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09.06.2011 Seite 1
Climate Change and the Urban Poor in
Khulna Presentation on the Existing Situation and Outlook
S.M. Mehedi Ahsan Urban Governance and Development Expert
Good Urban Governance Program, GIZ Bangladesh
Friday, 3 June
09.06.2011 Seite 2
Content
Climate Change & Urbanization in Bangladesh
- Impact of Climate Change
-Bangladesh
-Coastal Region
-Khulna City
Khulna City
-Introduction
-Climate Vulnerabilities of Khulna City
-Potentials
German Development Cooperation’s support to
KCC for Climate Adaptive Urban Development
09.06.2011 Seite 3
- Himalaya to the north
- Bay of Bengal to the south
Bangladesh…
09.06.2011 Seite 4
09.06.2011 Seite 5
56% children suffering from malnutrition
Low literacy rate (53%)
High Population density 840 people /Km2
Low per capita
income
Agro-based economy
09.06.2011 Seite 6
Projected Future Sea Level Rise in the Bay of Bengal
Sea level rise
2030 2050 2080
A2 (High
Emission
Scenario)
14 cm 32 cm 62 cm
B1 (Low
Emission
Scenario)
2 cm 8 cm 15 cm
Source: IPCC fourth assessment report, 2007
Climate is Changing…
09.06.2011 Seite 7
River Erosion
Facing various natural disasters:
Cyclone
Drought
Salinity
Waterlogging
Flood
Climate is Changing…
09.06.2011 Seite 8
Extreme Event: Cyclone SIDR
09.06.2011 Seite 9
Extreme Event: Cyclone AILA
09.06.2011 Seite 10
Destroy
Everything of
Life…
09.06.2011 Seite 11
Growing at a rate of 4% annually… Urb
aniz
ation
in
Ba
ng
lad
esh
09.06.2011 Seite 12
- An estimated total
Population of
Bangladesh is now160
mio.
-More than 5.5 mio
people is living in Urban
Areas.
Level of Urbanization in Bangladesh
0
5
10
15
20
25
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1974 1981 1991 2001
% o
f T
ota
l P
op
ula
tio
n
% of total
09.06.2011 Seite 13
…Bangladesh’s cities and towns account for a rapidly increasing national GDP
However, the rapid pace of urbanization remains mainly unplanned, un-responded and un-recognized, resulting in negative impacts in the urban areas.
An estimated
6 million people live in
urban poor settlements commonly known as
“slums”
Urb
aniz
ation
in
Ba
ng
lad
esh
09.06.2011 Seite 14
Governance and Climate Change
Impacts of climate change affect the governance mechanism
and on the other hand proper climate change
adaptation/resilience need good governance;
•the effectiveness and efficiency of LGs are directly
affected
• climate change adaptation needs good governance
The impacts of climate change and variability in Bangladesh
are felt through a number of complex and linked factors such
as-
•weak governance
•lack of capacity to adapt
•poverty
•inequality
•legacy of past conflicts
•political instability etc
09.06.2011 Seite 15
Governance and Climate Change
Responses to climate change must take account of the
broad dimensions of what makes people resilient for
example–
•not just drought-resistant crops and embankments
to protect them from floods
•but also the interlinked factors of livelihood options,
good infrastructure, social inclusion and effective
governance
Interlinked Problems Require Interlinked Solutions.
09.06.2011 Seite 16
09.06.2011 Seite 17
- Khulna City Corporation is functioning under Local Government
Division under Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development
and Cooperatives.
-Khulna is the third largest city of Bangladesh having around 1.5 mio
population and aprox. 2.3 mio in the urban agglomeration.
-Accommodating climate migrants of south-western coastal zone.
09.06.2011 Seite 18
Major Challenging Issues of Khulna City Corporation
-Weak Administrative and Financial Capacity.
-Highly dependent on Central Government for major
infrastructure improvement/development and financial
decision making.
