SalatSalatas performed by various Madh’habsas performed by various Madh’habs

A.S. Hashim, MDA.S. Hashim, MD1.      Al‑Saadiq and the Four Madh'habs, Asad Haidar.

2.      Fiqh Al-Sunnah, Syed Saabiq.

3.      Fiqh Imam Ja'far Al-Saadiq, Muhammad J. Maghniya.

4.      Fiqh according to the five Madh'habs, Muhammad J. Maghniya.

Sources of ReferenceSources of Reference

Al‑Saadiq and the Four Madh'habs, Asad Al‑Saadiq and the Four Madh'habs, Asad Haidar.Haidar.

Fiqh Al-Sunnah, Syed Saabiq.Fiqh Al-Sunnah, Syed Saabiq.

Fiqh Imam Ja'far Al-Saadiq, Muhammad Fiqh Imam Ja'far Al-Saadiq, Muhammad J. Maghniya.J. Maghniya.

Fiqh according to the five Madh'habs, Fiqh according to the five Madh'habs, Muhammad J. Maghniya.Muhammad J. Maghniya.

Statistics Statistics

As of 1995, of the five billions of the total world's population the As of 1995, of the five billions of the total world's population the Muslims constitute 1,236,000,000.  Statistically speaking, of this Muslims constitute 1,236,000,000.  Statistically speaking, of this world population, one billion and 236 million are Muslims:world population, one billion and 236 million are Muslims:

The Shi'a The Shi'a (Imamiyah)(Imamiyah) ............. 282,000,000 (282 million), ............. 282,000,000 (282 million),The Sunni:The Sunni:

Hanafi:......................................... 380,000,000 (380 million),Hanafi:......................................... 380,000,000 (380 million),Maaliki:........................................ 305,000,000 (305 million),Maaliki:........................................ 305,000,000 (305 million),Shafi'i:......................................... 190,000,000 (190 million),Shafi'i:......................................... 190,000,000 (190 million),HanbaliHanbali:........................................... :........................................... 52,000,000 (52 Million)52,000,000 (52 Million)

Others:  27,000,000 (27 million):Others:  27,000,000 (27 million):    These include Ahmadiya, Baha'is, Kharijis, Ismailis, Zaidis, Druzes, etc.These include Ahmadiya, Baha'is, Kharijis, Ismailis, Zaidis, Druzes, etc. (by Youssef M’roueh, at Assembly of Ahlul Bayt: held at IEC 1996)(by Youssef M’roueh, at Assembly of Ahlul Bayt: held at IEC 1996)

Ah'kaam Ah'kaam احكاماحكام (rules) about the Salat(rules) about the Salat

Each Madh'hab goes by specific Ah'kaam (rules) Each Madh'hab goes by specific Ah'kaam (rules) about the Salat according to its about the Salat according to its احكاماحكامinterpretation of the Shari'ah and Sunnah.  interpretation of the Shari'ah and Sunnah.  These Ah'kaam (rules) will only be briefly These Ah'kaam (rules) will only be briefly discussed, since the details can be voluminous.discussed, since the details can be voluminous.  To clarify the matter, the subject of Salat has to To clarify the matter, the subject of Salat has to be divided into 3 categories:be divided into 3 categories:

1.     Salat preliminaries (Wudu, Athan, etc.), 1.     Salat preliminaries (Wudu, Athan, etc.), 2.     The Salat itself, and 2.     The Salat itself, and 3.     Invalidators of Salat. 3.     Invalidators of Salat. 

FIQH:  FIQH:  الفـقهالفـقه

The Fiqh is the summation of the rules and regulations formulated by the leader of the Madh'hab according to certain methodology (format) formulated by that Madh'hab. Each of the Shi'a and the Sunni schools has its Each of the Shi'a and the Sunni schools has its particular Fiqh. particular Fiqh. Therefore, the rules of one Madh'hab may differ in subtle or not so subtle ways from other Madh'habs.   

A Hanafi may differ from a Shafi'i and Hanbali, a A Hanafi may differ from a Shafi'i and Hanbali, a Maaliki may differ from Hanafi or Shafi'i or Shi'a.Maaliki may differ from Hanafi or Shafi'i or Shi'a.

