KOVAI FIRE AND SAFETY COLLEGE

DIPLOMA IN FIRE & SAFETY MANAGEMENT COURSE

FIRE TECHNOLOGY PROTECTION AND PREVENTION

CONTENTS

1. physics and chemistry of combustion2. classification of fire and fire extinguisher3. fire protective clothing 4. breathing apparatus5. small gears an hand tools6. safety devices7. ladders & ropes and hand tools8. fire prevention (NFPA)9. international fire marshal association (IFMA)10. air craft fire fighting & ship fire fighting fire administration11. hydrant & sprinkler system12. chemical hazards flammable materials 13. solids liquids and gases

Unit-I : physics and chemistry of combustion classification of fire and extinguishment media extinguishers type of extinguishers- extinguishing fire portable fire extinguishers inspection / maintenance of fire extinguishers fire extinguisher inspection tag hydraulics pumps and primers hose and hose fittings.

Unit II : fire protection clothing breathing apparatus small gears and lightning safety devices and special tools rubber gloves safety belts leather protective gloves hand lines ladders ropes hand tools.

Unit III : fire prevention national fire protection association (NFPA) international fire marshal association (IFMA) tariff advisory committee (TAC) aircraft fire fighting ship fire fighting fire administrative and organization .

Unit IV : hydrant system sprinkler system water spray drencher system riser system foam system non water based system automatic detection system fire protection system design.

Unit V : chemical fire hazards flammable materials flammable liquids flammable gases flammable solids principles of safety in storage in the transfer of chemicals solids liquids gases.

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

Class AFires are those which involve ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper or cloth. These fires should be extinguished by using a dry chemical extinguisher. Water is effective in extinguishing these type fires, however, water extinguishers are rarely found in the Medical CenterClass B Fires are those which involve flammable liquids, gases, oil, paint and greases. Either dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers should be used to extinguish these type fires. Note: flammable liquids may reignite after being extinguished. DO NOT USE WATERClass C Fires are those which involve electricity. Either dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers should be used to extinguish these type fires. DO NOT USE WATER!Class Dfires are those which involve combustible metals such as magnesium or sodium. Water can react with sodium and other alkali metals explosively, therefore DO NOT USE WATER! Also understand that CO2 extinguishers are unlikely to be able to contain a Class D fire.Classes of Fire:There is a universal system to describe different types of fires. This system incorporates the use of letters, colors, and symbols to help users select an extinguisher suitable for the type of material involved in the fire.Class A: Ordinary combustibles, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, many plastics, and other common materials that burn easily.Class B: Flammable liquids. Includes gasoline, oil, grease, tar, oil-based paint, lacquer, and flammable gas.Class C: Electrical equipment, such as wiring, fuse boxes, circuit breakers, machinery and appliances.Class D: Combustible metals. Includes magnesium, aluminum, lithium, and other combustible metals or metal dust.

Types of Fire Extinguishers

There are many different types of extinguishers. It is essential that you familiarize yourself with the location and operation of fire extinguishers in your home or workplace!

Stored-Pressure Water Extinguishers:These extinguishers are suitable for use on Class A fires only (ordinary combustibles). Caution: DO NOT use these extinguishers on Class B,C or D fires! Standard water extinguishers contain 2 1/2 gallons of water. Under normal conditions, stream reach is 15-30 feet. Discharge time is 30-60 seconds. These extinguishers must be protected against freezing if they will be exposed to temperatures less than 40 degrees F (4 degrees C).

Film-Forming-Fluoroprotein (FFFP) Foam Extinguishers:These extinguishers are designed for use on Class A and B fires. They are essentially 2 1/2 gallon water extinguishers with a FFFP foam additive. When using this type of extinguisher on a Class B fire, you must be careful to avoid splashing liquid fuels. The foam has the ability to make water float on fuels that are lighter than water.

Halon 1211 Fire Extinguishers:Halon 1211, or bromochlorodifluoromethane extinguishers, are primarly designed for Class B and C fires. Hand carried extinguishers are available in sizes from 2 1/2 to 22 pounds. Caution: when used in a confined area, halon can cause dizziness and loss of coordination. You should immediately evacuate an area after using an extinguisher of this type. Larger wheeled units are available up to 150 pounds. Stream reach is about 8 to 18 feet. Discharge time is dependent on the size of extinguisher.Dry Chemical Extinguishers (Hand Carried):

