Classification of Roads in India

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CLASSIFICATION

OF ROADS

CLASSIFICATION

OF ROADS

v. venkata narayanav. venkata narayana

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CLASSIFICATION ?

For the purpose of 1. Transport planning,

2. Functional Identification,

3. Earmarking Administrative Jurisdiction and

4. Assigning priorities.

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CLASSIFICATION

The Roads classified in to THREE classes1. Primary System ::

a) Expressways.

b) National Highways (NH).

2. Secondary System ::a) State Highways (SH).

b) Major District Roads (MDR).

3. Tertiary system or Rural Roads::a) Other District Roads (ODR).

b) Village Roads (VR).

(1)EXPRESSWAYS

An expressway is a divided highway forhigh-speed traffic with at least, partial control ofaccess.

Have superior facilities and design standards.

These may be NH of SH.

Ex:: ORR in Hyderabad ( 158 km )

Mumbai- Pune Expressway (93 km)

Total Length in India = 3180 km

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Mumbai- Pune Express Highway

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(ii) National Highways (NH)

Main Highways running through thelength and breadth of country.

Connects major ports, foreign highways,State capitals, large industrial and touristcenters.

Total length of NH = 70548 Km

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NH in INDIA

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(iii) State Highways (SH)

Arterial routs of a State linking DistrictHead Quarters and important cities withinthe state.

Connects National Highways orhighways of neighboring states.

Total length of SH = 1,31,899 km

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(iv) Major District Roads (MDR)

Important roads within a districtserving areas of production and markets.

Connects some other MDR or withNational Highways.

Total Length of MDR = 4,67,763

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(v) Other District Roads (ODR

Serves rural areas of production.

Connects to market centers, taluka head quarters,block development head quarters or other main roads.

(vi) Village Roads (VR)

Roads connecting villages or groups of villages with each other and to the nearest road of higher category

Total length of ODR and VR ( Rural Roads) = 26,50,000

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NH

SH

MDR

ODR

/VR

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GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS

1. RURAL(NON-URBAN) HIGHWAYS,

2. URBAN ROADS IN PLAINS.

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i. Arterial Roads,

ii. Sub-arterial Roads,

iii. Collector Roads,

iv. Local Street.

2) LASSIFICATION OF URBAN ROADS IN PLAINS

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(a) Arterial.

A street primarily for through traffic, usuallyon a continuous route.

These should be coordinated with existingand proposed expressway systems.

These are divided highways with full orpartial access.

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(b) Sub-arterial

A street primarily for through traffic,usually on a continuous route but offeringsome what lower level of traffic mobilitythan the arterial

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(c) Collector Street

A street for collecting and distributing trafficfrom and to local streets and also for providing

access to arterial streets.

(d) Local Street

A street primarily for access to residence,business or other abutting property.

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1

2

4

3

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Elements of roads

1. Carriageway,

2. Roadway,

3. Design Speed,

4. Road Land,

5. Building Lines,

6. Control Lines,

7. Design traffic,

8. Pavement camber

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TERRAIN CLASSIFICATION

Terrain is classified by the generalSLOPE of the country across HighwayAlignment.

Geometric Design of a highway isinfluenced significantly by terraincondition.

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S.No Terrain ClassificationPer cent cross

slope of the country

1 Plain 0 - 10

2 Rolling 10-25

3 Mountainous 25-60

4 Steep Greater than 60

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m6

m5.2

m1

0

TerrainRollong _

TerrainPlain_

TerrainsMountainou _

TerrainSteep _

10.0 m

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CARRIAGEWAY

S.No Type of carriagewayWidth of carriageway

(m)

1 Single lane 3.75

2 Two-lanes without raised kerbs 7.00

3 Two-lanes with raised kerbs 7.50

4 Multi-lane pavements,

Width per lane.

3.5

carriageway

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ROADWAY

Roadway width is the sum total ofcarriageway width and shoulder width on eitherside.

shoulder carriageway shoulder

ROADWAY

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WIDTH OF ROADWAY FOR SINGLE-LANE AND TWO-LANE ROADS IN PLAIN AND ROLLING TERRAIN

S.No Road ClassificationRoadway width

(meters)

1 National Highways

( Single or two lanes)12.0

2 State Highways


4 Other Dist. Roads – (i) single Lane

(ii) two Lanes

7.5

9.0

3 Major Dist. Roads


5 National Highways

( Single lane)7.5

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WIDTH OF ROADWAY FOR SINGLE-LANE AND TWO-LANE ROADS IN MOUNTAINOUS AND STEEP TERRAIN