WUDU: الوضوء

POINTS FOR DISCUSSION

1. The Face:

2. The Forearms:

3. The Head:

4. The Feet:

WUDU: 1. The FaceWUDU: 1. The Face

The Shi'a: Wash the face with the right hand The Shi'a: Wash the face with the right hand from upper forehead to the chin, with the span of from upper forehead to the chin, with the span of the hand as the outer limit. the hand as the outer limit. Because of disagreement of what defines face, Because of disagreement of what defines face, the following have different approach:the following have different approach:

Hanafi:Hanafi:     From upper forehead to and including the      From upper forehead to and including the chin, and from ear to ear including the chin, and from ear to ear including the ear lobe.ear lobe.Maaliki:Maaliki:    From upper forehead to and including the     From upper forehead to and including the chin, chin, not includingnot including the skin in front of the ear. the skin in front of the ear.Shafi'i:Shafi'i:     From upper forehead to and including the      From upper forehead to and including the chin chin under the chin areaunder the chin area, and from ear to ear., and from ear to ear.Hanbali:Hanbali:   From upper forehead to and including the    From upper forehead to and including the chin, and ear to ear.chin, and ear to ear.

WUDU: 2. The ForearmsWUDU: 2. The Forearms

The Shi'a: The Shi'a: Wash the right arm (including the Wash the right arm (including the hand) from the elbow down (including hand) with hand) from the elbow down (including hand) with the left hand;  then likewise wash the left arm the left hand;  then likewise wash the left arm from the elbow down with the right hand. from the elbow down with the right hand.

The Sunni:The Sunni:     Wash the right arm (including the      Wash the right arm (including the hand) up to the elbow with the left hand;  then hand) up to the elbow with the left hand;  then wash the left arm (including the hand) up to the wash the left arm (including the hand) up to the elbow with the right hand. elbow with the right hand.

WUDU: 3. The HeadWUDU: 3. The Head

The Shi'a wipe the front of the head with the wet four The Shi'a wipe the front of the head with the wet four fingers from the center of the head to the front.  fingers from the center of the head to the front.  But because of disagreement of what defines surface But because of disagreement of what defines surface area of the head, the Fiqh of the Sunni concluded as area of the head, the Fiqh of the Sunni concluded as followsfollows::

Hanafi: Hanafi: With new water, to wipe a quarter of the head (others With new water, to wipe a quarter of the head (others say a third of the head).say a third of the head).Maaliki:Maaliki: With new water, to wipe the whole head (others say a  With new water, to wipe the whole head (others say a third or two thirds of the head), without the ears.third or two thirds of the head), without the ears.Shafi'i: Shafi'i: Similar to the Shi'a, but with new water.Similar to the Shi'a, but with new water.Hanbali:Hanbali: With new water, to wipe the whole head including the  With new water, to wipe the whole head including the ears.ears.

WUDU: 4. The feetWUDU: 4. The feet

In interpreting the Ayah of Wudu (in Surah Al-In interpreting the Ayah of Wudu (in Surah Al-Maa'ida):Maa'ida):

The Shi'aThe Shi'a wipe the dorsal part of the feet up to the cubicle (height of foot), with the wet corresponding hand, first the right then the left.    

The Sunni:The Sunni: The Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and The Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and HanbaliHanbali: :

Wash the whole foot, up to the ankle.  Wash the whole foot, up to the ankle. 

Some do it once, others twice or even three times.Some do it once, others twice or even three times.

WUDU: Other Procedures

Variable rulings depending on the Madh’hab:

1. Covered Feet:

2. Gargling and/or Mouth-rinsing: 

3. Sniffing: 

4. Ears:

5. Neck (Tat'weeq):

WUDU: Covered FeetWUDU: Covered Feet

The Shi'a:The Shi'a: prohibit wiping over the dorsal part of prohibit wiping over the dorsal part of the covered feet, whether covered with socks of the covered feet, whether covered with socks of any kind, or light shoes.  any kind, or light shoes.  The Sunni:The Sunni:

The Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and HanbaliThe Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali do allow do allow wiping over socks or light shoes, however, the rules in wiping over socks or light shoes, however, the rules in this regard are divergent.  this regard are divergent.  Also to thus wipe only when traveling for a period of 3 Also to thus wipe only when traveling for a period of 3 days without taking off the cover of the feet, or being days without taking off the cover of the feet, or being at home for a period (usually one day) and doing so, at home for a period (usually one day) and doing so, led to many arguments. led to many arguments.

WUDU: HandsWUDU: Hands

It is preferable (Mus’tahab) to wash the It is preferable (Mus’tahab) to wash the hands before Wudu, not only with the Shi'a hands before Wudu, not only with the Shi'a but also with the Sunni.  but also with the Sunni. 

The differences were about the number of The differences were about the number of times the hands are to be washed.  times the hands are to be washed. 

The The HanbaliHanbali differed from others in differed from others in regarding washing the hands before Wudu regarding washing the hands before Wudu as a Must (Wajib). as a Must (Wajib).