Dry chemical fire extinguishers are the most common extinguishers at Davis-Monthan AFB. They are two types available: those rated for Class B and C fires, and those rated for Class A, B, and C fires. These extinguishers are available from 2 1/2 to 30 pounds. Caution: when used indoors, these extinguishers will produce a thick cloud of dust, which obscures vision and may cause choking. They have a range of 5-20 feet, although they can be easily affected by wind. Discharge time is 10-25 seconds.Using Hand-Held Fire ExtinguishersExtinguishers have their limits:A portable fire extinguisher can save lives and property by putting out a small fire or containing it until the Fire Department arrives. Portable extinguishers are not designed to fight a large or spreading fire. Even against small fires, they are useful only under the following conditions:An extinguisher must be large enough for the fire at hand. It must be available and in working order, fully charged.The operator must know how to use the extinguisher quickly, without taking time to read directions in an emergency.The operator must be strong enough to lift and operate the extinguisher. It's easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher- simply follow the steps- "P-A-S-S" Pull the Pin: Pull the pinat the top of the extinguisher that keeps the handle from being pressed. Break the plastic seal as the pin is pulled.Aim: Aim the nozzle or outlet toward the fire. Some hose assemblies are clipped to the extinguisher body. Release the hose and point.Squeeze: Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent. The handle can be released to stop the discharge at any time. Before approaching the fire, try a very short test burst to ensure proper operation.Sweep: Sweep from side to side at the base of the fire until it is out. After the fire is out, watch for remaining smoldering hot spots or possible reflash of flammable liquids. Make sure the fire is out.When to Fight a FireBe certain to report any fire beforeattempting to extinguish it!Fight a fire only if:behind you.Do not fight a fire if:Inspection and MaintenanceThe National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) sets the standard for fire extinguishers in the regulation NFPA 10. This section will briefly explain the inspection and maintenance requirements for fire extinguishers.Inspection:An inspection is a "quick check" that an extinguisher is available and will operate. It is intended to give reasonable assurance that the fire extinguisher is fully charged and operable. This is done by verifying that it is in its designated place, that it has not been actuated or tampered with, and that there is no obvious or physical damage or condition to prevent its operation. Fire extinguishers should be inspected when they are initially placed in service and thereafter at 30-day intervals. They may require more frequent inspections if circumstances dictate.Inspection Procedures:1. Located in designated place2. No obstruction to access or visibility3. Operating instructions on nameplate legible and facing outward4. Safety seals and tamper indicators not broken or missing.5. Fullness determined by weighing or "hefting".6. Examination for obvious physical damage, corrosion, leakage, or clogged nozzle.7. Pressure gauge reading or indicator in the operable range or position. Note: Internal pressure is affected by temperature.8. Condtion of tires, wheels, carriage, hose, and nozzle checked (for wheeled units). Personnel making inspections should keep a record of inspections, including those found to require corrective action. The record should include the date the inspection was performed, and the identity of the person conducting the inspection.Maintenance:Maintenance intervals begin on the date of manufacture, which can usually be found on the extinguisher nameplate.Dry Chemical Stored-Pressure Water Foam (FFFP) Monthly inspection (by user)Monthly inspection (byuser)Monthly inspection (byuser)Monthly inspection (by user)Yearly maintenance Yearly maintenance Yearly maintenance Yearly maintenance6-year maintenanceHydrostatic test (every 5years)Foam replace (every 3years) 6-year maintenanceHydrostatic test (every 12years)Hydrostatic test (every 5years)Hydrostatic test (every 12years)If an extinguisher has received maintenance, it should bear a tag or label indicating the type and date of maintenanceand that identifies the person or company who performed the service.

HOSE AND HOSE FITTINGS

DELIVERY HOSEGeneral remarksThe raw materials for endless-woven fire hoses are high-tenacity polyesternb yarn and tubular felt made of high-grade EPMD rubber mixture polyurethane. High pressure-resistance, extremely high resistance to UV light and ozone, complete with rot resistance and neutral behaviour towards a wide range of different chemicals all these characteristics give modern polyester hoses a virtually unlimited lifespan and mean that they require onlya bare minimum of care and maintenance. On top of this, they offer good flexibility, low height, very limited space requirements and scarcelymeasurable elongation even when subjected to intensive stressing.

StructureThe fabric is made on circular looms from twisted high-tenacity polyester yarn generally in a twill weave so as to preserve the greatest possible abrasion resistance. The fabric is responsible for withstanding the pressure entirely on its own. The inner lining (be it tubular felt made of high-grade EPMD rubber mixture or polyurethane) is incorporated using a special vulcanisation process, and makes the hose completely watertight. Where applied in addition to the above, a polyurethane outer coating enhances theabrasion resistance, and thus also prolongs the lifespan of the hose.

HOSE REEL HOSE

Cleaning Drying Storage After use, clean the hoses with water and a soft brush or hose-washingequipment. Soak badly soiled hoses before scrubbing them neverbrush them when dry. Put the hoses under pressure, locate and mark any damaged areas. After cleaning, dry immediately and carry out any repairs that may benecessary. Only store away the hoses in the fire station or in the vehicle once theyare dry. The hose store must be dry, well ventilated, and protected from frostand sunlight. Avoid contact with cement and concrete.

