Clean and Healthy Behavior to Prevent Diarrhea Diseases

DR. Dr. Bagoes Wijanarko, MPH

Oleh :

Disarikan dari Berbagai Sumber

British cholera epidemics• 1831-1832:

– first modern outbreak in Britain – 23,000 deaths– helped to launch the sanitary reform movement

• 1848-1849:– 250,000 cases and 53,000 deaths– Prompted John Snow (and others) to investigate causes

The Broad Street Pump Outbreak

The London Cholera Epidemic of September 1848 – August 1849

• Based on his clinical experience and review of epidemiologic characteristics of cholera, Snow formulated a theory of causation and transmission of the disease.

The London Cholera Epidemic of September 1848 – August 1849

Causal hypothesisSewage-contaminated drinking water was a causal

agent for the cholera epidemicArguing the Miasma Theory andHe proved his hypothesis

Current situation

• Diarrhea still become health problem• Many factors related, encounter various

sectors

COMMUNITY BEHAVIOR

Unsecured water system

House Environtment

- Diarhea - - typhoid fever - disentri - Helminthiasis- hepatitis A

Oral-Fecal Transmission

Diarrhea disesase related behavior

• Open defecation• Water usage• Others personal hygiene behavior (washing

hand etc)

Factors important to adopt new behavior

• Complexity• Compatibility • Triallibility • Tangibility

PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGE

• People’s health is influenced not just by, or even principally by, the availability of medical treatment but by a range of measures in outside the health sector (Lalonde, 1974)

Determinant factors of unhealthy behavior

• Knowledge• Attitude • Social norms • Skill• Social influence• Enabling factors

HEALTH EDUCATION

• Is any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary adoptions of behavior conducive to health

• The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health

HEALTH PROMOTION

• Any combination of educational, organizational, policy and regulatory support for environmental and behavioral changes conducive to health

OTTAWA CHARTER 1986

* build healthy public policy* create supportive environments* strengthen community action* develop personal skills* reorient health services

Clean & Hygienic Behaviour

• Individual• Family• Community• Public space• School• Market (Tradisional)• Hotel & Restaurant

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Pengertian

“… Tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Perorangan-Kelompok-Masyarakat yg sesuai dengan norma-norma kesehatan untuk memperoleh Derajat Kesehatan yang optimal, menolong dirinya sendiri dan berperan serta aktif dalam Pembangunan Kesehatan…”

INDICATORSRumah Tangga yang memenuhi :• Sembilan (9) indikator PHBS di Rumah Tangga

1. Pertolongan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan2. Bayi diberi ASI saja sejak lahir – 6 bulan3. Mempunyai JPK (Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan)4. Ketersediaan air bersih5. Ketersediaan jamban6. Kesesuaian luas lantai dengan penghuni (9 m2/orang)7. Lantai rumah bukan dari tanah8. Cuci tangan dengan sabun9. Rumah bebas jentik

• Tiga (3) indikator gaya hidup1. Makan buah dan sayur setiap hari2. Melakukan aktifitas fisik setiap hari3. Tidak merokok di dalam rumah

Principle of CHB program

• Healthy Paradigm• Pro active increasing health status• Preventing Community to do Risk factors • Protect people from health hazards• Working together with community

(participatory)• Facilitating community to do healthy behavior

Strategy

• ADVOKASI• SOCIAL SUPPORT• EMPOWERMENT

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STRATEGI, BENTUK & PESAN UTAMA PHBS

STRATEGI :• ADVOKASI• SOCIAL SUPPORT• EMPOWERMENT

BENTUK KEGIATAN

PESAN

UTAMA

1. PEMBERDAYAAN MASY

2. PEMBEDY. KEMITRAAN

3. PENGEMBANGAN SDM & IPTEK

4. PENGEMBANGAN INFRA STRUKTUR, MEDIA & SARANA

TEMA KES = HAM DAN INVESTASI.

FOKUS Ketahan Keluarga, Kepedulian Terhadap

Lingkungan.

Prioritas Aktivitas Fisik/Olahraga, Diet/Gizi Seimbang, No Smoking

dll

Advocation

Working with community

Building the social support

Working with community

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PHBS TATANAN RUMAH TANGGA

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Pengertian

“....Upaya untuk memberdayakan anggota RT agar tahu, mau, dan mampu mempraktikkan

perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat serta berperan aktif dalam gerakan kesehatan di

masyarakat ....”

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Sasaran

1. PUS2. Ibu Hamil & Ibu Menyusui3. Anak & Remaja4. Usila5. Pengasuh Anak

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Indikator PHBS Tatanan RT1. Pertolongan Persalinan o/ Nakes2. Bayi diberi ASI Eksklusif3. Mempunyai JPKM4. Ketersediaan Air Bersih5. Ketersediaan Jamban Sehat6. Kesesuaian Luas lantai dgn Jumlah Penghuni7. Lantai Rumah bukan Tanah8. Tidak Merokok di dalam Rumah9. Melakukan Aktifitas Fisik Setiap Hari10. Makan Buah dan Sayur Setiap Hari

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Pola Pembinaan PHBSpd Tatanan Rumah Tangga

1. TAHAP PERSIAPAN :A. Sosialisasi & Advocacy KesehatanB. Persiapan SaranaC. Persiapan AdministrasiD. Persiapan Pelaksana

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Pola Pembinaan PHBSpd Tatanan Rumah Tangga

2. TAHAP PENGKAJIAN :A. Pengkajian Masalah Penyakit ( 10 Penyakit terbesar)B. Pengkajian Sumber DayaC. Pemetaan WilayahD. Pengakajian Sumber Daya

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Pola Pembinaan PHBSpd Tatanan Rumah Tangga

3. TAHAP PERENCANAAN :A. Menentukan PrioritasB. Menentukan TujuanC. Menentukan Jenis Kegiatan/IntervensiD. Jadwal Kegiatan

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Pola Pembinaan PHBSpd Tatanan Rumah Tangga

4. TAHAP PENGGERAKKAN / PELAKSANAAN :A. Advocacy B. Social SupportC. Empowerment

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Pola Pembinaan PHBSpd Tatanan Rumah Tangga

5. TAHAP PEMANTAUAN & EVALUASI :A. PemantauanB. Evaluasi

TERIMA KASIH

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