WUDU: Gargling and/or Mouth-rinsingWUDU: Gargling and/or Mouth-rinsing  

It is preferable (Mus’tahab) to gargle and/or to It is preferable (Mus’tahab) to gargle and/or to rinse the mouth before Wudu, not only with the rinse the mouth before Wudu, not only with the Shi'a but also with the Sunni.  Shi'a but also with the Sunni. 

The differences were about the number of times The differences were about the number of times gargling and/or rinsing are to take place.  gargling and/or rinsing are to take place. 

The The HanbaliHanbali differed from others in that they differed from others in that they regard gargling and/or rinsing the mouth before regard gargling and/or rinsing the mouth before Wudu as a Must (Wajib). Wudu as a Must (Wajib).

WUDU: SniffingWUDU: Sniffing

It is preferable (Mus’tahab) to clean the It is preferable (Mus’tahab) to clean the nose by sniffing then blowing it, before nose by sniffing then blowing it, before Wudu, not only with the Shi'a but also with Wudu, not only with the Shi'a but also with the Sunni.  the Sunni. 

The differences are about the number of The differences are about the number of times to do the procedure and the times to do the procedure and the technique of doing it. technique of doing it.

WUDU: EarsWUDU: Ears

Shi'aShi'a prohibit including the ears in the Wudu, prohibit including the ears in the Wudu, Sunni differ whether the ears are part of the head and Sunni differ whether the ears are part of the head and therefore are to be cleaned, and if so how to be cleaned, therefore are to be cleaned, and if so how to be cleaned, and whether this is Mus'tahab (preferable) or not:and whether this is Mus'tahab (preferable) or not:Hanafi: Hanafi: Wiping the ears as Wiping the ears as SunnahSunnah, to be done along , to be done along with wiping the head.with wiping the head.Maaliki: Maaliki: Wiping the ears as part of the head as Wiping the ears as part of the head as preferable (Mus’tahab).preferable (Mus’tahab).Shafi'i:Shafi'i: Wiping the ears with new water as  Wiping the ears with new water as SunnahSunnah..Hanbali:Hanbali: Wiping the ears as  Wiping the ears as a Must (Wajib),a Must (Wajib), to be done to be done along with wiping the head.along with wiping the head.

WUDU: Neck (Tat'weeq)WUDU: Neck (Tat'weeq)

Shi'aShi'a prohibit including the neck in the prohibit including the neck in the Wudu, Wudu,

Sunni Sunni differed whether to include it and differed whether to include it and whether this is Mus'tahab (preferable) or whether this is Mus'tahab (preferable) or as a sign of reverence, or even Mak'rooh as a sign of reverence, or even Mak'rooh to do so.  to do so. 

However, some of the Hanafi and Shafi'i However, some of the Hanafi and Shafi'i seem to allow it.seem to allow it.

ATHAN: األذان

Shi’a:Ash'hadu Anna Aliyyan Waliyu-llaah(I declare that Ali is the Devotee of Allah) (This is Mus’tahab (preferable)

Hayya Ala Khayr Al-amal (Hasten for the best of deeds)

Laa Ilaaha Illa Allah (There is no Deity except Allah) said twice

Sunni: Al-salatu Khayrun Mina Nawm (Salat is better than sleep)

AthanAthan األذاناألذان

Shi'a, Hanafi, Maaliki, and Shafi'i say Athan is a SunnahShi'a, Hanafi, Maaliki, and Shafi'i say Athan is a Sunnahسنهسنه      , near , near Wajib (a Must).  Al-Hanbali regards Athan as Fardh (a must) Wajib (a Must).  Al-Hanbali regards Athan as Fardh (a must) Takbiraat: Takbiraat:    التـكبـيـراتالتـكبـيـرات      All say Takbiraat 4 times except the All say Takbiraat 4 times except the Maaliki who say it Maaliki who say it 2 times.2 times.  Wali:Wali: وليولي        As an option (Mus’tahab) the Shi'a say Ali is the As an option (Mus’tahab) the Shi'a say Ali is the devotee of Allah twice.  None of the Sunni Madh'habs say it.  devotee of Allah twice.  None of the Sunni Madh'habs say it.  Hayya Ala Khayr Al-AmalHayya Ala Khayr Al-Amal:  :        العـمـل خـيـر على العـمـل حي خـيـر على It is a must It is a mustحي(Wajib) for the Shi'a, since this was said by the Prophet (pbuh), Abu (Wajib) for the Shi'a, since this was said by the Prophet (pbuh), Abu Bakr, and early days of Omar's Khilaafah, as well as continued by Bakr, and early days of Omar's Khilaafah, as well as continued by Ibn Omar, Ali ibn Al-Husain, Zayd ibn Arqam, Imam Ali and Ibn Omar, Ali ibn Al-Husain, Zayd ibn Arqam, Imam Ali and numerous others all through.  numerous others all through. 

