Climates in FranceClimates in France

The 5 different climates are the following:The 5 different climates are the following:

The oceanic climate: mild and humidThe oceanic climate: mild and humidThe modified oceanic climate :The oceanic The modified oceanic climate :The oceanic

climate is modified by continental climate is modified by continental influencesinfluences

The continental climate: hot in summer, cold The continental climate: hot in summer, cold in winter in winter

Mediterranean climate : high temperatures Mediterranean climate : high temperatures in the summer,warm winters with lots of in the summer,warm winters with lots of rain ( flood-risk)rain ( flood-risk)

The mountain climate : long and cold wintersThe mountain climate : long and cold winters

The 5 different climatesThe 5 different climates

• Oceanic climateOceanic climate

• Modified oceanic Modified oceanic climateclimate

• Continental climateContinental climate

• Mediterranean Mediterranean climateclimate

• Mountain climateMountain climate

The modified oceanic The modified oceanic climateclimate

Our region is situated here on the Our region is situated here on the map.We have got an oceanic climate map.We have got an oceanic climate This means that the climate is This means that the climate is warmer in the summer and colder in warmer in the summer and colder in the winter compared to an oceanic the winter compared to an oceanic climate.climate.

Changes in the world Changes in the world temperaturetemperature

Climate changes have always existed Climate changes have always existed on our planet.Look at the on our planet.Look at the temperature line on this diagram.The temperature line on this diagram.The past is on the right,the present is on past is on the right,the present is on the left.the left.

These changes have taken place over These changes have taken place over a long period of time.The scale of a long period of time.The scale of this diagram is in millions of years.this diagram is in millions of years.

The climate changes of past The climate changes of past

Climate changes in the past.Climate changes in the past.

This diagram shows the temperatures This diagram shows the temperatures in France from 1950 to in France from 1950 to nowadays.You can see that the nowadays.You can see that the temperatures have increased a lot in temperatures have increased a lot in such a short lapse of time.such a short lapse of time.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

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medium temperatures in France( From 1950 to 2007)

temperature

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The evolution of temperatures in The evolution of temperatures in France.France.

Climate changes in France have Climate changes in France have always existed because of the always existed because of the Milankovitch cycles and volcanic Milankovitch cycles and volcanic eruptions, but today's changes eruptions, but today's changes are more brutal due to the are more brutal due to the greenhouse gases emitted by greenhouse gases emitted by manman

The climatic changes in the The climatic changes in the pastpast

A hundred million years ago, the quantity of A hundred million years ago, the quantity of CO2 was 3 to 5 times higher than in 1750 CO2 was 3 to 5 times higher than in 1750 (before the industrail revolution) and the (before the industrail revolution) and the temperatures were 10°C higher.temperatures were 10°C higher.

67 Million years ago there was a brutal drop in 67 Million years ago there was a brutal drop in temperatures, probably caused by dust in temperatures, probably caused by dust in the atmosphere (volcanic activity or fall of the atmosphere (volcanic activity or fall of meteorites) that darkened the sky.meteorites) that darkened the sky.

18,000 years ago,the last ice 18,000 years ago,the last ice age.Temperatures on Earth were age.Temperatures on Earth were approximately 4°C lower than those today.approximately 4°C lower than those today.

The main origin of the global warming The main origin of the global warming

Between 1920 and 1941, the Serbian astronomer Between 1920 and 1941, the Serbian astronomer Milutin Milankovitch demonstrated that the Milutin Milankovitch demonstrated that the average temperature of the Earth varies average temperature of the Earth varies according to a cycle. This cycle of glaciation finds according to a cycle. This cycle of glaciation finds its origin for the periods of 100 000 years, of 40 its origin for the periods of 100 000 years, of 40 000 years and of 20 000 characteristic years 000 years and of 20 000 characteristic years respectively variations of the eccentricity of the respectively variations of the eccentricity of the ground orbit, the slope of the axis of rotation of ground orbit, the slope of the axis of rotation of the Earth ( the nutation) and its pretransfer (or the Earth ( the nutation) and its pretransfer (or rotation of this axis). rotation of this axis).

http://menaceclimatique.free.fr/http://menaceclimatique.free.fr/anim_milankovitch.phpanim_milankovitch.php

We can see that the average world We can see that the average world temperatures have risen by 0.6 ° C temperatures have risen by 0.6 ° C (degrees celsius) during the 20th (degrees celsius) during the 20th

century, where as, in France,they have century, where as, in France,they have risen by 0.9°C. Before the end of the risen by 0.9°C. Before the end of the century the temperatures may rise century the temperatures may rise

between 1.4°C and 5.8°C. In France this between 1.4°C and 5.8°C. In France this increase will undoubtedly be even increase will undoubtedly be even

higher.higher.

The futur climateThe futur climate

In XXth centuriesIn XXth centuries In XXI centuriesIn XXI centuries

Increase of the average Increase of the average temperatures on the worldtemperatures on the world +0.6°C+0.6°C +1.4°C to 5.8°C+1.4°C to 5.8°C

Increase of the average level Increase of the average level of the oceansof the oceans +10 to 20 cm+10 to 20 cm +9 to 88 cm+9 to 88 cm

Increase of the average Increase of the average temperatures in Francetemperatures in France +0.9°C+0.9°C

Future climateFuture climate

During the 21st century scientists During the 21st century scientists expect an average land temperature expect an average land temperature increase of 1.4°C to 5.8°C and an increase of 1.4°C to 5.8°C and an average increase in sea level of 9 to average increase in sea level of 9 to 88cm.88cm.