Treatment and care instructions for pressurised fire hosesExcerpt from BFV (the Austrian Fire Service Association), guidelines on thetreatment of pressure hoses: Lay out the hoses without any kinks or twists. Do not drag hoses across the ground or over any sharp edges. Never pull any hoses which are full of water but not under pressure. Do not place them on broken glass, debris, rubble or glowing embers. Do not allow them to be soiled by caustic or adhesive substances. Across roadways, lay them at right angles to the road, enclosed by hoseprotection ramps. In extreme sub-zero conditions, never interrupt the flow of water. Never forcibly roll or kink hoses that have frozen. Do not throw or drop hose-couplings, and always protect them from soiling. Store hoses in the vehicle in such a way that there is no risk of thembeing scraped or abraded during transit.Waterflow rate(l/min)Pressure drop in bar per 100 m length42 mm 52 mm 75 mm 110 mm 200 1,50 0,50 0,10 --300 3,50 1,10 0,20 --400 5,30 2,00 0,40 --600 -- 4,00 0,80 0,10800 -- 6,50 1,40 0,201.000 -- -- 2,20 0,201.200 -- -- 3,00 0,401.600 -- -- 4,50 0,80Pressure drop through friction inside fire hoses toNORM F 2105 and DIN 14811oz

Delivery hose "Synthetic Special"Construction: Polyester jacket, circular woven, twill weave insidelining of EPDM-rubber.Characteristics: Economical, flexible, light-weight, space saving,weather resistant, rot and mildew proof, resistant toaging, ozone, seawater and many chemicals, goodabrasion resistance. General purpose fire hose forpumps and vehicles.Certifications:Certified as to DIN 14811:2007 and AustrianStandard NORM F 2105:2007.Testing pressure: 25 barBursting Pressure: 50 barSynthetic Special Coupling system: StorzFire HosesWeight RemarksDelivery hose "Professional"Premium inside and outside-rubberised delivery hose in a class of its own.Fabric ply: High-strength polyester/polyamide yarn, endlesswoven andcompletely embedded in the rubber.Inside and outside rubberisation: 5Fire HosesDelivery hose "Professional Light"Inside and outside-rubber lined delivery hose, light duty and economical model. Manufactured according to BS 6391:1983/Type 3.Fabric ply: High strength polyester/polyamide yarn, endless-woven and completely embedded in the rubber.Inside and outside rubberisation: Top-grade nitrile rubber, pressed through the fabric ply during extrusion, smooth on the outside for goodn abrasion and heat resistance, maximum flexibility and small coil diameter.Characteristics: Durable and lightweight hose; resistant to oil, petrol (gasoline) and chemicals; heat and weather proof; no cleaning and dryingneeded. Standard length: up to 100 m, standard colour: red. Temperature range: -20C up to +100C. Up to size 75 mm: Testing pressure: 22,5 bar; Bursting pressure: 45 bar. Upon special request: "Professional hoses with British instantaneous and BS 336:1989 couplings can be fitted with rubber protection cuffs.Professional Light Coupling system: British Standard and American NH StandardProfessional Light Coupling system: Storz OrdHIGH PRESSURE DELIVERY HOSESHigh pressure delivery hose "Synthetic Rekord H 38"High-pressure hose certified as to NORM F 2105:2007. Fabric: 100 % polyester yarn, endless-woven in patented special weave with warp threads reinforced; (every fourth warp thread is twisted 12-fold).Inner lining: Reinforced, highly durable EPDM rubberisation.Characteristics: Greatly enhanced flexibility and abrasion-resistance;easy to handle; rot resistant and cold proof; very resistant to ageing; care and maintenance-free; easy to repair. Testing pressure: 60 bar; bursting pressure: 90 bar Comes with Storz 38 coupling, made of gunmetal.206610 Synthetic Rekord H 38, 15 mcomes with couplings Storz 38, made of gunmetalWeight: 7,05 kg.206615 Synthetic Rekord H 38, 20 mcomes with couplings Storz 38, made of gunmetal. Weight: 9 kg.High pressure hose "Synthetic Mammut H 38"Made of high tenacity Polyester filament yarn, and provided with a high quality EPDM rubber lining. For additional protection, the exterior of the hose is covered with black ribbed EPDM rubber, giving extra abrasion resistance. Certified as to Austrian Standard F 2105:2007. Working pressure: 40 bar. Test pressure 60 bar, burst pressure 90 bar.206710 Synthetic Mammut H 38, 15 m, 38 mm diametercomes with couplings Storz 38, made of gunmetal. Weight: 7,05 kg.206715 Synthetic Mammut H 38, 20 m, 38 mm diametercomes with couplings Storz 38, made of gunmetal. Weight: 9,6 kg.206720 Synthetic Mammut H 32, 15 m, 32 mm diametercomes with couplings Storz 32, made of gunmetal. Weight: 6,50 kg.SUCTION HOSEMade of SBR-Quality (Styrol-Butadien-Caoutchouc). Steel wire reinforced.Maximum pressure loads 6 bar, maximum vacuum load 1,8 bar.206610206715Oral Weight RemarksHOSE ACCESSORIES

