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Naming Organisms A globally accepted biological classification system is needed. Carolus Linnaeus: devised a naming system called binomial nomenclature. Binomial nomenclature: a naming system in which each organism assigned a 2-part scientific name. Homo sapiens Genus species Genus: Capitalized & italicized, a group of similar species species: A group of individuals with same genetic makeup and can produce fertile offspring
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ClassificationHow Many Species Are There?
• Global estimates vary from 2 million to 100 million • a best estimate of somewhere near 10 million• only 1.4 million have actually been named
Problem: limits of current knowledge of species diversity are compounded by the lack of a central database or list of the world's species.
In order to be able to study & understand various species they must be divided up into smaller groups.
Taxonomy = the science of naming organisms1 & assigning them to groups2.
Why do we need a classification system?
Naming Organisms A globally accepted biological classification system is needed.
Carolus Linnaeus: devised a naming system called binomial nomenclature.
Binomial nomenclature: a naming system in which each organism assigned a 2-part scientific name.
Homo sapiens Genus species
Genus: Capitalized & italicized, a group of similar speciesspecies: A group of individuals with same genetic makeup and can
produce fertile offspring
Grouping Organisms
Taxonomic Hierarchy: Group according to similar body structures
Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family HominidaeGenus Homo Species Sapiens
The Five Kingdoms
Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Bacteria Diatoms Mushrooms Flowers Raccoon
The Monera Kingdom
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Bacilli
Cocci
Spirilla
Extreme conditions
Archaebacteria
methanogenshalophilesthermophilessulfate reducers
The Protista Kingdom
Protista
Protozoa Water Molds algae Slime Molds
Grape Mildew
The Fungi Kingdom
Fungi
Zygomycota Deuteromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota
MushroomOrange mold Yeast Penicillium
The Plantae Kingdom
Plantae
Non Vascular
Vascular Seedless
Vascular Naked Seeded
Vascular Seeded
The Animalia Kingdom
Invertebrate
Animalia
Vertebrate
Fish Amphibian Reptile Bird Mammal
Biodiversity• 1.4 million have actually been named
• Between 50,000 and 100,000 species lost every year.
• Up to 100 species become extinct every day.
• Scientists estimate that the total number of species lost each year will climb at a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years.
The End
The Hamel
