• Home

  • Documents

  • Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change...
98
Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans Dr. Yogi Shah MD, MPH Des Moines University David Osterberg University of Iowa

Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    3

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Climate and Health Impact on Iowans

Dr Yogi Shah MD MPH Des Moines University

David Osterberg University of Iowa

Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health risks httpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Air water

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health Lost Productivity

Most Vulnerable at Most Risk

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Air Water

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Adaptation Measures Mitigation Public Health

Role

Prevention Provides Protection

Reduction in chronic diseases Reduction in health system costs Increase labor productivity

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Mental Health

Vector Biology

Vectors

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Ticks Lyme

Climate change

Temperature Humidity Air water

Ehrlichiosis

Tularemia

What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue

More than 30 agents have emerged during the past two decades

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 2: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health risks httpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Air water

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health Lost Productivity

Most Vulnerable at Most Risk

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Air Water

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Adaptation Measures Mitigation Public Health

Role

Prevention Provides Protection

Reduction in chronic diseases Reduction in health system costs Increase labor productivity

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Mental Health

Vector Biology

Vectors

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Ticks Lyme

Climate change

Temperature Humidity Air water

Ehrlichiosis

Tularemia

What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue

More than 30 agents have emerged during the past two decades

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 3: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Air water

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health Lost Productivity

Most Vulnerable at Most Risk

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Air Water

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Adaptation Measures Mitigation Public Health

Role

Prevention Provides Protection

Reduction in chronic diseases Reduction in health system costs Increase labor productivity

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Mental Health

Vector Biology

Vectors

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Ticks Lyme

Climate change

Temperature Humidity Air water

Ehrlichiosis

Tularemia

What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue

More than 30 agents have emerged during the past two decades

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 4: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Most Vulnerable at Most Risk

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Air Water

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Adaptation Measures Mitigation Public Health

Role

Prevention Provides Protection

Reduction in chronic diseases Reduction in health system costs Increase labor productivity

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Mental Health

Vector Biology

Vectors

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Ticks Lyme

Climate change

Temperature Humidity Air water

Ehrlichiosis

Tularemia

What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue

More than 30 agents have emerged during the past two decades

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 5: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Air Water

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Adaptation Measures Mitigation Public Health

Role

Prevention Provides Protection

Reduction in chronic diseases Reduction in health system costs Increase labor productivity

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Mental Health

Vector Biology

Vectors

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Ticks Lyme

Climate change

Temperature Humidity Air water

Ehrlichiosis

Tularemia

What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue

More than 30 agents have emerged during the past two decades

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 6: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Prevention Provides Protection

Reduction in chronic diseases Reduction in health system costs Increase labor productivity

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Mental Health

Vector Biology

Vectors

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Ticks Lyme

Climate change

Temperature Humidity Air water

Ehrlichiosis

Tularemia

What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue

More than 30 agents have emerged during the past two decades

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 7: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Mental Health

Vector Biology

Vectors

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Ticks Lyme

Climate change

Temperature Humidity Air water

Ehrlichiosis

Tularemia

What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue

More than 30 agents have emerged during the past two decades

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 8: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Vector Biology

Vectors

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Ticks Lyme

Climate change

Temperature Humidity Air water

Ehrlichiosis

Tularemia

What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue

More than 30 agents have emerged during the past two decades

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 9: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Vectors

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Ticks Lyme

Climate change

Temperature Humidity Air water

Ehrlichiosis

Tularemia

What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue

More than 30 agents have emerged during the past two decades

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 10: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue

More than 30 agents have emerged during the past two decades

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 11: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

More than 30 agents have emerged during the past two decades

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 12: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

MERS

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 13: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Vectors

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 14: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Mosquitoes and climate

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 15: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Temp dependent

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 16: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

30c =86f 20c= 68f

U-M theoretical ecologist Mercedes Pascual

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 17: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Vectors

Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 18: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Malaria

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 19: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Mosquito (Anopheles) ndash Plasmodium (P Falciparum P Vivax)

200 million casesyear 600000 deaths

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 20: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 21: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Patz J A and Olson S H PNAS 20061035635-5636

30c =86f 20c= 68f

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Relationship between temperature and malaria parasite development time inside the mosquito (ldquoextrinsic incubation periodrdquo or EIP) EIP shortens at higher temperatures so mosquitoes become infectious sooner Note the nonlinear response to temperature as well as relative threshold limits for malaria parasite development (asymp18degC and 15degC for P falciparum and P vivax respectively) (adapted from ref 16)