149010 Suction hose rope with Suitable for handling the suction hoses and strainers. Made of Polypropylene plastics, rot-proof. Comes in a length of 15 m and a diameter of 8 mm. Delivered complete with rope bag. Weight: 0,75 kg.291900 Hose carrierFor easy transport of delivery hoses, either normally rolled or "Dutch rolled. The carrier consists of a perlon strap 750 mm long and a galvanised grip with clamp. Weight: 0,22 kg.292200 Hose holderCertified as to DIN 14828:2004. Suitable for fastening fire hoses to ladders, structures etc. Consists of a Polyester rope 1,6 m long, 10 mm diameter. One end with wooden twist, the other end with loop. Weight: 0,2 kg.292400 Hose holderSuitable for fastening fire hoses to ladders, structures etc. Consists of a perlon strap 300 mm long and a galvanised hook with buckle.Weight: 0,3 kg.Hose jacketsSeals punctured fire hose on the spot and allows fire fighting operations to be carried on. The hose jacket is made of light alloy, with soft rubber liningfor positive sealing.295200 Size C, 52 mm (2"). Weight 0,11 kg.295300 Size B, 75 mm (3"). Weight 0,13 kg.295310 Size 38 (1 1/2"). Weight 0,11 kg.295315 Size 65 (2 1/2"). Weight 0,14 kg.295350 Size 110 mm (4"). Weight 0,18 kg.Recommended Accessory for hose jackets:295400 Carrying bagSuitable for storing a maximum of 18 hose jackets, size C.Weight: 0,4 kg.Hose carrying basketCertified as to DIN 14827. Side part foldable.292420 Type "CSuitable for storing of 3 delivery hoses type C, 15 m each.870 x 520 x 115 mm, Weight: 3 kg.292430 Type "BSuitable for storing of 2 delivery hoses type B, 20 m each.870 x 520 x 145 mm, Weight: 3,5 kg.292460 Type "BSSuitable for storing of 3 delivery hoses type 2 1/2", 15 m each.870 x 520 x 115 mm, Weight: 3,5 kg.291900 (comes without hose)149010292400292200295400 + 295200 + 295300(comes without hose)292420ozzles 149

Hose Accessories292510 P ortable fire hose reelCertified as to DIN 14825:2004-05. Made of steel sheet, painted fire red as per RAL 3000. Comes with 2 carrying handles. Suitable for accommodating either 90 metres of11/2" to 2" hoses or 60 metres of 3" hose.Weight: 15 kg.292515 Mobile fire hose reelCertified as to DIN 14826:1999-01. For fixing on fire trucks.Frame, made of steel, with air tires, painted fire red and white.Suitable for accommodating 180 metres of 3" hose.Dimension: 1300 x 920 x 1370 mm.Weight: 90 kg.

HOSE BRIDGES292600 Collapsible wooden hose bridgesCertified as to DIN 14820:2000. Solid wooden hose bridges for fire hoses, with under-strapping made of synthetic yarns. Each hose bridge accommodates 2 fire hoses up to 3" diameter. Supplied in sets, each set consists of 2 hose bridges. Weight per set: 19,9 kg.

292700 Folding heavy-duty rubber hose bridge "CrocodileExtremely robust and resilient, can be carried in one hand. Folding principle saves storage space. Reflective strips increase visibility by day and night. Each hose bridge accommodates 2 x 11/2" or 2 x 2 1/2" hoses. Compatible with other conventional rubber hose bridges. Supplied in sets, each setconsists of 2 hose bridges. Weight per set: 23 kg.Heavy-duty rubber hose bridgesSolid rubber hose bridges for fire hoses with slip-proof finish. The links, which also act as handles, are used to increase the track width as required.Supplied in sets, each set consists of 2 hose bridges. 292701 for accommodation of 2 x 1 1/2" or 2 x 2 1/2"hoses.Weight per set: 23 kg. 292701005 for accommodation of 2 x 4 or 2 x 5 hoses.Weight per set: 25 kg. 292702 Aluminium hose bridges Heavy duty hose bridges for fire hoses, as per DIN 14820:2000. The bridges are slip resistant by means of profile inserts. Each hose bridge accommodates 2 x 1 1/2" or 2 x 2 1/2" hoses. Carrying capacity per hose bridge: 14 tons. Supplied in sets, each set consists of 2 tons hose bridges. Weight per set: 47 kg.292510, 292515, 292600, 292700292701 / 292701005292702150COUPLINGS AND FITTINGS

COUP LINGS, STORZ SYSTEMA symmetrical, hermaphrodite coupling, no female and male part such as ascrew connection, enables trouble-free matching of hose ends andconnections. Quickly coupled by a 120 rotation (click!) and also quicklydisconnected.The coupling consists of:1 Clamp fitting.2) Tail piece, mounted inside the clamp fitting. During coupling the clampfitting is turned, the tail piece remains stationary, no rotation of seal onseal, no twisting of the hose.3 Circlip prevents the clamp fitting from sliding back on the hose.4) Washer.

