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It’s a good idea to make some notes of our
presentation as I have a surprise for you guyz and galz
at the end
Today, we will be focusing on:Today, we will be focusing on:
Introduction to climate zones Introduction to climate zones Eco-regions Eco-regions Bio-climate profile Bio-climate profile Bergeron & spatial synopticBergeron & spatial synoptic ThornthwaiteThornthwaite
Introduction to Climate Zones There are different types of climate all over the
world Warmer ones are closer to the equator where
the Sun's heat is stronger Colder ones are nearer the North and South
Poles The Earth can be divided up into a number of
climate zones according to the type of climate that exists in a particular region
Climate Classifications
There are several ways to classify climates into similar regimes. Originally, climes were defined in Ancient Greece to describe the weather depending upon a location's latitude.
Modern climate classification methods can be broadly divided into genetic methods, which focus on the causes of climate, and empiric methods, which focus on the effects of climate.
What has Science to do with Climate Zones?
In the early 1900’s a scientist named Vladimir Köppen (1846-1940) used temperature, precipitation and plant community to identify climate zones.
Vladimir Köppen (1846-1940) He is a Russian born
geographer, meteorologist, climatologist and botanist
His most notable contribution to science was the development of the Koppen climate classification system.
His contribution is commonly used today with some modifications.
Bio-climate Profiles Bio-climate profiles provide a ‘climate at a
glance’ graphical representation of climate and related indices on a site-by-site basis for historical and future time periods
A typical bio-climate profile consists of a number of elements that describe the temperature and moisture conditions at the site in question
The bio-climate profile information was developed to assist in multi-disciplinary studies of past and future climate regimes
Bergeron and Spatial Synoptic The Bergeron classification is the most widely accepted
form of air mass classification. Air mass classification involves three letters. The first letter
describes moisture properties, with c used for continental air masses (dry) and m for maritime air masses (moist).
The second letter describes the thermal characteristic of its source region. T for Tropical, P for Polar, A for Arctic, or Antarctic, M for Monsoon, E for Equatorial, and S for Superior Air.
The third letter is used to designate the stability of the atmosphere.
Eco-regions
A new method of classifying climate has been developed to reflect the survival of the eco system
New climate zones, which focus on the ecology of the region are called eco regions
Eco-regions are based on landforms, soil, plants, animals as well as climate
Professor of Climatology at John Hopkins University and the President of the Commission for Climatology of the World Meteorogical Organization.
C.W. Thornthwaite invented a climate classification method which monitors the soil water budget using the concept of evapotranspiration.
It monitors the portion of total precipitation used to nourish vegetation over a certain area. It uses indices such as a humidity index and an aridity index to determine an area's moisture regime based upon its average temperature, average rainfall, and average vegetation type.
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmostpheric water vapour that is pulled down by gravity and deposited on the Earth's surface.
The main forms of precipitation include rain, snow, ice pellets, and graupel
Moisture overriding associated with weather fronts is an overall major method of precipitation production. If enough moisture and upward motion is present, precipitation falls from convective clouds such as cumulonimbus and can organize into narrow rainbands.
FormationFormationRaindrops- Air resistance typically causes the water droplets in a cloud to remain stationary. When air turbulence occurs, water droplets collide, producing larger droplets. As these larger water droplets descend, coalescence continues, so that drops become heavy enough to overcome air resistance and fall as rain.
Ice pellets- Ice pellets form when a layer of above-freezing air is located between 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) and 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) above the ground, with sub-freezing air both above and below it. This causes the partial or complete melting of any snowflakes falling through the warm layer. As they fall back into the sub-freezing layer closer to the surface, they re-freeze into ice pellets.
Now let’s have a small QUIZ
How it goes is my colleague will throw a ball on any person and if it strikes on a
person he / she will have to answer, if my colleague misses to hit anyone our smart, handsome and teacher Mr. Vincient will
answer the question…. and anyone who doesn’t answer the question will have to
do what the questioner commands
Bio-climate profiles is a graphical representation of climate and related indices
on a site-by-site basis