Climate Change - Lesson 1 Presentation, What is Climate?

7/28/2019 Climate Change - Lesson 1 Presentation, What is Climate?

1/31

http://wallpapers.free-review.net


2/31

The climate of a region is affected byinteractions among components ofEarths biosphere.

Earths biosphere is the thin layer of theEarth that is able to support life. The relatively thin layer of Earth that has

conditions suitable for supporting life is

composed of all the living things onEarth and the physical environment thatsupports them.


3/31

Earth may be divided into three spheres Biosphere (bio = living, Sphere = ball) ; Theliving layer around the planet Includes atmosphere, lithosphere, and

hydrosphere


4/31

Atmosphere (atmos = gas) ; The gas layeraround the planet Lithosphere (lithos = rock); The rock layeraround the planet Hydrosphere (hydro = water); The water layeraround the planet


5/31

Air is the mixture of different gases found in theEarths atmosphere. The layer of gas that extends out 300km from

the Earths surface.

Major gasses Oxygen and Nitrogen Trace Gases Argon, carbon dioxide, helium,

methane, and krypton


6/31

The atmosphere is approximately: 78% nitrogen gas

21% oxygen gas

1% other gases(argon, carbon dioxide, etc.)


7/31

In addition to these gases, the

atmosphere also contains atmosphericdust, made up of abiotic (non-living) andbiotic (living) particles.

Air quality is affected by the quantity ofparticles.

Smog, a word combining smoke andfog, occurs when soot particles

combine with car exhaust in the air.


8/31

The atmosphere is subdividedinto regions according to theirdistance from Earths surface.

These layers are described interms of temperature, chemicalcomposition, air movement,and density, which may differ

from place to place.


9/31


10/31

Layer Altitude (km) TempRange (C)

CharacteristicsTroposphere 0-10 20 60 80 percent of atmospheric gas by mass

can support life

contains most of the carbon dioxide and

water vapour in the atmosphere

contains almost all of the atmospheric

dust in the atmosphere

where weather takes place

Stratosphere 1050 0 60 contains most of the ozone gas in the

atmosphere, which protects livingorganisms from damaging high-energy

radiation

clumps of cells found but no other life

Air temperature increases with height as

ozone gas absorbs ultraviolet solar

radiation.Mesosphere 5080 0 100 very little gas

Air is thin, and atmospheric pressure is

low.

fewer oxygen molecules (O2)

Thermosphe

re

80+ 100 to

1000

very little gas

Gas particles are hot during the day and

cold at ni ht.


11/31

The solid portion of Earththat floats on the semifluidportion of the mantle.

The lithosphere is home tomany micro-organisms,plants, and animals,including humans. It is theouter surface of Earth (itscrust) plus the solid part ofthe upper mantle.


12/31

It extends downward from Earths surface andvaries in thickness from 5 km in the ocean to100 km beneath the continents.

Only a few meters is warmed by the sun, therest is warmed by decaying radioactivematerial


13/31

Movements in the lithosphere can affect climate.The science of plate tectonics describes how the

different plates of Earths lithosphere move overthe mantle.

When plates collide, mountains form. Thewindblown side of mountain ranges receive rainwhile the other side is dry.

Volcanic eruptions can spew millions of tonnes ofash high into the atmosphere, blocking the sun

and cooling the global climate for a few years.


14/31

All of the water on Earth. About 97 percent of this water is salt water in

Earths oceans.

The other 3 percent is fresh water.

Groundwater, lakes, and streams, ice insnow and glaciers


15/31

Many different organisms, fromwhales to algae, live in the largewater bodies of the

hydrosphere. Most organisms in the

lithosphere or atmosphere needwater to survive.

The hydrosphere is warmed byincoming solar radiation.


16/31

Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in

a specific place at a specific time. It describes

factors such as wind, temperature, humidity,

& precipitation.

Climate refers to the condition of the

atmosphere over a large area, averaged overmany years.


17/31

A) Cloud cover

B) Annual Rainfall

C) Chance of Precipitation

D) Average Monthly Temperature


18/31

The 4 main factors affecting an areas climateare:


19/31

The 4 main factors affecting a specific areasclimate are (more factors tomorrow):

Latitude


20/31


Latitude

Elevation


21/31


Latitude

Elevation

Air masses that flow

over the area


22/31


Latitude

Elevation

Air masses that flow over the area

Nearness to large bodies of water


23/31

A biome is a large geographical region with adefined range of temperature andprecipitation - its climate.


24/31

A biome is a large geographical region with adefined range of temperature andprecipitation its climate.


25/31

Each biome is characterized by the plant (andanimal) life that is adapted to it.

E.g. the cold, dry tundra is characterized by itslichens, mosses, and sedges.


26/31

Dividing Earth into biomes helps scientistsstudy and understand how the biotic andabiotic components of each biome interactand how the biomes interact with each other.

Biome divisions also make it easier forscientists to predict how different groups oforganisms may be affected by changes in aregion, such as a decrease in precipitation oran increase in summer temperatures.


27/31

The climate of any particular area can beanalyzed using climatographs which compareprecipitation and temperature over time.


28/31

The six terrestrial biomes in Canada aretundra, boreal forest (also called taiga),temperate deciduous forest, temperategrassland, temperate coniferous forest, and

mountain. Mountains show several different biomes as

you climb, with tundra at the tops of thehighest mountains.


29/31


30/31


31/31

Documents

Climate Change - Lesson 1 Presentation, What is Climate?