Climate Change and Forest Mitigation and Adaptation in a

Polluted Environment

Swedish Monitoring and Research Activities

Per Erik Karlsson

IVL Swedish environmental Research Institute Ltd

Swedish National Forest Inventories (NFI)

A 100 year history

30 000 observation plots, revisited every 5th year.

Land-use, tree growth, crown condition, ground vegetation, soil sampling.

30-40 M tonnes CO2 is sequestered into the Swedish forest land annually.

Sweden. NIR, 2009

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008

M to

nnes

CO

2-eq

.

Living biomass Dead biomass

Soil carbon, mineral Soil carbon, organic

Soil carbon, total Net CO2 seq

ICP Forest Level II observation plots

Approx. 100 observation plots

Tree growth

Ground vegetation

Soil and soil water chemistry

Deposition

etc

SO4-Sex

0

5

10

15

20

25

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

kg/h

a

Mann Kendall: OF=** TF=***

The Swedish Throughfall Monitoring Network

Established in 1985.

Today 65 active plots.

Measured parameters:

Air: SO2, NO2, NH3 and O3

Deposition (bulk and throughfall): pH, SO4-S, Cl, NO3-N, NH4-N, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Kj-N and DOC

Soil water: pH, SO4-S, Cl, NO3-N, NH4-N, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Fe, ioAl, oAl and DOC

SO4-S

0123456789

10

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

mg/

l

Seasonal Kendall = ***

Deposition

Mineral soil water

TF

OF

oorg Al

0123456789

10

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010m

g/l

Seasonal Kendall = ***

ICP Integrated Monitoring

4 observation plots

Air pollutant and mineral balances in catchments.

Air Pollution Monitoring

Precipitation chemistry, gases, PM

Sulphur, nitrogen, ozone, heavy metals, cations etc etc

[Title][Lecturer], [Date]

Cluster 1: Climate modelling, climate, land use and emission scenarios SMHI

Cluster 2: Air pollution concentrations and deposition, run-off chemistry + processes,ozone fluxes, SOA formation. IVL, SLU, GU

Cluster 3: Modelling atmosphere, soil-water, toxics

Cluster 4: Synergies and conflicts, abatement scenarios (GAINS), database, GIS tools IVL

Cluster 5: Communication and external cooperation

Climate Change and Environmental Objectives - CLEO

Duration (start 2010), 3+3 years; Yearly budget, approx 600 000 Euro

[Title][Lecturer], [Date]

Ozone flux to vegetation - current and future

Gothenburg University, SMHI, IVL.

Klingberg et al., submitted

North South