Coupling system STORZ light alloyMade of aluminium alloy, certified as to EN 1706:1998 and EN 586:2002. Threads according to ISO 228. Working pressure 16 bar. Washers made ofNitrile rubberDelivery hose couplingsSuction hose couplingsBlank caps with chain1 2 3 4nozzleCouplings and FittingsAdaptersAdapters-Reducer255900 Adapter Storz 38 DFrom Storz 38 to Storz D. Made of light-alloy.Weight: 0,4 kg.256000 Adapter C DFrom Storz C to Storz D. Made of light-alloy. Certified as toDIN 14341:2007-11.Weight: 0,4 kg.256100 Adapter B CFrom Storz B to Storz C. Made of light-alloy. Certified as toDIN 14342:2007-10.Weight: 0,6 kg.256200 Adapters A BFrom Storz A to Storz B. Made of light-alloy. Certified as toDIN 14343:2008-07.Weight: 1,5 kg.Coupling adapters Couplings System STORZ - gunmetalMade of gunmetal, certified as to EN 1982:2007-11 and EN 12420:1999.Thread according to ISO 228. Working pressure 16 bar. Washers made of Nitrile rubber.

Delivery hose couplingsSuction hose couplingsBlank caps with chainAdapters male/female threadSpare parts for Storz couplings:Washers for delivery operationmade of Nitrile rubber, for Storz couplingsCouplings and Fittings

Washers for delivery and suction hose couplingsmade of Nitrile rubber, for Storz couplingsCirclips for delivery and suction hose couplingsmade of steel, for Storz couplingsINSTANTANEOUS COUP LINGS CERTIFIED AS TOBRITISH STANDARD 336:1989The British Standard 336:1989 is using on the delivery side the non-symmetrical instantaneous coupling, consisting of a male and female part, which are simply pushed together. Spring-loaded plungers in the female part grip in the gap of the male part. The couplings will be disconnected by pulling or\ twisting release lugs. On the suction side round threaded suction hose couplings and equipment type BSRT are in use, while the female part always has to be swivelling. The correct use of the female and male parts has to be taken into consideration.British couplings system - light alloy Made of aluminium alloy, certified as to BS 1490:2002. Coupling certified as to BS 336:1989 and non-standardised 11/2" British instantaneous. Working pressure 15 bar. Washers made of Nitrile rubber.Adapters made of light alloy276670 Storz C 2" 0,010 kg276680 Storz B 3" 0,016 kgPLEASE NOTE:m............. malef .............. femaleB. Inst..... British InstantaneousBS........... British Standard336:1989BSRT ...... British StandardRound Thread (certifiedas to BS 336:1989)244389244390244387154Delivery hose couplings, per pairSuction hose couplings, per pairBlank caps with chain, per unitAdapters, instantaneous to instantaneous and BSRT, made of light alloy, per unit Other sizes upon request.British Coupling System - gunmetalMade of gunmetal, certified as to EN 1982, EN 12420 or EN 12449. Coupling certified as to BS 336:1989 and non-standardised 1,5 instantaneous couplings. Working pressure 15 bar. Washers made of Nitrile rubber.Adapters, per unit

PLEASE NOTE:m............. malef .............. femaleB. Inst..... British InstantaneousBS........... British Standard336:1989BSRT ...... British StandardRound Thread (certifiedas to BS 336:1989)Couplings and FittingsDelivery hose couplings, per pairSuction hose couplings, per pairBlank caps with chain, per unitCoupling adapters, per unitWashers for delivery and suction hose couplings, per unitAdapters Instantaneous or BSRT to Storz System,made of light-alloy, per unitPLEASE NOTE:m............. malef .............. femaleB. Inst..... British InstantaneousBS........... British Standard336:1989BSRT ...... British StandardRound Thread (certifiedas to BS 336:1989)277110 B. Inst. 1 1/2" 38 x 85 mm, serrated 1,38 kg277116 BS 336 2 1/2" 38 x 85 mm 2,75 kgSuction strainer with non-return valveStrainers prevent obstructions in the suction line caused by entry of stones, small pieces of wood and other debris. Suction strainers with drainarrangement and non-return valve. Made of gunmetal or aluminium alloyLow level strainer with non-return clapperThis design allows draw-off almost down to the ground and provides good stability. Oblique outlet permits better guiding of hoses through cellar windowsWicker basketOffers maximum protection, prevents even very small objects from entering suction line.

275560 3" Wicker Basket 0,9 kg275562 4" Wicker Basket 1,1 kg275564 5 1/2" Wicker Basket 1,4 kg21150409 Swimmer for suction strainerWeight: 2,5Wire mesh basketOffers together with Suction Strainer maximum protection, prevents evenvery small object from entering suction line.Rosenbauer Ejector PumpSafety type ejector pump, for pumping out of liquids in basements, pits, shafts, bilges etc. Output up to 800 l/min, depending on the hydrant pressure available. Comes with check valve. Weight: 8 kg.

