Climate Change Issues in Cambodian Coastal Area related to ... · Climate Change Issue and Urban Flood Management 19-20 March 2013, Daegu, Korea Climate Change Issues in Cambodian

Climate Change Issue and Urban Flood Management

19-20 March 2013, Daegu, Korea

Climate Change Issues in Cambodian Coastal Area related to Water

Prepared by MR. SRENG Sophal, Tel: (855) 89-696910 & E-mail: [email protected]/[email protected]

Outline1. Geography

2. Understand Climate Change in Cambodia

2.1 Impact of Climate Change

2.2 Real Causes (Natural Hazard and Disaster)

3. Strategies, policies and Legal Frmaework to Support Climate Change Adaptation

4. Challenges and Problems

5. Conclusion and Recommendation

6. Project Implemented in Coastal Area.

- Land Area of 181,035 Km2

- Share Border with Lao, Thailand and Viet Nam

- Climate: Tropical Monsoon with two distinct seasons : Dry and Rainy

- Population: 14.8 M withgrowth rate between 2.5-3.0% per year.

Waste Water

Solid Waste

1. Geography

2. Understand Climate Change in Cambodia

Temperature Increase

Precipitation Change See Level Rise

Water Resources Agricultural Production

Human Health Coastal AreasForest and Ecosystems

Recently, Cambodia is facing various problems since there are increasingnatural resources degradation due to forest, water, land etc have beenoverusing for economic development and pro-poor development activities incountry-wide up to date. These problems are major for environment whichappeared such as higher temperature, precipitation and sea level rise.

2.1 Impact of Climate Change in Cambodia

• Health sector: weather-related mortality, infectious diseases, air quality-respiratory illnesses;

• Agricultural sector: crop yields failure, irrigation demand;

• Forestry sector: change in forest composition, shift geographic range of forests, forest health and productivity;

• Water resources sector: change in water supply, water quality, increased competition for water;

• Coastal areas: erosion of beaches, inundate coastal lands,costs to defend coastal communities;

• Species and natural areas: shift in ecological zones, loss of habitat and species.


• Flood

– The high rainfall uneven distributed throughout the country .Some regions can be expected high level of rainfall, whichlead to floods, while the others may face shortage of rainfall,leading to drought. For example, Flood occurred in 2000 &2002, which killed people and caused millions in damages tocrop and infrastructure.

• Drought

– According to the information from NCDM in 2002, the impactof drought in some regions in Cambodia can be evidencedthrough the following description. Prolonged drought wasexperienced in 1997 to 1998 and consecutive drought in2001, 2002, 2004 and 2005. It severely affected on peopleand destroyed rice paddy.


• Typhone

– Typhoons strike the Cambodian coastline every 2 to 5 yearsand normally occur at the end of the rainy season.

– Cambodia is among the four Southeast Asian Countries thatwere affected by Typhoon Ketsana between September 26and October 5, 2009, causing incredible damage and loss,destroyed homes and livelihoods .

• Seawater Intrusion

– Underground water salinisation and seawater intrusion arecommon in coastal lowland areas used for agriculture,particularly during the dry season.


• Malaria Incidence

– Cambodia is geographically located in an area prone to vectorand water-borne diseases, including malaria and denguefever. Thus, changes in climatic conditions will have significantinfluence on the outbreak of these diseases.