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 22: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Number of malaria cases- largest since 1971 50 increase from 2008

CDC

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 23: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 24: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Chikungunya(ChikV)

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 25: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Mosquito(Aedes aegypti and Ae Albopictus) -viral infection ChikV

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 26: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Ae Albopictus distribution 2007

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 27: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Menrsquos health Magazine

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 28: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

(as of March 10 2015)

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 29: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity water

Mosquitoes

Malaria

Dengue

Chikungunya

West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 30: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

West Nile Virus Disease

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 31: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Mosquito (Culex Pipiens) - West Nile virus (WNV)

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 32: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 33: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

1999

Presenter
Presentation Notes
West Nile virus was first detected in North America during 1999 While West Nile virus-infected birds were detected from many eastern counties human illness was confined to the New York City region

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 34: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
By 2002 West Nile virus had spread rapidly across the eastern two thirds of the United States This was the first year the virus was detected in Minnesota

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 35: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

2005

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In 2005 there were 2581 human cases in 42 states and ecologic WNV activity (virus detection in birds and mosquitoes) was seen in all 48 contiguous states13Human cases were scattered throughout the US but most human cases were seen in CA the southwest and the central mountain states

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 36: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

62 712

5674

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 37: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

WNV Human Infection ldquoIcebergrdquo

~80 Asymptomatic

~20 ldquoWest Nile Feverrdquo

lt1 CNS

disease

1 CNS disease case =

~150 total infections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Most people (about 80) who are bitten by West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes will fight off the infection without having any symptoms at all Almost everyone else (about 20) develop West Nile fever Only about one out of every 150 infections results in West Nile encephalitis or meningitis and about 10 of these severe central nervous system cases are fatal

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 38: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 39: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Iowa Heat

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 40: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 41: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Iowa ndash Zone 4 5

Iowa ndash Zone 5a 5b

1974-1986 data

1976-2005 data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The gardeners among you will recognize the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map which has been used for decades to decide what plants will thrive in our geographic area After many years of waiting ndash a new map was released in 2012 based on extensive weather data When I saw it I noticed something strange 13(add 1990 map)13What I found interesting was that Iowa was in Zones 4 and 5 on the 1990 map but is now in Zones 5a and 5b The 1990 map used data from 1974-1986 while the new map included additional data from 1986-2005 This suggests at least a 5degF warming of our winter low temperatures across the state

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 42: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 people Des Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 43: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 44: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Iowa Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 45: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Climate Connection

Chronic disease severity from air pollution (77)

Allergic symptoms from exposure to plants or mold (58)

Ann Am Thorac Soc Vol 12 No 2 pp 274ndash278 Feb 2015

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 46: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Climate Change Respiratory Disease

Anthropogenic Climate Change

uarrCO2 rarr weed amp grass biomass uarrTemp rarr allergen content rarr longer allergy season

uarr Floods rarr uarr mold spore counts uarr Humidity

uarr Ozone PM SO2 rarr uarr inflammation uarr susceptibility

uarr Allergy uarr Asthma uarr CV Dis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Climate change increases allergy and asthma by worsening exposures to allergens and air pollutants In addition the inflammation induced by air pollution increases susceptibility to the effects of allergens producing more severe allergy and asthma 13Another contributor to allergy and asthma is mold exposures arising from extreme flooding events

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 47: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa

1 Higher humidities and extreme precipitation events increase mold exposures and induce respiratory diseases

2 New allergenic plants higher pollen yields and an extended growing period increase the burden of allergy and asthma

3 Increased urban heating leads to higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and ground level ozone increasing lung and heart disease

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 48: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality

increased wheeze chest tightness and asthma increased emergency department visits for asthma

and respiratory tract infections increased hospitalization and COPD exacerbations

Bell et al Epid 16436 2005 Gryparis et al AJRCCM 1701080 2004 Ito et al Epid 16446 2005 Levy et al Epid 16458 2005

Burnett et al Environ Res 7224 1997 Anderson et al ERJ 101064 1997 Mortimer et alERJ 19699 2002 Peters et al AJRCCM 159768 1999 Chuang et al AJRCCM 176370 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Many many studies have documented the morbidity and mortality associated with ozone We know that breathing ozone damages lung tissue and can reduce lung function and inflame the airways This can increase respiratory symptoms and aggravate asthma or other lung diseases It is especially harmful to children older adults outdoor workers and those with asthma and other chronic lung and heart diseases Ozone exposure is also associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections requiring medication use emergency department visits and hospital admissions for individuals with lung disease There is a clear association between high ozone in urban air and mortality