(meters)

1 National Highways (i) single lane

(ii) two lanes

6.25

8.80

2 State Highways (i) single lane

(ii) two lanes

6.25

8.80

4 Other Dist. Roads

(Single lane )4.75

3 Major Dist. Roads

( Single lanes)4.75

5 Village Roads

( Single lane)4.0

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DESIGN SPEED

DESIGN SPEED is the basic parameterwhich determines all other geometricfeatures. (Sight distances, Superelevation etc)

Choice of Design Speed depends on

1) Function of road also

2) Terrain condition.Ruling Design Speed :- Guiding criteria for

various geometric features.

Minimum Design Speed :- Adopted wheresite conditions do not permit Ruling design speed.

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DESIGN SPEEDS

S.No Road Classification

Design Speed, km/h

Plain terrain Rolling terrainMountainous terrain

Strrp terrain

Ruling design speed

Minimum design speed

Ruling design speed


Ruling design speed


Ruling design speed


1National

Highways 100 80 80 65 50 50 40 30

2 State Highways 100 80 80 65 50 50 40 30

3 Major Dist. Roads 80 65 65 50 40 30 30 20

4 Other Dist. Roads 65 50 50 40 30 25 25 20

5 Village Roads 50 40 40 35 25 20 25 20

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CROSS SECTIONAL ELEMENT - R0AD LAND (ROW)

Width between Control lines

Width between Building lines

Road land width

ROADWAY CARRIAGEWAY

Road land width is the land acquired for road purpose

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RECOMMENDED LAND WIDTHS FOR DIFFERENT CLASSES OF ROADS (meters)

1Road

Classification

Plain and rolling terrainMountainous and steep

terrain

Open areas Built-up areas Open areasBuilt-up areas

Normal Range Normal Range Normal Range

1 National Highways 45 30-60 30 30-60 24 20

2 State Highways 45 30-60 30 30-60 24 20

3 Major Dist. Roads 25 25-30 20 15-25 18 15

4 Other Dist. Roads 15 15-25 15 15-20 15 12

5 Village Roads 12 12-18 10 10-15 9 9

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CROSS SECTIONAL ELEMENT - BUILDING LINES



Road land width

ROADWAY CARRIAGEWAY

A hypothetical line set back from the road boundary. Building activity is restricted within this boundary in order to preserve space for future widening

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CROSS SECTIONAL ELEMENT – CONTROL LINES



Road land width

ROADWAY CARRIAGEWAY

The set back line in which nature of building activity is controlled.

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RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR BUILDING LINESAND CONTROL LINES

Road classification

Plain and rolling terrainMountainous and steep

terrain

Open areas Built-up areasOpen areas

Built-up areas

Overall width

between Building

Lines

(meters)

Overall width

between Control Lines

(meters)

Distance between Building Line and

road boundary (set-back)

(meters)

Distance between Building Line and road

boundary (set-back)

(meters)

1 2 3 4 5 6

National Highways 80 150 3-6 3-5 3-5

State Highways 80 150 3-6 3-5 3-5

Other District Roads 25/30 35 3-5 3-5 3-5

Village Roads 25 30 3-5 3-5 3-5

Major Dist. Roads 50 100 3-5 3-5 3-5

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OVERALL WIDTH OF CULVERTS ( up to 6.0 m span)IN PLAIN AND ROLLING TERRAIN

( MEASURED FRON OUT-TO-OUT OF PARAPET WALLS)


(meters)

1 National Highways


2 State Highways


4 Other Dist. Roads – (i) single Lane

(ii) two Lanes

7.5

9.0

3 Major Dist. Roads


5 National Highways

( Single lane)7.5

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CLEAR ROADWAY WIDTH OF CULVERTS( up to 6.0 m span)IN MOUNTAINOUS AND STEEP TERRAIN

( MEASURED FROM IN-TO-IN OF PARAPETS)


(meters)

1 National Highways (i) single lane

(ii) two lanes

6.25

8.80

2 State Highways (i) single lane

(ii) two lanes

6.25

8.80

4 Other Dist. Roads

(Single lane )4.75

3 Major Dist. Roads

( Single lanes)4.75

5 Village Roads minimum

desirable

4.0

4.25

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BRIDGES (Length greater than 6.0 m)

S.No Bridge typeClear width of roadway between

Krebs (meters)

1 Single-lane Bridge 4.25

2 Two-lane Bridge 7.50

3 Multi-lane Bridge 3.50 m per lane

+

0.50 m per each carriageway

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BRIDGES (Length greater than 6.0 m)

