Classes and Objects
Classes and ObjectsIntroductionObject-oriented programming (OOP)
encapsulates data and functions into a single unit called
classes.
The data components of the class are called data members and the
function components are called member functions.
Class is a blueprint of real world objects.
Classes have the property of information hiding. It allows data
and functions to be hidden, if necessary.Specifying a Class The
specification starts with the keyword class followed by the class
name.The body of the class contains the keywords private, public,
and protected .Private data and functions can only be accessed from
within the member functions of that class. Public data or
functions, on the other hand are accessible from outside the
class.Usually the data within a class is private and functions are
public. Creating Objects The class declaration does not define any
objects but only specifies what they will contain. Once a class has
been declared, we can create variables (objects) of that type by
using the class name.We can create any number of objects from the
same class.For eg, the class name is employee then we can create
object as employee x;employee A,B,C;Objects can also be created
when a class is defined by placing their namesimmediately after the
closing brace. For example,class employee {}A,B,C; Accessing Class
Members When an object of the class is created then the members are
accessed using the . dotoperator. For example,r.getdata(4,
2);r.showdata();Private class members cannot be accessed in this
way from outside of the class.Example class Employee { public: int
eid,sal; private:void getdata( ){couteid>>sal;}void display(
){ cout
