Classical approach to mgmt is also known as functional approach,empirical

approach or management process approach.silent features are as follows-

Classical approach

Classical approachManagement is viewed as a systematic

network (process) of interrelated functions. the nature is content of these function, the machines, the mechanics by which each function is perform is the core of the classical approach.

On the basis of experience of practisize in managers principles are developed.these principles are use as guidelines for the practicising executive and basis of management training.

Functions ,principles and skills of mgmt. are considered universal. They can be applied in different situation.

Formal education and training is emphasized for developing managerial skills in would be managers. Case study method is of a used for this purpose.

Emphasis is placed on economic efficiency and formal organisation structure.

Peoples are motivated by economic gains therefore organisation’s control economic incentives.

Scientific management approachIt was F. W. Taylor who recognisied for the

first time the need of a scientific approach to the task of managing enterprise or organisation, he is called the father of the scientific mgmt. movement. On the basis of his observations and experiments taylor suggested that the management should follow a scientific approach in their work and scientific method tackling all the problems relating to efficiency the scientific method comprises.

He placed stress in his philosophy on the following things for enhancing the productivity of the workers:-

Science, not rule of thumb.Harmony not discord.Co-operation, not individualism.Maximum output, in place of restricted

output.The development of each man to his

greatest efficiency and prosperity.

Meaning of scientific mgmt.In simple words scientific mgmt. implies

the art of knowing exactly what is to be done and how it is to be done. Under this approach, scientific techniques are applied in the recruitment, selection and training of workers and are also used in tackling various industrial problems.

According to F. W. Taylor scientific mgmt. is “knowing exactly what you want men to do and seeing that they do in the best and the cheapest way”.

Characteristic / features of scientific mgmt.It is a systematic analytical and objective

approach to tackle industrial problems.It uses scientific technique in method of

work, recruitment, selection and training of workers.

It strives to discover the best method of doing a work at the cheapest cost.

It replaces the age old methods of the rule

Of thumb and hit or miss approach with scientific technique.

It brings a complete change in the mental attitude of workers as well as the mgmt.

It puts stress on all factors of production, men, material and technology.

It tries to develop each man to his greatest efficiency and prosperity.

Objective of scientific managementAcceleration in the rate of productivity by the

use of standardized tools, equipment, and methods.

Betterment in the quality of the product by research, quality control and effective inspection.

Decrease in the cost of production of system planning and regulation and cost control technique

Avoidance of wastage in the use of resources, time and method of production.

Placement of right person on the right job through scientific selection and training.

Setting up a sound system of wage payment so as to attain maximum efficiency.