Bilge Turbo PumpSuitable for emptying bilges, basements, ducts and pits. Thanks to its small dimensions, it can also easily be put into tanker vehicles through manholes, by means of 2 lifting eyes. The unit is made of corrosion resistant light alloy. A closed circuit water turbine acts as driving engine. Decanting capacity approx. 1.200 l/min, with a working pressure of 10 bar at the turbine pump. Working head of the bilge pump: 8 metres water column (0,8 bar).MULTIPURPOSE BRANCH PIPES262020 Euro nozzleFlow rate and throw distance conform to EN 671. Provided with Storz 25 coupling, made of light alloy. Weight: 0,5 kg. Infinetely variable by turning the head clockwise from shut-off to spray to 90 to full jet.262000 Multi-purpose branch pipe size DMIn full conformity with DIN 14365 and NORM F-2190. Provided with Storz-D (1") coupling, made of light alloy. The branch pipe valve allows for 3 positions: stop, full jet and spray. Comes with 4 mm nozzle tip. Length: 300 mm. Weight: 0,6 kg.Multi-purpose branch pipe CMCertified with DIN 14365 and Austrian Standard NORM F 2190, made of light alloy. The branch pipe valve allows for 3 positions: stop, full jet andspray. Comes with 9 mm nozzle tip.Multi-purpose branch pipe size BMIn full conformity with DIN 14365 and NORM F-2190. Made of light alloy. The branch pipe valve allows for 3 positions: stop, full jet and spray. Comeswith 16 mm nozzle tip. Weight: 2,20 kg.Multi-purpose branch pipe size CMMComes with nozzle tip 9 mm. The branch pipe valve allows for 3 positions: shut-off, full jet and spray. Special control for water curtain for maximum protection of the fireman. Weight: 1,9 kg.Nozzle Tips 261700 DM Nozzle tip1/4" thread, 4 mm. Weight: 0,05 kg.NOZZLESSelectable Gallonage Nozzles High performance, maximum protection Durable, light-weight construction Ergonomic design

SelectFlow "EN NozzlesThe new line of ROSENBAUER Select Flow Nozzles Type "EN" is certified as to DIN 14367:2002 and in accordance with EN 15182:2007 for an\ operating pressure of 6 bar.1) Spinning teeth made of stainless steel: for superb fog pattern when using "water curtain"-setting.2) Stream adjustment: within 100 rotation adjustment from straight stream to fog pattern.3) Ergonomic pistol grip: for better handling and reduced fatigue.4) Shock-resistant pattern adjustment bumper: with integrated pointer. The Flash-over position at 45 (Pointer at 12 oclock position) is easy to detect, even wearing fire-fighting gloves.5) Rugged, ergonomic on/off handle: glass-fibre reinforced and additionally light alloy reinforcement on both sides.6) High-quality materials: Body hard anodised light alloy, water carrying components corrosion-resistant materials (brass, stainless steel andman-made materials).1 2 3 4 5 6 1675NozzlesTechnical Data:* The flow settings and the stream reach for the types SelectFlow RB 99EN, RB 100 EN and RB 101 EN are measured with reference to anoperation pressure of 6 bar.Straight stream Working from a safe distance with extensive throw range High kinetic energy to eliminate ember and fire pocketsVariable fog patterns Fine water droplets for rapid heat reduction Minimisation of water damage due to smaller volumes of water ideal for cooling, fume abatement and combating solvent firesWater curtain Finest water droplets and wide spray angle to create a large area watershield Maximum protection against radiant heatAdjustable flow settingsin l / min *17,30,80,130,45,85,130,200,130,230,300,400Max. stream reach * 32 m 36 m 44 mLength (without coupling) 28 cm 28 cm 28 cmWeight (without coupling) 2 kg 2 kg 2,1 kg168All nozzles are available either without couplings (female thread BSP) or individually fitted with Storz, British Standard or NH-couplings. Other coupling systems are available on request.SelectFlow and ProJet Nozzles NFPAThe ROSENBAUER SelectFlow nozzle Type NFPA conforms to all aspects of NFPA 1964:2008. It permits multiple flow setting using a selection control ring with detents.The ProJet nozzle provides a combination stream: straight stream and fog together. This combination stream allows attack by the fire fighting teams and an extremely effective extinguishing capacity