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 49: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Allergy season- longer and more severe

Chamber studies show that at warmer temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations

More pollen produced Higher allergen content in pollen Longer allergy season

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Studies have been conducted growing allergenic plants in chambers that create the expected atmosphere of 2050 These studies reveal greater plant biomass more pollen produced and higher allergen content in the pollen Thus we expect longer and more severe allergy seasons in the emerging climate of the 21st century This is bad news for those allergic to plants like Ragweed13What about air pollution13

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 50: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Data updated from Ziska et al 2011

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 51: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

The chemical allergen urushiol- hypersensitivity

Poison ivy grown at higher temperatures and higher CO2 produces a more potent form of urushiol

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 52: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Humidity Water Air

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 53: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Mental Health

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 54: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Increased ambient temperatures are associated with more aggressive and violence behaviors

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 55: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict

Hsiang et al Science 3411235367 13 Sept 2013

ldquoEach 1 standard deviation change in climate toward warmer temperatures increases the frequency of interpersonal violence by 4 and intergroup conflict by 14rdquo

A warmer world is expected to experience more conflict

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 56: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Iowa Flood of 2008

1231 UI students were surveyed 6 wks post flood

Peek-Asa Ramirez Young Cao Prehosp Disaster Med 27(6) 503-8 2012 Analysis controlled for gender ethnicity grade and damage to home

bull PTSD was assessed using Modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale

bull 542 reported work disruption due to the floods bull Students experiencing work disruption were four times

more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95 CI 25 ndash 82)

bull increases in alcohol use

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 57: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Climate Change and Public Health

72

Extreme Precipitation

Increased Temperature

Increased Humidity

Extreme

Heat

Air Pollutants amp Allergens

Drought

Changes in

Environment amp Habitat

Severe

Storms amp Flooding

Wildfire

Heat-related illness and death

Cardiovascular disease stroke

Respiratory Illness

Injuries and Drowning

Vector-borne illness

Displacement

Waterborne and foodborne illness

Stress Mental Illness

Adaptation Measures

Climate Changes Events Health Outcomes

Mitigation Public Health Role

Ris

k Fa

ctor

s

Water Quality

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The three observed climate changes in Minnesota (extreme precipitation increased humidity and increased temperature) can change the frequency and severity of weather hazards (extreme heat severe storms and flooding drought wildfire) impact air and water quality and cause changes to our environment and plant and animal habitats that all can affect human health 1313Public health can play two roles in reducing the health impacts of climate change The first role is to support mitigation efforts which means taking on or supporting efforts that slow stabilize or reverse climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions The second is to adapt to climate change-- anticipating and preparing for the effects of climate change and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes 13

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 58: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Climate Change and Human Health

Global climate change effects

Temperature Precipitation Humidity

Storms and Flooding

Heat

Vector Biology

Air Pollutants

Food Supply

Morbidity Mortality Displacement

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality

Infectious Disease

Respiratory Diseases

Malnutrition

Mental Health

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 59: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

bull The Iowa United Nations Association is hosting a series of statewide community forums entitled ldquoIowa the United Nations and Climate Changerdquo where Iowans will have the opportunity to learn about the work of the UN in addressing climate change

bull First community forum will be hosted Saturday April 18th in Iowa City

bull Keynote speakers Jerald Schnoor UI Center for Global and Environmental Research and Peter Thorne Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

bull Panel discussions on student activism international impacts of climate change and advocacy

bull For more information visit httpiowaunaorgclimate

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 60: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Dr Shah MD MPH Yogeshshahdmuedu Des Moines University

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 61: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Water Quality Water Pollution Climate Change

Professor David Osterberg College of Public Health University of Iowa

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 62: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended

TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014 httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 63: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

World Health Organization bull Cyanobacterial Toxins bull Cyanobacteria or blue-green

algae occur worldwide especially in calm nutrient-rich waters

bull Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking bathing in or inhaling contaminated water

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 64: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Slide by Hans Paerl UNC ndash Chapel Hill

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 65: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Erie

httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 66: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Washington Post The toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it