None of the Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, or Hanbali says it. None of the Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, or Hanbali says it. Al-Salat Khayrun mina Al-NawmAl-Salat Khayrun mina Al-Nawm:  The Shi'a  do not say it in their :  The Shi'a  do not say it in their Athan or Iqaama.  But the Sunni say it twice in their Athan or Athan or Iqaama.  But the Sunni say it twice in their Athan or Iqaama for the Salat of the morning .Iqaama for the Salat of the morning .

SALAT ITSELF

 SUBJECTS TO BE DISCUSSED:

1. Takbir,

2. (Wuqoof). Arms' Position

3. (Bas'malah): Bismillah Al‑Rahman Al-Rahim. 

4. Amen

5. Complete Surah After Al‑Fatiha:

6. Variation in the Third & Forth Rak'a

7. Rukoo

8. Sujood

9. Qunoot

10. Juloos (forefinger)

11. Juloos (feet Position)

12. Tashah'hud

13. Tasleem

SALAT: Takbir Iftitah:  SALAT: Takbir Iftitah:  التكبـيرالتكبـير

To say To say Allaahu AkbarAllaahu Akbar after the intention after the intention to pray is Wajib (a Must) with the to pray is Wajib (a Must) with the Shi'a, Shi'a, Maaliki, and Hanbali.Maaliki, and Hanbali.

HanafiHanafi may say any of the wordings of may say any of the wordings of Al-Al-Asmaa Al-Husna,Asmaa Al-Husna,

yet Abu Yusuf  of the Hanafi Madh’hab prefers yet Abu Yusuf  of the Hanafi Madh’hab prefers the Shi'a ruling.the Shi'a ruling.

Shafi'iShafi'i may say may say Allah Allah AlAl-Akbar.-Akbar. (they have (they have added Al, meaning the).added Al, meaning the).

SALAT: Takattuf SALAT: Takattuf التـكـتــــــفالتـكـتــــــف         

The Shi'a, along with the Maaliki do not fold their arms The Shi'a, along with the Maaliki do not fold their arms while in Wuqoof (No Takattuf while in Wuqoof (No Takattuf التـكـتــــــفالتـكـتــــــف), though it is ), though it is allowed if believed as an option of reverence on the part of allowed if believed as an option of reverence on the part of the person praying.  the person praying. 

It is said that folding the arms was started after the Prophet (pbuh).It is said that folding the arms was started after the Prophet (pbuh).

Hanafi, Shafi'i, and Hanbali:Hanafi, Shafi'i, and Hanbali:  Regard folding the arms as   Regard folding the arms as preferable (Mus’tahab) as a sign of reverence, therefore, preferable (Mus’tahab) as a sign of reverence, therefore, they subscribe to folding the arms during Wuqoof, they subscribe to folding the arms during Wuqoof,

however they differ in the manner the right arm is put on the left, however they differ in the manner the right arm is put on the left, whether on lower chest or its upper, in a female different from a whether on lower chest or its upper, in a female different from a male.male.

MaalikiMaaliki regards folding the arms, if done, as allowed, but regards folding the arms, if done, as allowed, but not a Sunnah.not a Sunnah.

SALAT: Bas'malah:    SALAT: Bas'malah:    البسـمـلهالبسـمـله

Shi'a Shi'a start the Surahs by saying Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-start the Surahs by saying Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim (Bas'malah), as part of the Surah, Rahim (Bas'malah), as part of the Surah,

they are to say it loud enough to be heard.  they are to say it loud enough to be heard.  The Prophet (pbuh) used to start Al-Fatiha with Bas'malah but The Prophet (pbuh) used to start Al-Fatiha with Bas'malah but Mu'awiya was the means in deleting it.Mu'awiya was the means in deleting it.

Hanafi, and Maaliki: Hanafi, and Maaliki:  They regard Bas'malah as not part They regard Bas'malah as not part of Surah Fatiha, so they read Surah Al-Fatiha without it, of Surah Fatiha, so they read Surah Al-Fatiha without it, though they have the option to say it. though they have the option to say it. 

However, they say Bas'malah with the subsequent Surahs.  However, they say Bas'malah with the subsequent Surahs.  Also, the Hanafi and Hanbali can read it without being heard.  Also, the Hanafi and Hanbali can read it without being heard.  Maaliki would not read at all.Maaliki would not read at all.