Straight stream Working from a safe distance with extensive throw range High kinetic energy to eliminate ember and fire pocketsVariable fog patterns Fine water droplets for rapid heat reduction Minimisation of water damage due to smaller volumes of water Ideal for cooling, fume abatement and combating solvent firesWater curtain Finest water droplets and wide spray angle to create a large area watershield Maximum protection against radiant heatAllAutomatic nozzles Strong lightweight aluminium construction. Automatically adjust to changes in flow and pressure. The slide-type valve allows the operator to control the flow withouteffecting the stream quality. Volume controlled by 6 positions of handle including the shutoff. Pattern detents for positive pattern positioning. Combination of fog and straight stream. Flush without shutting down.Flow rate 40-475 l/min (at 7 bar)Weight: 1,65 kg. Strong lightweight aluminium construction Play pipe with solid compact design for better balance Easy grip vinyl coated handle Constant selectable gallonage - flow remains constant in all patterns Change flow without changing pattern and flush without shutting down Multiple pattern detents for positive pattern positioning Tight straight stream and 110 wide dense fog pattern Quality stream performance even at low pressure Replaceable spinning teeth made of stainless steel Excellent for use with inline inductor and foam making branch pipes Certified as to NFPA 1964 standardIndustrial Nozzle Brass construction. Tough, corrosion-resistant design for harsh industrial and marineenvironment. Heavy-duty spinning teeth made of stainless steel for powerful fogpattern. Multiple pattern detents for positive pattern positioning combination fog and straight stream. Suitable for refineries, offshore platforms, chemical plants, storagefacilities and more. Ideal for use with foam inductors and foam making branch pipes. Weight: 4 kg.Dual agent handline nozzleMade of hard anodised light alloy. Comes with 2 female 1,5" BSP connections. It is designed to discharge water / AFFF solution and dry chemical powder. Side by side horseshoe type valve handles allow Water / AFFF or dry chemical powder to be discharged either separately or simultaneously. For water / AFFF operation, a flow selection control ring with detents can be set for a flow of 50, 90, 150 and 230 l/min or flush (all flow figures refer to a nozzle pressure of 7 bar). Change of flow or flush is possible without shutting down. A moulded bumper ring in front of the nozzle can easily be turned to produce straight stream, narrow or wide angle fog - allowing for man protection water curtain. Heavy duty and replaceable spinning teeth for very fine fog pattern. Dry chemical powder operation: output between 1,5 and 2,5 kg per second. Weight approx. 2,5 kg.

UNIT - II

FIRE FIGHTING CLOTHSIntroductionFirefighters during their job are exposed to:fire, water, static electricity andchemicals.Their protective clothing have to be:fireproof andwaterproof.Firefighters' protective clothing has to satisfy the general requirements:thermal protection,convenience during interventions, comfort under normal climatic conditions and proper ventilation system performed due to release of heat produced by natural firefighters' metabolism.

Protective clothing from heat and flame should be designed to fit comfortably. The European standard EN 340:2003 "Protective clothing - General requirements" - dimensions of protective clothing Three main body measures are necessary for establishment of size of protective clothing:chest circumference, waist circumference and body height.

Three groups of body height: a low growth to 167 cm,the normal growth of 167 to 181 cm andthe tall growth above 181 cm.

Comfort of the protective clothingcan be classified as:thermophysiological comfort - maintain a comfortable state of heat and moisture (thermal resistance, partial air permeability, transport of moisture through the material, the amount of moisture in the material, the possibility of refusing water ...). sensory comfort - various sensory stimuli during the contact of fabrics with body contact (rough or soft cloth, a feeling of warmth or coldness of the body due to contact with the fabric, creating static electricity, tingling sensation, itching ...). comfort during the use of clothes - the ability of clothing to allow free movement of the body, reduce stress or follows the contours of the body / body part (elongation, weight ...)

Protective equipment for firefightersFirefighter's protection equipment can be divided:personal protective equipment (protective clothing and footwear, helmets, masks and belts with accessories) and collective protective equipment, (clothing for protection from heat and aggressive substances, suits for RCB-protection, climbing ropes, equipment for respiratory protection, dosimeters and detectors, and decontamination equipment)

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Protective clothing for firefightersMultilayered and typically is made of four basic layers of material consisting of a combination / system:external material is also called "outer shell" is very strong, a high resistance to heat, flame and chemical resistance, barriers to moisture - reduce the amount of water from the environment can penetrate into the interior of the garment, combined with a woven or non-woven surface, which gives it strength and durability, thermal interlining, a material designed to slow the passage of heat from outside to inside of the garment and inner lining that protects the material thermal barriers, and provides comfort to user and an extra protective layer

Materials for production of the protective clotheshave to satisfy specific conditions of the flame resistance, water resistance, high strengthmaterials can be impregnated and coated with a special coating against fire and water repellency if it is necessaryFlame-resistant cotton fabrics, impregnated and single layer metalized Edirne canvas flame resistant, impregnated and single layer metalized NomexConclusionThe studious approach to the selection of materials for making clothes that are used in extreme conditions (protective uniform for firefighters), special attention should be paid to the designing of the garment and its construction adding commotion during making cuts should be made for multi- layered clothing, extreme movements and extreme conditions the construction of a seemingly unimportant detail on fire interventional clothing is extremely importantClassification of Protective ClothingClassifying personal protective textiles or clothing iscomplicated because no single classification can clearly summarize all kinds of protection. Overlap of the definitions is common since there are so many occupations and applications that even the same class of protective clothing often has different requirements in technique and protection. Personal protective textiles can be further classified according to the end-use functions such as thermal (cold) protection, flame protection, chemical protection, mechanical impact protection, radiation protection, biological protection, electrical protection and wearer visibility.