-Poor Coordination between Khulna Development Authority; a
city development authority under Ministry of Housing and
Public Works.
-Khulna is a low-lying city which has developed in a linear
pattern alongside the Bhairab and Rupsha rivers in south
western Bangladesh. The whole city area is only 2.5 meters
above the mean sea level.
09.06.2011 Seite 19
Map of Khulna City…
09.06.2011 Seite 20
Climate Change and it’s impact on Khulna City…
-Inundation & Waterlogging
-Tidal River System and storm water drainage congestion.
-Salinity intrusion and it’s threat on potable drinking water.
-Destroy the infrastructure.
-Urban Poor's are severely affected.
09.06.2011 Seite 21
River Network in South
West part of Bangladesh
-Due to Ganges barrage the
sweet water flow has
decreased significantly
caused the salinity
intrusion.
-Salinity of Water and soil is
allready increased.
09.06.2011 Seite 22
Impact of
Climate Change
on Khulna City…
09.06.2011 Seite 23 Seite 23
Figure 5.2: Water
logging scenario for
Base Condition in 2010
Source: IWM (2010)
Impact on
Drainage System
09.06.2011 Seite 24 Seite 24
Figure: Water logging Map
for 2030 (A2 Scenario with
Climate Change)
Source: IWM (2010)
Impact on Drainage
System…
09.06.2011 Seite 25 Seite 25
Figure: Water logging
Map for 2050 (A2
Scenario with Climate
Change)
Source: IWM (2010)
Impact on Drainage
System…
09.06.2011 Seite 26
0
10
20
30
40
50
Percentage Migrating
Source: Interim Report, Volume II, Population and Urbanization, Preparation of
structure plan master plan and detailed area plan of Khulna city
The probability of
increasing the
contribution of these
reasons is high as the
population exposed to
the natural disasters
are increasing due to
climate change.
Figure: Causes of migration towards Khulna city According to Khulna Master
Plan-2002
09.06.2011 Seite 27
Migration towards Khulna
city
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Base Condition Year 2030
Migrated Population
Migrated Population
Figure: Comparison between projected migration and
migration at base condition
09.06.2011 Seite 28
Nationally over 9,000 slums
were identified of which 520
were located in Khulna
where they were found
throughout the urban area.
In 2005, the slum population of Khulna was just under 189,000 living in 37,826 households[1] – around 20% of Khulna’s population in 2005. This also implies that around another 20% of households lived in poor housing outside defined slum areas.
In 2005, the slum population of
Khulna was just under 189,000
living in 37,826 households –
around 20% of Khulna’s
population in 2005.
This also implies that around
another 20% of households
lived in poor housing outside
defined slum areas.
09.06.2011 Seite 29
09.06.2011 Seite 30
Khulna City Corporation requested German Development
Cooperation to develop Khulna as a Resilient City.
GIZ is supporting Khulna City Corporation through Good
Urban Governance Program
Technical Cooperation focused on:
- Capacity Development of Khulna City Corporation for improved
service delivery. i.e, safe drinking water supply for floating and
slum people and Urban Management issues covering technical
management, ICT, installation of GIS Lab in KCC. (contribution to
digital urban sector).
- Develop institutional capacity for functional coordination between
Khulna City Corporation & Khulna Development Authority.
09.06.2011 Seite 31
- concepts for alternative Water and Sanitation
approaches.
-concepts for Resilient cities (climate adaptation /
mitigation) and access to funds for climate change.
-Preparation of Strategic Urban Development Plan
including Land Use Plan for addressing Climate Change
impacts and reducing urban poverty.
Capacity Development in preparation and implementation of
urban development plans:
- sustainable, propoor urban transportation plan (CDIA/KfW)
- urban poverty reduction strategy
- concepts for planned urban growth
- concepts in SWM / composting / biogas plants,
with Public Private Partnerships
09.06.2011 Seite 32
Thanks a lot
Q&A