August 11 2014

bull There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxins in drinking water US utilities donrsquot need to test for ithellip Monitoring is voluntaryhellipThe US Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasnrsquot acted

bull And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs mdash thanks to a mix of global warming invasive species and pollution mdash the issue is expected to pop up more often Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 67: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Iowa Policy Project Paper Heffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

Pond Scum mdash Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters Dealing with Cyanobacteria (or Blue-Green Algae) and the Impact of Excess Nutrients State policy has left Iowa waterways open to contamination by bacteria resulting from phosphorus and other nutrients in runoff from both farm fields and urban sources Full Report (PDF 13 pg) 121709 Executive Summary (PDF 4 pg) News Release (PDF 2 pg)

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 68: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 69: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25

Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics

Reichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A

This review hellipidentifies mechanisms that influence hellip toxic cyanobacterial blooms hellip

Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events combined

with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 70: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Year

Number of Microcystin Advisories

2014 22 2013 24 2012 14 2011 7 2010 2

Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches SOURCE Mary Skopec IDNR

Iowa Department of Natural Resources Beach Monitoring Advisories

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 71: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

What else does heavy rain bring

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 72: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Source Flooding in the Midwest 2008 USGS Professional Paper 1775

Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow 1958-2007

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 73: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2

bull Avoid any physical contact with the water Floodwaters can have dangerous currents and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water If you have been in contact with floodwaters avoid touching your mouth or eyes and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible

bull Also the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination and have their wells tested

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 74: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013

bull Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 75: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Example ndash June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 76: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 77: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Field Office 1 (Northeast Iowa) bull Marion bull Watkins - possible bull Sumner bull West Union bull Denver bull Dubuque bull Cedar Falls bull Belle Plain bull Lisbon bull Wyoming bull La Port City

Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) bull Grimes bull LeGrand bull Montezuma bull Montour bull Kellogg bull McCallsburg bull Melcher-Dallas bull Melbourne bull Newton bull Brooklyn bull Monroe bull Oskaloosa bull Tama bull Winterset bull Bondurant bull Pella

Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) bull City of Riverside bull North English bull West Liberty bull Fairfield bull Davenport bull Winfield bull Ainsworth bull Buffalo

Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 ndash 20 2014

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 78: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) Fort Dodge (250000 gallonsday)

bull Coulter bull LatimerCoulter bull Britt bull Blairsburg bull Algona bull Williams bull Swea City bull Hampton bull Rutland bull Eagle Grove bull Humboldt bull Burt from lift station andor manhole

Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) bull Lake Park bull Sheldon bull Iowa Great Lakes bull Melvin bull Cherokee bull Pocahontas bull Hartley bull Lytton bull Lester bull Sioux Center bull Sutherland bull Aurelia bull Holstein bull Alta bull Lost Island S Dist (Ruthven)

from lift station andor manhole

bull Lake Mills bull Wellsburg bull Forest City bull Dike bull Belmond bull Dakota City bull Eagle Grove bull Iowa Falls bull Grundy Center bull Fertile bull Thornton bull Meservey

bull Albert City bull George bull Orange City bull Laurens bull Hornick bull Storm Lake bull Emmetsburg bull Spencer (CSOs) bull Marcus bull Everly bull Correctionville bull Fonda bull Royal bull Archer bull Hull bull Inwood bull Peterson

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 79: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina

bull Katrina Hit New Orleans on August 29 2005 as Category 3

bull We collected indoor and outdoor air samples in New Orleans on September 29-30 2005 ndash Mold spore counts and identification ndash Culturable molds ndash Endotoxin (from bacteria) ndash β-glucans (from molds)

bull People complained of Katrina Cough or the Flood Crud

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 80: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

How bad can it get

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings
Page 81: Climate and Health: Impact on Iowans - Wild Apricot · 2015. 3. 25. · Global climate change effects: Temperature Humidity Water Air . Storms and Flooding Heat . Vector Biology Air