Shafi'i and Hanbali:Shafi'i and Hanbali: Regard Bas'malah as part and Regard Bas'malah as part and parcel of Al-Fatiha, and has to be said loudly.parcel of Al-Fatiha, and has to be said loudly.

SALAT: AmeenSALAT: Ameen  آمـيـنآمـيـن              

Shi'aShi'a Fiqh prohibits saying Ameen during Salat, Fiqh prohibits saying Ameen during Salat, because Ameen is a Hebrew word.  because Ameen is a Hebrew word. 

Instead of Ameen, the Shi'a say Al-Hamdu Lillaah.Instead of Ameen, the Shi'a say Al-Hamdu Lillaah.However they can say “Ameen” when not in Salat.  However they can say “Ameen” when not in Salat. 

Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali:Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali:  As   As Mus’tahab (preferable) they say Ameen after Mus’tahab (preferable) they say Ameen after reading of the Fatiha during Salat.  reading of the Fatiha during Salat. 

They follow Abu Humaira narration to utter “Ameen” They follow Abu Humaira narration to utter “Ameen” after Al-Fatiha, after Al-Fatiha, but the Shi'a claim that that specific narration was not but the Shi'a claim that that specific narration was not crediblecredible

SALAT: Complete Surah:SALAT: Complete Surah:     سـوره  سـوره   كامـلهكامـله

Shi'a Shi'a a complete (not partial) Surah has to a complete (not partial) Surah has to be said following Al-Fatiha during Salat, be said following Al-Fatiha during Salat, and without this rule the Salat is and without this rule the Salat is invalidated.  invalidated. 

Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali:Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali: are  are divided about this point, for instance, divided about this point, for instance,

with the Hanafi portion of a Surah is sufficient, with the Hanafi portion of a Surah is sufficient, even one Ayah. even one Ayah.

SALAT: Qunoot:       SALAT: Qunoot:       القـنـوتالقـنـوت

Shi'a Shi'a Qunoot is highly recommended after the Qunoot is highly recommended after the second Rak’a.second Rak’a.

Qunoot is saying a Du'aa, usually a passage from the Qunoot is saying a Du'aa, usually a passage from the Holy Quran. Holy Quran. 

Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali:Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali: Qunoot is Qunoot is not practiced regularly during regular Salat.  not practiced regularly during regular Salat. 

It was Mu'awiya who stopped it.  It was Mu'awiya who stopped it.  As it evolved, Qunoot is now said during Subh Salat As it evolved, Qunoot is now said during Subh Salat (morning prayer) by the Maaliki and Shafi'i.  (morning prayer) by the Maaliki and Shafi'i.  As to the Hanafi and Hanbali, they say Qunoot during As to the Hanafi and Hanbali, they say Qunoot during Witr Salat in various manners. Witr Salat in various manners.

SALAT: Forefinger:    SALAT: Forefinger:    اصـبع اصـبعالسـبابـهالسـبابـه

Shi'aShi'a do not point with the forefinger while do not point with the forefinger while in Tashah'hud.  in Tashah'hud. 

The Hanafi and Shafi'iThe Hanafi and Shafi'i do point with the do point with the forefinger while in Tashah’hud and even forefinger while in Tashah’hud and even move it in a circular manner, move it in a circular manner,

It is regarded as a preferable (Mus'tahab) It is regarded as a preferable (Mus'tahab) procedure. procedure.

SALAT: Toe:  SALAT: Toe:     القدم القدم اصـبع اصـبع

Shi'aShi'a are to sit comfortably on the folded are to sit comfortably on the folded feet during Tashah'hud, feet during Tashah'hud,

The Hanafi The Hanafi sit on a slightly twisted left foot sit on a slightly twisted left foot while the big toe of the right foot is while the big toe of the right foot is touching the floor. touching the floor.

SALAT: Tashah'hud:  SALAT: Tashah'hud:  التـشــهـدالتـشــهـد

Shi'aShi'a follow the version of Tashah'hud as taught follow the version of Tashah'hud as taught by Ahlul Bayt quoting the Prophet (pbuh).by Ahlul Bayt quoting the Prophet (pbuh).

HanafiHanafi follow the Tashah'hud taught by Ibn follow the Tashah'hud taught by Ibn Mas'ood, quoting the Prophet (pbuh).Mas'ood, quoting the Prophet (pbuh).

MaalikiMaaliki follow the Tashah'hud taught by Ibn follow the Tashah'hud taught by Ibn Omar, quoting the Prophet (pbuh).Omar, quoting the Prophet (pbuh).