Step 1: Assess hazardsType of hazard(s)Severity of the hazardStep 2: Identify relevant standards, specifications orguidelinesWith well defined performance requirementsNot well defined performance requirementsStep 3 Screen materials based on protection performance offabrics, e.g. Cold climate protection performance Chemical protection performance Biological protection performance Flame and thermal protection performance Mechanical protection performanceStep 4 Select materials based on other major factors Job performance Comfort Cost Durability Use, care & maintenanceFirefighters are exposed to many hazards associated with their work environment such as. Toxic substances in the ambient air high radiant heat intensities hot flames are common risks in fire extinguishing work.ICriteria that define heat and/or fireperformanceOnce heat is absorbed by a textile fiber, it may promote physical or chemical change or both. All organic fiber forming polymers will eventually thermally degrade at or above a threshold temperature often defined as the pyrolysis temperature, Tp. Level of damage to skin provides a relatively severe, yet survivable, performance criterion level for protective clothing.Human SkinOne of the primary objectives in the design of firefighting clothing is the prevention of thermal damage to the skin. To properly understand test methods for the evaluation of fire-fighting clothing, one must have a sound understanding of the affects of thermal exposure on the skin. The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis.Skin DamageSkin burns are evaluated by ranking the level to which the skin has been damaged. Several scales exist to evaluate skin burns and the most common is to rankby first, second, third degree or higher degrees.Superficial (First Degree)First degree burns are appropriately the most superficial. The thermal damage in this case only affects the epidermis. The physical signs of a first degree burns include redness and some painPartial Thickness (Second Degree)A second degree burn occurs when the epidermis is destroyed at the burn location. A superficial second degree burn does not damage the dermis. If the dermis is damaged, the trauma is considered a deep second degree burn. Physically, the skin will appear red,blistered, moist, and will be painful. A pale white color will appear under the blisters if the burn is deep.

Full Thickness (Third Degree)Third degree burns occur when both the epidermisand dermis suffer complete necrosis. This burn extends below the hair follicle depth. Damage may also penetrate the subcutaneous tissue. The skin is unable regenerate on its own, and will appear gray in color, charred, and have a leathery texture.Fourth Degree and BeyondAlthough it is common to discuss first, second, and third degree burns exclusively, the rating system does extend to a sixth degree. Fourth degree burns are those which require skin grafts to heal the patient. Fifth degree burns are those in which the muscle isdamaged. Sixth degree burns damage the bone.Rate of Skin DamageThe normal human skin temperature at the surface is 32.5oC, and thermal damage will begin when the temperature at the base of the epidermis, approximately 80-m below the surface, is increased above 44oC. Damage to the skin is a function of the skin temperature, and the period of time when this temperature is greater than 44oC. The rate of damage to the skin increaseslogarithmically, such that the rate of damage at 50oC is 100 times greater than the rate of damage at 45oCRegardless of the mode of application of the heat flux, the temperature rise, and therefore the 2nd degree burn tolerance time, are related to the amount of heat absorbed by the skin.Firefighters garments or Proximity suitThe term garment, when referring to firefighterturnout gear, is defined as the coat, trouser, or coverallelements of the protective ensemble designed toprovide minimum protection to the upper and lowertorso, arms, and legs, excluding the head, hands, andfeet.Fire proximity suit is a heat-reflecting metallic finished fabric, usedin outer layer of fire-fighting applications.It is manufactured from vacuum-deposited aluminized material.It can be exposed in extreme heat such as aircraft fires and some chemical fires.Aluminised fire proximity suit are designed for rescue operationsand places at a temperature ranging 6000F.The outer layer of these suit being aluminized helps to reflect about90% heat.1930s 1937-43s modernsuit:- The outer surface of the proximity suit is made by a mirror polishedaluminised finish.Collar:- The collar is designed to be twice the height in the rear as in thefront.Sleeves:- The sleeves of the coat are designed to act as zippered ventopening in pit.Front fastener:- The coat is opened and closed by both a backway zippercovered by a Velcro closure.

Approach suitused for work in the general area of high temperaturessuch as steel mills. (Ambient heat protection up to ~200 F )Rescue suitused for aircraft rescue and fire fighting (AR-FF) & for kilnwork. (Kiln suit ambient protection upto 700 F)Entry suitused for entry into extreme heat and situations requiringprotection from total flame engulfment. Most commonly made of Zetex andnot aluminized. Entry suit ambient protection ~700 F for short duration and prolonged radiant heat up to 600 F

Material that used for proximity suitsproximity suits are made-up of fire resistant fibres mainly aramidssuch as Nomex and Kevlar, Polybenzimidazol (PBI) fibres(