Classification of MatterEverything is made of matter. Matter is

anything that has mass & volumeMatter comes in phases. They are:

•Gas•Liquid•Solid•PlasmaMatter made of:

1.Pure Substances(Hint: Start from the left side)

• ATOM• CAN NOT BE BROKEN

Gold - element

1.Pure Substance• Element

– composed of identical atoms– Metals, Nonmetals(gases) & metalloids. From PT– EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

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Diatomic Elements: H2O2Cl2Br2F2I2N2H2

N2 O2 F2

Cl2

Br2

F2

1. Pure Substances

• Compound– Composed of 2 or more elements

in a fixed ratio

– Chemical bonds hold the elements together

– EX: table salt (NaCl)

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1. Pure substance. Molecules• Groups of two or more atoms bound by

chemical bonds• Can be two of the same element

2. Mixtures Variable combination of two or more pure

substances. ( LEFT SIDE) ( RIGHT SIDE)

Homogeneous- Evenly Mixed cannot see different parts. (Same- uniformed)

Heterogeneous – Can see different parts (different-Not uniformed)

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Elements

only one kindof atom; atomsare bonded itthe element

is diatomic orpolyatomic

Compounds

two ormore kindsof atomsthat arebonded

substancewith

definitemakeup

andproperties

Mixtures

two or moresubstances

that arephysically

mixed

two ormore

kinds ofand

Packard, Jacobs, Marshall, Chemistry Pearson AGS Globe, page (Figure 2.4.1)

Tyndall Effect• The scattering of light by particlesin a mixture

Tyndall Effect

2. Mixtures

a. Homogeneous- Solution

– very small particles– no Tyndall effect– particles don’t settle

– EX: – rubbing alcohol (ethyl alcohol

and water)– Air (nitrogen and oxygen)

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2. Mixturesb. Heterogeneous

– Colloid – medium-sized particles– Tyndall effect– particles don’t settle– Particles scatter light– EX:

• Milk• Clouds• Smoke• mayo

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Classification of Matter

uniformproperties?

fixedcomposition?

chemicallydecomposable?

no

no

no

yes

hetero-geneousmixture

solution

element

compound

http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/slides/sld003.htm

2. Mixtures

b. Heterogenous– suspension– large particles– Tyndall effect– particles settle– EX:

• fresh-squeezed lemonade

• Sand in water

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2. MixturesHeterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Examples:– mayonnaise

– muddy water

– fog

– saltwater

– Italian salad dressing

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colloidsuspensioncolloidsolution

suspension

MATTERCan it be physically

separated?

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes no

Can it be chemically decomposed?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

Colloids Suspensions

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Matter

SubstanceDefinite

composition(homogeneous)

Element(Examples: iron, sulfur,

carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, silver)

Mixture ofSubstances

Variable composition

Compound(Examples: water.

iron (II) sulfide, methane,Aluminum silicate)

Homogeneous mixture

Uniform throughout,also called a solution

(Examples: air, tap water,gold alloy)

Heterogeneous mixtureNonuniform

distinct phases(Examples: soup, concrete, granite)

Chemicallyseparable

Physicallyseparable

Classification of Matter

The Composition of Air 78% N2 21%O2 & 1% other gases

Air

Nitrogen78%

Oxygen21%Helium

Watervapor

Neon

Carbondioxide Argon

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 34

Top Ten Elements in the Universe

Percent Element (by atoms)

1. Hydrogen 73.92. Helium 24.03. Oxygen 1.14. Carbon 0.465. Neon 0.136. Iron 0.117. Nitrogen 0.0978. Silicon 0.0659. Magnesium 0.058

10. Sulfur 0.044

A typical spiral galaxy(Milky Way is a spiral galaxy)

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 26