Shafi'i and HanbaliShafi'i and Hanbali follow the Tashah'hud taught follow the Tashah'hud taught by Ibn Abbas, quoting the Prophet (pbuh).by Ibn Abbas, quoting the Prophet (pbuh).

SALAT: Tasleem:  SALAT: Tasleem:  التـسـلـيـمالتـسـلـيـم       

Shi'aShi'a follow the version of Tasleem as taught by follow the version of Tasleem as taught by Ahlul Bayt quoting the Prophet (pbuh).  Ahlul Bayt quoting the Prophet (pbuh). 

Tasleem is a Must (Wajib).  Tasleem is a Must (Wajib). 

Hanafi, Shafi'i, and HanbaliHanafi, Shafi'i, and Hanbali do Tasleem in do Tasleem in various forms as appears in Sahih Bukhari and various forms as appears in Sahih Bukhari and Muslim.  Muslim. 

Tasleem is regarded as Wajib (a Must) by the Maaliki, Tasleem is regarded as Wajib (a Must) by the Maaliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali; Shafi'i and Hanbali;

Tasleem is regarded as Sunnah by the Hanafi. Tasleem is regarded as Sunnah by the Hanafi.

OTHER SALATS TO BE DISCUSSED

1. Salat Al-Janaaza:   الجنـازه صـــاله

2. Salat Al-Jumu'ah:    الجـمعه صــاله

3. Salat Al-Eid:   العـيـد صـاله

4. Salat of Nafal (Sunnah):  صـاله او نافله صـاله   ألسـنه

Salat Al-JanaazaSalat Al-Janaaza:   :   صـاله صـاله الجنازهالجنازه

Shi'aShi'a say 5 Takbiraat with Al-Fatiha say 5 Takbiraat with Al-Fatiha notnot as as a Must (not Wajib), a Must (not Wajib),

Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali:Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali:differed whether Fatiha is a Must (Wajib) or differed whether Fatiha is a Must (Wajib) or not.  not. 

The Sunni Madh'habs say 4 Takbiraats, with The Sunni Madh'habs say 4 Takbiraats, with Hanafi and Maaliki not requiring Al-Fatiha as a Hanafi and Maaliki not requiring Al-Fatiha as a Must; while the Shafi'i and Hanbali claim Al-Must; while the Shafi'i and Hanbali claim Al-Fatiha as a Must reading. Fatiha as a Must reading.

Salat Al-Jumu'ahSalat Al-Jumu'ah:    :    صاله صاله الجمعهالجمعه

Shi'aShi'a do Qunoot (Du'aa) do Qunoot (Du'aa) before Rukoo in the first Rak'a and before Rukoo in the first Rak'a and

optionally a Qunoot after Rukoo in the second Rak'a.  optionally a Qunoot after Rukoo in the second Rak'a. 

The minimum number of attendants is to be 5.  The minimum number of attendants is to be 5. 

Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali:Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali: do not do not perform Qunoot during Salat al-Jumu’ah, perform Qunoot during Salat al-Jumu’ah,

and minimum number of attendants with Hanafi is 5 and minimum number of attendants with Hanafi is 5 (others say 7), Maaliki 12, Shafi'i and Hanbali 40. (others say 7), Maaliki 12, Shafi'i and Hanbali 40.

Salat Al-Eid:   Salat Al-Eid:   العـيد العـيد صـاله     صـاله

Shi'aShi'a along with along with Shafi'iShafi'i can perform Salat can perform Salat Eid individually as well as in congregation,Eid individually as well as in congregation,

Hanafi, Maaliki, and HanbaliHanafi, Maaliki, and Hanbali it has to be it has to be only in congregation.  only in congregation. 

The Shi'a do Qunoot with a poetic Du'aa after The Shi'a do Qunoot with a poetic Du'aa after each of 5 Takbirs in the first Rak'a, and 4 each of 5 Takbirs in the first Rak'a, and 4 Takbirs of the 2nd Rak'a.  Takbirs of the 2nd Rak'a. 

Other Madh'habs have various number of Other Madh'habs have various number of Takbiraat without Qunoot. Takbiraat without Qunoot.

Salat of Nafal (Sunnah):Salat of Nafal (Sunnah):   او نافله او صاله نافله صالهألسنه ألسنه صـاله صـاله

Salat of Nafal (Sunnah): Specific number Salat of Nafal (Sunnah): Specific number of Rak’as and the order of Rak’as before of Rak’as and the order of Rak’as before or after the obligatory Salat of the Shi’a as or after the obligatory Salat of the Shi’a as well as the Sunni Madh'habs.well as the Sunni Madh'habs.

