CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CONTEXT: FARMING SECTOR 6/25/13

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CONTEXT:FARMING SECTOR

6/25/13

Summary of Data Sources – Sector/Cluster

FGD # Male Female Vulnerability Analysis

Preparedness and Response

Resource Use and Access

35 32 3 11 13 11

Data Summary

CVCA – Farming Sector

Flood Drought Erratic Rainfall

Heat Stress

Heavy Rain

Market Failure

Conflict Disease Soil Salinity

Invasive Species

0123456789

1011

Most Commonly Mentioned Hazards- All Clusters

# of FGs (out of 11)


Flood

Drought

Erratic R

ainfall

Heat Stre

ss

Disease

Heavy Rain

Market Failu

re

Conflict

Soil Salin

ity

Invasive Specie

s0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Most Commonly Mentioned Hazards - By Clusters

East South Afar


Soil Salinity

Drought Conflict Flood Erratic Rainfall

Heat Stress

Invasive Species

Market Failure

Disease Heavy Rain

13 12.6

10 10 9.9 9.3 9 8.5 8.2 8

Severity of Hazard Impact on Farming Sector – All Clusters (Score out of 15)


Drought

Erratic R

ainfallFlood

Disease

Heat Stre

ss

Heavy Rain

Soil Salin

ity

Conflict

Invasive Specie

s

Market Failu

re0

3

6

9

12

15

Severity of Hazard Impact on Farming Sector - By Cluster(By Impact Score out of 15)

East South Afar


Mark

et Fail

ure

Invasiv

e Specie

s

Conflict

Heat Str

ess

Erratic R

ainfal

lFlo

od

Soil S

alinity

Disease

Drough

t

Heavy R

ain

5 5 5

4.17 4.13 4 4 3.83.5 3.3

Frequency of Hazard – All Clusters 5 = constant4 = 1-2 years3 = 3-4 years


Drought Erratic Rainfall

Heavy Rain

Flood Heat Stress

Disease Conflict Market Failure

Invasive Species

Soil Salinity

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Frequency of Hazards - By ClusterEast South Afar


Impro

ved Se

ed/Seed

Credit/

Finance

Farm

land/Land

Livesto

ck/O

xen

Manpower

Water

Inputs

11

9 9 8.8 8.47.44

3.9

Vulnerability of Resources to Hazards – All ClustersAverage score out of 12


Improved Seed/Seed

Livestock/Oxen Manpower Water Farmland/Land Inputs Credit/Finance0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Vulnerability of Resources to Hazards - By Cluster (score out of 12)

East South Afar


Washed Away

Decline in Germination

Decline in Yield

Increased Price

4

2

2

1

Impact of Hazards on Seeds# of FGs responding out of 5


Erosion

Decline in Productivity

Drying/Degradation

Gully Formation

Decline in Fertility

9

9

6

5

2

Impact of Hazards on Farmland# of FGs responding out of 11

Physical Weakness

Death

Disease

Feed Shortage

5

5

3

3

Impacts of Hazards on Oxen# of FGs responding out of 10


Malnutrition

Death

Decline in Productivity

Disease

Physical Weakness

Intra-community conflict

Increased Work Burden

5

3

3

2

1

1

1

Impact of Hazards on Manpower# of FG responses out of 8

Preparedness and Response – Effectiveness Coping AdaptationManual weeding and bird control Use of improved and drought resistance

varieties

Seeking Gov’t and NGO support Early planting and harvesting

Borrowing grain from family Growing cash crops

Petty trades Apply pesticides and Fertilizers

Selling animals Flood diversion/SWC

Feeding livestock Mulching and water harvesting

Temporary settle around farm lands Store seed and grains

Renting land with crops for feed/harvesting to others (Afar)

Mobilization of community during ploughing and harvesting land

Preparedness and Response – Effectiveness High Effective Reason

Early planting and harvesting Fruit farming Morning and night irrigating Flood diversion Drought resistance varieties Store seed and grains

Proper timing Reduce risks and maximize income Increase production Reduce labor burden Environmentally safe

Least effective Reason

Selling animals - distressful Petty trades, Borrowing grain from relatives Apply pesticides and Fertilizers Mechanical weed and pest

control Opportunistic expansion

Unsuitable timing Creates work burden Lack of technical know how Unaffordable Unsustainable High cost and low benefit Undermines land potential

Resource Access and Control

Actors Level of Control Level of TrustMen v. women Men have high

controlling powerWomen have high trust

Government v. Community

Government has high controlling power

Community has high trust

Insider v. Outsider Insiders have high controlling power

Insiders have got high trust

Traders/Brokers v. community

Traders and brokers have high controlling power

Community has high trust

• Farm lands are located in low-lying and along riversides that are prone to floods

• Eastern and south clusters are similar in hazard type• Southern cluster is less affected compared to Afar and

Eastern cluster• Afar has increased horticulture and fruit production but

very limited market access• Use of surface irrigation system • Use of good adaptation strategies• Increased engagement in pastoral areas• Private enclosure in arable lands

Major Observations

Thank You

Documents

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CONTEXT: FARMING SECTOR 6/25/13