Katrina findings

bull Mold and microbial hazards are typical of flood damage ndash High concentrations (asymp high occupational levels) ndash Typical molds found PenicilliumAspergillus

bull Hazards are extreme ndash Susceptible individuals should not be exposed ndash For others personal protection is required ndash N95 respirator will not provide adequate

protection at these levels of exposure

  • Climate and Health Impact on Iowans
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Increased heat wave intensity and frequency increased humidity degraded air quality and reduced water quality will increase public health riskshttpnca2014globalchangegovhighlightsoverviewoverview
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Most Vulnerable at Most Risk
  • Slide Number 8
  • Prevention Provides Protection
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Vector Biology
  • Slide Number 12
  • What makes Infectious Diseases Our Issue
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Vectors
  • Mosquitoes and climate
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Malaria
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Chikungunya(ChikV)
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • West Nile Virus Disease
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Slide Number 43
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Heat
  • The Hottest Days Will Get Hotter
  • Slide Number 53
  • Slide Number 54
  • A 1995 Chicago heat wave killed more than 700 peopleDes Moines could expect three similar heat waves every year
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Iowa Air
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Climate Connection
  • Climate Change Respiratory Disease
  • Climate Change Impacts on Respiratory Health in Iowa
  • Ground-level Ozone Morbidity amp Mortality
  • Allergy season- longer and more severe
  • Slide Number 65
  • Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Mental Health
  • Slide Number 69
  • Meta-analysis of 60 studies examining intertemporal associations between climatic variables and human conflict
  • Iowa Flood of 2008
  • Climate Change and Public Health
  • Climate Change and Human Health
  • Slide Number 74
  • Slide Number 75
  • Slide Number 76
  • Toledo-area water advisory expected to continue through Sunday as leaders await tests water stations to remain open Microcystin found in samples boiling not recommended TAYLOR DUNGJEN AND DAVID PATCH BLADE STAFF WRITERS August 2 2014httpwwwtoledobladecomlocal20140802City-of-Toledo-issues-do-no-drink-water-adviseryhtmlFYqOSvTbSl8Ee3mG99
  • World Health Organization
  • Slide Number 79
  • Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algaeAug 3 2014---25 miles from shore of Lake Eriehttpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20140804lake-erie-algae-bloom-2014-_n_5647824html
  • Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledorsquos water The feds donrsquot make you test for it August 11 2014
  • Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009
  • Pond ScummdashLooking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters
  • Slide Number 84
  • Water Res 2012 Apr 146(5)1372-93 doi 101016jwatres201111052 Epub 2011 Nov 25Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamicsReichwaldt ES1 Ghadouani A
  • Slide Number 86
  • What else does heavy rain bring
  • Slide Number 88
  • Slide Number 89
  • Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)httpwwwdeqstateneusGennsfPagesDisaster-2
  • Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR ndash April 2009 to October 2013
  • Slide Number 92
  • Slide Number 93
  • Slide Number 94
  • Slide Number 95
  • Mold and Microbial Agents in Homes after Hurricane Katrina
  • How bad can it get
  • Katrina findings

Iowans’Feeding’ the’World’uni.edu/carrchl/wp/internshipinhistoricalstudies/wp-content/... · Iowans Feeding the World highlights Iowans as leaders in the ... before the invention

Iowans’Feeding’ the’World’uni.edu/carrchl/wp/internshipinhistoricalstudies/wp-content/... · Iowans Feeding the World highlights Iowans as leaders in the ... before the invention

Documents
Air, Climate, & Energy (ACE)...Air, Climate, and Energy Research Program Office of Research and Development June 1, 2015 Air, Climate, & Energy (ACE) Building a Foundation of Science

Air, Climate, & Energy (ACE)...Air, Climate, and Energy Research Program Office of Research and Development June 1, 2015 Air, Climate, & Energy (ACE) Building a Foundation of Science

Documents
EPA’s Air, Climate, & Energy Research Program2016/04/11  · EPA’s Air, Climate, & Energy Research Program Tim Watkins Deputy National Program Director, Air, Climate, & Energy

EPA’s Air, Climate, & Energy Research Program2016/04/11  · EPA’s Air, Climate, & Energy Research Program Tim Watkins Deputy National Program Director, Air, Climate, & Energy

Documents
Vilsack, Iowans for Vilsack Pederson, Inc._5076_A_Contributions

Vilsack, Iowans for Vilsack Pederson, Inc._5076_A_Contributions

Documents
CIRAS’ Technology Assistance Program—Connecting Iowans ... · CIRAS’ Technology Assistance Program—Connecting Iowans . with Tech, Each Other. Pengo Corporation had a problem

CIRAS’ Technology Assistance Program—Connecting Iowans ... · CIRAS’ Technology Assistance Program—Connecting Iowans . with Tech, Each Other. Pengo Corporation had a problem