Other Salats: For other Salats such as Other Salats: For other Salats such as Salat for earthquake, Kusoof and Khusoof, Salat for earthquake, Kusoof and Khusoof, the details are more than this chapter is the details are more than this chapter is intended for.intended for.

SALAT PARAMETERS

1. Timing

2. Sujood Requirements

3. Place Requirements

4. Men's Clothing Requirements

5. Women's Clothing Requirements

Time of Salat:    Time of Salat:    الصاله الصاله أوقات أوقات

Shi'aShi'a allows praying Dhuhr Salat to be followed by Asr, allows praying Dhuhr Salat to be followed by Asr, (in this order), from Zawal (mid-day) till before sun-set.  (in this order), from Zawal (mid-day) till before sun-set. 

It also allows praying Maghrib Salat to be followed by Ishaa', (in It also allows praying Maghrib Salat to be followed by Ishaa', (in this order), from after sun-set Ghuroob) till mid-night.  this order), from after sun-set Ghuroob) till mid-night.  Since this makes it convenient for them, with less chance of Since this makes it convenient for them, with less chance of missing Salats and less interruption of work, many Shi'a choose missing Salats and less interruption of work, many Shi'a choose this option though it is less meritorious than performing Salat this option though it is less meritorious than performing Salat strictly on the appointed times.  strictly on the appointed times.  They refer to many Traditions of the Prophet (pbuh) whereby the They refer to many Traditions of the Prophet (pbuh) whereby the Prophet (pbuh) prayed Dhuhr followed by Asr (and Maghrib Prophet (pbuh) prayed Dhuhr followed by Asr (and Maghrib followed by Ishaa') at times of no travel, fear, or rain.followed by Ishaa') at times of no travel, fear, or rain.

Hanafi:Hanafi: Perform Salat at specified time, but differed  Perform Salat at specified time, but differed about defining those times.about defining those times.Maaliki, and HanbaliMaaliki, and Hanbali make available two options, one of make available two options, one of choicechoice and one of and one of necessitynecessity.  .  Shafi'iShafi'i do likewise but with other specifications do likewise but with other specifications

Sujood Medium:  Sujood Medium:     موضع موضعالسجودالسجود

Shi'aShi'a emphasize putting the forehead on pure emphasize putting the forehead on pure earth, paper, non edibles or non wearable.  earth, paper, non edibles or non wearable. 

No Sujood can be done on fabric, rugs, metal, etc.  No Sujood can be done on fabric, rugs, metal, etc.  Most Shi'a do Sujood on Turbah  Most Shi'a do Sujood on Turbah  تـربــــهتـربــــه     (A clay (A clay kept clean for Sujood, and no one is allowed to trample kept clean for Sujood, and no one is allowed to trample on it or make it dirty, otherwise it is to be replaced.  on it or make it dirty, otherwise it is to be replaced.  Also, while in Sujood, the Shi'a exclude the tip of the Also, while in Sujood, the Shi'a exclude the tip of the nose to touch the ground.nose to touch the ground.

Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and HanbaliHanafi, Maaliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali allow Sujood allow Sujood on variable media, including rugs, cloths, metal, on variable media, including rugs, cloths, metal, and earth.  and earth. 

Some require the tip of the nose to touch the ground Some require the tip of the nose to touch the ground as part of Sujood, along with some specifics about thatas part of Sujood, along with some specifics about that

Cover (Ow'ra)Cover (Ow'ra)    العـورهالعـوره  

Ow'raOw'ra is the part of the body to be covered, is the part of the body to be covered, especially during Salat.  especially during Salat.  For men the Shi'aFor men the Shi'a subscribe to covering the subscribe to covering the pelvic part, better still from the umbilicus to the pelvic part, better still from the umbilicus to the knees (covering them).  knees (covering them).  The Sunni Madh'habsThe Sunni Madh'habs have minor variations have minor variations from the Shi'a.  from the Shi'a.  As to womenAs to women, they should cover everything , they should cover everything except the face, hands, and the feet. except the face, hands, and the feet.  Some Sunnis include the feet as Ow'ra.Some Sunnis include the feet as Ow'ra.

  SALAT INVALIDATORS SALAT INVALIDATORS

DischargesDischarges (Going to the bathroom (urinating, (Going to the bathroom (urinating, having a bowel movement, passing gas). having a bowel movement, passing gas). Other DischargesOther Discharges (The flow of blood or pus from (The flow of blood or pus from any part of the body, including the monthly any part of the body, including the monthly periods of the female and the sexual discharge periods of the female and the sexual discharge of the male.)of the male.)VomitingVomiting Falling asleepFalling asleep. . ConsciousnessConsciousness: Losing one's reason whatever : Losing one's reason whatever the cause. the cause.