STANDARD PLANS FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES

R.C.C. SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

published by MOST

Recommends

Carriageway width with footpaths = 7.50 m

Carriageway width without footpaths = 10.90 m

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SHOULDER (BERM) WIDTH

Shoulder width =(Roadway – Carriageway)

--------------------

2

Roadway

Shoulder Carriageway Shoulder

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TAPERING OF ROAD AT TRANSITION

TRANSITION

1 in 15 to 1 in 20

DOUBLE LANE ROAD

SINGLE LANE ROAD

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Median Width

S.No ConditionWidth of median

(meters)

1 On Rural Highways minimum desirable 5.00

2 On Rural Highways at land restrictions 3.00

3 On Long Bridges and viaducts Normal 1.50

4 On Long Bridges and viaducts minimum 1.20

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PAVEMENT CAMBER

1. The rise given to the center of carriageway withreference to its edge to facilitate drainage is calledCamber.

2. It is expressed as ratio of vertical to horizontal

(1 in 33 ) or equivalent percentage (3.0 % = 100*1/33)

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PAVEMENT CAMBER of CROSS FALL

S.No Surface type Camber/ crossfall(high rainfall – low rainfall )

1High type bituminous surfacing

or cement concrete

1.7-2.0 per cent

(1 in 60 to 1 in 50 )

2 Thin Bituminous surfacing 2.0-2.5 per cent

(1 in 50 to 1 in 40 )

3 Water bound macadam, gravel 2.50 – 3.00

(1 in 40 to 1 in 30 )

4 Earth

3.50

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DESIGN TRAFFIC AND CAPACITY

The width of carriageway should be sufficient for thedesign traffic.

Design traffic = traffic expected on the road in thedesign year.

It depends on

Rate of growth of traffic

Design period

Importance of road

Nature of road side development.

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CAPACITY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROADS

S.No Type of roadCapacity

(PCU)

1 Single lane road 3.75 m width carriageway with normal earthen shoulders

1 000

2 Single lane road 3.75 m width carriageway with designed hard shoulders of 1.0 m width

2 500

3 Two lane roads having 7.0 m wide carriageway with normal earthen shoulders

10 000

4 Intermediate lane roads having 5.5 m wide carriageway with normal earthen shoulders

5 000

5 4-lane divided highway with directional split of traffic, access control

20 000 – 30 000

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SUPERELEVATION

Superelevation is the inward tilt oftransverse inclination given to thesection of carriageway on a horizontalcurve to reduce the effect of centrifugalforce on a moving vehicle.

It is expressed as a slop.

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R

mv 2

sinmg

cos*2

R

mv

sin*2

R

mvmg

cosmgcosmg sin*

2

R

mv

cos)sincos(sin22

R

v

R

vgfg s

cosmgsfsinmg sin*2

R

mv cos*2

R

mv

sf

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RADII BEYOND WHICH SUPERELEVATION IS NOT REQUIRED

S.NoDesign speed (km/h)

Radius (meters) for camber of

4 per cent 3 percent 2.5 per cent 2 per cent 1.7 percent

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

20

25

30

35

40

50

65

80

100

50

70

100

140

180

280

470

700

1100

60

90

130

180

240

370

630

950

1500

70

110

160

220

280

450

750

1100

1800

90

140

200

270

350

550

950

1400

2200

100

150

240

320

420

650

1100

1700

2600

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1.sight distance

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References

1. IRC:73-1980, Geometric design standards for rural (non-urban) Highways,

2. IRC:86-1983, Geometric design standards for urban roads in plains,

3. IRC:66-1976, Recommended practice for sight distance on rural highways,

4. IRC:SP:48-1998, Hill road manual,

5. Pocket book for Highway Engineers,

6. Principles and practices of Highway engineering,

_Dr.L.R.Kadiyali & Dr.N.B.Lal.7. Highway Engineering – Khanna & Justo

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

1) NAC- National Academy of Constructions2) Sri F.C.S. Peter, DG, NAC3) Sri S. Jaswant Kumar, C.E.(D&P), R&B Dept.4) Sri M. Anand Kumar, E.E.(R&B), Vikarabad,5) Sri A. B. V. Subba Reddy, NAC, Hyderabad.6) Master V. Sraman,7) YOU All

-- V. VENKATA NARAYANADy. Executive Engineer(R&B),

07799139399, [email protected]

Documents

Classification of Roads in India