Case of Climate Change Exposure and Sensitivity in Sihanoukvilleprovince (2012)

Hazard Possible or observed impact in

urban areas

Level Of Sensitivity

Current 2025 2050

Sea Level Rise

Damage to fishing boats Low Low Medium

Damage to homes Medium Medium

Potentially high

Coastal Erosion High Very high Very high

Damage to roads and infrastructures

Medium Medium High

Loss of agricultural land through sea-water incursion

Low Low Low

Heat/Drought

Damage to homes Low Low Low

Heat related health problems Medium High High

Loss of livestock (livelihood sources)

Low Low Low

Lack potable water Medium High High

Damage to coral High Very high Very high

Case of Climate Change Exposure and Sensitivity in Sihanoukvilleprovince (2012)

Hazard Possible or observed impact in

urban areas

Level Of Sensitivity

Current 2025 2050

Storm Activity

Damage to housing (particularly roofs)

High Very high Very high

Damage to fishing boats High Very high Very high

Damage to crops Low Low Low

Loss of tourism potential Medium Medium Medium

Increased threat from lightening

Medium Medium Medium

Flooding

Vector Borne Disease Low Medium High

Water Borne Disease Low High High

Damage to roads and infrastructure

Medium Medium High

Erosion and run-off from hilly ground

Medium Medium Medium

Damage to homes Medium Medium High

1. Policy of Govt. for Climate Change

• Ratification of the UNFCCC (1995) and Kyoto Protocol (2002),

• Establishment of Climate Change Office in 2003 and promoted to Department in 2009,

• Establishment of National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) in 2006,


• Adopted NAPA in 2006,

• Mainstreaming climate change concern into NSDP updated 2009-2013 and in the NEAP II 2011-2015,

• Environmental Strategic Plan (2009-2013),

• The National Forestry Programme for 20 Years (2010-2029)

• The Associated National REDD+ Readiness Roadmap



• The National Programme for Sub National Democratic Development (2010-2019)

• National Action Programme for Sustainable Land Management (2011-2020)

• The Strategy for Agriculture and water (2006-2010)

• The Strategic National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (2008-2013)


2. National Mechanism for Climate Change

– Initial National Communication

– National Adaptation Programme of Action to Climate Change.

– National Climate Change Committee

– Climate Change Department

– Cambodia Climate Change Alliance


2. Disaster Management


2. Disaster Management


In Cambodia, the NAPA (2006) highlighted the following barriersrelated to capacity for adaptation that will need to be addressed:

• Limited financial resources or funding for climate change related activities;

• Few climate change studies and little experience within the country;

• Lack of climate change research and/or training institutions in the country;

• Lack of data availability and reliability and , in particular, absence of a formal mechanism for information sharing;

• Limited cooperation and coordination among institutionalagencies related to research or studies on climate change andclimate variability;

• Relatively low technical capacity of local staff;


• Non-comprehensive national climate change policies and/orstrategy;

• Lack of qualified national and sub-national experts in the country;

• Limited public awareness and education on climate change; and

• Limited technical, financial and institutional resources for adaptation.

5. Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

• Cambodia is one of vulnerable countries to climate variabilitychange.

• Natural resources are major factors for local communities tosustain their livelihood and development.

• The climate change issues are concerned with the natural disasterhazards occurred in the country mainly flood and drought thataffect mostly to socio-economic development and environmentaland biodiversity

• Lacking good practices in water and related management is thekey for human activities response to climate change issues.

• Therefore, the holistic approach and IWRM shall be incorporatedto all sector aspects to response to climate change adaptation, bypromoting capacity building, and adaptive capacity of vulnerablepeople in affected areas.

5. Conclusion and RecommendationRecommendation

• Development of long-term integrated planning of providing best chance of minimizing the sea-level rises negative effects;

• Availability of financial resources must be secured forprograms/projects, research and development on climate changeadaptation from both the government agencies and developmentpartners;

• Strengthening the cooperation and coordination mechanismamong different sectors agencies at local, national, regional andinternational levels applying IWRM aspects to response theclimate change adaptation;

• Encouraging the decision makers to recognize the climate change issues and to commit their deals with issues;

• Vocational skills for local farming to get the jobs in thecommunities for climate change adaptation.

Thank you very much for your kind attention!

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Climate Change Issues in Cambodian Coastal Area related to ... · Climate Change Issue and Urban Flood Management 19-20 March 2013, Daegu, Korea Climate Change Issues in Cambodian