Invalidators during Salat: (Shi'a): Invalidators during Salat: (Shi'a):

Turning:Turning: To turn left, right or to the back while in  To turn left, right or to the back while in Salat will invalidate the Salat.Salat will invalidate the Salat.Talking: Talking: No talking, even to utter two letters No talking, even to utter two letters (other than the Salat itself).(other than the Salat itself).Laughing: Laughing: No laughing, whether loud or not loud.No laughing, whether loud or not loud.Crying: Crying: Any form of crying is unacceptable Any form of crying is unacceptable except crying out of Awe to the Almighty.except crying out of Awe to the Almighty.Eating:Eating: No eating or drinking while in Salat. No eating or drinking while in Salat.Walking:Walking: No walking during Salat. No walking during Salat.

Invalidators during Salat: (Sunni) Invalidators during Salat: (Sunni)

In addition to the invalidators specified by In addition to the invalidators specified by the Shi'a, the Shi'a, the Sunni add:the Sunni add:

HanafiHanafi add clearing the throat, whining, add clearing the throat, whining, reading of the Mus'haf or performing Sujood reading of the Mus'haf or performing Sujood on unclean spot, among other things.on unclean spot, among other things.MaalikiMaaliki add “not-saying the intention”, add “not-saying the intention”, blowing, or making noise among other points.blowing, or making noise among other points.Shafi'i and HanbaliShafi'i and Hanbali add whining if two letters add whining if two letters are recognized in it, in addition to many other are recognized in it, in addition to many other complex conditions.complex conditions.

على على يصلون ? ? How comeHow come النبيالنبي يصلون

ومالئكته الله ومالئكته ان الله على ان على يصلون النبيالنبي يصلون

تسليما وسلموا عليه صلوا امنوا الذين ايها تسليما يا وسلموا عليه صلوا امنوا الذين ايها يا

Meaning of: Meaning of: على على يصلون :Bless:Bless يصلون

على يصلون ومالئكته الله على ان يصلون ومالئكته الله النبي النبي انتسليما وسلموا عليه صلوا امنوا الذين ايها تسليما يا وسلموا عليه صلوا امنوا الذين ايها يا

Allah sends His blessings on the Holy Prophet.Allah sends His blessings on the Holy Prophet.The angels invoke Allah to send His blessings on him. The angels invoke Allah to send His blessings on him. The believers are also commanded to invoke Allah to The believers are also commanded to invoke Allah to send His blessings on him. send His blessings on him.

The Muslims asked the Holy Prophet: "How are The Muslims asked the Holy Prophet: "How are we to seek blessings on you?" He said: "Say: 'O we to seek blessings on you?" He said: "Say: 'O Allah, send blessings on Muhammad and on the Allah, send blessings on Muhammad and on the AalAal (progeny) of Muhammad." (progeny) of Muhammad."

Finally we quote the Quran:Finally we quote the Quran:

In the Name of God, the Merciful, the In the Name of God, the Merciful, the CompassionateCompassionate

By the Token of Time By the Token of Time

Verily Man is in loss,Verily Man is in loss,

Except those who believe Except those who believe and do good works, and and do good works, and exhort one another to Truth exhort one another to Truth and exhort one another to and exhort one another to patience.patience.

ح'من& الَّر) الله& & ِم &س' ح'من& ِب الَّر) الله& & ِم &س' ِب

& ح&يِم &الَّر) ح&يِم الَّر)

'َع,ص'َّر& 'َع,ص'َّر&و,ال و,ال

& ا &ن) & ِإ ا &ن) ,ِف&ي الالِإ ل ان, ,ِف&ي نس, ل ان, نس,َّر2 َّر2 ُخ3س' ُخ3س'

& &ِإ 3وا الالِإ آم,ن )ذ&ين, 3وا ال آم,ن )ذ&ين, ال&َح,اِت& الص)ال 3وا &َح,اِت& و,ع,م&ل الص)ال 3وا و,ع,م&ل

'َح,ِّق8 &ال ِب ,و,اص,و'ا 'َح,ِّق8 و,ت &ال ِب ,و,اص,و'ا و,ت'َّر& &الص)ب ِب ,و,اص,و'ا 'َّر& و,ت &الص)ب ِب ,و,اص,و'ا و,ت

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Be in Allah’s CareBe in Allah’s Care

Dr. A.S. HashimDr. A.S. Hashim