Documents
Vilsack, Iowans for Vilsack Pederson, Inc._5076_G_Consultant

Vilsack, Iowans for Vilsack Pederson, Inc._5076_G_Consultant

Documents
Employment Services for Iowans with disabilities Redesign Update

Employment Services for Iowans with disabilities Redesign Update

Documents
Observing Climate - Upper Air

Observing Climate - Upper Air

Documents
air and climate change

air and climate change

Documents
Adverse Childhood Experiences · 2020. 1. 27. · ACEs 45% 5% 9% 20% 21% ACEs are common 0 ACEs 930,835 Iowans 1 ACE 440,458 Iowans 2-3 ACEs 392,712 Iowans 4-5 ACEs 194,550 Iowans

Adverse Childhood Experiences · 2020. 1. 27. · ACEs 45% 5% 9% 20% 21% ACEs are common 0 ACEs 930,835 Iowans 1 ACE 440,458 Iowans 2-3 ACEs 392,712 Iowans 4-5 ACEs 194,550 Iowans

Documents
dodo - Climate & Clean Air Coalition

dodo - Climate & Clean Air Coalition

Documents
Climate and Clean Air Coalition

Climate and Clean Air Coalition

Documents
Employment Services for Iowans with disabilities Redesign Update

Employment Services for Iowans with disabilities Redesign Update

Documents
Climate Control - Hammond Mfg. · 2019. 4. 26. · Climate Control Climate Control Air Conditioners - Selection Guide ..... 234 Air-Air Heat Exchangers - Selection Guide ..... 237

Climate Control - Hammond Mfg. · 2019. 4. 26. · Climate Control Climate Control Air Conditioners - Selection Guide ..... 234 Air-Air Heat Exchangers - Selection Guide ..... 237

Documents
Climate Zones, Air Masses Biomes

Climate Zones, Air Masses Biomes

Documents
Air Quality and Climate Change

Air Quality and Climate Change

Documents
Climate Change, Air Quality and Respiratory Health - Air Quality and...Climate Change, Air Quality and Respiratory Health Katherine M. Shea, MD, MPH ... ( SAP 4.6, US Climate Change

Climate Change, Air Quality and Respiratory Health - Air Quality and...Climate Change, Air Quality and Respiratory Health Katherine M. Shea, MD, MPH ... ( SAP 4.6, US Climate Change

Documents
Heating / Ventilation / Air Conditioning Room Climate ... · PDF fileHeating / Ventilation / Air Conditioning Room Climate Control ... Heating / Ventilation / Air Conditioning Room

Heating / Ventilation / Air Conditioning Room Climate ... · PDF fileHeating / Ventilation / Air Conditioning Room Climate Control ... Heating / Ventilation / Air Conditioning Room

Documents
Air 70 - Brink Climate Systems

Air 70 - Brink Climate Systems

Documents
AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE LEGISLATION

AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE LEGISLATION

Documents
Air Quality and Climate Change - ACGOV.org€¦ · Air Quality and Climate Change This chapter discusses the potential impacts of air quality and global climate change on residents’

Air Quality and Climate Change - ACGOV.org€¦ · Air Quality and Climate Change This chapter discusses the potential impacts of air quality and global climate change on residents’

Documents
Vilsack, Iowans for Vilsack Pederson, Inc._5076_A_part_2

Vilsack, Iowans for Vilsack Pederson, Inc._5076_A_part_2

Documents
IT CLIMATE STULZ Wall Air

IT CLIMATE STULZ Wall Air

Documents
Pursuing Excellence by Connecting ISU with Iowans

Pursuing Excellence by Connecting ISU with Iowans

Documents
CLIMATE AIR CONDITIONERS

CLIMATE AIR CONDITIONERS

Documents
Iowa Air Pollution · Iowa Air Pollution not feasible to have pollution monitors everywhere. In order to protect Iowans, laws have been written to prevent air pollutants from being

Iowa Air Pollution · Iowa Air Pollution not feasible to have pollution monitors everywhere. In order to protect Iowans, laws have been written to prevent air pollutants from being

Documents
Understanding Upper-Air Climate Change

Understanding Upper-Air Climate Change

Documents
Air Pollution and Climate Change

Air Pollution and Climate Change

Environment
INTERACTIONS OF AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE Daniel J. Jacob How do air pollutants contribute to climate change? How will climate change affect air

INTERACTIONS OF AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE Daniel J. Jacob How do air pollutants contribute to climate change? How will climate change affect air

Documents
Wildfires, Climate and Air Quality

Wildfires, Climate and Air Quality

Documents