female
some can be simultaneous hermaphrodites - produce sperm and egg at the same time
some do sex reversal - switch from male to female, or female to male as needed. This change is controlled by sex hormones, but also by social cues (missing female)
Fish Diversity - pictures to enjoy!!!!
Osteichthyes : Tropical Fish Class Osteichthyes: Tropical Fish
Sea Horse
Sea Dragon
Osteichthyes : More Fish! Osteichthyes : Deep Sea Fish
Angler and Snaggletooth
Fish
WHAT!?!?!?!?!?!